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• How do you repair an "input/output error" in an NTFS partition?

  - by Calixte

  I replaced a buggy Windows Vista installation with Ubuntu. All works fine except that the mais harddrive where I had all my files are now inaccessible. Here is the eror message I get: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 13: ntfs_attr_pread_i: ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error Failed to read NTFS $Bitmap: Input/output error NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory, (e.g. /dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the 'dmraid' documentation for more details Is it necessarily a hardware problem? If not, is there a way to repair the HD from Ubuntu?

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• How to get output from upstart jobs when logged in via SSH?

  - by Binarus

  Hi, at the moment, I am trying to learn upstart and can't get around a basic problem. To monitor what my job definitions are doing, I would like to see text output from the jobs. That does not seem to be possible when I am logged on via SSH. Currently, I am having this problem with Natty 11.04, but I am convinced that it is a more common one. Probably I just don't know about some important, yet very basic, fact. A simple job file I use (filename /etc/init/test.conf): description "test" start on test console owner kill timeout 5 task script /bin/echo Gotcha... end script My goal is to see the text "Gotcha..." when doing "initctl emit test" or "initctl start test". But that does not work. What I have tried so far: "console output" instead of "console owner" "exec /bin/echo Gotcha..." instead of script...end script I am grateful for any advice. Thank you very much, Binarus

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• Design pattern: static function call with input/output containers?

  - by Pavlo Dyban

  I work for a company in software research department. We use algorithms from our real software and wrap them so that we can use them for prototyping. Every time an algorithm interface changes, we need to adapt our wrappers respectively. Recently all algorithms have been refactored in such a manner that instead of accepting many different inputs and returning outputs via referenced parameters, they now accept one input data container and one output data container (the latter is passed by reference). Algorithm interface is limited to a static function call like that: class MyAlgorithm{ static bool calculate(MyAlgorithmInput input, MyAlgorithmOutput &output); } This is actually a very powerful design, though I have never seen it in a C++ programming environment before. Changes in the number of parameters and their data types are now encapsulated and they don't change the algorithm callback. In the latest algorithm which I have developed I used the same scheme. Now I want to know if this is a popular design pattern and what it is called.

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• Is there any guarantee about the graphical output of different GPUs in DirectX?

  - by cloudraven

  Let's say that I run the same game in two different computers with different GPUs. If for example they are both certified for DirectX 10. Is there a guarantee that the output for a given program (game) is going to be the same regardless the manufacturer or model of the GPU? I am assuming the configurable settings are exactly the same in both cases. I heard that it is not the case for DirectX 9 and older, but that it is true for DirectX 10. If someone could provide a source confirming or denying it, it would be great. Also what is the guarantee offered. Will the output be exactly the same or just perceptually the same to the human eye?

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• 3D Graphics with XNA Game Studio 4.0 bug in light map?

  - by Eibis

  i'm following the tutorials on 3D Graphics with XNA Game Studio 4.0 and I came up with an horrible effect when I tried to implement the Light Map http://i.stack.imgur.com/BUWvU.jpg this effect shows up when I look towards the center of the house (and it moves with me). it has this shape because I'm using a sphere to represent light; using other light shapes gives different results. I'm using a class PreLightingRenderer: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Dhpoware; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; namespace XNAFirstPersonCamera { public class PrelightingRenderer { // Normal, depth, and light map render targets RenderTarget2D depthTarg; RenderTarget2D normalTarg; RenderTarget2D lightTarg; // Depth/normal effect and light mapping effect Effect depthNormalEffect; Effect lightingEffect; // Point light (sphere) mesh Model lightMesh; // List of models, lights, and the camera public List<CModel> Models { get; set; } public List<PPPointLight> Lights { get; set; } public FirstPersonCamera Camera { get; set; } GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice; int viewWidth = 0, viewHeight = 0; public PrelightingRenderer(GraphicsDevice GraphicsDevice, ContentManager Content) { viewWidth = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width; viewHeight = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height; // Create the three render targets depthTarg = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, viewWidth, viewHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Single, DepthFormat.Depth24); normalTarg = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, viewWidth, viewHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24); lightTarg = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, viewWidth, viewHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24); // Load effects depthNormalEffect = Content.Load<Effect>(@"Effects\PPDepthNormal"); lightingEffect = Content.Load<Effect>(@"Effects\PPLight"); // Set effect parameters to light mapping effect lightingEffect.Parameters["viewportWidth"].SetValue(viewWidth); lightingEffect.Parameters["viewportHeight"].SetValue(viewHeight); // Load point light mesh and set light mapping effect to it lightMesh = Content.Load<Model>(@"Models\PPLightMesh"); lightMesh.Meshes[0].MeshParts[0].Effect = lightingEffect; this.graphicsDevice = GraphicsDevice; } public void Draw() { drawDepthNormalMap(); drawLightMap(); prepareMainPass(); } void drawDepthNormalMap() { // Set the render targets to 'slots' 1 and 2 graphicsDevice.SetRenderTargets(normalTarg, depthTarg); // Clear the render target to 1 (infinite depth) graphicsDevice.Clear(Color.White); // Draw each model with the PPDepthNormal effect foreach (CModel model in Models) { model.CacheEffects(); model.SetModelEffect(depthNormalEffect, false); model.Draw(Camera.ViewMatrix, Camera.ProjectionMatrix, Camera.Position); model.RestoreEffects(); } // Un-set the render targets graphicsDevice.SetRenderTargets(null); } void drawLightMap() { // Set the depth and normal map info to the effect lightingEffect.Parameters["DepthTexture"].SetValue(depthTarg); lightingEffect.Parameters["NormalTexture"].SetValue(normalTarg); // Calculate the view * projection matrix Matrix viewProjection = Camera.ViewMatrix * Camera.ProjectionMatrix; // Set the inverse of the view * projection matrix to the effect Matrix invViewProjection = Matrix.Invert(viewProjection); lightingEffect.Parameters["InvViewProjection"].SetValue(invViewProjection); // Set the render target to the graphics device graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(lightTarg); // Clear the render target to black (no light) graphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); // Set render states to additive (lights will add their influences) graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive; graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None; foreach (PPPointLight light in Lights) { // Set the light's parameters to the effect light.SetEffectParameters(lightingEffect); // Calculate the world * view * projection matrix and set it to // the effect Matrix wvp = (Matrix.CreateScale(light.Attenuation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(light.Position)) * viewProjection; lightingEffect.Parameters["WorldViewProjection"].SetValue(wvp); // Determine the distance between the light and camera float dist = Vector3.Distance(Camera.Position, light.Position); // If the camera is inside the light-sphere, invert the cull mode // to draw the inside of the sphere instead of the outside if (dist < light.Attenuation) graphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullClockwise; // Draw the point-light-sphere lightMesh.Meshes[0].Draw(); // Revert the cull mode graphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; } // Revert the blending and depth render states graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; // Un-set the render target graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } void prepareMainPass() { foreach (CModel model in Models) foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Model.Meshes) foreach (ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts) { // Set the light map and viewport parameters to each model's effect if (part.Effect.Parameters["LightTexture"] != null) part.Effect.Parameters["LightTexture"].SetValue(lightTarg); if (part.Effect.Parameters["viewportWidth"] != null) part.Effect.Parameters["viewportWidth"].SetValue(viewWidth); if (part.Effect.Parameters["viewportHeight"] != null) part.Effect.Parameters["viewportHeight"].SetValue(viewHeight); } } } } that uses three effect: PPDepthNormal.fx float4x4 World; float4x4 View; float4x4 Projection; struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 Depth : TEXCOORD0; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD1; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; float4x4 viewProjection = mul(View, Projection); float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(World, viewProjection); output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection); output.Normal = mul(input.Normal, World); // Position's z and w components correspond to the distance // from camera and distance of the far plane respectively output.Depth.xy = output.Position.zw; return output; } // We render to two targets simultaneously, so we can't // simply return a float4 from the pixel shader struct PixelShaderOutput { float4 Normal : COLOR0; float4 Depth : COLOR1; }; PixelShaderOutput PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) { PixelShaderOutput output; // Depth is stored as distance from camera / far plane distance // to get value between 0 and 1 output.Depth = input.Depth.x / input.Depth.y; // Normal map simply stores X, Y and Z components of normal // shifted from (-1 to 1) range to (0 to 1) range output.Normal.xyz = (normalize(input.Normal).xyz / 2) + .5; // Other components must be initialized to compile output.Depth.a = 1; output.Normal.a = 1; return output; } technique Technique1 { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_1_1 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } PPLight.fx float4x4 WorldViewProjection; float4x4 InvViewProjection; texture2D DepthTexture; texture2D NormalTexture; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { texture = ; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; sampler2D normalSampler = sampler_state { texture = ; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; float3 LightColor; float3 LightPosition; float LightAttenuation; // Include shared functions #include "PPShared.vsi" struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float4 LightPosition : TEXCOORD0; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection); output.LightPosition = output.Position; return output; } float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { // Find the pixel coordinates of the input position in the depth // and normal textures float2 texCoord = postProjToScreen(input.LightPosition) + halfPixel(); // Extract the depth for this pixel from the depth map float4 depth = tex2D(depthSampler, texCoord); // Recreate the position with the UV coordinates and depth value float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x * 2 - 1; position.y = (1 - texCoord.y) * 2 - 1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1.0f; // Transform position from screen space to world space position = mul(position, InvViewProjection); position.xyz /= position.w; // Extract the normal from the normal map and move from // 0 to 1 range to -1 to 1 range float4 normal = (tex2D(normalSampler, texCoord) - .5) * 2; // Perform the lighting calculations for a point light float3 lightDirection = normalize(LightPosition - position); float lighting = clamp(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0, 1); // Attenuate the light to simulate a point light float d = distance(LightPosition, position); float att = 1 - pow(d / LightAttenuation, 6); return float4(LightColor * lighting * att, 1); } technique Technique1 { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_1_1 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } PPShared.vsi has some common functions: float viewportWidth; float viewportHeight; // Calculate the 2D screen position of a 3D position float2 postProjToScreen(float4 position) { float2 screenPos = position.xy / position.w; return 0.5f * (float2(screenPos.x, -screenPos.y) + 1); } // Calculate the size of one half of a pixel, to convert // between texels and pixels float2 halfPixel() { return 0.5f / float2(viewportWidth, viewportHeight); } and finally from the Game class I set up in LoadContent with: effect = Content.Load(@"Effects\PPModel"); models[0] = new CModel(Content.Load(@"Models\teapot"), new Vector3(-50, 80, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 0), 1f, Content.Load(@"Textures\prova_texture_autocad"), GraphicsDevice); house = new CModel(Content.Load(@"Models\house"), new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3((float)-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0), 35.0f, Content.Load(@"Textures\prova_texture_autocad"), GraphicsDevice); models[0].SetModelEffect(effect, true); house.SetModelEffect(effect, true); renderer = new PrelightingRenderer(GraphicsDevice, Content); renderer.Models = new List(); renderer.Models.Add(house); renderer.Models.Add(models[0]); renderer.Lights = new List() { new PPPointLight(new Vector3(0, 120, 0), Color.White * .85f, 2000) }; where PPModel.fx is: float4x4 World; float4x4 View; float4x4 Projection; texture2D BasicTexture; sampler2D basicTextureSampler = sampler_state { texture = ; addressU = wrap; addressV = wrap; minfilter = anisotropic; magfilter = anisotropic; mipfilter = linear; }; bool TextureEnabled = true; texture2D LightTexture; sampler2D lightSampler = sampler_state { texture = ; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; float3 AmbientColor = float3(0.15, 0.15, 0.15); float3 DiffuseColor; #include "PPShared.vsi" struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 UV : TEXCOORD0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 UV : TEXCOORD0; float4 PositionCopy : TEXCOORD1; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(World, mul(View, Projection)); output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection); output.PositionCopy = output.Position; output.UV = input.UV; return output; } float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { // Sample model's texture float3 basicTexture = tex2D(basicTextureSampler, input.UV); if (!TextureEnabled) basicTexture = float4(1, 1, 1, 1); // Extract lighting value from light map float2 texCoord = postProjToScreen(input.PositionCopy) + halfPixel(); float3 light = tex2D(lightSampler, texCoord); light += AmbientColor; return float4(basicTexture * DiffuseColor * light, 1); } technique Technique1 { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_1_1 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } I don't have any idea on what's wrong... googling the web I found that this tutorial may have some bug but I don't know if it's the LightModel fault (the sphere) or in a shader or in the class PrelightingRenderer. Any help is very appreciated, thank you for reading!

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• How to get the output of a php script executed by a piped mail?

  - by xun2

  I've configured an email address to pipe (forward) all emails to /path/to/script.php I thought I'll receive the output of the script as an email reply but it doesn't work. How can I get the output of the script and send a reply email with the output as the email content? (*) I know I can use mail() inside the script but I don't have permissions to edit the script, and I can't copy the script because it's being updated from time to time.

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• Why does newline come before space in the output of hexdump?

  - by ??????? ???????????

  Printing these characters in the "Canonical" format gives the output that I expect, while the default format throws me off. $ echo " " |hexdump # Reversed? 0000000 0a20 0000002 $ echo -n " " |hexdump # Ok, fair enough. 0000000 0020 $ echo " " |hexdump -C # Canonical 00000000 20 0a | .| 00000002 With a different string, such as "123" the output is even more confusing: $ echo "123" |hexdump 0000000 3231 0a33 0000004 The output here does not seem "reversed", but rather shuffled. Would anyone care to explain (briefly) what is going on here?

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• Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

  - by Radek Hladík

  I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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• How can I both pipe and display output in Windows' command line?

  - by Bob

  I have a process I need to run within a batch file. This process produces some output. I need to both display this output to the screen and send (pipe) it to another program. The bash method uses tee: echo 'ee' | tee /dev/tty | foo Is there an equivalent for Windows? I am happy to use PowerShell if necessary. There are tee ports for Windows, but there does not appear to be an equivalent for /dev/tty, which complicates matters. The specific use-case here: I have a program (launch4j) that I need to run, displaying output to the user. At the same time, I need to be able to detect success or failure in the script. Unfortunately, this program does not set an exit code, and I cannot force it to do so. My current workaround involves piping to find, to search the output (launch4j config.xml | find "Successfully created") - however, that swallows the output I need to display. Therefore, I need some way to both display to the screen and send the ouput to a command - and this command should be able to set ERRORLEVEL (it cannot run asynchronously).

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• Double Buffering for Game objects, what's a nice clean generic C++ way?

  - by Gary

  This is in C++. So, I'm starting from scratch writing a game engine for fun and learning from the ground up. One of the ideas I want to implement is to have game object state (a struct) be double-buffered. For instance, I can have subsystems updating the new game object data while a render thread is rendering from the old data by guaranteeing there is a consistent state stored within the game object (the data from last time). After rendering of old and updating of new is finished, I can swap buffers and do it again. Question is, what's a good forward-looking and generic OOP way to expose this to my classes while trying to hide implementation details as much as possible? Would like to know your thoughts and considerations. I was thinking operator overloading could be used, but how do I overload assign for a templated class's member within my buffer class? for instance, I think this is an example of what I want: doublebuffer<Vector3> data; data.x=5; //would write to the member x within the new buffer int a=data.x; //would read from the old buffer's x member data.x+=1; //I guess this shouldn't be allowed If this is possible, I could choose to enable or disable double-buffering structs without changing much code. This is what I was considering: template <class T> class doublebuffer{ T T1; T T2; T * current=T1; T * old=T2; public: doublebuffer(); ~doublebuffer(); void swap(); operator=()?... }; and a game object would be like this: struct MyObjectData{ int x; float afloat; } class MyObject: public Node { doublebuffer<MyObjectData> data; functions... } What I have right now is functions that return pointers to the old and new buffer, and I guess any classes that use them have to be aware of this. Is there a better way?

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• Can't configure frame relay T1 on Cisco 1760

  - by sonar

  For the past few days I've been trying to configure a data T1 via a Frame Relay. Now I've been pretty unsuccessful at it, and it's been a while, since I've done this so please bare with me. The ISP provided me the following information: 1. IP address 2. Gateway address 3. Encapsulation Frame Relay 4. DLCI 100 5. BZ8 ESF (I think the bz8 was supposed to be b8zs) 6. Time Slot (1 al 24). And what I have configured up until now is the following: interface Serial0/0 ip address <ip address> 255.255.255.252 encapsulation frame-relay service-module t1 timeslots 1-24 frame-relay interface-dlci 100 sh service-module s0/0 (outputs): Module type is T1/fractional Hardware revision is 0.128, Software revision is 0.2, Image checksum is 0x73D70058, Protocol revision is 0.1 Receiver has no alarms. Framing is **ESF**, Line Code is **B8ZS**, Current clock source is line, Fraction has **24 timeslots** (64 Kbits/sec each), Net bandwidth is 1536 Kbits/sec. Last module self-test (done at startup): Passed Last clearing of alarm counters 00:17:17 loss of signal : 0, loss of frame : 0, AIS alarm : 0, Remote alarm : 2, last occurred 00:10:10 Module access errors : 0, Total Data (last 1 15 minute intervals): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs Data in current interval (138 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs sh int: FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PQUICC_FEC, address is 000d.6516.e5aa (bia 000d.6516.e5aa) Internet address is 10.0.0.1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:20:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 191 packets output, 20676 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) LMI enq sent 157, LMI stat recvd 0, LMI upd recvd 0, DTE LMI down LMI enq recvd 23, LMI stat sent 0, LMI upd sent 0 LMI DLCI 1023 LMI type is CISCO frame relay DTE FR SVC disabled, LAPF state down Broadcast queue 0/64, broadcasts sent/dropped 2/0, interface broadcasts 0 Last input 00:24:51, output 00:00:05, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:27:20 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1152 kilobits/sec 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 23 packets input, 302 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1725 input errors, 595 CRC, 1099 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 30 abort 246 packets output, 3974 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 48 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 4 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up Serial0/0.1 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Serial0/0.100 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSU Internet address is <ip address>/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1536 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY Last clearing of "show interface" counters never And everything seems to be accounted for to me, but apparently I'm missing something. My issue is that I'm stuck on interface up, line protocol down, so the T1 doesn't go up. Any ideas? Thank you,

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• Is `xargs -t` output stderr or stdout, and can you control it?

  - by Roy Rico

  say i have a directory with hi.txt and blah.txt and i execute the following command on a linux-ish command line ls *.* | xargs -t -i{} echo {} the output you will see is echo blah.txt blah.txt echo hi.txt hi.txt i'd like to redirect the stderr output (say 'echo blah.txt' fails...), leaving only the output from the xargs -t command written to std out, but it looks as if it's stderr as well. ls *.* | xargs -t -i{} echo {} 2> /dev/null Is there a way to control it, to make it output to stdout?

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• how secure is php's die()? (with & without output buffering)

  - by Haroldo

  Does die() successfully terminate the php script at that point or only with output bufferring? would it be secure to do a: if(!isset($_SESSION['logged_in'])){ die('you do not have permission to access this page.'); }

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• Samba smbtree No output; failed to retrieve share list

  - by TomKat

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.10 on two machines, one laptop & one desktop. Faced the same problem when I used 12.04. When I try connecting to the other machine using 'Connect to Server', I give the correct user & workgroup details, but the system displays 'failed to retrieve server list' I've tried editing /etc/samba/smb.conf file to: name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast I also added the other machine to /etc/hosts But, nothing worked. The output of smbtree is naveen@tomkat:~$ smbtree Enter naveen's password: naveen@tomkat:~$ Used sources to solve problem myself: "Failed to retrieve share list from server" error when browsing a share with Nautilus http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1114038 All help will be appreciated. Thanks. UPDATE: After 'purging' samba and all its components (incl all config files), and reinstall, sharing workes in one direction (from Laptop to Desktop) but when I attempt to use the Desktop as server, same problem is still faced. UPDATE 2 dpkg -l|grep samba output: naveen@tomkat:~$ sudo dpkg -l|grep samba [sudo] password for naveen: ii libcrypt-smbhash-perl 0.12-3 all generate LM/NT hash of a password for samba ii samba 2:3.6.6-3ubuntu5 i386 SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for Unix ii samba-common 2:3.6.6-3ubuntu5 all common files used by both the Samba server and client ii samba-common-bin 2:3.6.6-3ubuntu5 i386 common files used by both the Samba server and client

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• In 'apt-cache depends' output, what is the meaning of Suggests, Recommends, |, <>?

  - by fred.bear

  I've checked the man/info page, but there is no reference to some aspects of the output fomat of apt-cache depends The man/info page tried to be helpful (in an obtuse manner); quote: "For the specific meaning of the remainder of the output it is best to consult the apt source code" Now in fairness to the info page, that quote was in regards to the 'showpkg' option which it had reasonably explained, but my option had no such explanation... I understand that Linux info comes from many sources (not just man/info pages), and I don't particularly want to rummage through the source (altough somtimes I do), so here is an example of what I'd like to know the meaning of. # I can assume what these mean, but... # What does | mean? (probably means 'or'???) # What does <pkg> and the following indentations mean? # At the end, the interaction(?) of Suggest and Recommends puzzles me. $ apt-cache depends solr-common solr-common Depends: debconf |Depends: openjdk-6-jre-headless |Depends: <java5-runtime-headless> default-jre-headless gcj-4.4-jre-headless gcj-jre-headless gij-4.3 openjdk-6-jre-headless Depends: <java6-runtime-headless> default-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-headless Depends: libcommons-codec-java Depends: libcommons-csv-java Depends: libcommons-fileupload-java Depends: libcommons-httpclient-java Depends: libcommons-io-java Depends: libjaxp1.3-java Depends: libjetty-java Depends: liblucene2-java Depends: libservlet2.5-java Depends: libslf4j-java Depends: libxml-commons-external-java Suggests: libmysql-java |Recommends: solr-tomcat Recommends: solr-jetty

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• Using LogParser - part 2

  - by fatherjack

  PersonAddress.csv SalesOrderDetail.tsv In part 1 of this series we downloaded and installed LogParser and used it to list data from a csv file. That was a good start and in this article we are going to see the different ways we can stream data and choose whether a whole file is selected. We are also going to take a brief look at what file types we can interrogate. If we take the query from part 1 and add a value for the output parameter as -o:datagrid so that the query becomes LOGPARSER "SELECT top 15 * FROM C:\LP\person_address.csv" -o:datagrid and run that we get a different result. A pop-up dialog that lets us view the results in a resizable grid. Notice that because we didn't specify the columns we wanted returned by LogParser (we used SELECT *) is has added two columns to the recordset - filename and rownumber. This behaviour can be very useful as we will see in future parts of this series. You can click Next 10 rows or All rows or close the datagrid once you are finished reviewing the data. You may have noticed that the files that I am working with are different file types - one is a csv (comma separated values) and the other is a tsv (tab separated values). If you want to convert a file from one to another then LogParser makes it incredibly simple. Rather than using 'datagrid' as the value for the output parameter, use 'csv': logparser "SELECT SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID, CarrierTrackingNumber, OrderQty, ProductID, SpecialOfferID, UnitPrice, UnitPriceDiscount, LineTotal, rowguid, ModifiedDate into C:\Sales_SalesOrderDetail.csv FROM C:\Sales_SalesOrderDetail.tsv" -i:tsv -o:csv Those familiar with SQL will not have to make a very big leap of faith to making adjustments to the above query to filter in/out records from the source file. Lets get all the records from the same file where the Order Quantity (OrderQty) is more than 25: logparser "SELECT SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID, CarrierTrackingNumber, OrderQty, ProductID, SpecialOfferID, UnitPrice, UnitPriceDiscount, LineTotal, rowguid, ModifiedDate into C:\LP\Sales_SalesOrderDetailOver25.csv FROM C:\LP\Sales_SalesOrderDetail.tsv WHERE orderqty > 25" -i:tsv -o:csv Or we could find all those records where the Order Quantity is equal to 25 and output it to an xml file: logparser "SELECT SalesOrderID, SalesOrderDetailID, CarrierTrackingNumber, OrderQty, ProductID, SpecialOfferID, UnitPrice, UnitPriceDiscount, LineTotal, rowguid, ModifiedDate into C:\LP\Sales_SalesOrderDetailEq25.xml FROM C:\LP\Sales_SalesOrderDetail.tsv WHERE orderqty = 25" -i:tsv -o:xml All the standard comparison operators are to be found in LogParser; >, <, =, LIKE, BETWEEN, OR, NOT, AND. Input and Output file formats. LogParser has a pretty impressive list of file formats that it can parse and a good selection of output formats that will let you generate output in a format that is useable for whatever process or application you may be using. From any of these To any of these IISW3C: parses IIS log files in the W3C Extended Log File Format.   NAT: formats output records as readable tabulated columns. IIS: parses IIS log files in the Microsoft IIS Log File Format. CSV: formats output records as comma-separated values text. BIN: parses IIS log files in the Centralized Binary Log File Format. TSV: formats output records as tab-separated or space-separated values text. IISODBC: returns database records from the tables logged to by IIS when configured to log in the ODBC Log Format. XML: formats output records as XML documents. HTTPERR: parses HTTP error log files generated by Http.sys. W3C: formats output records in the W3C Extended Log File Format. URLSCAN: parses log files generated by the URLScan IIS filter. TPL: formats output records following user-defined templates. CSV: parses comma-separated values text files. IIS: formats output records in the Microsoft IIS Log File Format. TSV: parses tab-separated and space-separated values text files. SQL: uploads output records to a table in a SQL database. XML: parses XML text files. SYSLOG: sends output records to a Syslog server. W3C: parses text files in the W3C Extended Log File Format. DATAGRID: displays output records in a graphical user interface. NCSA: parses web server log files in the NCSA Common, Combined, and Extended Log File Formats. CHART: creates image files containing charts. TEXTLINE: returns lines from generic text files. TEXTWORD: returns words from generic text files. EVT: returns events from the Windows Event Log and from Event Log backup files (.evt files). FS: returns information on files and directories. REG: returns information on registry values. ADS: returns information on Active Directory objects. NETMON: parses network capture files created by NetMon. ETW: parses Enterprise Tracing for Windows trace log files and live sessions. COM: provides an interface to Custom Input Format COM Plugins. So, you can query data from any of the types on the left and really easily get it into a format where it is ready for analysis by other tools. To a DBA or network Administrator with an enquiring mind this is a treasure trove. In part 3 we will look at working with multiple sources and specifically outputting to SQL format. See you there!

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• How do I stop XNA/Visual Studio from rebuilding my content project every time I build?

  - by Phil Quinn

  My group and I are working on a game in XNA 4.0 with Visual Studio 2010/2012. The main solution has 6 projects: 2 XNA game projects (1 executable/ 1 class library), 1 WPF executable for the level editor, 2 standard class libraries, and a content project. Originally, the editor and engine XNA game projects had a content reference to separate content projects. Recently, I consolidated the content projects into one to simplify asset additions. Since pushing these changes to our git repo, certain members of my group have been experiencing weird build issues. Every time they run the project, they have to re-build all of the assets. This happens regardless of whether any changes were made, even if they just run the project directly after building. I've taken a few steps to figure out why this is happening. Below is the MSBuild output set on Normal verbosity. The seemingly important part is at 4, with the line 4> Rebuilding all content because build settings have changed 1>------ Build started: Project: Engine.Core, Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 1>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:24 AM. 1>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 1> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 1>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 1>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 1>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>CoreCompile: 1>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>XnaWriteCacheFile: 1>Skipping target "XnaWriteCacheFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 1> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 1>_CopyAppConfigFile: 1>Skipping target "_CopyAppConfigFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 1>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 1> Engine.Core -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\bin\x86\Debug\TimeSink.Engine.Core.dll 1> 1>Build succeeded. 1> 1>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.13 2>------ Build started: Project: TimeSink.Entities, Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 2>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:25 AM. 2>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 2> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 2>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 2>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 2>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>CoreCompile: 2>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>XnaWriteCacheFile: 2>Skipping target "XnaWriteCacheFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 2>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 2> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 2>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 2> TimeSink.Entities -> <solution-dir>\src\TimeSink.Entities\bin\x86\Debug\TimeSink.Entities.dll 2> 2>Build succeeded. 2> 2>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.11 3>------ Build started: Project: Editor (Editor\Editor), Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 4>------ Build started: Project: Engine.Game, Configuration: Debug x86 ------ 3>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:25 AM. 3>CoreCompile: 3> All content is already up to date 3>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 3> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 3>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 3>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 3>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>CoreCompile: 3>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>XnaWriteCacheFile: 3>Skipping target "XnaWriteCacheFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 3> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 3>_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory: 3>Skipping target "_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 3>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 3> Editor -> <solution-dir>\src\Editor\Editor\bin\x86\Debug\Editor.dll 3> 3>Build succeeded. 3> 3>Time Elapsed 00:00:00.39 4>Build started 11/29/2012 3:24:25 AM. 4>CoreCompile: 4> Rebuilding all content because build settings have changed 4> Building Textures\circle.png -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\circle.xnb 4> Importing Textures\circle.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.TextureImporter 4> Processing Textures\circle.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.TextureProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\circle.xnb 4> Building Textures\giroux.png -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\giroux.xnb 4> Importing Textures\giroux.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.TextureImporter 4> Processing Textures\giroux.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.TextureProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\giroux.xnb 4> Building Textures\Body_Neutral.png -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\Body_Neutral.xnb 4> Importing Textures\Body_Neutral.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.TextureImporter 4> Processing Textures\Body_Neutral.png with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.TextureProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Textures\Body_Neutral.xnb 4> Building font.spritefont -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\font.xnb 4> Importing font.spritefont with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.FontDescriptionImporter 4> Processing font.spritefont with Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Processors.FontDescriptionProcessor 4> Compiling <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Content\font.xnb 4>ResolveAssemblyReferences: 4> A TargetFramework profile exclusion list will be generated. 4>EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile: 4>Skipping target "EmbedXnaFrameworkRuntimeProfile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute: 4>Skipping target "GenerateTargetFrameworkMonikerAttribute" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>CoreCompile: 4>Skipping target "CoreCompile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways: 4> Copying file from "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Core\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db" to "bin\x86\Debug\DialoguePrototypeTestDB.s3db". 4>_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory: 4>Skipping target "_CopyOutOfDateNestedContentItemsToOutputDirectory" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>_CopyAppConfigFile: 4>Skipping target "_CopyAppConfigFile" because all output files are up-to-date with respect to the input files. 4>CopyFilesToOutputDirectory: 4> Engine.Game -> <solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Engine.Game.exe 4>IncrementalClean: 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\circle.xnb". 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\giroux.xnb". 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\Body_Neutral.xnb". 4> Deleting file "<solution-dir>\src\Engine.Game\Engine.Game\bin\x86\Debug\font.xnb". 4> 4>Build succeeded. 4> 4>Time Elapsed 00:00:01.72 ========== Build: 4 succeeded, 0 failed, 1 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== I can't think of how build settings could change between consecutive executions. Like I said, this only happens for half our group. One member is on a 32-bit Windows 7 Prof bootcamp partition on a Mac. Everyone else, including those who don't have the issue, are running straight 64-bit Windows 7 Prof. Both have tried using VS 2010 and VS 2012. Any insight would be greatly appreciated. Also, I can post more details upon request if this isn't thorough enough.

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• How to setup HDMI output on m11x with Nvidia GeForce GT 540M? (Bumblebee) Help?

  - by Alexander Tritan

  I have an Alienware m11x with Optimus Technology. I setup (Fresh Install) Ubuntu 12.04 with bumblebee as below. Please help me set up the HDMI output so that I can connect it to my monitor. $ uname -a Linux ubuntu 3.2.0-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 18:54:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux $ lspci | grep -i vga 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 540M] (rev a1) $ dpkg --get-selections bumblebee install bumblebee-nvidia install $ bumblebeed -version bumblebeed --version bumblebeed (Bumblebee) 3.0 Copyright (C) 2011 The Bumblebee Project Should xrandr normally show HDMI? $ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192 LVDS1 connected 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 256mm x 144mm 1366x768 60.0*+ 1360x768 59.8 60.0 1024x768 60.0 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) $ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device1" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" Option "NoLogo" "true" Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP" EndSection $ cat /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device1" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" Option "NoLogo" "true" Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP" EndSection $ cat /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen "Screen0" Option "AutoAddDevices" "true" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nouveau" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" EndSection and finally the biggest config file below: $cat /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf [bumblebeed] VirtualDisplay=:8 KeepUnusedXServer=true ServerGroup=bumblebee TurnCardOffAtExit=false NoEcoModeOverride=false Driver= [optirun] VGLTransport=proxy AllowFallbackToIGC=false PMMethod=none [driver-nvidia] KernelDriver=nvidia-current Module=nvidia PMMethod=none LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-current:/usr/lib32/nvidia-current XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-current/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia [driver-nouveau] KernelDriver=nouveau PMMethod=none XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau Any ideas on setting up the Optimus to output to the HDMI T.V.? I want to enable my HDMI with my GeForce GT 540M.

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• how to define a field of view for the entire map for shadow?

  - by Mehdi Bugnard

  I recently added "Shadow Mapping" in my XNA games to include shadows. I followed the nice and famous tutorial from "Riemers" : http://www.riemers.net/eng/Tutorials/XNA/Csharp/Series3/Shadow_map.php . This code work nice and I can see my source of light and shadow. But the problem is that my light source does not match the field of view that I created. I want the light covers the entire map of my game. I don't know why , but the light only affect 2-3 cubes of my map. ScreenShot: (the emission of light illuminates only 2-3 blocks and not the full map) Here is my code i create the fieldOfView for LightviewProjection Matrix: Vector3 lightDir = new Vector3(10, 52, 10); lightPos = new Vector3(10, 52, 10); Matrix lightsView = Matrix.CreateLookAt(lightPos, new Vector3(105, 50, 105), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); Matrix lightsProjection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver2, 1f, 20f, 1000f); lightsViewProjectionMatrix = lightsView * lightsProjection; As you can see , my nearPlane and FarPlane are set to 20f and 100f . So i don't know why the light stop after 2 cubes. it's should be bigger Here is set the value to my custom effect HLSL in the shader file /* SHADOW VALUE */ effectWorld.Parameters["LightDirection"].SetValue(lightDir); effectWorld.Parameters["xLightsWorldViewProjection"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity * .lightsViewProjectionMatrix); effectWorld.Parameters["xWorldViewProjection"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity * arcadia.camera.View * arcadia.camera.Projection); effectWorld.Parameters["xLightPower"].SetValue(1f); effectWorld.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.3f); Here is my custom HLSL shader effect file "*.fx" // This sample uses a simple Lambert lighting model. float3 LightDirection = normalize(float3(-1, -1, -1)); float3 DiffuseLight = 1.25; float3 AmbientLight = 0.25; uniform const float3 DiffuseColor = 1; uniform const float Alpha = 1; uniform const float3 EmissiveColor = 0; uniform const float3 SpecularColor = 1; uniform const float SpecularPower = 16; uniform const float3 EyePosition; // FOG attribut uniform const float FogEnabled ; uniform const float FogStart ; uniform const float FogEnd ; uniform const float3 FogColor ; float3 cameraPos : CAMERAPOS; texture Texture; sampler Sampler = sampler_state { Texture = (Texture); magfilter = LINEAR; minfilter = LINEAR; mipfilter = LINEAR; AddressU = mirror; AddressV = mirror; }; texture xShadowMap; sampler ShadowMapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <xShadowMap>; magfilter = LINEAR; minfilter = LINEAR; mipfilter = LINEAR; AddressU = clamp; AddressV = clamp; }; /* *************** */ /* SHADOW MAP CODE */ /* *************** */ struct SMapVertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Position2D : TEXCOORD0; }; struct SMapPixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; struct SSceneVertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Pos2DAsSeenByLight : TEXCOORD0; float2 TexCoords : TEXCOORD1; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD2; float4 Position3D : TEXCOORD3; }; struct SScenePixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; float DotProduct(float3 lightPos, float3 pos3D, float3 normal) { float3 lightDir = normalize(pos3D - lightPos); return dot(-lightDir, normal); } SSceneVertexToPixel ShadowedSceneVertexShader(float4 inPos : POSITION, float2 inTexCoords : TEXCOORD0, float3 inNormal : NORMAL) { SSceneVertexToPixel Output = (SSceneVertexToPixel)0; Output.Position = mul(inPos, xWorldViewProjection); Output.Pos2DAsSeenByLight = mul(inPos, xLightsWorldViewProjection); Output.Normal = normalize(mul(inNormal, (float3x3)World)); Output.Position3D = mul(inPos, World); Output.TexCoords = inTexCoords; return Output; } SScenePixelToFrame ShadowedScenePixelShader(SSceneVertexToPixel PSIn) { SScenePixelToFrame Output = (SScenePixelToFrame)0; float2 ProjectedTexCoords; ProjectedTexCoords[0] = PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.x / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w / 2.0f + 0.5f; ProjectedTexCoords[1] = -PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.y / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w / 2.0f + 0.5f; float diffuseLightingFactor = 0; if ((saturate(ProjectedTexCoords).x == ProjectedTexCoords.x) && (saturate(ProjectedTexCoords).y == ProjectedTexCoords.y)) { float depthStoredInShadowMap = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, ProjectedTexCoords).r; float realDistance = PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.z / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w; if ((realDistance - 1.0f / 100.0f) <= depthStoredInShadowMap) { diffuseLightingFactor = DotProduct(xLightPos, PSIn.Position3D, PSIn.Normal); diffuseLightingFactor = saturate(diffuseLightingFactor); diffuseLightingFactor *= xLightPower; } } float4 baseColor = tex2D(Sampler, PSIn.TexCoords); Output.Color = baseColor*(diffuseLightingFactor + xAmbient); return Output; } SMapVertexToPixel ShadowMapVertexShader(float4 inPos : POSITION) { SMapVertexToPixel Output = (SMapVertexToPixel)0; Output.Position = mul(inPos, xLightsWorldViewProjection); Output.Position2D = Output.Position; return Output; } SMapPixelToFrame ShadowMapPixelShader(SMapVertexToPixel PSIn) { SMapPixelToFrame Output = (SMapPixelToFrame)0; Output.Color = PSIn.Position2D.z / PSIn.Position2D.w; return Output; } /* ******************* */ /* END SHADOW MAP CODE */ /* ******************* */ / For rendering without instancing. technique ShadowMap { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ShadowMapVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ShadowMapPixelShader(); } } technique ShadowedScene { /* pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VSBasicTx(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PSBasicTx(); } */ pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ShadowedSceneVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ShadowedScenePixelShader(); } } technique SimpleFog { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VSBasicTx(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PSBasicTx(); } } I edited my fx file , for show you only information and functions about the shadow ;-)

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• HLSL 5 interpolation issues

  - by metredigm

  I'm having issues with the depth components of my shadowmapping shaders. The shadow map rendering shader is fine, and works very well. The world rendering shader is more problematic. The only value which seems to definitely be off is the pixel's position from the light's perspective, which I pass in parallel to the position. struct Pixel { float4 position : SV_Position; float4 light_pos : TEXCOORD2; float3 normal : NORMAL; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD; }; The reason that I used the semantic 'TEXCOORD2' on the light's pixel position is because I believe that the problem lies with Direct3D's interpolation of values between shaders, and I started trying random semantics and also forcing linear and noperspective interpolations. In the world rendering shader, I observed in the pixel shader that the Z value of light_pos was always extremely close to, but less than the W value. This resulted in a depth result of 0.999 or similar for every pixel. Here is the vertex shader code : struct Vertex { float3 position : POSITION; float3 normal : NORMAL; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD; }; struct Pixel { float4 position : SV_Position; float4 light_pos : TEXCOORD2; float3 normal : NORMAL; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD; }; cbuffer Camera : register (b0) { matrix world; matrix view; matrix projection; }; cbuffer Light : register (b1) { matrix light_world; matrix light_view; matrix light_projection; }; Pixel RenderVertexShader(Vertex input) { Pixel output; output.position = mul(float4(input.position, 1.0f), world); output.position = mul(output.position, view); output.position = mul(output.position, projection); output.world_pos = mul(float4(input.position, 1.0f), world); output.world_pos = mul(output.world_pos, light_view); output.world_pos = mul(output.world_pos, light_projection); output.texcoord = input.texcoord; output.normal = input.normal; return output; } I suspect interpolation to be the culprit, as I used the camera matrices in place of the light matrices in the vertex shader, and had the same problem. The problem is evident as both of the same vectors were passed to a pixel from the VS, but only one of them showed a change in the PS. I have already thoroughly debugged the matrices' validity, the cbuffers' validity, and the multiplicative validity. I'm very stumped and have been trying to solve this for quite some time. Misc info : The light projection matrix and the camera projection matrix are the same, generated from D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(), with an FOV of 60.0f * 3.141f / 180.0f, a near clipping plane of 0.1f, and a far clipping plane of 1000.0f. Any ideas on what is happening? (This is a repost from my question on Stack Overflow)

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• Init.d script gets return code 1 when calling itself, how can I get output?

  - by Per

  My question is, how can I modify the script so that it will tell me what goes wrong? The scenario is this: I'm trying to get Sonatype Nexus to start as a service in Ubuntu 10.04, and it just will not work. (I'm not looking for help on how to run Nexus, but on how to get some useful output from a script) It works when invoking it with sudo /etc/init.d/nexus start but fails when using sudo service nexus start I have run the update-rc.d command on it, and done everything according to instructions. The nexus init.d-script has a point where it calls itself when it detects that it should run as another user ('nexus'): su -m $RUN_AS_USER -c "\"$REALPATH\" $2" which expands to su -m nexus -c '"/opt/nexus-2.0.2/bin/jsw/linux-x86-64/nexus" start' when adding the -x debug flag to the script. This command results in return code 1. It never executes - I've set -x debug flag on the script, placed echo commands with redirect to file at the start of script to trace, etc. I cannot get any output telling me why the command will not execute. I've tried appending redirect to file after the above script line, inside the quotes, outside, any way I could imagine. All info I can get is by inserting a line echo $? after the su line, which outputs '1'. Is there a way I can see what happens when the su command runs?

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• How do I get HDMI output working on a Dell XPS 15 L502x?

  - by Jones

  Recently I've bought my dream's notebook, a Dell XPS 15 but since then this dream became a kind of endless nightmare. I'm almost getting crazy to make my graphic card driver work properly, but it seems to be just impossible. Yes, I have a 2GB NVIDIA GeForce GT 540m (Optimus) in it! It simply doesn't work. Every time I generate the xorg.conf Ubuntu hangs on while starting up, which forces me to remove this file to be able to start the notebook with the standard graphic settings. Another problem is that the Dell XPS 15 does NOT have a VGA output, but a HDMI. So, to be able to use a second monitor I have to configure it by the NVIDIA X Server Settings, which just works if the driver is properly initialized with the xorg.conf. I've also tried to make it work with the Bumblebee, but unfortunately it didn't help me much with the HDMI output. Do you guys have any idea to solve this deadlock? Is there any way for me to use my second monitor?

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• How do I define an nmake macro from command line output?

  - by Mike Atlas

  I'd like to capture the output from a tool from the command line into an nmake macro. If this were a normal command line script, it would look like this: > MyTool.exe > output.txt > set /P MyVariable=<output.txt > echo %MyVariable% However, I can't seem to find anything relevant in the nmake doc on macros that is relevant. There is scant text on the web on nmake, unfortunately... This is basically what I'd like to do, though: target: @call MyTool.exe > output.txt # This doesn't work in .mak, unfortunately. Help! @MyVariable=<output.txt @echo $(MyVariable)

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• How do I define nmake macro from command line output?

  - by Mike Atlas

  I'd like to capture the output from a tool from the command line into an nmake macro. If this were a normal command line script, it would look like this: > MyTool.exe > output.txt > set /P MyVariable=<output.txt > echo %MyVariable% However, I can't seem to find anything relevant in the nmake doc on macros that is relevant. This is basically what I'd like to do, though: target: @call MyTool.exe > output.txt # This doesn't work in .mak, unfortunately. Help! @MyVariable=<output.txt

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• How can I change standart input/output of another program?

  - by Azad Salahli

  I have a console application written in c++. It simply reads an integer from standard input(keyboard) and writes another integer to standard output(screen). Now I want to give some tests to that program and check its answers using another program. In another words, I want to write electron judge for that program. I want that program(which I want to test) to read from file and write to file without changing source code. How can I do that. I tried assigning input&output to files before executing c++ program, but it did not worked. assign(input,'temp.in'); reset(input); assign(output,'temp.out'); rewrite(output); exec('domino.exe'); close(input); close(output);

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