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  • failed to enable x11 forwarding

    - by Hunt
    I am trying to enable X11 forwarding on my server which is running on FreeBSD 7.1. I have a putty installed in my windows in which i have enabled X11 forwarding by checking on Enable X11 forwarding and specifying following parameter X display location localhost:0 after that i run putty and checked whether X11 is enabled or not by typing following command echo "$DISPLAY" or echo $DISPLAY but i am getting following error DISPLAY: Undefined variable. Even i have installed XManager but in that also i am getting following error The X11 forwarding request was rejected ! To solve this problem, please turn on the X11 forwarding features of the remote SSH server can anyone suggest me how to get rid off this ?

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  • Git - post-receive hook with git pull "Failed to find a valid git directory"

    - by ludicco
    It's very weird but when setting a git repository and creating a post-receive hook with: echo "--initializing hook--" cd ~/websites/testing echo "--prepare update--" git pull echo "--update completed--" the hook runs indeed, but it never manage to run git pull properly: 6bfa32c..71c3d2a master -> master --initializing hook-- --prepare update-- fatal: Not a git repository: '.' Failed to find a valid git directory. --update completed-- so I'm asking myself now, how it's possible to make the hook update the clone with post-receive? in this case the user running the processes is the same, and its everything inside the user folder so I really don't understand...because if if I go manually into cd ~/websites/testing git pull it works without any problem... any help on that would be pretty much appreciated Thanks a lot

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  • How are PID's generated?

    - by Helltone
    On *nix, PIDs are unique identifiers for running processes. How are PID's generated? Is it just an integer which gets incremented or a more complex structure such as a list? How do they get recycled? By recycling I mean that, when a process terminates, it's PID will eventually be reused by another process.

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  • Vim: Custom Folding function done, custom highlighting required

    - by sixtyfootersdude
    I have defined a function in vim to properly indent folds. Ie so they look like this: Unfolded this is text also text indented text indented text not indented text folded with default function this is text also text +-- 2 lines: indented text ---------------------------- not indented text folded with my new function this is text also text ++- 2 lines: indented text ---------------------------- not indented text The only problem is the the highlighting is still like this: folded with my new function (highlighting shown with tag) this is text also text <hi> ++- 2 lines: indented text ----------------------------</hi> not indented text I would like the highlighting to start at the ++ and not at the beginning of the line. I have looked in the vim manual but could not find anything like that. One so-so solution I found was to make the background black. highlight Folded ctermbg=black ctermfg=white cterm=bold But this make folds less visible. I have tried several variations of: syn keyword Folded lines syn region Folded ... But I don't think that this is the way that folds are selected. Can anyone offer a suggestion? By the way this is my function to indent the folds: set foldmethod=indent function! MyFoldText() let lines = 1 + v:foldend - v:foldstart let ind = indent(v:foldstart) let spaces = '' let i = 0 while i < ind let i = i+1 let spaces = spaces . ' ' endwhile let linestxt = 'lines' if lines == 1 linestxt = 'line' endif return spaces . '+' . v:folddashes . ' '. lines . ' ' . linestxt . ': ' . getline(v:foldstaendfunction endfunction au BufWinEnter,BufRead,BufNewFile * set foldtext=MyFoldText() By the way thanks to njd for helping me get this function setup.

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  • Automating the choice between JPEG and PNG with a script

    - by MHC
    Choosing the right format to save your images in is crucial for preserving image quality and reducing artifacts. Different formats follow different compression methods and come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. JPG, for instance is suited for real life photographs that are rich in color gradients. The lossless PNG, on the other hand, is far superior when it comes to schematic figures: Picking the right format can be a chore when working with a large number of files. That's why I would love to find a way to automate it. A little bit of background on my particular use case: I am working on a number of handouts for a series of lectures at my unversity. The handouts are rich in figures, which I have to extract from PDF-formatted slides. Extracting these images gives me lossless PNGs, which are needlessly large at times. Converting these particular files to JPEG can reduce their size to up to less than 20% of their original file size, while maintaining the same quality. This is important as working with hundreds of large images in word processors is pretty crash-prone. Batch converting all extracted PNGs to JPEGs is not an option I am willing to follow, as many if not most images are better suited to be formatted as PNGs. Converting these would result in insignificant size reductions and sometimes even increases in filesize - that's at least what my test runs showed. What we can take from this is that file size after compression can serve as an indicator on what format is suited best for a particular image. It's not a particularly accurate predictor, but works well enough. So why not use it in form of a script: I included inotifywait because I would prefer for the script be executed automatically as soon as I drag an extracted image into a folder. This is a simpler version of the script that I've been using for the last couple of weeks: #!/bin/bash inotifywait -m --format "%w%f" --exclude '.jpg' -r -e create -e moved_to --fromfile '/home/MHC/.scripts/Workflow/Conversion/include_inotifywait' | while read file; do mogrify -format jpg -quality 92 "$file" done The advanced version of the script would have to be able to handle spaces in file names and directory names preserve the original file names flatten PNG images if an alpha value is set compare the file size between the temporary converted image and its original determine if the difference is greater than a given precentage act accordingly The actual conversion could be done with imagemagick tools: convert -quality 92 -flatten -background white file.png file.jpg Unfortunately, my bash skills aren't even close to advanced enough to convert the scheme above into an actual script, but I am sure many of you can. My reputation points on here are pretty low, but I will gladly award the most helpful answer with the highest bounty I can set. References: http://www.formortals.com/introducing-cnb-imageguide/, http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/png-vs-jpg Edit: Also see my comments below for some more information on why I think this script would be the best solution to the problem I am facing.

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  • How can I kill and wait for background processes to finish in a shell script when I Ctrl+C it?

    - by slipheed
    I'm trying to set up a shell script so that it runs background processes, and when I ctrl+C the shell script, it kills the children, then exits. The best that I've managed to come up with is this. It appears that kill 0 -INT also kills the script before the wait happens, so the shell script dies before the children complete. Any ideas on how I can make this shell script wait for the children to die after sending INT? #!/bin/bash trap 'killall' INT killall() { echo **** Shutting down... **** kill 0 -INT wait # Why doesn't this wait?? echo DONE } process1 & process2 & process3 & cat # wait forever

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  • Unzip individual files from multiple zip files and extract those individual files to home directory

    - by James P.
    I would like to unzip individual files. These files have a .txt extension. These files also live within multiple zipped files. Here is the command I'm trying to use. unzip -jn /path/to/zipped/files/zipArchiveFile2011\*.zip /path/to/specific/individual/files/myfiles2011*.txt -d /path/to/home/directory/for/extract/ From my understanding, the -j option excludes directories and will extract only the txt files The -n option will not overwrite a file if it has already been extracted. I've also learned that the forward slash in /path/to/zipped/files/zipArchiveFile2011\*.zip is necessary to escape the wildcard (*) character. Here is sample of error messages I'm coming accross: Archive: /path/to/zipped/files/zipArchiveFile20110808.zip caution: filename not matched: /path/to/specific/individual/files/myfiles20110807.txt caution: filename not matched: /path/to/specific/individual/files/myfiles20110808.txt Archive: /path/to/zipped/files/zipArchiveFile20110809.zip caution: filename not matched: /path/to/specific/individual/files/myfiles20110810.txt caution: filename not matched: /path/to/specific/individual/files/myfiles20110809.txt I feel that I'm missing something very simple. I've tried using single quotes (') and double quotes (") around directory paths. But no luck.

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  • Probelm After Changing password in ubuntu

    - by Narendra
    Hi All, I am using ubuntu system which uses openldap for user login authentication. For changing my login password i used "$sudo passwd" and changed it. (of course the password given is same as old one). Then onwards when i trying to run "apt" command it showing command not found. and for some other programs it showing segmentation fault. Can any one tell me why I am facing issue and how to solve this.

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  • Vista home basic, "this folder is empty" problem

    - by peter m
    When I access my itunes folder in "my music" I see most but not all artist folders, when I access any of them I get "this folder is empty", When in Itunes all music plays and if I right click on a song and click show in folder I can see my full Itunes folder, so far I have done two system restores, scan disk, windows memory scan, defrag and tried ifixit. nothing has worked, I dont understand how I can see two different folders at the same address. Also have checked hidden files settings.

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  • Basic IP address structure

    - by dannymcc
    We currently have a few servers, around 30-40 workstations and 16 phones. Each device has a static IP address. As an example the standard settings for a new workstation is; IP: 192.168.1.XXX Subnet: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.99 DNS: 192.168.1.50 As I am slowly exploring new server OS's and virtualisation etc. I am getting close to wanting a wider range of IP addresses. What I would like to do is seperate the devices by IP as follows: Servers 192.168.1.XXX Workstations 192.168.2.XXX Printers 192.168.3.XXX Phones 192.168.4.XXX VM's 192.168.5.XXX Is this a bad idea, or is this a common way of doing things? My biggest concern is the phones and subnet masks. The phones are managed by our provider although I have access to the server that runs them. Would I need to change the subnet mask to 255.255.0.0 on all devices? Or only those that change? For example, the phones don't need to connect to any other devices other than other phones and the phone server. So if I have the phones on 192.168.1.XXX with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and then moved everything I had complete ownership/control of to 192.168.X.XXX with a new subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. Would that work?

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  • OSX: Python packages fail to install, error message "/usr/local/bin: File Exists"

    - by kylehotchkiss
    I keep trying to install django and other python packages, and I keep getting the exact same error message: Installing django-admin.py script to /usr/local/bin error: /usr/local/bin: File exists So I look to make sure that my /usr/local folder is okay. At first glance it appears okay, until I try cd-ing into my bin. It says it can't because it's not a directory. Peculiar, I thought, so then I tried a Anchorage:local khotchkiss$ ls -a -l total 26168 drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 204 Dec 26 20:18 . drwxr-xr-x@ 14 root wheel 476 Feb 24 12:54 .. -rwxr-xr-x@ 1 root wheel 13395080 Oct 22 23:04 bin drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 272 Dec 26 20:18 git drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 136 Dec 18 11:31 include drwxr-xr-x 12 root wheel 408 Dec 18 11:31 lib And haven't a clue of what the 'bin' is, why its so large, and why its preventing me from installing python packages. Any clue?

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  • Prevent scp from copying local files?

    - by ashcatch
    I just read the Linux scp command issue question and it reminded me that I regularily forget to specify the colon in the host part of a scp command, and thus copying a file locally instead of copying to a remote host, e.g. I do scp foo host instead of scp foo host: But I never use scp to copy a file locally. So I wonder if there is a way to make scp fail if both (the source and destination) arguments refer to local files.

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  • script to recursively check for and select dependencies

    - by rp.sullivan
    I have written a script that does this but it is one of my first scripts ever so i am sure there is a better way:) Let me know how you would go about doing this. I'm looking for a simple yet efficient way to do this. Here is some important background info: ( It might be a little confusing but hopefully by the end it will make sense. ) 1) This image shows the structure/location of the relevant dirs and files. 2) The packages.file located at ./config/default/config/packages is a space delimited file. field5 is the "package name" which i will call $a for explanations sake. field4 is the name of the dir containing the $a.dir i will call $b field1 shows if the package is selected or not, "X"(capital x) for selected and "O"(capital o as in orange) for not selected. Here is an example of what the packages.file might contain: ... X ---3------ 104.800 database gdbm 1.8.3 / base/library CROSS 0 O -1---5---- 105.000 base libiconv 1.13.1 / base/tool CROSS 0 X 01---5---- 105.000 base pkgconfig 0.25 / base/tool CROSS 0 X -1-3------ 105.000 base texinfo 4.13a / base/tool CROSS DIETLIBC 0 O -----5---- 105.000 develop duma 2_5_15 / base/development CROSS NOPARALLEL 0 O -----5---- 105.000 develop electricfence 2_4_13 / base/development CROSS 0 O -----5---- 105.000 develop gnupth 2.0.7 / extra/development CROSS NOPARALLEL FPIC-QUIRK 0 ... 3) For almost every package listed in the "packages.file" there is a corresponding ".cache file" The .cache file for package $a would be located at ./package/$b/$a/$a.cache The .cache files contain a list of dependencies for that particular package. Here is an example of one of the .cache files might look like. Note that the dependencies are field2 of lines containing "[DEP]" These dependencies are all names of packages in the "package.file" [TIMESTAMP] 1134178701 Sat Dec 10 02:38:21 2005 [BUILDTIME] 295 (9) [SIZE] 11.64 MB, 191 files [DEP] 00-dirtree [DEP] bash [DEP] binutils [DEP] bzip2 [DEP] cf [DEP] coreutils ... So with all that in mind... I'm looking for a shell script that: From within the "main dir" Looks at the ./config/default/config/packages file and finds the "selected" packages and reads the corresponding .cache Then compiles a list of dependencies that excludes the already selected packages Then selects the dependencies (by changing field1 to X) in the ./config/default/config/packages file and repeats until all the dependencies are met Note: The script will ultimately end up in the "scripts dir" and be called from the "main dir". If this is not clear let me know what need clarification. For those interested I'm playing around with T2 SDE. If you are into playing around with linux it might be worth taking a look.

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  • Good ways to restart all the computers in a remote cluster?

    - by vgm64
    I have a cluster that I manage and from time to time I get emails from each node (and head node) begging to be restarted after an automatic upgrade. Currently, my best solution so far is a shell script like: $> cat cluster_reboot.sh ssh [email protected] reboot ssh [email protected] reboot ssh [email protected] reboot ssh [email protected] reboot ssh [email protected] reboot ssh [email protected] reboot I end up just typing the root password six times, but it works, I guess. Is there a better way? Can I force the head node to reboot the computers for me?

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  • With a username passed to a script, find the user's home directory

    - by Clinton Blackmore
    I am writing a script that gets called when a user logs in and check if a certain folder exists or is a broken symlink. (This is on a Mac OS X system, but the question is purely bash). It is not elegant, and it is not working, but right now it looks like this: #!/bin/bash # Often users have a messed up cache folder -- one that was redirected # but now is just a broken symlink. This script checks to see if # the cache folder is all right, and if not, deletes it # so that the system can recreate it. USERNAME=$3 if [ "$USERNAME" == "" ] ; then echo "This script must be run at login!" >&2 exit 1 fi DIR="~$USERNAME/Library/Caches" cd $DIR || rm $DIR && echo "Removed misdirected Cache folder" && exit 0 echo "Cache folder was fine." The crux of the problem is that the tilde expansion is not working as I'd like. Let us say that I have a user named george, and that his home folder is /a/path/to/georges_home. If, at a shell, I type: cd ~george it takes me to the appropriate directory. If I type: HOME_DIR=~george echo $HOME_DIR It gives me: /a/path/to/georges_home However, if I try to use a variable, it does not work: USERNAME="george" cd ~$USERNAME -bash: cd: ~george: No such file or directory I've tried using quotes and backticks, but can't figure out how to make it expand properly. How do I make this work?

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  • Expanding globs in xargs

    - by Craig
    I have a directory like this mkdir test cd test touch file{0,1}.txt otherfile{0,1}.txt stuff{0,1}.txt I want to run some command such as ls on certain types of files in the directory and have the * (glob) expand to all possibilities for the filename. echo 'file otherfile' | tr ' ' '\n' | xargs -I % ls %*.txt This command does not expand the glob and tries to look for the literal 'file*.txt' How do I write a similar command that expands the globs? (I want to use xargs so the command can be run in parallel)

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  • NIS: which mechanism hides shadow.byname for unpriviledged users?

    - by Mark Salzer
    On some Linux box (SLES 11.1) which is a NIS client I can do as root: ypcat shadow.byname and get output, i.e. some lines with the encrypted passwords, amongst other information. On the same Linux box, if I run the same command as unpriviledged user, I get No such map shadow.byname. Reason: No such map in server's domain Now I am surprised. My good old knowlege says that shadow passwords in NIS are absurd because there is no access control or authentication in the protocol and thus every (unpriviledged) user can access the shadow map and thereby obtain the encrypted passwords. Obviously we have a different picture here. Unfortunately I don't have access to the NIS server to figure out what is happening. My only guess is that the NIS master gives the map only to clients conection from a priviledged port (1024), but this is only an uneducated guess. What mechanisms are there in current NIS implementations to lead to a behavior like the above? How "secure" are they? Can the be circumvented easily? Or are shadow passwords in NIS as secure as the good old shadow files?

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  • Alternatives to native LDAP

    - by Matt
    We've implemented an LDAP to NIS solution and have begun transitioning some systems to native LDAP binding for authentication and automount maps. Unfortunately we have a very mixed environment with more than 20 *nix environments. The setup for each variant is of course unique and has required various workarounds to get full functionality. We're now at the point where we're willing to revisit the solution and possibly migrate toward something like Likewise (http://www.likewise.org), but would like to know what others are using to solve this problem.

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  • bash vs sh | What is the difference

    - by Saif Bechan
    In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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  • How do I keep folders synced and backed up between two macs using a Linux NAS (rsync?)

    - by Hultner
    I've got two primary computers, one Mac Pro and one MacBook Pro for when I'm on the go. I've also got a Linux sever which also acts as NAS. Currently I backup the entire computers to an external drive with Time Machine which is rather useless and doesn't sync anything. What I really want to do is to keep my important files synced between both computers and my NAS (which is running RAID 5), that way I'm not backing up easily replaceable systemfiles and I've got all my important files in 3 places where two of them are running raid so at least 5 drives would have to crash at the same time before actual data loss occur. Folders I want to keep synced is basically my photo, documents, development, mamp and work folders and then I want to keep the user library folder backed up but not synced. I'm thinking that I'd have to use rsync but don't know how. Before suggesting Dropbox and similar suggestions I don't want to use them because of several reasons some of them being security (Dropbox obviously proved this), Speed (sometimes I'll sync gigabytes of data and that will be significantly faster locally and probably even through VPN as I have a Gigabit pipe), Space (space on my NAS is cheap and only practically limited by my needs), reliability (even if my internet were to go down I still need to be able to keep my files synced incase I'd need to go somewhere on the fly), price (I already have all the hardware and for the amount of gigabytes and bandwidth I'd need I doubt that there's any free or cheap service). Those are my main reason for wanting to keep it locally. I'm sorry for any spelling or grammatical mistakes that I've might have done. I'm writing this on my smartphone from a shaky train and English isn't my mother tongue. I gratefully appreciate any answers even if only partly solving my problem.

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  • What version of SCO Open Server are guys using out there and on what hardware?

    - by Gath
    I have some old applications which are running on SCO Open Server 5.0.5, and i would love to move them to SCO Open Server 5.0.7 and on modern hardware(servers), currently am running SCO on old IBM PL 300 personal computer, on 92MB Memory, one processor, and it has been serving the clients pretty well. Now i have New Modern IBM xseries Servers and i would love to migrate the same applications to those new servers. Problem is, SCO 5.0.5 is unable to detect some of the hardware components in the new servers. I read somewhere that SCO 5.0.7 is able to detect the newer hardware even the USB ports etc. Is there anyone running SCO Openserver out there, and on what hardware architecture are they running on? Gath

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