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  • iproute2 rules and iptables NAT... what is the difference?

    - by Jakobud
    We have 2 different ISP connections. Our previous "IT guy" setup our firewall like so: When /etc/rc.local was executed on startup, it did a bunch of ip rule add and ip route add commands in order to route certain internal hosts to use certain ISP connections. Then at the end of /etc/rc.local, he executed our iptables firewall rules that were generated by Firewall Builder. These iptables rules have both Policy and NAT rules setup in them. What I don't understand, is why did he use iproute2 to specify rules and routes but also specify NAT rules for iptables? Why didn't he just do it all in one or the other instead of using them both? Could he have got rid of the iproute2 rules and routes and just put all those same rules into the iptables NAT settings?

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  • What is the difference betweeen "Network install" and "Network Boot" options in virt-manager when installing a new virtual machine

    - by Marwan
    From my understanding of PXE (Preboot Execution Environment), I know that there must be some negotiation first between the booting client and a DHCP server to obtain network parameters (IP address, etc) in order for the client to be able to fetch the boot loader and kernel image from the boot server. In other words, and aside from being a "virtual" machine, we're talking here about a "bare metal" machine, so there must be some "pre boot" mechanism for those negotiations to take place, and this is exactly what PXE is all about. When I think about the "Network install" option, I can't figure out how the new VM would be able to fetch the boot images (bootloader and kernel) without the previously mentioned mechanism. So, here is a short version of the question: When provisioning a new virtul machine, how do you expect the "Network install" option in virt-manager to work behind the scenes? Many thanks.

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  • What's the difference between a wifi access point and station?

    - by Earlz
    I noticed that my (rooted) modem has some hidden modes for wifi. It has the default(and only setting without rooting) wireless access point, but it also has the settings repeater, ad-hoc, and station. What I'm really curious about is this station mode and how it differs from access point. I did a cursory search and didn't come up with any significant differences, other than that they are two distinct modes on many wireless chipsets. What is this station mode and how does it differ from access point?

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  • What's the difference between Host and HostName in SSH Config?

    - by Bill Jobs
    The man page says this: Host Host Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host keyword) to be only for those hosts that match one of the patterns given after the keyword. If more than one pattern is provided, they should be separated by whitespace. A single `*' as a pattern can be used to provide global defaults for all hosts. The host is the hostname argument given on the command line (i.e. the name is not converted to a canonicalized host name before matching). A pattern entry may be negated by prefixing it with an exclamation mark (`!'). If a negated entry is matched, then the Host entry is ignored, regardless of whether any other patterns on the line match. Negated matches are therefore useful to provide exceptions for wildcard matches. See PATTERNS for more information on patterns. HostName HostName Specifies the real host name to log into. This can be used to specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts. If the hostname contains the character sequence `%h', then this will be replaced with the host name specified on the command line (this is useful for manipulating unqualified names). The default is the name given on the com- mand line. Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line and in HostName specifications). For example, when I want to create an SSH Config for GitHub, what should Host and HostName be respectively?

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  • What is the difference between "su --command" and "su --session-command"?

    - by oliver
    Running # su - oliver --command bash gives a shell but also prints the warning bash: no job control in this shell, and indeed Ctrl+Z and fg/bg don't work in that shell. Running # su - oliver --session-command bash gives a shell without printing the warning, and job control indeed works. The suggestion to use --session-command comes from Starting a shell from scripts using su results in "no job control in this shell" which states "[a security fix for su] changed the behavior of the -c option and disables job control inside the called shell". But I still don't quite understand this. When should one use --command and when should one use --session-command? Is --command (aka -c) more secure? Or should one always use --session-command, and --command is just left in for backwards compatibility? FWIW, I'm using RHEL 6.4.

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  • NVIDIA same chipset, but different implementations - what is the difference?

    - by Horst Walter
    I have planned to buy a graphics card. When searching for a particular chipset (e.g. GTX 460) I find cards of different vendors (i.e. Gigabyte, Palit, PNY, ...). I can figure out differences in frequency, memory, and equipment. When I read test reports, usually a particular NVIDIA card is compared with its ATI/AMD "counterpart" - have not really found a comparison of all vendors for a particular NVIDIA chipset. So in order to make a decision: a) Are the drivers all the same for all the cards of a particular chipset (and provided by NVIDIA or the vendor?) b) How to figure out which card actually to buy. OK, I choose chipset, and memory, and check the card has the required ports, but then ....

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  • What is the difference between these two find algorithms? [migrated]

    - by Joe
    I have these two find algorithm which look the same to me. Can anyone help me out why they are actually different? Find ( x ) : if x.parent = x then return x else return Find ( x.parent ) vs Find ( x ) : if x.parent = x then return x else x.parent <- Find(x.parent) return x.parent I interpret the first one as int i = 0; return i++; while the second one as int i = 0; int tmp = i++; return tmp which are exactly the same to me.

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  • Django, wsgi, py. what's the difference?

    - by Kenny
    I'm trying to get a django application up and running on my cpanel system. I've installed mod_wsgi, and am following the guide here: http://www.nerdydork.com/setting-up-django-on-a-whm-cpanel-vps-liquidweb.html However, I'm now confused as I don't know what to do next. The application has .py files, and I am able to run it via this: python manage.py runserver 211.144.131.148:8000 However, that's via command line and binds to port 8000. I want to use Apache instead. The question is, that tutorial doesn't go further into how to get apache to recognize .py files and run the application as I want it. What do I do next?

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  • What's the difference between these Asus socket 1155 motherboards?

    - by Johnny W
    I've looked on Asus's website, but they don't make it easy to understand what the differences are, and there's so many models to choose from! It's all spiel, and endless specs. How is anybody supposed to rifle through so much detail in order to make note of minor differences? If anyone already has this knowledge, I'd love to know what the major differences between these Z77 models are: P8Z77-V P8Z77-V DELUXE P8Z77-V LE P8Z77-V LE PLUS P8Z77-V LK P8Z77-V LX P8Z77-V PREMIUM P8Z77-V PRO P8Z77-V PRO/THUNDERBOLT Asus are famous for offering lots of solutions, but if there's no easy way to see the differences, how can you even consider what to buy? Their website does include a Comparison tool, but it's broken: I'm primarily interested in 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6, if that makes the task any easier. I'm sure there are people who have this knowledge. Thanks for any help.

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  • Just one client bound to address and port: does it make a difference broadcast versus unicast in terms of overhead?

    - by chrisapotek
    Scenario: I am implementing failed over for a network node, so my idea is to make the master node listens on a broadcast ip address and port. If the master node fails, another failover node will start listening on this broadcast address (and port) and take over. Question: My concern is that I will be using a broadcast IP address just for a single node: the master. The failover node only binds if the master fails, in other words, almost never. In terms of network/traffic overhead, is it bad to talk to a single node through a broadcast address or the network somehow is smart enough to know that nobody else is listening to this broadcast address and kind of treat it as a unicast in terms of overhead? My concern is that I will be flooding my network with packets from this broadcast address even thought I am just really talking to a single node (the master). But I can't use unicast because the failover node has to be able to pick up the master stream quickly and transparently in case it fails.

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  • Difference between tcp recv buffer and tcp receive window size?

    - by pradeepchhetri
    The command shows the tcp receive buffer size in bytes. $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem 4096 87380 4001344 where the three values signifies the min, default and max values respectively. Then I tried to find the tcp window size using tcpdump command. $ sudo tcpdump -n -i eth0 'tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn|tcp-ack) == tcp-syn and port 80 and host google.com' tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:15:41.465037 IP 172.16.31.141.51614 > 74.125.236.73.80: Flags [S], seq 3661804272, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4452053 ecr 0,nop,wscale 6], length 0 I got the window size to be 14600 which is 10 times the size of MSS. Can anyone please tell me the relationship between the two.

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  • How can I explain the difference between programs and documents?

    - by flashnode
    My friend gave me his laptop to salvage after being the victim of numerous viruses and malware. I asked him if there was anything important on the laptop that he wanted to keep. He said he wanted to keep his (legit) copy of Adobe Premiere/After Effects and a few videos he edited. He doesn't have the install CDs so I know the software he paid thousands for in 2007 is gone. I can still resurrect the original film (VOB). What is the best way to explain this?

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  • Is there a difference between starting a WebLogic Admin Server through the command-line or through t

    - by lindelof
    I have WebLogic 11g installed on my machine under /srv/wls, and I start Node manager on it with /srv/wls/wlserver_10.3/server/bin/startNodeManager.sh. I create my domain with config.sh, and then I want to start the Admin Server of that domain with Node Manager. So I open a WLST session and do the following: > nmConnect(...) > nmStart('AdminServer') But when I then visit localhost:7001/console, and login, the screen on the browser remains blank and the server logs tell me the server has run out of PermGen space. I don't encounter this problem when starting the Admin Server through the shell script under $DOMAIN/startWebLogic.sh. Then it works fine. Any idea what I am doing wrong? I couldn't find anything in Google nor on the Oracle forums...

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  • What's the difference between sudo su - postgres and sudo -u postgres?

    - by Craig Ringer
    PostgreSQL users peer authentication on unix sockets by default, where the unix user must be the same as the PostgreSQL user. So people frequently use su or sudo to become the postgres superuser. I often see people using constructs like: sudo su - postgres rather than sudo -u postgres -i and I'm wondering why. Similarly, I've seen: sudo su - postgres -c psql instead of sudo -u postgres psql Without the leading sudo the su versions would make some sense if you were on an old platform without sudo. But why on a less than prehisoric UNIX or Linux would you use sudo su ?

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  • Is there a performance difference between Cat5 and Cat6 keystone blocks?

    - by Scott Anderson
    I'm going to be wiring my home for ethernet soon, and I've already decided that I want to use Cat6 cable to do it (faster speeds, better performance, etc). During the installation, I'd like to add wall-plates to certain rooms in my house, and the keystone blocks look like the best option for me. My question is: I've seen different keystone blocks on many cabling websites, some say Cat5e and some say Cat6. The Cat6 ones are slightly more expensive. Is there any noticeable performance gain from using a Cat6 keystone? To me, it just seems like the keystone really wouldn't matter, since it's basically like putting an RJ-45 end on a cable. Can I buy the cheaper Cat5e keystone blocks and still have the performance that Cat6 cable will give me? Thanks!

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  • What is the difference between these Pentium Extreme Edition CPUs?

    - by Giffyguy
    The CPU in question is the Pentium Extreme Edition 955. Intel's website shows four "versions", but for the most part they all look identical. They even share the same set of ordering codes. But one of them has a substantially lower TDP, which is seemingly unexplainable - since everything else is the same. Two of them say "LGA775, Tray" and I have no idea what "Tray" means either. Also, two of them have a different SPEC code. What I need to know is: What does "LGA775, Tray" mean? Why does the one CPU have a lower TDP? And what does that mean for me? Does that mean lower maximum power consumption? Does it mean the CPU may be more stable/endurant, because of a lower heat output? Why do two of them have a different SPEC code, and what does this mean? Finally, what does PLGA775 (as opposed to LGA775) mean, and do I need to be worried about that? Information from Intel's wbsite: Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 (4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) with SPEC Code 1 Boxed Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775 PLGA775 B1 95 Watts BX80553955 SL94N 2 Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775, Tray PLGA775 B1 130 Watts HH80553PH0994M SL94N 3 Boxed Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775 PLGA775 B1 130 Watts BX80553955 SL8WM 4 Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775, Tray PLGA775 B1 130 Watts HH80553PH0994M SL8WM

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  • What is the difference between executing script using Cygwin and PuTTY?

    - by Lily
    Now I get a script.sh, previously it was executed using PuTTY provided it was written in VMWare, but now I want to execute in Windows using Cygwin, I already copy the script.sh out to the corresponding directory, but some commands Cygwin can not recognise. generate(){ date +%T } TIME = generate() echo " Current Time: $TIME" After execute in Cygwin script.sh: line 3: syntax errot neat unexpected token '$'<\r'' script.sh: line 3:'generate<><

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  • What is the difference between a PDU and a power strip (both 120V, 15A)?

    - by rob
    I just chatted with an APC rep about upgrading the UPSes at our office. She recommended a single higher-capacity 6-outlet Smart-UPS to replace the four Back-UPS units we currently have. When I asked how she recommended plugging in all the current devices, she recommended using a APC's AP9567 PDU, but said not to use a power strip. At first she said I had to use an APC brand PDU, but after I inquired about using a Tripp-Lite PDU, she said any brand PDU would be fine. The APC PDU previously referenced looks like a standard 120V power strip with overload protection but no surge protection. Other than overload protection (which seems redundant if plugging into the UPS), is there something else I'm missing, or should any power strip (without surge protection) be fine? Edit: I didn't mention it earlier, but we don't have a proper rack--though I did still plan to mount the PDU or power strip to something. I guess I'm wondering if there's any special reason I should pay as much as $180 for the low-end APC PDU (which just looks like a power strip to me) vs. $20-$30 for a workbench power strip.

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