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• Distributed cache and improvement

  - by philipl

  Have this question from interview: Web Service function given x static HashMap map (singleton created) if (!map.containsKey(x)) { perform some function to retrieve result y map.put(x, y); } return y; The interviewer asked general question such as what is wrong with this distributed cache implementation. Then asked how to improve on it, due to distributed servers will have different cached key pairs in the map. There are simple mistakes to be pointed out about synchronization and key object, but what really startled me was that this guy thinks that moving to database implementation solves the problem that different servers will have different map content, i.e., the situation when value x is not on server A but on server B, therefore redundant data has to be retrieved in server A. Does his thinking make any sense? (As I understand this is the basic cons for distributed cache against database model, seems he does not understand it at all) What is the typical solution for the cache growth issue (weak reference?) and sync issue (do not know which server has the key already cached - use load balancing)? Thanks

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• Are Promises/A a good event design pattern to implement even in synchronous languages like PHP?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have always kept an eye out for event systems when writing code in scripting languages. Web applications have a history of allowing the user to add plugins and modules whenever needed. In most PHP systems you have a global/singleton event object which all interested parties tie into and wait to be alerted to changes. Event::on('event_name', $callback); Recently more patterns like the observer have been used for things like jQuery. $(el).on('event', callback); Even PHP now has built in classes for it. class Blog extends SplSubject { public function save() { $this->notify(); } } Anyway, the Promises/A proposal has caught my eye. It is designed for asynchronous systems, but I'm wondering if it is also a good design to implement now that even synchronous languages like PHP are changing. Combining Dependency Injection with Promises/A seems it might be the best combination for handling events currently.

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• iOS NSError with global handler

  - by Sebastian Dressler

  I am in the beginning of programming an iOS app. Having read the Apple guides on how to deal with errors, I got the following most important points: Exceptions are for programmers Use NSError for the user Now, NSError is usually passed as out-argument which can then be used inside and has to be checked by the caller. However, I'm asking myself whether it is a good idea to use a global error handler, say a singleton which wraps around NSError and could be used to trigger errors and error handling from within the called function. Is there anything against that method or would it be a bad practice?

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• How to properly code in Unity? [on hold]

  - by Vincent B.

  I'm fairly new to Unity (yet I touched it and made a few proto with it) and I'd like to know how I'm supposed to work with it. I'm student in programming so I'm used to C/C++ with SDL/SFML, writing code and only using Input/Graphics/Network libs. I followed a few Unity guides and it was way more around drag & drop on scenes and a bit of scripting to activate it all, which disturbed me. So I fond a way to only use one GameObject and use a Singleton to launch code and display stuff (for 2d games at least). At the end of the day I make games not using "Instantiate" or such at all. Is it the right way ? Am I supposed to do this ? How much are your scenes populated (in a professional environment) ? When should I stop coding and start using the editor ?

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• BeansBinding Across Modules in a NetBeans Platform Application

  - by Geertjan

  Here's two TopComponents, each in a different NetBeans module. Let's use BeansBinding to synchronize the JTextField in TC2TopComponent with the data published by TC1TopComponent and received in TC2TopComponent by listening to the Lookup. The key to getting to the solution is to have the following in TC2TopComponent, which implements LookupListener: private BindingGroup bindingGroup = null; private AutoBinding binding = null; @Override public void resultChanged(LookupEvent le) { if (bindingGroup != null && binding != null) { bindingGroup.getBinding("customerNameBinding").unbind(); } if (!result.allInstances().isEmpty()){ Customer c = result.allInstances().iterator().next(); // put the customer into the lookup of this topcomponent, // so that it will remain in the lookup when focus changes // to this topcomponent: ic.set(Collections.singleton(c), null); bindingGroup = new BindingGroup(); binding = Bindings.createAutoBinding( // a two-way binding, i.e., a change in // one will cause a change in the other: AutoBinding.UpdateStrategy.READ_WRITE, // source: c, BeanProperty.create("name"), // target: jTextField1, BeanProperty.create("text"), // binding name: "customerNameBinding"); bindingGroup.addBinding(binding); bindingGroup.bind(); } } I must say that this solution is preferable over what I've been doing prior to getting to this solution: I would get the customer from the resultChanged, set a class-level field to that customer, add a document listener (or action listener, which is invoked when Enter is pressed) on the text field and, when a change is detected, set the new value on the customer. All that is not needed with the above bit of code. Then, in the node, make sure to use canRename, setName, and getDisplayName, so that when the user presses F2 on a node, the display name can be changed. In other words, when the user types something different in the node display name after pressing F2, the underlying customer name is changed, which happens, in the first place, because the customer name is bound to the text field's value, so that the text field's value will also change once enter is pressed on the changed node display name. Also set a PropertyChangeListener on the node (which implies you need to add property change support to the customer object), so that when the customer object changes (which happens, in the second place, via a change in the value of the text field, as defined in the binding defined above), the node display name is updated. In other words, there's still a bit of plumbing you need to include. But less than before and the nasty class-level field for storing the customer in the TC2TopComponent is no longer needed. And a listener on the text field, with a property change listener implented on the TC2TopComponent, isn't needed either. On the other hand, it's more code than I was using before and I've had to include the BeansBinding JAR, which adds a bit of overhead to my application, without much additional functionality over what I was doing originally. I'd lean towards not doing things this way. Seems quite expensive for essentially replacing a listener on a text field and a property change listener implemented on the TC2TopComponent for being notified of changes to the customer so that the text field can be updated. On the other other hand, it's kind of nice that all this listening-related code is centralized in one place now. So, here's a nice improvement over the above. Instead of listening for a customer, listen for a node, from which the customer can be obtained. Then, bind the node display name to the text field's value, so that when the user types in the text field, the node display name is updated. That saves you from having to listen in the node for changes to the customer's name. In addition to that binding, keep the previous binding, because the previous binding connects the customer name to the text field, so that when the customer display name is changed via F2 on the node, the text field will be updated. private BindingGroup bindingGroup = null; private AutoBinding nodeUpdateBinding; private AutoBinding textFieldUpdateBinding; @Override public void resultChanged(LookupEvent le) { if (bindingGroup != null && textFieldUpdateBinding != null) { bindingGroup.getBinding("textFieldUpdateBinding").unbind(); } if (bindingGroup != null && nodeUpdateBinding != null) { bindingGroup.getBinding("nodeUpdateBinding").unbind(); } if (!result.allInstances().isEmpty()) { Node n = result.allInstances().iterator().next(); Customer c = n.getLookup().lookup(Customer.class); ic.set(Collections.singleton(n), null); bindingGroup = new BindingGroup(); nodeUpdateBinding = Bindings.createAutoBinding( AutoBinding.UpdateStrategy.READ_WRITE, n, BeanProperty.create("name"), jTextField1, BeanProperty.create("text"), "nodeUpdateBinding"); bindingGroup.addBinding(nodeUpdateBinding); textFieldUpdateBinding = Bindings.createAutoBinding( AutoBinding.UpdateStrategy.READ_WRITE, c, BeanProperty.create("name"), jTextField1, BeanProperty.create("text"), "textFieldUpdateBinding"); bindingGroup.addBinding(textFieldUpdateBinding); bindingGroup.bind(); } } Now my node has no property change listener, while the customer has no property change support. As in the first bit of code, the text field doesn't have a listener either. All that listening is taken care of by the BeansBinding code.  Thanks to Toni for help with this, though he can't be blamed for anything that is wrong with it, only thanked for anything that is right with it. 

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• Using PDO for Data Management

  - by edorahg

  This question is more a design oriented question than a code specific question. I am new to PHP and I am planning to use PDO as a data access layer. Say for instance I have a class called CITY. Now if I need to create an instance of this class, what is the best technique. Should have a singleton DB access class which is used to write and read data from the db layer. OR should I delegate it to the individual class object. For example if I invoke city.save() (city is a class), then the city class will handle the saving of that city object's data into the database. Excuse my ignorance but i have a java background and therefore trying to understand what is the best design principle for data management when using php.

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• Hibernate/Spring: failed to lazily initialize - no session or session was closed

  - by Niko

  I know something similar has been asked already, but unfortunately I wasn't able to find a reliable answer - even with searching for over 2 days. The basic problem is the same as asked multiple time. I have a simple program with two POJOs Event and User - where a user can have multiple events. @Entity @Table public class Event { private Long id; private String name; private User user; @Column @Id @GeneratedValue public Long getId() {return id;} public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } @Column public String getName() {return name;} public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;} @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="user_id") public User getUser() {return user;} public void setUser(User user) {this.user = user;} } @Entity @Table public class User { private Long id; private String name; private List events; @Column @Id @GeneratedValue public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } @Column public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @OneToMany(mappedBy="user", fetch=FetchType.LAZY) public List getEvents() { return events; } public void setEvents(List events) { this.events = events; } } Note: This is a sample project. I really want to use Lazy fetching here. I use spring and hibernate and have a simple basic-db.xml for loading: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd" <bean id="myDataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" scope="thread" <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" / <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.34:3306/hibernateTest" / <property name="username" value="root" / <property name="password" value="" / <aop:scoped-proxy/ </bean <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomScopeConfigurer" <property name="scopes" <map <entry key="thread" <bean class="org.springframework.context.support.SimpleThreadScope" / </entry </map </property </bean <bean id="mySessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" scope="thread" <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" / <property name="annotatedClasses" <list <valuedata.model.User</value <valuedata.model.Event</value </list </property <property name="hibernateProperties" <props <prop key="hibernate.dialect"org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop <prop key="hibernate.show_sql"true</prop <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"create</prop </props </property <aop:scoped-proxy/ </bean <bean id="myUserDAO" class="data.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" <property name="sessionFactory" ref="mySessionFactory" / </bean <bean id="myEventDAO" class="data.dao.impl.EventDaoImpl" <property name="sessionFactory" ref="mySessionFactory" / </bean </beans Note: I played around with the CustomScopeConfigurer and SimpleThreadScope, but that didnt change anything. I have a simple dao-impl (only pasting the userDao - the EventDao is pretty much the same - except with out the "listWith" function: public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{ private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate; public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.hibernateTemplate = new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Override public List listUser() { return hibernateTemplate.find("from User"); } @Override public void saveUser(User user) { hibernateTemplate.saveOrUpdate(user); } @Override public List listUserWithEvent() { List users = hibernateTemplate.find("from User"); for (User user : users) { System.out.println("LIST : " + user.getName() + ":"); user.getEvents().size(); } return users; } } I am getting the org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException - failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: data.model.User.events, no session or session was closed at the line with user.getEvents().size(); And last but not least here is the Test class I use: public class HibernateTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("basic-db.xml"); UserDao udao = (UserDao) ac.getBean("myUserDAO"); EventDao edao = (EventDao) ac.getBean("myEventDAO"); System.out.println("New user..."); User user = new User(); user.setName("test"); Event event1 = new Event(); event1.setName("Birthday1"); event1.setUser(user); Event event2 = new Event(); event2.setName("Birthday2"); event2.setUser(user); udao.saveUser(user); edao.saveEvent(event1); edao.saveEvent(event2); List users = udao.listUserWithEvent(); System.out.println("Events for users"); for (User u : users) { System.out.println(u.getId() + ":" + u.getName() + " --"); for (Event e : u.getEvents()) { System.out.println("\t" + e.getId() + ":" + e.getName()); } } ((ConfigurableApplicationContext)ac).close(); } } and here is the Exception I get: 1621 [main] ERROR org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException - failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: data.model.User.events, no session or session was closed org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: data.model.User.events, no session or session was closed at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:380) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationExceptionIfNotConnected(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:372) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.readSize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:119) at org.hibernate.collection.PersistentBag.size(PersistentBag.java:248) at data.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl.listUserWithEvent(UserDaoImpl.java:38) at HibernateTest.main(HibernateTest.java:44) Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: data.model.User.events, no session or session was closed at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationException(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:380) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.throwLazyInitializationExceptionIfNotConnected(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:372) at org.hibernate.collection.AbstractPersistentCollection.readSize(AbstractPersistentCollection.java:119) at org.hibernate.collection.PersistentBag.size(PersistentBag.java:248) at data.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl.listUserWithEvent(UserDaoImpl.java:38) at HibernateTest.main(HibernateTest.java:44) Things I tried but did not work: assign a threadScope and using beanfactory (I used "request" or "thread" - no difference noticed): // scope stuff Scope threadScope = new SimpleThreadScope(); ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = ac.getBeanFactory(); beanFactory.registerScope("request", threadScope); ac.refresh(); ... Setting up a transaction by getting the session object from the deo: ... Transaction tx = ((UserDaoImpl)udao).getSession().beginTransaction(); tx.begin(); users = udao.listUserWithEvent(); ... getting a transaction within the listUserWithEvent() public List listUserWithEvent() { SessionFactory sf = hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory(); Session s = sf.openSession(); Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction(); tx.begin(); List users = hibernateTemplate.find("from User"); for (User user : users) { System.out.println("LIST : " + user.getName() + ":"); user.getEvents().size(); } tx.commit(); return users; } I am really out of ideas by now. Also, using the listUser or listEvent just work fine.

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• spring mvc 3.0 small web application not quite working

  - by lurscher

  Hi, i'm creating a very simple (hello World quality) web application using spring mvc 3.0. when deploying the application on tomcat 6.0.26 and i try to open http://localhost:8080/protoweb/helloWorld.html i get 404, resource /protoweb/WEB-INF/jsp/helloWorld.jsp is not available. The funny thing is that there IS a helloWorld.jsp in there. any idea what i'm doing wrong? here is my web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>hello-spring3-RC1</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/yummy-servlet.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>yummy</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>yummy</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> my yummy-servlet.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mine.web.controllers"/> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans> my very simple controller: package com.mine.web.controllers; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class BasicController { @RequestMapping(value = "/helloWorld") public ModelAndView helloWorld() { ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView(); mav.setViewName("helloWorld"); mav.addObject("message", "Hello some basic message for u"); return mav; } } and my webapp/jsp/helloWorld.jsp <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Hello</title> </head> <body> ${message} </body> </html> also, it might be helpful to post my pom.xml <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mine</groupId> <artifactId>protoweb</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>protoweb Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <repositories> <repository> <id>springsource maven repo</id> <url>http://maven.springframework.org/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.0.0.RC1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>protoweb</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <configurationDir>tomcat</configurationDir> <url>http://localhost:8080/manager</url> <username>test</username> <password>test</password> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

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• Diving into OpenStack Network Architecture - Part 2 - Basic Use Cases

  - by Ronen Kofman

    rkofman Normal rkofman 4 138 2014-06-05T03:38:00Z 2014-06-05T05:04:00Z 3 2735 15596 Oracle Corporation 129 36 18295 12.00 Clean Clean false false false false EN-US X-NONE HE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} In the previous post we reviewed several network components including Open vSwitch, Network Namespaces, Linux Bridges and veth pairs. In this post we will take three simple use cases and see how those basic components come together to create a complete SDN solution in OpenStack. With those three use cases we will review almost the entire network setup and see how all the pieces work together. The use cases we will use are: 1.       Create network – what happens when we create network and how can we create multiple isolated networks 2.       Launch a VM – once we have networks we can launch VMs and connect them to networks. 3.       DHCP request from a VM – OpenStack can automatically assign IP addresses to VMs. This is done through local DHCP service controlled by OpenStack Neutron. We will see how this service runs and how does a DHCP request and response look like. In this post we will show connectivity, we will see how packets get from point A to point B. We first focus on how a configured deployment looks like and only later we will discuss how and when the configuration is created. Personally I found it very valuable to see the actual interfaces and how they connect to each other through examples and hands on experiments. After the end game is clear and we know how the connectivity works, in a later post, we will take a step back and explain how Neutron configures the components to be able to provide such connectivity.  We are going to get pretty technical shortly and I recommend trying these examples on your own deployment or using the Oracle OpenStack Tech Preview. Understanding these three use cases thoroughly and how to look at them will be very helpful when trying to debug a deployment in case something does not work. Use case #1: Create Network Create network is a simple operation it can be performed from the GUI or command line. When we create a network in OpenStack the network is only available to the tenant who created it or it could be defined as “shared” and then it can be used by all tenants. A network can have multiple subnets but for this demonstration purpose and for simplicity we will assume that each network has exactly one subnet. Creating a network from the command line will look like this: # neutron net-create net1 Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field                     | Value                                | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up            | True                                 | | id                        | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c | | name                      | net1                                 | | provider:network_type     | vlan                                 | | provider:physical_network | default                              | | provider:segmentation_id  | 1000                                 | | shared                    | False                                | | status                    | ACTIVE                               | | subnets                   |                                      | | tenant_id                 | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f     | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ Creating a subnet for this network will look like this: # neutron subnet-create net1 10.10.10.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Field            | Value                                          | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.10.10.2", "end": "10.10.10.254"} | | cidr             | 10.10.10.0/24                                  | | dns_nameservers  |                                                | | enable_dhcp      | True                                           | | gateway_ip       | 10.10.10.1                                     | | host_routes      |                                                | | id               | 2d7a0a58-0674-439a-ad23-d6471aaae9bc           | | ip_version       | 4                                              | | name             |                                                | | network_id       | 5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c           | | tenant_id        | 9796e5145ee546508939cd49ad59d51f               | +------------------+------------------------------------------------+ We now have a network and a subnet, on the network topology view this looks like this: Now let’s dive in and see what happened under the hood. Looking at the control node we will discover that a new namespace was created: # ip netns list qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c   The name of the namespace is qdhcp-<network id> (see above), let’s look into the namespace and see what’s in it: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo     inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 12: tap26c9b807-7c: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/ether fa:16:3e:1d:5c:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 10.10.10.3/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global tap26c9b807-7c     inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe1d:5c81/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever   We see two interfaces in the namespace, one is the loopback and the other one is an interface called “tap26c9b807-7c”. This interface has the IP address of 10.10.10.3 and it will also serve dhcp requests in a way we will see later. Let’s trace the connectivity of the “tap26c9b807-7c” interface from the namespace.  First stop is OVS, we see that the interface connects to bridge  “br-int” on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 8a069c7c-ea05-4375-93e2-b9fc9e4b3ca1     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2"                 type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"     Bridge br-ex         Port br-ex             Interface br-ex                 type: internal     Bridge br-int         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port "tap26c9b807-7c"             tag: 1             Interface "tap26c9b807-7c"                 type: internal         Port br-int             Interface br-int                 type: internal     ovs_version: "1.11.0"   In the picture above we have a veth pair which has two ends called “int-br-eth2” and "phy-br-eth2", this veth pair is used to connect two bridge in OVS "br-eth2" and "br-int". In the previous post we explained how to check the veth connectivity using the ethtool command. It shows that the two are indeed a pair: # ethtool -S int-br-eth2 NIC statistics:      peer_ifindex: 10 . .   #ip link . . 10: phy-br-eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 . . Note that “phy-br-eth2” is connected to a bridge called "br-eth2" and one of this bridge's interfaces is the physical link eth2. This means that the network which we have just created has created a namespace which is connected to the physical interface eth2. eth2 is the “VM network” the physical interface where all the virtual machines connect to where all the VMs are connected. About network isolation: OpenStack supports creation of multiple isolated networks and can use several mechanisms to isolate the networks from one another. The isolation mechanism can be VLANs, VxLANs or GRE tunnels, this is configured as part of the initial setup in our deployment we use VLANs. When using VLAN tagging as an isolation mechanism a VLAN tag is allocated by Neutron from a pre-defined VLAN tags pool and assigned to the newly created network. By provisioning VLAN tags to the networks Neutron allows creation of multiple isolated networks on the same physical link.  The big difference between this and other platforms is that the user does not have to deal with allocating and managing VLANs to networks. The VLAN allocation and provisioning is handled by Neutron which keeps track of the VLAN tags, and responsible for allocating and reclaiming VLAN tags. In the example above net1 has the VLAN tag 1000, this means that whenever a VM is created and connected to this network the packets from that VM will have to be tagged with VLAN tag 1000 to go on this particular network. This is true for namespace as well, if we would like to connect a namespace to a particular network we have to make sure that the packets to and from the namespace are correctly tagged when they reach the VM network. In the example above we see that the namespace interface “tap26c9b807-7c” has vlan tag 1 assigned to it, if we examine OVS we see that it has flows which modify VLAN tag 1 to VLAN tag 1000 when a packet goes to the VM network on eth2 and vice versa. We can see this using the dump-flows command on OVS for packets going to the VM network we see the modification done on br-eth2: #  ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-eth2 NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):  cookie=0x0, duration=18669.401s, table=0, n_packets=857, n_bytes=163350, idle_age=25, priority=4,in_port=2,dl_vlan=1 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1000,NORMAL  cookie=0x0, duration=165108.226s, table=0, n_packets=14, n_bytes=1000, idle_age=5343, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=2 actions=drop  cookie=0x0, duration=165109.813s, table=0, n_packets=1671, n_bytes=213304, idle_age=25, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL   For packets coming from the interface to the namespace we see the following modification: #  ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):  cookie=0x0, duration=18690.876s, table=0, n_packets=1610, n_bytes=210752, idle_age=1, priority=3,in_port=1,dl_vlan=1000 actions=mod_vlan_vid:1,NORMAL  cookie=0x0, duration=165130.01s, table=0, n_packets=75, n_bytes=3686, idle_age=4212, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop  cookie=0x0, duration=165131.96s, table=0, n_packets=863, n_bytes=160727, idle_age=1, hard_age=65534, priority=1 actions=NORMAL   To summarize we can see that when a user creates a network Neutron creates a namespace and this namespace is connected through OVS to the “VM network”. OVS also takes care of tagging the packets from the namespace to the VM network with the correct VLAN tag and knows to modify the VLAN for packets coming from VM network to the namespace. Now let’s see what happens when a VM is launched and how it is connected to the “VM network”. Use case #2: Launch a VM Launching a VM can be done from Horizon or from the command line this is how we do it from Horizon: Attach the network: And Launch Once the virtual machine is up and running we can see the associated IP using the nova list command : # nova list +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | ID                                   | Name         | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks        | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ | 3707ac87-4f5d-4349-b7ed-3a673f55e5e1 | Oracle Linux | ACTIVE | None       | Running     | net1=10.10.10.2 | +--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------+ The nova list command shows us that the VM is running and that the IP 10.10.10.2 is assigned to this VM. Let’s trace the connectivity from the VM to VM network on eth2 starting with the VM definition file. The configuration files of the VM including the virtual disk(s), in case of ephemeral storage, are stored on the compute node at/var/lib/nova/instances/<instance-id>/. Looking into the VM definition file ,libvirt.xml,  we see that the VM is connected to an interface called “tap53903a95-82” which is connected to a Linux bridge called “qbr53903a95-82”: <interface type="bridge">       <mac address="fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87"/>       <source bridge="qbr53903a95-82"/>       <target dev="tap53903a95-82"/>     </interface>   Looking at the bridge using the brctl show command we see this: # brctl show bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces qbr53903a95-82          8000.7e7f3282b836       no              qvb53903a95-82                                                         tap53903a95-82    The bridge has two interfaces, one connected to the VM (“tap53903a95-82 “) and another one ( “qvb53903a95-82”) connected to “br-int” bridge on OVS: # ovs-vsctl show 83c42f80-77e9-46c8-8560-7697d76de51c     Bridge "br-eth2"         Port "br-eth2"             Interface "br-eth2"                 type: internal         Port "eth2"             Interface "eth2"         Port "phy-br-eth2"             Interface "phy-br-eth2"     Bridge br-int         Port br-int             Interface br-int                 type: internal         Port "int-br-eth2"             Interface "int-br-eth2"         Port "qvo53903a95-82"             tag: 3             Interface "qvo53903a95-82"     ovs_version: "1.11.0"   As we showed earlier “br-int” is connected to “br-eth2” on OVS using the veth pair int-br-eth2,phy-br-eth2 and br-eth2 is connected to the physical interface eth2. The whole flow end to end looks like this: VM è tap53903a95-82 (virtual interface)è qbr53903a95-82 (Linux bridge) è qvb53903a95-82 (interface connected from Linux bridge to OVS bridge br-int) è int-br-eth2 (veth one end) è phy-br-eth2 (veth the other end) è eth2 physical interface. The purpose of the Linux Bridge connecting to the VM is to allow security group enforcement with iptables. Security groups are enforced at the edge point which are the interface of the VM, since iptables nnot be applied to OVS bridges we use Linux bridge to apply them. In the future we hope to see this Linux Bridge going away rules.  VLAN tags: As we discussed in the first use case net1 is using VLAN tag 1000, looking at OVS above we see that qvo41f1ebcf-7c is tagged with VLAN tag 3. The modification from VLAN tag 3 to 1000 as we go to the physical network is done by OVS  as part of the packet flow of br-eth2 in the same way we showed before. To summarize, when a VM is launched it is connected to the VM network through a chain of elements as described here. During the packet from VM to the network and back the VLAN tag is modified. Use case #3: Serving a DHCP request coming from the virtual machine In the previous use cases we have shown that both the namespace called dhcp-<some id> and the VM end up connecting to the physical interface eth2  on their respective nodes, both will tag their packets with VLAN tag 1000.We saw that the namespace has an interface with IP of 10.10.10.3. Since the VM and the namespace are connected to each other and have interfaces on the same subnet they can ping each other, in this picture we see a ping from the VM which was assigned 10.10.10.2 to the namespace: The fact that they are connected and can ping each other can become very handy when something doesn’t work right and we need to isolate the problem. In such case knowing that we should be able to ping from the VM to the namespace and back can be used to trace the disconnect using tcpdump or other monitoring tools. To serve DHCP requests coming from VMs on the network Neutron uses a Linux tool called “dnsmasq”,this is a lightweight DNS and DHCP service you can read more about it here. If we look at the dnsmasq on the control node with the ps command we see this: dnsmasq --no-hosts --no-resolv --strict-order --bind-interfaces --interface=tap26c9b807-7c --except-interface=lo --pid-file=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/pid --dhcp-hostsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host --dhcp-optsfile=/var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/opts --leasefile-ro --dhcp-range=tag0,10.10.10.0,static,120s --dhcp-lease-max=256 --conf-file= --domain=openstacklocal The service connects to the tap interface in the namespace (“--interface=tap26c9b807-7c”), If we look at the hosts file we see this: # cat  /var/lib/neutron/dhcp/5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c/host fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87,host-10-10-10-2.openstacklocal,10.10.10.2   If you look at the console output above you can see the MAC address fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87 which is the VM MAC. This MAC address is mapped to IP 10.10.10.2 and so when a DHCP request comes with this MAC dnsmasq will return the 10.10.10.2.If we look into the namespace at the time we initiate a DHCP request from the VM (this can be done by simply restarting the network service in the VM) we see the following: # ip netns exec qdhcp-5f833617-6179-4797-b7c0-7d420d84040c tcpdump -n 19:27:12.191280 IP 0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from fa:16:3e:fe:c7:87, length 310 19:27:12.191666 IP 10.10.10.3.bootps > 10.10.10.2.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 325   To summarize, the DHCP service is handled by dnsmasq which is configured by Neutron to listen to the interface in the DHCP namespace. Neutron also configures dnsmasq with the combination of MAC and IP so when a DHCP request comes along it will receive the assigned IP. Summary In this post we relied on the components described in the previous post and saw how network connectivity is achieved using three simple use cases. These use cases gave a good view of the entire network stack and helped understand how an end to end connection is being made between a VM on a compute node and the DHCP namespace on the control node. One conclusion we can draw from what we saw here is that if we launch a VM and it is able to perform a DHCP request and receive a correct IP then there is reason to believe that the network is working as expected. We saw that a packet has to travel through a long list of components before reaching its destination and if it has done so successfully this means that many components are functioning properly. In the next post we will look at some more sophisticated services Neutron supports and see how they work. We will see that while there are some more components involved for the most part the concepts are the same. @RonenKofman

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• Linux IPTables / routing issue

  - by Jon

  Hi all, EDIT 1/3/10 22:00 GMT - rewrote some of it after further investigation It has been a while since I looked at IPtables and I seem to be worse than before as I can not seem to get my webserver online. Below is my firewall rules on the gateway server that is running the dhcp server accessing the net. The webserver is inside my network on a static IP (192.168.0.98, default port). When I use Nmap or GRC.com I see that port 80 is open on the gateway server but when I browse to it, (via public URL. http://www.houseofhawkins.com) it always fails with a connection error, (nmap cannot connect and figure out what the web server is either). I can nmap the webserver and browse to it just fine via same IP inside my network. I believe it is my IPTable rules that are not letting it through. Internally I can route all my requests. Each machine can browse to the website and traffic works just fine. I can MSTSC / ssh to all the webservers internally and they inturn can connect to the web. IPTABLE: *EDIT - Added new firewall rules 2/3/10 * #!/bin/sh iptables="/sbin/iptables" modprobe="/sbin/modprobe" depmod="/sbin/depmod" EXTIF="eth2" INTIF="eth1" load () { $depmod -a $modprobe ip_tables $modprobe ip_conntrack $modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp $modprobe ip_conntrack_irc $modprobe iptable_nat $modprobe ip_nat_ftp echo "enable forwarding.." echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward echo "enable dynamic addr" echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr # start firewall # default policies $iptables -P INPUT DROP $iptables -F INPUT $iptables -P OUTPUT DROP $iptables -F OUTPUT $iptables -P FORWARD DROP $iptables -F FORWARD $iptables -t nat -F #echo " Opening loopback interface for socket based services." $iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT #echo " Allow all connections OUT and only existing and related ones IN" $iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -j ACCEPT $iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -o $EXTIF -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT $iptables -A FORWARD -i $EXTIF -o $INTIF -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT $iptables -A FORWARD -i $INTIF -o $EXTIF -j ACCEPT $iptables -A FORWARD -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix "Dropped by firewall: " $iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix "Dropped by firewall: " $iptables -A OUTPUT -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix "Dropped by firewall: " #echo " Enabling SNAT (MASQUERADE) functionality on $EXTIF" $iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $EXTIF -j MASQUERADE $iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -o $INTIF -j ACCEPT #echo " Allowing packets with ICMP data (i.e. ping)." $iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT $iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i $INTIF --dport 67 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT #echo " Port 137 is for NetBIOS." $iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -p udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -o $INTIF -p udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT #echo " Opening port 53 for DNS queries." $iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i $EXTIF --sport 53 -j ACCEPT #echo " opening Apache webserver" $iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -i $EXTIF -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.0.96:80 $iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -m state --state NEW -d 192.168.0.96 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT } flush () { echo "flushing rules..." $iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT $iptables -F INPUT $iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT echo "rules flushed" } case "$1" in start|restart) flush load ;; stop) flush ;; *) echo "usage: start|stop|restart." ;; esac exit 0 route info: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 5e0412a6.bb.sky * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default 5e0412a6.bb.sky 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth2 ifconfig: eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:b0:cf:4a:1c inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::222:b0ff:fecf:4a1c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:79023 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:57786 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:11580918 (11.5 MB) TX bytes:22872030 (22.8 MB) Interrupt:17 Base address:0x2b00 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:f1:7c:45:5b inet addr:94.4.18.166 Bcast:94.4.18.166 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:f1ff:fe7c:455b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:57038 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:34532 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:21631721 (21.6 MB) TX bytes:7685444 (7.6 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1517 (1.5 KB) TX bytes:1517 (1.5 KB) EDIT OK so as requested I will try and expand on my infrastructure: I previously had it setup with a Sky broadband modem router that did the DHCP and I used its web interface to port forward the web across to the web server. The network looked something like this: I have now replaced the sky modem with a dlink modem which gives the IP to the gateway server that now does the DHCP. It looks like: The internet connection is a standard broadband connection with a dynamic IP, (use zoneedit.com to keep it updated). I have tried it on each of the webservers(one Ubuntu Apache server and one WS2008 IIS7). I think there must also be an issue with my IPTable rules as it can route to my win7 box which has the default IIS7 page and that would not display when I forwarded all port 80 to it. I would be really grateful for any and all help with this. Thanks Jon

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• OpenVPN on Ubuntu 11.10 - unable to redirect default gateway

  - by Vladimir Kadalashvili

  I'm trying to connect to connect to OpenVPN server from my Ubuntu 11.10 machine. I use the following command to do it (under root user): openvpn --config /home/vladimir/client.ovpn Everything seems to be OK, it connects normally without any warnings and errors, but when I try to browse the internet I see that I still use my own IP address, so VPN connection doesn't work. When I run openvpn command, it displays the following message among others: NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway -- Cannot read current default gateway from system I think it's the cause of this problem, but unfortunately I don't know how to fix it. Below is full output of openvpn command: Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 OpenVPN 2.2.0 x86_64-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Jul 4 2011 Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Control Channel Authentication: tls-auth using INLINE static key file Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 LZO compression initialized Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[126976->200000] S=[126976->200000] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '504e774e' Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '14168603' Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194 Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194, sid=13fd921b b42072ab Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /CN=OpenVPN_CA Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /CN=OpenVPN_Server Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 [OpenVPN_Server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 SENT CONTROL [OpenVPN_Server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,explicit-exit-notify,topology subnet,route-delay 5 30,dhcp-pre-release,dhcp-renew,dhcp-release,route-metric 101,ping 5,ping-restart 40,redirect-gateway def1,redirect-gateway bypass-dhcp,redirect-gateway autolocal,route-gateway 5.5.0.1,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4,register-dns,comp-lzo yes,ifconfig 5.5.117.43 255.255.0.0' Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:4: dhcp-pre-release (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:5: dhcp-renew (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:6: dhcp-release (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:16: register-dns (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: explicit notify parm(s) modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: LZO parms modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 ROUTE: default_gateway=UNDEF Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 5.5.117.43 netmask 255.255.0.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 5.5.255.255 Sat Jun 9 23:51:45 2012 NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway -- Cannot read current default gateway from system Sat Jun 9 23:51:45 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed Output of route command: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default * 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 5.5.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tun0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 stream-ts1.net. * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 Output of ifconfig command: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:62:6d:44:0d:12 inet6 addr: fe80::6e62:6dff:fe44:d12/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:54594 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59897 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:44922107 (44.9 MB) TX bytes:8839969 (8.8 MB) Interrupt:41 Base address:0x8000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:4561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:685425 (685.4 KB) TX bytes:685425 (685.4 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:213.206.63.44 P-t-P:213.206.34.4 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:53577 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:58892 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:43667387 (43.6 MB) TX bytes:7504776 (7.5 MB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:5.5.117.43 P-t-P:5.5.117.43 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:27:19:f6:b5:cf inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::227:19ff:fef6:b5cf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12079 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:11178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1483691 (1.4 MB) TX bytes:4307899 (4.3 MB) So my question is - how to make OpenVPN redirect default gateway? Thanks!

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• Ubuntu, No wireless networks found after correctly installed madwifi

  - by Peter

  Hi, I just installed madwifi on my MSI laptop with an Atheros AR5001 wifi card & Lucid. As far as I can see and according to System - Administration - Hardware drivers the install was successful and the card + driver is up and running. However, I don't see any wireless network (my windows PC can see about 5 wireless networks). I tried it with the network manager applet as well as with wicd. If I try to connect to "Hidden Wireless Network" via nm-applet, it will start to connect for a while but is unable too (although I supply it with the correct WEP settings & key) So, I'm unable to use my wireless network. What am i doing wrong? Some information about my system: iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:17 dBm Sensitivity=1/1 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/70 Signal level=-96 dBm Noise level=-96 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 pan0 no wireless extensions. ifconfig ath0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca inet6 addr: fe80::215:afff:fecf:e2ca/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:85:4d:82:78 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::221:85ff:fe4d:8278/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3940261 (3.9 MB) TX bytes:525218 (525.2 KB) Interrupt:27 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:720 (720.0 B) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B) wifi0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-15-AF-CF-E2-CA-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3497 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:280 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:179947 (179.9 KB) Interrupt:16 lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wifi0 version: 01 serial: 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath_pci latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g resources: irq:16 memory:fd7f0000-fd7fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 01 serial: 00:21:85:4d:82:78 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.2.101 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:27 ioport:c800(size=256) memory:fe2ff000-fe2fffff memory:fe2c0000-fe2dffff(prefetchable) lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (Internal gfx) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc Device 7914 00:06.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 3) 00:12.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 Non-Raid-5 SATA 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI0) 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI1) 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI2) 00:13.3 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI3) 00:13.4 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI4) 00:13.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB Controller (EHCI) 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 14) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 IDE 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 PCI to LPC Bridge 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RS690M [Radeon X1200 Series] 01:05.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon X1200 Series Audio Controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 01) 06:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ711MP1/MS1 MemoryCardBus Controller (rev 21) 06:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.3 Bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.4 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) less /proc/modules | grep ath ath_rate_sample 11476 1 - Live 0xf812b000 ath_pci 193197 0 - Live 0xf85c3000 wlan 222892 5 wlan_wep,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8537000 ath_hal 398604 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8480000 I've been at this for hours now, also tried ndiswrapper and ath5k drivers with no luck, and really could use some help. Cheers.

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• How to use CLEAR USB internet connection in Ubuntu (host) and WindowsXP (guest) using VirtualBox

  - by bithacker

  I'm trying to use CLEAR Motorola WiMax USB in Ubuntu as there is no support for linux as yet. I've installed windowsxp as guest in ubuntu and the version I'm using is 3.2.2. USB is connecting fine in WindowsXP but I can't use internet in Ubuntu. Can you please tell me how to do it. Here is the configuration that could help you guys. Thanks in advance. I'm using Two Network Adapters. Network Adapter 1: PCnet-FAST III (NAT) Adapter 2: PCnet-FAST III (Host-only adapter, 'vboxnet0') ipconfig [on Guest windowsXP] Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: PCnet-FAST III (NAT) Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.2.15 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.2.2 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: PCnet-FAST III (Host-only adapter, 'vboxnet0') Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.56.101 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : CLEAR Motorola USB IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.168.242.33 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.192.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.168.192.2 IFCONFIG [on Host Ubuntu] (Ethernet) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:14:22:b9:9d:76 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 eth1 (Wireless) Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:ce:f0:9b:0d inet6 addr: fe80::213:ceff:fef0:9b0d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:5 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:84 (84.0 B) Interrupt:17 Base address:0xe000 Memory:dfcff000-dfcfffff lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:2292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:171952 (171.9 KB) TX bytes:171952 (171.9 KB) vboxnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.56.1 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::800:27ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:137 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:21174 (21.1 KB)

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• Crossover LAN connection between Ubuntu And Windows 7 is not working

  - by brett

  my question is closely related to: How do I connect Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7 with an Ethernet cable? What I am after is: Windows 7-------wireless-----\ Wifi router Ubuntu 10.04----wireless-----/ Windows 7-------wireless-----\ | cross_over_cable Wifi router | Ubuntu 10.04----wireless-----/ What I did was On Windows edit system32\drivers\etc\hosts Add the following line: 192.168.253.2 my_ubuntu_computer_name_&-wired //?not sure if this is right On Ubuntu: sudo gedit /etc/hosts Add the following line: 192.168.253.1 my_pc_computer_name&-wired //?not sure if this is right and then Ubuntu 12.04 as the host Right click on the Network Manager applet, click Edit Connections... In the Wired tab, click Auto eth0, then click Edit... In the IPv4 Settings tab, change Method: to Shared to other computers. Click Apply and enter your password when it asks you. Close everything and reboot. Plug the Ethernet cable into both computers. But, I can connect to my windows network folders from ubuntu via wifi I can't connect to my ubuntu network folders from windows via wifi(in fact this bit was working before - so my wifi connection is worse) my ubuntu Auto Ethernet seems to be on From Ubuntu eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:2f:f3:43:8d inet addr:10.42.0.1 Bcast:10.42.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::211:2fff:fef3:438d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:172 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:27279 (27.2 KB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0xe400 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1147 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1147 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:94380 (94.3 KB) TX bytes:94380 (94.3 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:03:c9:e9:6f:bf inet addr:10.1.1.7 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::203:c9ff:fee9:6fbf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:13186 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1598882 (1.5 MB) TX bytes:1189555 (1.1 MB) From Windows: Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : BoB Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::ecf7:c445:3725:b9c1%12 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.4 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.1 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 15: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:4137:9e76:1423:3ae3:f5fe:fefb Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::1423:3ae3:f5fe:fefb%23 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : :: Tunnel adapter isatap.BoB: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : BoB Tunnel adapter isatap.{D0C8EBA1-335D-4620-8570-6C36E8786D72}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :

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• How to use CLEAR USB WiMax in Ubuntu (host) and Windows XP (guest) using VirtualBox

  - by bithacker

  I'm trying to use CLEAR Motorola WiMax USB in Ubuntu as there is no support for Linux as yet. I've installed Windows XP as guest in Ubuntu and the version I'm using is 3.2.2. USB is connecting fine in Windows XP but I can't use internet in Ubuntu. Can you please tell me how to do it. Here is the configuration that could help you guys. Thanks in advance. I'm using Two Network Adapters. Network Adapter 1: PCnet-FAST III (NAT) Adapter 2: PCnet-FAST III (Host-only adapter, 'vboxnet0') ipconfig [on Guest windowsXP] Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: PCnet-FAST III (NAT) Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.2.15 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.2.2 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: PCnet-FAST III (Host-only adapter, 'vboxnet0') Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.56.101 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : CLEAR Motorola USB IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.168.242.33 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.192.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.168.192.2 IFCONFIG [on Host Ubuntu] (Ethernet) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:14:22:b9:9d:76 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 eth1 (Wireless) Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:ce:f0:9b:0d inet6 addr: fe80::213:ceff:fef0:9b0d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:5 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:84 (84.0 B) Interrupt:17 Base address:0xe000 Memory:dfcff000-dfcfffff lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:2292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2292 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:171952 (171.9 KB) TX bytes:171952 (171.9 KB) vboxnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.56.1 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::800:27ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:137 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:21174 (21.1 KB)

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• Exam 70-480 Study Material: Programming in HTML5 with JavaScript and CSS3

  - by Stacy Vicknair

  Here’s a list of sources of information for the different elements that comprise the 70-480 exam: General Resources http://www.w3schools.com (As pointed out in David Pallmann’s blog some of this content is unverified, but it is a decent source of information. For more about when it isn’t decent, see http://www.w3fools.com ) http://www.bloggedbychris.com/2012/09/19/microsoft-exam-70-480-study-guide/ (A guy who did a lot of what I did already, sadly I found this halfway through finishing my resources list. This list is expertly put together so I would recommend checking it out.) http://davidpallmann.blogspot.com/2012/08/microsoft-certification-exam-70-480.html http://pluralsight.com/training/Courses (Yes, this isn’t free, but if you look at the course listing there is an entire section on HTML5, CSS3 and Javascript. You can always try the trial!)   Some of the links I put below will overlap with the other resources above, but I tried to find explanations that looked beneficial to me on links outside those already mentioned.   Test Breakdown Implement and Manipulate Document Structures and Objects (24%) Create the document structure. o This objective may include but is not limited to: structure the UI by using semantic markup, including for search engines and screen readers (Section, Article, Nav, Header, Footer, and Aside); create a layout container in HTML http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_new_elements.asp   Write code that interacts with UI controls. o This objective may include but is not limited to: programmatically add and modify HTML elements; implement media controls; implement HTML5 canvas and SVG graphics http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_canvas.asp http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_svg.asp   Apply styling to HTML elements programmatically. o This objective may include but is not limited to: change the location of an element; apply a transform; show and hide elements   Implement HTML5 APIs. o This objective may include but is not limited to: implement storage APIs, AppCache API, and Geolocation API http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_geolocation.asp http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_webstorage.asp http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_app_cache.asp   Establish the scope of objects and variables. o This objective may include but is not limited to: define the lifetime of variables; keep objects out of the global namespace; use the “this” keyword to reference an object that fired an event; scope variables locally and globally http://robertnyman.com/2008/10/09/explaining-javascript-scope-and-closures/ http://www.quirksmode.org/js/this.html   Create and implement objects and methods. o This objective may include but is not limited to: implement native objects; create custom objects and custom properties for native objects using prototypes and functions; inherit from an object; implement native methods and create custom methods http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/object.shtml http://www.crockford.com/javascript/inheritance.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1635116/javascript-class-method-vs-class-prototype-method http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/proto.shtml     Implement Program Flow (25%) Implement program flow. o This objective may include but is not limited to: iterate across collections and array items; manage program decisions by using switch statements, if/then, and operators; evaluate expressions http://www.javascriptkit.com/jsref/looping.shtml http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/varshort.shtml http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/switch.shtml   Raise and handle an event. o This objective may include but is not limited to: handle common events exposed by DOM (OnBlur, OnFocus, OnClick); declare and handle bubbled events; handle an event by using an anonymous function http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/DOM-Level-3-Events/html/DOM3-Events.html http://javascript.info/tutorial/bubbling-and-capturing   Implement exception handling. o This objective may include but is not limited to: set and respond to error codes; throw an exception; request for null checks; implement try-catch-finally blocks http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/trycatch.shtml   Implement a callback. o This objective may include but is not limited to: receive messages from the HTML5 WebSocket API; use jQuery to make an AJAX call; wire up an event; implement a callback by using anonymous functions; handle the “this” pointer http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-websockets-20110419/ http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/websockets/basics/ http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/   Create a web worker process. o This objective may include but is not limited to: start and stop a web worker; pass data to a web worker; configure timeouts and intervals on the web worker; register an event listener for the web worker; limitations of a web worker https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/Using_web_workers http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/workers/basics/   Access and Secure Data (26%) Validate user input by using HTML5 elements. o This objective may include but is not limited to: choose the appropriate controls based on requirements; implement HTML input types and content attributes (for example, required) to collect user input http://diveintohtml5.info/forms.html   Validate user input by using JavaScript. o This objective may include but is not limited to: evaluate a regular expression to validate the input format; validate that you are getting the right kind of data type by using built-in functions; prevent code injection http://www.regular-expressions.info/javascript.html http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/66ztdbe6(v=vs.94).aspx https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2008/06/safe-html-and-xss/ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/942011/how-to-prevent-javascript-injection-attacks-within-user-generated-html   Consume data. o This objective may include but is not limited to: consume JSON and XML data; retrieve data by using web services; load data or get data from other sources by using XMLHTTPRequest http://www.erichynds.com/jquery/working-with-xml-jquery-and-javascript/ http://www.webdevstuff.com/86/javascript-xmlhttprequest-object.html http://www.json.org/ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4935632/how-to-parse-json-in-javascript   Serialize, deserialize, and transmit data. o This objective may include but is not limited to: binary data; text data (JSON, XML); implement the jQuery serialize method; Form.Submit; parse data; send data by using XMLHTTPRequest; sanitize input by using URI/form encoding http://api.jquery.com/serialize/ http://www.javascript-coder.com/javascript-form/javascript-form-submit.phtml http://stackoverflow.com/questions/327685/is-there-a-way-to-read-binary-data-into-javascript https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURI     Use CSS3 in Applications (25%) Style HTML text properties. o This objective may include but is not limited to: apply styles to text appearance (color, bold, italics); apply styles to text font (WOFF and @font-face, size); apply styles to text alignment, spacing, and indentation; apply styles to text hyphenation; apply styles for a text drop shadow http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_text.asp http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_font.asp http://nicewebtype.com/notes/2009/10/30/how-to-use-css-font-face/ http://webdesign.about.com/od/beginningcss/p/aacss5text.htm http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/ http://www.css3.info/preview/box-shadow/   Style HTML box properties. o This objective may include but is not limited to: apply styles to alter appearance attributes (size, border and rounding border corners, outline, padding, margin); apply styles to alter graphic effects (transparency, opacity, background image, gradients, shadow, clipping); apply styles to establish and change an element’s position (static, relative, absolute, fixed) http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/html-css-techniques/10-css3-properties-you-need-to-be-familiar-with/ http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_image_transparency.asp http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_background-image.asp http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/graphics/cssgradientbackgroundmaker/default.html http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visufx.html http://www.barelyfitz.com/screencast/html-training/css/positioning/ http://davidwalsh.name/css-fixed-position   Create a flexible content layout. o This objective may include but is not limited to: implement a layout using a flexible box model; implement a layout using multi-column; implement a layout using position floating and exclusions; implement a layout using grid alignment; implement a layout using regions, grouping, and nesting http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/flexbox/quick/ http://www.css3.info/preview/multi-column-layout/ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh673558(v=vs.85).aspx http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-grid-layout/ http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-regions/   Create an animated and adaptive UI. o This objective may include but is not limited to: animate objects by applying CSS transitions; apply 3-D and 2-D transformations; adjust UI based on media queries (device adaptations for output formats, displays, and representations); hide or disable controls http://www.bloggedbychris.com/2012/09/19/microsoft-exam-70-480-study-guide/   Find elements by using CSS selectors and jQuery. o This objective may include but is not limited to: choose the correct selector to reference an element; define element, style, and attribute selectors; find elements by using pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes (for example, :before, :first-line, :first-letter, :target, :lang, :checked, :first-child) http://www.bloggedbychris.com/2012/09/19/microsoft-exam-70-480-study-guide/   Structure a CSS file by using CSS selectors. o This objective may include but is not limited to: reference elements correctly; implement inheritance; override inheritance by using !important; style an element based on pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes (for example, :before, :first-line, :first-letter, :target, :lang, :checked, :first-child) http://www.bloggedbychris.com/2012/09/19/microsoft-exam-70-480-study-guide/   Technorati Tags: 70-480,CSS3,HTML5,HTML,CSS,JavaScript,Certification

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• Tutorial: Getting Started with the NoSQL JavaScript / Node.js API for MySQL Cluster

  - by Mat Keep

  Tutorial authored by Craig Russell and JD Duncan  The MySQL Cluster team are working on a new NoSQL JavaScript connector for MySQL. The objectives are simplicity and high performance for JavaScript users: - allows end-to-end JavaScript development, from the browser to the server and now to the world's most popular open source database - native "NoSQL" access to the storage layer without going first through SQL transformations and parsing. Node.js is a complete web platform built around JavaScript designed to deliver millions of client connections on commodity hardware. With the MySQL NoSQL Connector for JavaScript, Node.js users can easily add data access and persistence to their web, cloud, social and mobile applications. While the initial implementation is designed to plug and play with Node.js, the actual implementation doesn't depend heavily on Node, potentially enabling wider platform support in the future. Implementation The architecture and user interface of this connector are very different from other MySQL connectors in a major way: it is an asynchronous interface that follows the event model built into Node.js. To make it as easy as possible, we decided to use a domain object model to store the data. This allows for users to query data from the database and have a fully-instantiated object to work with, instead of having to deal with rows and columns of the database. The domain object model can have any user behavior that is desired, with the NoSQL connector providing the data from the database. To make it as fast as possible, we use a direct connection from the user's address space to the database. This approach means that no SQL (pun intended) is needed to get to the data, and no SQL server is between the user and the data. The connector is being developed to be extensible to multiple underlying database technologies, including direct, native access to both the MySQL Cluster "ndb" and InnoDB storage engines. The connector integrates the MySQL Cluster native API library directly within the Node.js platform itself, enabling developers to seamlessly couple their high performance, distributed applications with a high performance, distributed, persistence layer delivering 99.999% availability. The following sections take you through how to connect to MySQL, query the data and how to get started. Connecting to the database A Session is the main user access path to the database. You can get a Session object directly from the connector using the openSession function: var nosql = require("mysql-js"); var dbProperties = {     "implementation" : "ndb",     "database" : "test" }; nosql.openSession(dbProperties, null, onSession); The openSession function calls back into the application upon creating a Session. The Session is then used to create, delete, update, and read objects. Reading data The Session can read data from the database in a number of ways. If you simply want the data from the database, you provide a table name and the key of the row that you want. For example, consider this schema: create table employee (   id int not null primary key,   name varchar(32),   salary float ) ENGINE=ndbcluster; Since the primary key is a number, you can provide the key as a number to the find function. function onSession = function(err, session) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   }   session.find('employee', 0, onData); }; function onData = function(err, data) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   }   console.log('Found: ', JSON.stringify(data));   ... use data in application }; If you want to have the data stored in your own domain model, you tell the connector which table your domain model uses, by specifying an annotation, and pass your domain model to the find function. var annotations = new nosql.Annotations(); function Employee = function(id, name, salary) {   this.id = id;   this.name = name;   this.salary = salary;   this.giveRaise = function(percent) {     this.salary *= percent;   } }; annotations.mapClass(Employee, {'table' : 'employee'}); function onSession = function(err, session) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   }   session.find(Employee, 0, onData); }; Updating data You can update the emp instance in memory, but to make the raise persistent, you need to write it back to the database, using the update function. function onData = function(err, emp) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   }   console.log('Found: ', JSON.stringify(emp));   emp.giveRaise(0.12); // gee, thanks!   session.update(emp); // oops, session is out of scope here }; Using JavaScript can be tricky because it does not have the concept of block scope for variables. You can create a closure to handle these variables, or use a feature of the connector to remember your variables. The connector api takes a fixed number of parameters and returns a fixed number of result parameters to the callback function. But the connector will keep track of variables for you and return them to the callback. So in the above example, change the onSession function to remember the session variable, and you can refer to it in the onData function: function onSession = function(err, session) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   }   session.find(Employee, 0, onData, session); }; function onData = function(err, emp, session) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   }   console.log('Found: ', JSON.stringify(emp));   emp.giveRaise(0.12); // gee, thanks!   session.update(emp, onUpdate); // session is now in scope }; function onUpdate = function(err, emp) {   if (err) {     console.log(err);     ... error handling   } Inserting data Inserting data requires a mapped JavaScript user function (constructor) and a session. Create a variable and persist it: function onSession = function(err, session) {   var data = new Employee(999, 'Mat Keep', 20000000);   session.persist(data, onInsert);   } }; Deleting data To remove data from the database, use the session remove function. You use an instance of the domain object to identify the row you want to remove. Only the key field is relevant. function onSession = function(err, session) {   var key = new Employee(999);   session.remove(Employee, onDelete);   } }; More extensive queries We are working on the implementation of more extensive queries along the lines of the criteria query api. Stay tuned. How to evaluate The MySQL Connector for JavaScript is available for download from labs.mysql.com. Select the build: MySQL-Cluster-NoSQL-Connector-for-Node-js You can also clone the project on GitHub Since it is still early in development, feedback is especially valuable (so don't hesitate to leave comments on this blog, or head to the MySQL Cluster forum). Try it out and see how easy (and fast) it is to integrate MySQL Cluster into your Node.js platforms. You can learn more about other previewed functionality of MySQL Cluster 7.3 here

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• Contract Work - Lessons Learned

  - by samerpaul

  I thought I would write a post of a different nature today, but still relevant to the tech world. I do a lot of contract jobs myself and really enjoy it. It's nice to keep jumping from project to project, and not having to go to an office or keep regular hours, etc. I really enjoy it. I have learned a lot in the past few years of doing it (both from experience and from help given to me from others, and the internet) so I thought I'd share some of that knowledge/experience today.So here's my own personal "lesson's learned" that hopefully will help you if you find yourself doing contract work:Should I take the job?Ok, so this is the first step. Assuming you were given sufficient information about what they want, then you should really think about what you're capable of doing and whether or not you should take this job. Personally, my rule is, if I know it's possible, I'll say yes, even if I don't yet know how to do it. That's because the internet is such a great help, it would be rare to run into an issue that you can't figure out with some help. So if your clients are asking for something that you don't yet know how to program, but you know you can do it on the platform then go for it. How else are you going to learn?Use this rule with some limitation, however. If you're really lacking the expertise or foundation in something, then unless you have tons of time to complete the project, then I wouldn't say yes. For example, I haven't personally done any 3d/openGL programming yet so I wouldn't say yes to a project that extensively uses it. OK, so I want the job, but how much do I charge?This part can be tricky. There is no set formula really, but I have some tips for pricing that will hopefully give you a better idea on how to confidently ask your price and have them accept. Here are some personal guidelinesHow much time do you have to complete the project? If it's shorter than average, then charge more. You can even make a subtle note about this (or not so subtle if they still don't get it.) If it seems too short of a time (i.e. near impossible to complete), be sure to say that. It looks bad to promise a time that you can't keep--and it makes it less likely for them to return to you for work.Your Hourly rate: How long have you been working in that language? Do you have existing projects to back you up? Or previous contacts that can vouch for your work? Are there very few people with your particular skill set? All of these things will lend themselves to setting an hourly rate. I'd also try out a quick google search of what your line of work is, to see what the industry standard is at that point in time.I wouldn't price too low, because you want to make your time worth it. You also want them to feel like they're paying for quality work (assuming you can deliver it :) ). Finally, think about your client. If it's a small business, then don't price it too high if you want the job. If it's an enterprise (like a Fortune company), then don't be afraid to price higher. They have the budget for it.Fixed price: If they want a fixed price project, then you need to think about how many hours it will take you to complete it and multiply it by the hourly rate you set for yourself. Then, honestly, I would add 10-20% on top of that. Why? Because nothing ever works exactly how you want it to. There are lots of times that something "trivial" is way harder than it should be, or something that "should work" doesn't for hours and it eats away at your hourly rate. I can't count the number of times I encountered a logical bug that took away an entire's day work because debuggers don't help in those cases. By adding that padding in, it's still OK to have those days where you don't get as much done as you want. And another useful tip: Depending on your client, and the scope, you most likely want to set that you both sign off on a specification sheet before doing any work, and that any changes will result in a re-evaulation of the price. This is to help protect you from being handed a huge new addition to the project half-way in, without any extra payment.Scope of project: Finally, is it a huge project? Is it really small/fast? This affects how much your client will be willing to pay. If it sounds big, they will be willing to pay more for it. If it seems really small, then you won't be able to get away with a large asking price (as easily).Ok, I priced it, now what?So now that you have the price, you want to make sure it feels justified to your client. I never set a price before I can really think about everything. For example, if you're still in your introduction phase, and they want a price, don't give one! Just comment that you will send them a proposal sheet with all the features outlined, and a price for everything. You don't want to shout out a low number and then deliver something that is way higher. You also don't want to shock them with a big number before they feel like they are getting a great product.Make up a proposal document in a word editor. Personally, I leave the price till the very end. Why? Because by the time they reach the end, you've already discussed all the great features you plan to implement, and how it's the best product they'll ever use, etc etc...so your price comes off as a steal! If you hit them up front with a price, they will read through the document with a negative bias. Think about those commercials on TV. They always go on about their product, then at the end, ask "What would you pay for something like this? $100? $50? How about $20!!". This is not by accident.Scenario: I finished the job way earlier than expectedYou have two options then. You can either polish the hell out of the application, and even throw in a few bonus features (assuming they are in-line with the customer's needs) or you can sit and wait on it until you near your deadline. Why don't you want to turn it in too early? Because you should treat that extra time as a surplus. If you said it is going to take you 3 weeks, and it took you only 1, you have a surplus of 2 weeks. I personally don't want to let them know that I can do a 3 week project in 1 week. Why not? Because that may not always be the case! I may later have a 3 week project that takes all 3 weeks, but if I set a precedent of delivering super early, then the pressure is on for that longer project. It also makes it harder to quote longer times if you keep delivering too early.Feel free to deliver early, but again, don't do it too early. They may also wonder why they paid you for 3 weeks of work if you're done in 1. They may further wonder if the product sucks, or what is wrong with it, if it's done so early, etc.I would just polish the application. Everyone loves polish in their applications. The smallest details are what make an application go from "functional" to "fantastic". And since you are still delivering on time, then they are still going to be very happy with you.Scenario: It's taking way too long to finish this, and the deadline is nearing/here!So this is not a fun scenario to be in, but it'll happen. Sometimes the scope of the project gets out of hand. The best policy here is OPENNESS/HONESTY. Tell them that the project is taking longer than expected, and give a reasonable time for when you think you'll have it done. I typically explain it in a way that makes it sound like it isn't something that I did wrong, but it's just something about the nature of the project. This really goes for any scenario, to be honest. Just continue to stay open and communicative about your progress. This doesn't mean that you should email them every five minutes (unless they want you to), but it does mean that maybe every few days or once a week, give them an update on where you're at, and what's next. They'll be happy to know they are paying for progress, and it'll make it easier to ask for an extension when something goes wrong, because they know that you've been working on it all along.Final tips and thoughts:In general, contract work is really fun and rewarding. It's nice to learn new things all the time, as mandated by the project ,and to challenge yourself to do things you may not have done before. The key is to build a great relationship with your clients for future work, and for recommendations. I am always very honest with them and I never promise something I can't deliver. Again, under promise, over deliver!I hope this has proved helpful!Cheers,samerpaul

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• How to return a complex object from an axis web service

  - by jani

  Hi all, I am writing a simple web service to return an object with 2 properties. I am embedding the service into an existing web application. My wsdd looks like this. <globalConfiguration> <parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/> <parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/> <parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/> <parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/> <parameter name="axis.sendMinimizedElements" value="true"/> <requestFlow> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"> <parameter name="scope" value="session"/> </handler> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"> <parameter name="scope" value="request"/> <parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/> </handler> </requestFlow> </globalConfiguration> <handler name="LocalResponder" type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/> <handler name="URLMapper" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/> <handler name="Authenticate" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/> <transport name="http"> <requestFlow> <handler type="URLMapper"/> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/> </requestFlow> </transport> <transport name="local"> <responseFlow> <handler type="LocalResponder"/> </responseFlow> </transport> <service name="helloService" provider="java:RPC" style="document" use="literal"> <parameter name="className" value="ws.example.HelloService"/> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/> <parameter name="scope" value="application"/> </service> I am able to deploy it successfully. If I try to invoke the method which returns a String, it is successfully returning the String. But when I invoke the method which returns an object, I am getting the following error. AxisFault faultCode: {http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/}Server.userException faultSubcode: faultString: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Premature end of file. faultActor: faultNode: faultDetail: {http://xml.apache.org/axis/}stackTrace:org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Premature end of file. at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.fatalError(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLVersionDetector.determineDocVersion(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source) at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395) at org.apache.axis.encoding.DeserializationContext.parse(DeserializationContext.java:227) at org.apache.axis.SOAPPart.getAsSOAPEnvelope(SOAPPart.java:696) at org.apache.axis.Message.getSOAPEnvelope(Message.java:424) at org.apache.axis.transport.http.HTTPSender.readFromSocket(HTTPSender.java:796) at org.apache.axis.transport.http.HTTPSender.invoke(HTTPSender.java:144) at org.apache.axis.strategies.InvocationStrategy.visit(InvocationStrategy.java:32) at org.apache.axis.SimpleChain.doVisiting(SimpleChain.java:118) at org.apache.axis.SimpleChain.invoke(SimpleChain.java:83) at org.apache.axis.client.AxisClient.invoke(AxisClient.java:165) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invokeEngine(Call.java:2765) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2748) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2424) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2347) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:1804) at ws.example.ws.HelloServiceSoapBindingStub.getAwardById(HelloServiceSoapBindingStub.java:202) at Test.main(Test.java:21) Can any body help?

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• What is the reason of "Transaction context in use by another session"

  - by Shrike

  Hi, I'm looking for a description of the root of this error: "Transaction context in use by another session". I get it sometimes in one of my unittests so I can't provider repro code. But I wonder what is "by design" reason for the error. I've found this post: http://blogs.msdn.com/asiatech/archive/2009/08/10/system-transaction-may-fail-in-multiple-thread-environment.aspx and also that: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff649002.aspx But I can't understand what "Multiple threads sharing the same transaction in a transaction scope will cause the following exception: 'Transaction context in use by another session.' " means. All words are understandable but not the point. I actually can share a system transaction between threads. And there is even special mechanism for this - DependentTransaction class and Transaction.DependentClone method. I'm trying to reproduce a usecase from the first post: 1. Main thread creates DTC transaction, receives DependentTransaction (created using Transaction.Current.DependentClone on the main thread 2. Child thread 1 enlists in this DTC transaction by creating a transaction scope based on the dependent transaction (passed via constructor) 3. Child thread 1 opens a connection 4. Child thread 2 enlists in DTC transaction by creating a transaction scope based on the dependent transaction (passed via constructor) 5. Child thread 2 opens a connection with such code: using System; using System.Threading; using System.Transactions; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; public class Program { private static string ConnectionString = "Initial Catalog=DB;Data Source=.;User ID=user;PWD=pwd;"; public static void Main() { int MAX = 100; for(int i =0; i< MAX;i++) { using(var ctx = new TransactionScope()) { var tx = Transaction.Current; // make the transaction distributed using (SqlConnection con1 = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) using (SqlConnection con2 = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { con1.Open(); con2.Open(); } showSysTranStatus(); DependentTransaction dtx = Transaction.Current.DependentClone(DependentCloneOption.BlockCommitUntilComplete); Thread t1 = new Thread(o => workCallback(dtx)); Thread t2 = new Thread(o => workCallback(dtx)); t1.Start(); t2.Start(); t1.Join(); t2.Join(); ctx.Complete(); } trace("root transaction completes"); } } private static void workCallback(DependentTransaction dtx) { using(var txScope1 = new TransactionScope(dtx)) { using (SqlConnection con2 = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString)) { con2.Open(); trace("connection opened"); showDbTranStatus(con2); } txScope1.Complete(); } trace("dependant tran completes"); } private static void trace(string msg) { Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + " : " + msg); } private static void showSysTranStatus() { string msg; if (Transaction.Current != null) msg = Transaction.Current.TransactionInformation.DistributedIdentifier.ToString(); else msg = "no sys tran"; trace( msg ); } private static void showDbTranStatus(SqlConnection con) { var cmd = con.CreateCommand(); cmd.CommandText = "SELECT 1"; var c = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); trace("@@TRANCOUNT = " + c); } } It fails on Complete's call of root TransactionScope. But error is different: Unhandled Exception: System.Transactions.TransactionInDoubtException: The transaction is in doubt. --- pired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. To sum up: I want to understand what "Transaction context in use by another session" means and how to reproduce it.

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• How to return a complex object in axis web service .

  - by jani

  Hi all, I am writing a simple web service to return an object with 2 properties. I am embedding the service into an existing web application. My wsdd looks like this. <globalConfiguration> <parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/> <parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/> <parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/> <parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/> <parameter name="axis.sendMinimizedElements" value="true"/> <requestFlow> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"> <parameter name="scope" value="session"/> </handler> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"> <parameter name="scope" value="request"/> <parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/> </handler> </requestFlow> </globalConfiguration> <handler name="LocalResponder" type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/> <handler name="URLMapper" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/> <handler name="Authenticate" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/> <transport name="http"> <requestFlow> <handler type="URLMapper"/> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/> </requestFlow> </transport> <transport name="local"> <responseFlow> <handler type="LocalResponder"/> </responseFlow> </transport> <service name="helloService" provider="java:RPC" style="document" use="literal"> <parameter name="className" value="ws.example.HelloService"/> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/> <parameter name="scope" value="application"/> </service> I am able to deploy it successfully. If I try to invoke the method which returns a String, it is successfully returning the String. But when I invoke the method which returns an object, I am getting the following error. AxisFault faultCode: {http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/}Server.userException faultSubcode: faultString: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Premature end of file. faultActor: faultNode: faultDetail: {http://xml.apache.org/axis/}stackTrace:org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Premature end of file. at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.fatalError(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLVersionDetector.determineDocVersion(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source) at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source) at javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser.parse(SAXParser.java:395) at org.apache.axis.encoding.DeserializationContext.parse(DeserializationContext.java:227) at org.apache.axis.SOAPPart.getAsSOAPEnvelope(SOAPPart.java:696) at org.apache.axis.Message.getSOAPEnvelope(Message.java:424) at org.apache.axis.transport.http.HTTPSender.readFromSocket(HTTPSender.java:796) at org.apache.axis.transport.http.HTTPSender.invoke(HTTPSender.java:144) at org.apache.axis.strategies.InvocationStrategy.visit(InvocationStrategy.java:32) at org.apache.axis.SimpleChain.doVisiting(SimpleChain.java:118) at org.apache.axis.SimpleChain.invoke(SimpleChain.java:83) at org.apache.axis.client.AxisClient.invoke(AxisClient.java:165) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invokeEngine(Call.java:2765) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2748) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2424) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:2347) at org.apache.axis.client.Call.invoke(Call.java:1804) at ws.example.ws.HelloServiceSoapBindingStub.getAwardById(HelloServiceSoapBindingStub.java:202) at Test.main(Test.java:21) Can any body help? Thanks in advance

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• Get User SID From Logon ID (Windows XP and Up)

  - by Dave Ruske

  I have a Windows service that needs to access registry hives under HKEY_USERS when users log on, either locally or via Terminal Server. I'm using a WMI query on win32_logonsession to receive events when users log on, and one of the properties I get from that query is a LogonId. To figure out which registry hive I need to access, now, I need the users's SID, which is used as a registry key name beneath HKEY_USERS. In most cases, I can get this by doing a RelatedObjectQuery like so (in C#): RelatedObjectQuery relatedQuery = new RelatedObjectQuery( "associators of {Win32_LogonSession.LogonId='" + logonID + "'} WHERE AssocClass=Win32_LoggedOnUser Role=Dependent" ); where "logonID" is the logon session ID from the session query. Running the RelatedObjectQuery will generally give me a SID property that contains exactly what I need. There are two issues I have with this. First and most importantly, the RelatedObjectQuery will not return any results for a domain user that logs in with cached credentials, disconnected from the domain. Second, I'm not pleased with the performance of this RelatedObjectQuery --- it can take up to several seconds to execute. Here's a quick and dirty command line program I threw together to experiment with the queries. Rather than setting up to receive events, this just enumerates the users on the local machine: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Management; namespace EnumUsersTest { class Program { static void Main( string[] args ) { ManagementScope scope = new ManagementScope( "\\\\.\\root\\cimv2" ); string queryString = "select * from win32_logonsession"; // for all sessions //string queryString = "select * from win32_logonsession where logontype = 2"; // for local interactive sessions only ManagementObjectSearcher sessionQuery = new ManagementObjectSearcher( scope, new SelectQuery( queryString ) ); ManagementObjectCollection logonSessions = sessionQuery.Get(); foreach ( ManagementObject logonSession in logonSessions ) { string logonID = logonSession["LogonId"].ToString(); Console.WriteLine( "=== {0}, type {1} ===", logonID, logonSession["LogonType"].ToString() ); RelatedObjectQuery relatedQuery = new RelatedObjectQuery( "associators of {Win32_LogonSession.LogonId='" + logonID + "'} WHERE AssocClass=Win32_LoggedOnUser Role=Dependent" ); ManagementObjectSearcher userQuery = new ManagementObjectSearcher( scope, relatedQuery ); ManagementObjectCollection users = userQuery.Get(); foreach ( ManagementObject user in users ) { PrintProperties( user.Properties ); } } Console.WriteLine( "\nDone! Press a key to exit..." ); Console.ReadKey( true ); } private static void PrintProperty( PropertyData pd ) { string value = "null"; string valueType = "n/a"; if ( null == pd.Value ) value = "null"; if ( pd.Value != null ) { value = pd.Value.ToString(); valueType = pd.Value.GetType().ToString(); } Console.WriteLine( " \"{0}\" = ({1}) \"{2}\"", pd.Name, valueType, value ); } private static void PrintProperties( PropertyDataCollection properties ) { foreach ( PropertyData pd in properties ) { PrintProperty( pd ); } } } } So... is there way to quickly and reliably obtain the user SID given the information I retrieve from WMI, or should I be looking at using something like SENS instead?

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• please help!!! this plugin to exclude Pages from the Front Page does not work.

  - by souravran

  add_action('admin_menu', 'pag_admin_menu'); add_filter('wp_list_pages_excludes','exclude_PAG'); function pag_admin_menu() { add_options_page('Exclude', 'Exclude Page', 'administrator', 2, 'Pages'); } function Pages() { if( $_POST[ 'xclu_pag' ] ) { $message = process_PAG(); } $options = PAG_get_options(); ?> <div class="wrap"> <h2>Exclude Categories</h2> <?php //echo $message ?> <p>Use this page to select the pages you want to exclude.</p> <form action="" method="post"> <table width="960px"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Category</th> <th scope="col" align="left">Exclude from Front Page.</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody id="the-list"> <?php //print_r( get_categories() ); $pags = get_pages(); //echo $pags; $temp_pag = 0; foreach( $pags as $pag ) { ?> <tr<?php if ( $temp_pag == 1 ) { echo ' class="alternate"'; $temp_pag = 0; } else { $temp_pag = 1; } ?>> <th scope="row"><?php echo $pag->post_title; ?></th> <td> <input type="checkbox" name="exclude_paggg[]" value="-<?php echo $pag->ID ?>" <?php if ( in_array( '-' . $pag->ID, $options['exclude_paggg'] ) ) { echo 'checked="true" '; } ?>/> </td> </tr> <?php } ?> </table> <p class="submit"><input type="submit" value="Save Changes" /></p> <input type="hidden" name="xclu_pag" value="true" /> </form> </div> <?php } function process_PAG() { if( !$_POST[ 'exclude_paggg' ] ) { $_POST[ 'exclude_paggg' ] = array(); } $options['exclude_paggg'] = $_POST[ 'exclude_paggg' ]; update_option('PAGExcludes', $options); $message_pag = "<div class='updated'><p>Excludes successfully updated</p></div>"; // return $message_pag; } function PAG_get_options() { $defaults = array(); $defaults['exclude_paggg'] = array(); $options = get_option('PAGExcludes'); if (!is_array($options)) { $options = $defaults; update_option('PAGExcludes', $options); } return $options; } function exclude_PAG($query_pag) { $options = PAG_get_options(); if ($query_pag-is_home) { $query_pag-set('pag', implode( ', ', $options[ 'exclude_paggg' ] ) ); } return $query_pag; } Where should I make any change to make it work to exclude pages from the front page..? INPUT WOULD BE GREATLY APPRECIATED....!! enter code here

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• Debugging errors in c++

  - by user1513323

  I was working on a program that printed out the word count, character count and line count depending on the user's input. But I keep getting these error that are completely unknown to me. I was wondering if anyone could help. ** I've changed it from previous mistakes and am still receiving errors. Sorry I'm new to C++. The errors I got were filestat.cpp:47: error: ‘line’ was not declared in this scope filestat.cpp: In function ‘int wc(std::string)’: filestat.cpp:55: error: ‘line’ was not declared in this scope filestat.cpp: In function ‘int cc(std::string)’: filestat.cpp:67: error: ‘line’ was not declared in this scope #include<iostream> #include<fstream> #include<string> using namespace std; int lc(string fname); int wc(string fname); int cc(string fname); int main(){ string fname,line,command; ifstream ifs; int i; while(true){ cout<<"---- Enter a file name : "; if(getline(cin,line)){ if(line.length()== 4 && line.compare("exit")== 0){ cout<<"Exiting"; exit(0); }else{ string command = line.substr(0,2); fname= line.substr(4, line.length() -5); if( ifs.fail()){ ifs.open(fname.c_str()); cerr<< "File not found" <<fname <<endl; ifs.clear(); }else{ if(command.compare("lc")){ lc(fname); }else if (command.compare("wc")){ wc(fname); }else if(command.compare("cc")){ cc(fname); }else cout<<"Command unknown. "; } } } } return 0; } int lc(string fname){ int count; while(getline(fname, line)){ count++; } cout<<"Number of lines: "<<count ; } int wc(string fname){ int count; while(getline(fname, line)){ int pos=line.find_first_of("\n\t ",0); while(pos =! string::npos){ int length=line.length(); line = line.substr(pos+1, length - pos); count++; } } cout<< "Number of words: " <<count; } int cc(string fname){ int count; while(getline(fname, line)){ count = count + line.length(); } cout<< "Number of words: " <<count; }

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• Is SoapHttpClientProtocol thread safe?

  - by Mike Gleason jr Couturier

  Hi, I created a Web Service proxy with the "add web reference" feature of VS 2008 (c#). The generated class derives from SoapHttpClientProtocol Can I store only one instance of my proxy in a singleton? Is it thread safe? Is there state between calls that would prevent me from doing this? Thanks!

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