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  • additive texture combiner

    - by ivicaa
    I have a problem which is driving me crazy. Enironment: IPHONE, OpenGL ES 1.1 Basically I have a simple GL_COMBINE for vertex color and texture color. glColor4f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 0); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_COMBINE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_COMBINE_RGB, GL_ADD); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC0_RGB, GL_PRIMARY_COLOR); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND0_RGB, GL_SRC_COLOR); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC1_RGB, GL_TEXTURE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND1_RGB, GL_SRC_COLOR); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_COMBINE_ALPHA, GL_ADD); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC0_ALPHA, GL_PRIMARY_COLOR); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND0_ALPHA, GL_SRC_ALPHA); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC1_ALPHA, GL_TEXTURE); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_OPERAND1_ALPHA, GL_SRC_ALPHA); It should simply do VertexColorRGBA + TextureRGBA. With Alpha everything works fine, but if as soon as I change R,G,B in the glColor4f call, the final alpha is also modified. Does anyone have a hint for this unexpected behavior? Thanks in advance! Ivica

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  • Problems applying texture to a triangle strip using glTexCoordPointer

    - by Alexey
    Hi, I'm writing a pretty simple piece of code which should draw a plane. The plane must have two different textures on its sides, like if it was a book page. I'm trying to achieve this by doing this: glFrontFace(GL_CCW); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[kActiveSideLeft]); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexCoordinates); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, textureCoordinates); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, (2 * kHorizontalSegmentsCount + 4) * kVerticalSegmentsCount); glFrontFace(GL_CW); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[kActiveSideRight]); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexCoordinates); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, textureCoordinates); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, (2 * kHorizontalSegmentsCount + 4) * kVerticalSegmentsCount); textures[] array contains 2 GLuint textures which specify appropriate textures. vertexCoordinates and textureCoordinates contain vertexes and texture coordinates respectively ((2 * kHorizontalSegmentsCount + 4) * kVerticalSegmentsCount) equals 15 and that's exactly how many elements I have in the arrays I set up opengl like this: glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glClearDepthf(1.0f); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glClearColor(0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); glCullFace(GL_BACK); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); What happens is when I run it front side of the plane looks Ok, but it appears like if texture coordinates weren't applied to the back side. It appears like texture on the back side is just tiled and not connected to vertexes by any means. Any idea what am I doing wrong? Or any idea about what can I do to debug this problem? Thanks.

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  • Why does GLSL's arithmetic functions yield so different results on the iPad than on the simulator?

    - by cheeesus
    I'm currently chasing some bugs in my OpenGL ES 2.0 fragment shader code which is running on iOS devices. The code runs fine in the simulator, but on the iPad it has huge problems and some of the calculations yield vastly different results, I had for example 0.0 on the iPad and 4013.17 on the simulator, so I'm not talking about small differences which could be the result of some rounding errors. One of the things I noticed is that, on the iPad, float1 = pow(float2, 2.0); can yield results which are very different from the results of float1 = float2 * float2; Specifically, when using pow(x, 2.0) on a variable containing a larger negative number like -8, it seemed to return a value which satified the condition if (powResult <= 0.0). Also, the result of both operations (pow(x, 2.0) as well as x*x) yields different results in the simulator than on the iPad. Used floats are mediump, but I get the same stuff with highp. Is there a simple explanation for those differences? I'm narrowing the problem down, but it takes so much time, so maybe someone can help me here with a simple explanation.

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  • C++ Memory Leak, Can't find where

    - by Nicholas
    I'm using Visual Studio 2008, Developing an OpenGL window. I've created several classes for creating a skeleton, one for joints, one for skin, one for a Body(which is a holder for several joints and skin) and one for reading a skel/skin file. Within each of my classes, I'm using pointers for most of my data, most of which are declared using = new int[XX]. I have a destructor for each Class that deletes the pointers, using delete[XX]. Within my GLUT display function I have it declaring a body, opening the files and drawing them, then deleting the body at the end of the display. But there's still a memory leak somewhere in the program. As Time goes on, it's memory usage just keep increasing, at a consistent rate, which I'm interpreting as something that's not getting deleted. I'm not sure if it's something in the glut display function that's just not deleting the Body class, or something else. I've followed the steps for memory leak detection in Visual Studio 2008 and it doesn't report any leak, but I'm not 100% sure if it's working right for me. I'm not fluent in C++, so there maybe something I'm overlooking, can anyone see it?

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  • Which way to go in Linux 3D programming?

    - by Tek
    I'm looking for some answers for a project I'm thinking of. I've searched and from what I understand (correct me if I'm wrong) the only way the program I want to make will work is through 3D application. Let me explain. I plan to make a studio production program but it's unique in the fact that I want to be able to make it fluid. Let me explain. Imagine Microsoft's Surface program where you're able to touch and drag pictures across the screen. Instead of pictures I want them to be sound samples (wavs,mp3,etc). Of course instead the input will be with the mouse but if I ever do finish the project I would totally add touch screen input compatibility! Anyway, I'm guessing there's "physics" to do with it which is why I'm thinking that even though it'll be a 2D application I'll need to code it in a 3D environment. Assuming that I'm correct in how I want to approach my project, where can I start learning about 3D programming? I actually come from PHP programming which will make C++ easier for me to learn. But I don't even know where to start. If I'm not wrong OpenGL is the most up to date API as far as I know. Anyway, please give me your insights guys. I could really use some guidance here since I could totally be wrong in everything that I wrote :)

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  • PNG Textures not loading on HTC desire

    - by Matthew Tatum
    Hi I'm developing a game for android using OpenGL es and have hit a problem: My game loads fine in the emulator (windows xp and vista from eclipse), it also loads fine on a T-Mobile G2 (HTC Hero) however when I load it on my new HTC Desire none of the textures appear to load correctly (or at all). I'm suspecting the BitmapFactory.decode method although I have no evidence that that is the problem. All of my textures are power of 2 and JPG textures seem to load (although they don't look great quality) but anything that is GIF or PNG just doesn't load at all except for a 2x2 red square which loads fine and one texture that maps to a 3d object but seems to fill each triangle of the mesh with the nearest colour). This is my code for loading images: AssetManager am = androidContext.getAssets(); BufferedInputStream is = null; try { is = new BufferedInputStream(am.open(fileName)); Bitmap bitmap; bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); bitmap.recycle(); } catch(IOException e) { Logger.global.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getLocalizedMessage()); } finally { try { is.close(); } catch(Exception e) { // Ignore. } } thanks

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  • How to debug properly and find causes for crashes?

    - by Newbie
    I dont know what to do anymore... its hopeless. I'm getting tired of guessing whats causing the crashes. Recently i noticed some opengl calls crashes programs randomly on some gfx cards. so i am getting really paranoid what can cause crashes now. The bad thing on this crash is that it crashes only after a long time of using the program, so i can only guess what is the problem. I cant remember what changes i made to the program that may cause the crashes, its been so long time. But luckily the previous version doesnt crash, so i could just copypaste some code and waste 10 hours to see at which point it starts crashing... i dont think i want to do that yet. The program crashes after i make it to process the same files about 5 times in a row, each time it uses about 200 megabytes of memory in the process. It crashes at random times while and after the reading process. I have createn a "safe" free() function, it checks the pointer if its not NULL, and then frees the memory, and then sets the pointer to NULL. Isn't this how it should be done? I watched the task manager memory usage, and just before it crashed it started to eat 2 times more memory than usual. Also the program loading became exponentially slower every time i loaded the files; first few loads didnt seem much slower from each other, but then it started rapidly doubling the load speeds. What should this tell me about the crash? Also, do i have to manually free the c++ vectors by using clear() ? Or are they freed after usage automatically, for example if i allocate vector inside a function, will it be freed every time the function has ended ? I am not storing pointers in the vector. -- Shortly: i want to learn to catch the damn bugs as fast as possible, how do i do that? Using Visual Studio 2008.

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  • Why can't I display same object in multiple viewports?

    - by user288973
    Hi, I'm pretty new to OpenGL. Was playing around with some code but can't figure out why the following will not produce two viewports with the same object view. Heres the code: glViewport(0, windowHeight/2, windowWidth/2, windowHeight); glScissor(0, windowHeight/2, windowWidth/2, windowHeight); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective( 45.0, (GLfloat)(windowWidth/2)/(GLfloat)(windowHeight/2), 0.1f, 500.0 ); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); drawParticleView(); glViewport(windowWidth/2, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight/2); glScissor(windowWidth/2, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective( 45.0, (GLfloat)(windowWidth/2)/(GLfloat)(windowHeight/2), 0.1f, 500.0 ); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); drawParticleView(); drawParticleView() just draws an array of rectangles. The problem is that the second viewport is a squashed representation of the first. My window width is 1280 and height 960. I'm obviously doing something wrong but what? Thanks

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  • Using Color.rgb() doesnt work for full 0...255 range

    - by superflyninja
    I'm writing an android game using opengl. I'm using: colour = Color.rgb(theR,theG,theB); (all ints) to store the color of a rectangle. Then I parse out the RGB to render the rectangle: colorR = Color.red(color); colorG = Color.green(color); colorB = Color.blue(color); For example for color 53,130,255 this should result in a blue but on my app it results in a white. If i use 1,1,1 i get white. If i use 0,0,0 i get black. If i use 0,1,0 I get green etc. So it looks like any value over one is treated as 1 and so i am not getting the full 0...255 range. I tried using Color.argb and color = Color.parseColor(theColor) where the Color is a string. I'm using this in an opengles app. I have a class to display a rectangle of color. This definitely works fine as the correct size rectangle is rendered, just not a color using values above 1. I also use textures and everything displays fine. any ideas? thanks a million

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  • IronPython and Nodebox in C#

    - by proxylittle
    My plan: I'm trying to setup my C# project to communicate with Nodebox to call a certain function which populates a graph and draws it in a new window. Current situation: [fixed... see Update2] I have already included all python-modules needed, but im still getting a Library 'GL' not found it seems that the pyglet module needs a reference to GL/gl.h, but can't find it due to IronPython behaviour. Requirement: The project needs to stay as small as possible without installing new packages. Thats why i have copied all my modules into the project-folder and would like to keep it that or a similar way. My question: Is there a certain workaround for my problem or a fix for the library-folder missmatch. Have read some articles about Tao-Opengl and OpenTK but can't find a good solution. Update1: Updated my sourcecode with a small pyglet window-rendering example. Problem is in pyglet and referenced c-Objects. How do i include them in my c# project to be called? No idea so far... experimenting alittle now. Keeping you updated. SampleCode C#: ScriptRuntimeSetup setup = Python.CreateRuntimeSetup(null); ScriptRuntime runtime = new ScriptRuntime(setup); ScriptEngine engine = Python.GetEngine(runtime); ScriptSource source = engine.CreateScriptSourceFromFile("test.py"); ScriptScope scope = engine.CreateScope(); source.Execute(scope); SampleCode Python (test.py): from nodebox.graphics import * from nodebox.graphics.physics import Vector, Boid, Flock, Obstacle flock = Flock(50, x=-50, y=-50, width=700, height=400) flock.sight(80) def draw(canvas): canvas.clear() flock.update(separation=0.4, cohesion=0.6, alignment=0.1, teleport=True) for boid in flock: push() translate(boid.x, boid.y) scale(0.5 + boid.depth) rotate(boid.heading) arrow(0, 0, 15) pop() canvas.size = 600, 300 def main(canvas): canvas.run(draw) Update2: Line 139 [pyglet/lib.py] sys.platform is not win32... there was the error. Fixed it by just using the line: from pyglet.gl.lib_wgl import link_GL, link_GLU, link_WGL Now the following Error: 'module' object has no attribute '_getframe' Kind of a pain to fix it. Updating with results... Update3: Fixed by adding following line right after first line in C#-Code: setup.Options["Frames"] = true; Current Problem: No module named unicodedata, but in Python26/DLLs is only a *.pyd file`. So.. how do i implement it now?!

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  • Drawing Bresenham’s Line- Algorithm in all quadrants

    - by Yoyo2965259
    I am newbie for OpenGL. I am practicing the exercises from my textbook but I could not get the outputs which is should be in Bresenham's Line Algorithm in all quadrants. Here's the coding: #include <Windows.h> #include <GL/glut.h> void init(void) { glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glShadeModel(GL_FLAT); } void BresnCir(void) { int delta, deltadash; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glPointSize(3.0); int r = 150; int x = 0; int y = r; int D = 2 * (1 - r); glBegin(GL_POINTS); do { glVertex2i(x, y); if (D < 0) { delta = 2 * D + 2 * y - 1; if (delta <= 0) { x++; Right(x); } else { x++; y--; Diagonal(x, y); } glVertex2i(x, y); } else { deltadash = 2 * D - 2 * x - 1; if (deltadash <= 0) { x++; y--; Diagonal(x, y); } else { y--; Down(y); } glVertex2i(x, y); } if (D == 0) { x++; y--; Diagonal(x, y); glVertex2i(x, y); } } while (y > 0); glEnd(); glFlush(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(400, 150); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); init(); glutDisplayFunc(BresnCir); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } But, it keep comes out with errors C3861.

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  • How do I destruct data associated with an object after the object no longer exists?

    - by Phineas
    I'm creating a class (say, C) that associates data (say, D) with an object (say, O). When O is destructed, O will notify C that it soon will no longer exist :( ... Later, when C feels it is the right time, C will let go of what belonged to O, namely D. If D can be any type of object, what's the best way for C to be able to execute "delete D;"? And what if D is an array of objects? My solution is to have D derive from a base class that C has knowledge of. When the time comes, C calls delete on a pointer to the base class. I've also considered storing void pointers and calling delete, but I found out that's undefined behavior and doesn't call D's destructor. I considered that templates could be a novel solution, but I couldn't work that idea out. Here's what I have so far for C, minus some details: // This class is C in the above description. There may be many instances of C. class Context { public: // D will inherit from this class class Data { public: virtual ~Data() {} }; Context(); ~Context(); // Associates an owner (O) with its data (D) void add(const void* owner, Data* data); // O calls this when he knows its the end (O's destructor). // All instances of C are now aware that O is gone and its time to get rid // of all associated instances of D. static void purge (const void* owner); // This is called periodically in the application. It checks whether // O has called purge, and calls "delete D;" void refresh(); // Side note: sometimes O needs access to D Data *get (const void *owner); private: // Used for mapping owners (O) to data (D) std::map _data; }; // Here's an example of O class Mesh { public: ~Mesh() { Context::purge(this); } void init(Context& c) const { Data* data = new Data; // GL initialization here c.add(this, new Data); } void render(Context& c) const { Data* data = c.get(this); } private: // And here's an example of D struct Data : public Context::Data { ~Data() { glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo); glDeleteTextures(1, &texture); } GLint vbo; GLint texture; }; }; P.S. If you're familiar with computer graphics and VR, I'm creating a class that separates an object's per-context data (e.g. OpenGL VBO IDs) from its per-application data (e.g. an array of vertices) and frees the per-context data at the appropriate time (when the matching rendering context is current).

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  • How to distort the desktop screen

    - by HaifengWang
    Hi friends, I want to change the shape of the desktop screen, so what are displayed on the desktop will be distorted at the same time. And the user can still operate the PC with the mouse on the distorted desktop(Run the applications, Open the "My Computer" and so on). I think I must get the projection matrix of the screen coordinate at first. Then transform the matrix, and map the desktop buffer image to the distorted mesh. Are there any interfaces which can modify the shape of the desktop screen in OpenGL or DirectX? Would you please give me some tip on it. Thank you very much in advance. Please refer to the picture from http://oi53.tinypic.com/bhewdx.jpg BR, Haifeng Addition1: I'm sorry! Maybe I didn't express clearly what I want to implement. What I want to implement is to modify the shape of the screen. So we can distort the shapes of all the applications which are run on Windows at the same time. For example that the window of "My Computer" will be distorted with the distortion of the desktop screen. And we can still operate the PC with mouse from the distorted desktop(Click the shortcut to run a program). Addition2: The projection matrix is just my assume. There isn't any desktop projection matrix by which the desktop surface is projected to the screen. What I want to implement is to change the shape of the desktop, as the same with mapping the desktop to an 3D mesh. But the user can still operate the OS on the distorted desktop(Click the shortcut to run a program, open the ie to surf the internet). Addition3: The shapes of all the programs run on the OS are changed with the distortion of the screen. It's realtime. The user can still operate the OS on the distorted screen as usually. Maybe we can intercept or override the GPU itself to implement the effect. I'm investigating GDI, I think I can find some clue for that. The first step is to find how to show the desktop on the screen.

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  • Collision Detection probelm (intersection with plane)

    - by Demi
    I'm doing a scene using openGL (a house). I want to do some collision detection, mainly with the walls in the house. I have tried the following code: // a plane is represented with a normal and a position in space Vector planeNor(0,0,1); Vector position(0,0,-10); Plane p(planeNor,position); Vector vel(0,0,-1); double lamda; // this is the intersection point Vector pNormal; // the normal of the intersection // this method is from Nehe's Lesson 30 coll= p.TestIntersionPlane(vel,Z,lamda,pNormal); glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); if(coll) glColor3f(1,0,0); else glColor3f(1,1,1); glVertex3d(0,0,-10); glVertex3d(3,0,-10); glVertex3d(3,3,-10); glVertex3d(0,3,-10); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); Nehe's method: #define EPSILON 1.0e-8 #define ZERO EPSILON bool Plane::TestIntersionPlane(const Vector3 & position,const Vector3 & direction, double& lamda, Vector3 & pNormal) { double DotProduct=direction.scalarProduct(normal); // Dot Product Between Plane Normal And Ray Direction double l2; // Determine If Ray Parallel To Plane if ((DotProduct<ZERO)&&(DotProduct>-ZERO)) return false; l2=(normal.scalarProduct(position))/DotProduct; // Find Distance To Collision Point if (l2<-ZERO) // Test If Collision Behind Start return false; pNormal= normal; lamda=l2; return true; } Z is initially (0,0,0) and every time I move the camera towards the plane, I reduce its z component by 0.1 (i.e. Z.z-=0.1 ). I know that the problem is with the vel vector, but I can't figure out what the right value should be. Can anyone please help me?

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  • 2 Shaders using the same vertex data

    - by Fonix
    So im having problems rendering using 2 different shaders. Im currently rendering shapes that represent dice, what i want is if the dice is selected by the user, it draws an outline by drawing the dice completely red and slightly scaled up, then render the proper dice over it. At the moment some of the dice, for some reason, render the wrong dice for the outline, but the right one for the proper foreground dice. Im wondering if they aren't getting their vertex data mixed up somehow. Im not sure if doing something like this is even allowed in openGL: glGenBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, numVertices*sizeof(GLfloat), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(effect->vertCoord); glVertexAttribPointer(effect->vertCoord, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(effect->toon_vertCoord); glVertexAttribPointer(effect->toon_vertCoord, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); im trying to bind the vertex data to 2 different shaders here when i load my first shader i have: vertCoord = glGetAttribLocation(TexAndLighting, "position"); and the other shader has: toon_vertCoord = glGetAttribLocation(Toon, "position"); if I use the shaders independently of each other they work fine, but when i try to render both one on top of the other they get the model mixed up some times. here is how my draw function looks: - (void) draw { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); effect->modelViewMatrix = mvm; effect->numberColour = GLKVector4Make(numbers[colorSelected].r, numbers[colorSelected].g, numbers[colorSelected].b, 1); effect->faceColour = GLKVector4Make(faceColors[colorSelected].r, faceColors[colorSelected].g, faceColors[colorSelected].b, 1); if(selected){ [effect drawOutline]; //this function prepares the shader glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); } [effect prepareToDraw]; //same with this one glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); } this is what it looks like, as you can see most of the outlines are using the wrong dice, or none at all: links to full code: http://pastebin.com/yDKb3wrD Dice.mm //rendering stuff http://pastebin.com/eBK0pzrK Effects.mm //shader stuff http://pastebin.com/5LtDAk8J //my shaders, shouldn't be anything to do with them though TL;DR: trying to use 2 different shaders that use the same vertex data, but its getting the models mixed up when rendering using both at the same time, well thats what i think is going wrong, quite stumped actually.

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  • How to calculate where bullet hits

    - by lkjoel
    I have been trying to write an FPS in C/X11/OpenGL, but the issue that I have encountered is with calculating where the bullet hits. I have used a horrible technique, and it only sometimes works: pos size, p; size.x = 0.1; size.z = 0.1; // Since the game is technically top-down (but in a 3D perspective) // Positions are in X/Z, no Y float f; // Counter float d = FIRE_MAX + 1 /* Shortest Distance */, d1 /* Distance being calculated */; x = 0; // Index of object to hit for (f = 0.0; f < FIRE_MAX; f += .01) { // Go forwards p.x = player->pos.x + f * sin(toRadians(player->rot.x)); p.z = player->pos.z - f * cos(toRadians(player->rot.x)); // Get all objects that collide with the current position of the bullet short* objs = _colDetectGetObjects(p, size, objects); for (i = 0; i < MAX_OBJECTS; i++) { if (objs[i] == -1) { continue; } // Check the distance between the object and the player d1 = sqrt( pow((objects[i].pos.x - player->pos.x), 2) + pow((objects[i].pos.z - player->pos.z), 2)); // If it's closer, set it as the object to hit if (d1 < d) { x = i; d = d1; } } // If there was an object, hit it if (x > 0) { hit(&objects[x], FIRE_DAMAGE, explosions, currtime); break; } } It just works by making a for-loop and calculating any objects that might collide with where the bullet currently is. This, of course, is very slow, and sometimes doesn't even work. What would be the preferred way to calculate where the bullet hits? I have thought of making a line and seeing if any objects collide with that line, but I have no idea how to do that kind of collision detection. EDIT: I guess my question is this: How do I calculate the nearest object colliding in a line (that might not be a straight 45/90 degree angle)? Or are there any simpler methods of calculating where the bullet hits? The bullet is sort of like a laser, in the sense that gravity does not affect it (writing an old-school game, so I don't want it to be too realistic)

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  • Weird order when painting triangle outlines using GL_LINE_STRIP

    - by RayDeeA
    I'm developing an app for iOS-Plaftorms using OpenGL. Currently I'm having a weird issue when painting a plane (terrain) which consists of multiple subplanes, where each subplane consists of 2 triangles forming a rect. I'm painting this terrain as a wireframe by using a call to glDrawElements and provide the parameters GL_Line_Strip and the precalculated indices. The problem is that the triangles get painted in the wrong order or are rather vertically mirrored. They do not get painted in the order how I specified the indices, which is confusing. This is the simplified code to generate the vertices: for(NSInteger y = - gridSegmentsY / 2; y < gridSegmentsY / 2; y ++) { for(NSInteger x = - gridSegmentsX / 2; x < gridSegmentsX / 2; x ++) { vertices[pos++] = x * 5; vertices[pos++] = y * 5; vertices[pos++] = 0; } } This is how I generate the indices including degenerated ones (To use as IBO). pos = 0; for(int y = 0; y < gridSegmentsY - 1; y ++) { if (y > 0) { // Degenerate begin: repeat first vertex indices[pos++] = (unsigned short)(y * gridSegmentsY); } for(int x = 0; x < gridSegmentsX; x++) { // One part of the strip indices[pos++] = (unsigned short)((y * gridSegmentsY) + x); indices[pos++] = (unsigned short)(((y + 1) * gridSegmentsY) + x); } if (y < gridSegmentsY - 2) { // Degenerate end: repeat last vertex indices[pos++] = (unsigned short)(((y + 1) * gridSegmentsY) + (gridSegmentsX - 1)); } } So in this part... indices[pos++] = (unsigned short)((y * gridSegmentsY) + x); indices[pos++] = (unsigned short)(((y + 1) * gridSegmentsY) + x); ...I'm setting the first index in the indices array to point to the current (x,y) and the next index to (x,y+1). I'm doin' this for all x's in the current strip, then I'm handling degenerated triangles and repeat this procedure for the next strip (y+1). This method is taken from http://www.learnopengles.com/android-lesson-eight-an-introduction-to-index-buffer-objects-ibos/ So I expect the resulting mesh to get painted like: a----b----c | /| /| | / | / | | / | / | |/ |/ | d----e----f | /| /| | / | / | | / | / | |/ |/ | g----h----i by painting it as described using: glDrawElements(GL_LINE_STRIP, indexCount, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); ...since I expect GL_Line_Strip to paint first a line from (a-d), then from (d-b), then (b, e)... and so on (as specified in the indices calculation) But what actually gets painted is: *----*----* |\ |\ | | \ | \ | | \ | \ | | \| \| *----*----* |\ |\ | | \ | \ | | \ | \ | | \| \| *----*----* So the triangles are somehow painted in the wrong order and I need to know why? ;). Does somebody know? Does the problem lie in using GL_Line_Strip or is there a bug in my code? My eye is at (0.0f, 0.0f, 20.0f) and looks at (0,0,0). The mesh is painted along the x-axis & y-axis from left to right with z = 0, so the mesh should not be flipped or anything.

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  • GLSL Error: failed to preprocess the source. How can I troubleshoot this?

    - by Brent Parker
    I'm trying to learn to play with OpenGL GLSL shaders. I've written a very simple program to simply create a shader and compile it. However, whenever I get to the compile step, I get the error: Error: Preprocessor error Error: failed to preprocess the source. Here's my very simple code: #include <GL/gl.h> #include <GL/glu.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <GL/glext.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; const int screenWidth = 640; const int screenHeight = 480; const GLchar* gravity_shader[] = { "#version 140" "uniform float t;" "uniform mat4 MVP;" "in vec4 pos;" "in vec4 vel;" "const vec4 g = vec4(0.0, 0.0, -9.80, 0.0);" "void main() {" " vec4 position = pos;" " position += t*vel + t*t*g;" " gl_Position = MVP * position;" "}" }; double pointX = (double)screenWidth/2.0; double pointY = (double)screenWidth/2.0; void initShader() { GLuint shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); glShaderSource(shader, 1, gravity_shader, NULL); glCompileShader(shader); GLint compiled = true; glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled); if(!compiled) { GLint length; GLchar* log; glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length); log = (GLchar*)malloc(length); glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, length, &length, log); std::cout << log <<std::endl; free(log); } exit(0); } bool myInit() { initShader(); glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glPointSize(1.0); glLineWidth(1.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble) screenWidth, 0.0, (GLdouble) screenHeight); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); return true; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(screenWidth, screenHeight); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 150); glutCreateWindow("Mouse Interaction Display"); myInit(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } Where am I going wrong? If it helps, I am trying to do this on a Acer Aspire One with an atom processor and integrated Intel video running the latest Ubuntu. It's not very powerful, but then again, this is a very simple shader. Thanks a lot for taking a look!

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  • Problem exporting NSOpenGLView pixel data to some image file formats using ImageKit & CGImageDestina

    - by walkytalky
    I am developing an application to visualise some experimental data. One of its functions is to render the data in an NSOpenGLView subclass, and allow the resulting image to be exported to a file or copied to the clipboard. The view exports the data as an NSImage, generated like this: - (NSImage*) image { NSBitmapImageRep* imageRep; NSImage* image; NSSize viewSize = [self bounds].size; int width = viewSize.width; int height = viewSize.height; [self lockFocus]; [self drawRect:[self bounds]]; [self unlockFocus]; imageRep=[[[NSBitmapImageRep alloc] initWithBitmapDataPlanes:NULL pixelsWide:width pixelsHigh:height bitsPerSample:8 samplesPerPixel:4 hasAlpha:YES isPlanar:NO colorSpaceName:NSDeviceRGBColorSpace bytesPerRow:width*4 bitsPerPixel:32] autorelease]; [[self openGLContext] makeCurrentContext]; glReadPixels(0,0,width,height,GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,[imageRep bitmapData]); image=[[[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:NSMakeSize(width,height)] autorelease]; [image addRepresentation:imageRep]; [image setFlipped:YES]; // this is deprecated in 10.6 [image lockFocusOnRepresentation:imageRep]; // this will flip the rep [image unlockFocus]; return image; } Copying uses this image very simply, like this: - (IBAction) copy:(id) sender { NSImage* img = [self image]; NSPasteboard* pb = [NSPasteboard generalPasteboard]; [pb clearContents]; NSArray* copied = [NSArray arrayWithObject:img]; [pb writeObjects:copied]; } For file writing, I use the ImageKit IKSaveOptions accessory panel to set the output file type and associated options, then use the following code to do the writing: NSImage* glImage = [glView image]; NSRect rect = [glView bounds]; rect.origin.x = rect.origin.y = 0; img = [glImage CGImageForProposedRect:&rect context:[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] hints:nil]; if (img) { NSURL* url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath: path]; CGImageDestinationRef dest = CGImageDestinationCreateWithURL((CFURLRef)url, (CFStringRef)newUTType, 1, NULL); if (dest) { CGImageDestinationAddImage(dest, img, (CFDictionaryRef)[imgSaveOptions imageProperties]); CGImageDestinationFinalize(dest); CFRelease(dest); } } (I've trimmed a bit of extraneous code here, but nothing that would affect the outcome as far as I can see. The newUTType comes from the IKSaveOptions panel.) This works fine when the file is exported as GIF, JPEG, PNG, PSD or TIFF, but exporting to PDF, BMP, TGA, ICNS and JPEG-2000 produces a red colour artefact on part of the image. Example images are below, the first exported as JPG, the second as PDF. Copy to clipboard does not exhibit this red stripe with the current implementation of image, but it did with the original implementation, which generated the imageRep using NSCalibratedRGBColorSpace rather than NSDeviceRGBColorSpace. So I'm guessing there's some issue with the colour representation in the pixels I get from OpenGL that doesn't get through the subsequent conversions properly, but I'm at a loss as to what to do about it. So, can anyone tell me (i) what is causing this, and (ii) how can I make it go away? I don't care so much about all of the formats but I'd really like at least PDF to work.

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  • can't get texture to work

    - by user583713
    It been a while since I use android opengl but for what ever reason I get a white squre box and not the texture I what on the screen. Oh I do not think this would matter but just in case I put a linerlayout view first then the surfaceview on but anyway Here my code: public class GameEngine { private float vertices[]; private float textureUV[]; private int[] textureId = new int[1]; private FloatBuffer vertextBuffer; private FloatBuffer textureBuffer; private short indices[] = {0,1,2,2,1,3}; private ShortBuffer indexBuffer; private float x, y, z; private float rot, rotX, rotY, rotZ; public GameEngine() { } public void setEngine(float x, float y, float vertices[]){ this.x = x; this.y = y; this.vertices = vertices; ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(this.vertices.length * 4); vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); vertextBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer(); vertextBuffer.put(this.vertices); vertextBuffer.position(0); vertextBuffer.clear(); ByteBuffer ibb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length * 2); ibb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); indexBuffer = ibb.asShortBuffer(); indexBuffer.put(indices); indexBuffer.position(0); indexBuffer.clear(); } public void draw(GL10 gl){ gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glTranslatef(x, y, z); gl.glRotatef(rot, rotX, rotY, rotZ); gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId[0]); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertextBuffer); gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, textureBuffer); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, indices.length, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indexBuffer); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } public void LoadTexture(float textureUV[], GL10 gl, InputStream is) throws IOException{ this.textureUV = textureUV; ByteBuffer tbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(this.textureUV.length * 4); tbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); textureBuffer = tbb.asFloatBuffer(); textureBuffer.put(this.textureUV); textureBuffer.position(0); textureBuffer.clear(); Bitmap bitmap = null; try{ bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); }finally{ try{ is.close(); is = null; gl.glGenTextures(1, textureId,0); gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId[0]); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); //Different possible texture parameters, e.g. GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT); //Use the Android GLUtils to specify a two-dimensional texture image from our bitmap GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); //Clean up gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId[0]); bitmap.recycle(); }catch(IOException e){ } } } public void setVector(float x, float y, float z){ this.x = x; this.y = y; this.z = z; } public void setRot(float rot, float x, float y, float z){ this.rot = rot; this.rotX = x; this.rotY = y; this.rotZ = z; } public float getZ(){ return z; } }

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  • screnshot in android

    - by ujjawal
    The following is the code I am using to take a screen shot using GLSurfaceView. But I dont know why the onDraw() method in the GLSurfaceView.Renderer Class is not being called. Please if some one can look at the code below and point out what am I doing wrong.`public class MainActivity extends Activity { private GLSurfaceView mGLView; int x,y,w,h; Display disp; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); // ToDo add your GUI initialization code here setContentView(R.layout.main); x=0; y=0; disp = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay(); w = disp.getWidth(); h = disp.getHeight(); mGLView = new ClearGLSurfaceView(this); } class ClearGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView { public ClearGLSurfaceView(Context context) { super(context); setDebugFlags(DEBUG_CHECK_GL_ERROR | DEBUG_LOG_GL_CALLS); mRenderer = new ClearRenderer(); setRenderer(mRenderer); } ClearRenderer mRenderer; } class ClearRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer { public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) { // Do nothing special. } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int w, int h) { //gl.glViewport(0, 0, w, h); } public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { //gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); int b[]=new int[w*(y+h)]; int bt[]=new int[w*h]; IntBuffer ib=IntBuffer.wrap(b); ib.position(0); gl.glReadPixels(x, 0, w, y+h, GL10.GL_RGBA, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ib); for(int i=0, k=0; i<h; i++, k++) {//remember, that OpenGL bitmap is incompatible with Android bitmap //and so, some correction need. for(int j=0; j<w; j++) { int pix=b[i*w+j]; int pb=(pix>>16)&0xff; int pr=(pix<<16)&0x00ff0000; int pix1=(pix&0xff00ff00) | pr | pb; bt[(h-k-1)*w+j]=pix1; } } Bitmap bmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bt, w, h,Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); try { File f = new File("/sdcard/testpicture.png"); f.createNewFile(); FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(f); bmp.compress(CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fos); try { fos.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } try { fos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } ` Please someone help me out. I have just started learning to work on android.

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  • Draw camera position in specific view port.

    - by snackbar
    Most of this code should be fairly self explanatory. I got an display function and my view port function. There are two modes which is 4 small view ports in the window or one large. I got one camera which can be moved and if in 4 view port mode just 3 fixed angles. The thing is I want the free moving cameras position to be displayed in the 3 other view ports. I tried doing it by drawing spheres using opengl but the problem is that then the position gets draw in the free roaming camera too as it shows the same scene. It doesn't have to be a sphere, just something simple that represents the cameras spacial position in these three other views. Drawing the scene once with camera object showing for the three viewports, render to texture. Clear and draw scene without camera object render to texture and then stitch these together before actually drawing the scene seems like a lot o work for something that should be easy. void display(int what) { if(what==5){ glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); camControll();} if(what==1){ glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(75,15,-5,0,5,-5,0,1,0);} if(what==2){ glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0,110,0,0,0,0,1,0,0);} if(what==3){ glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, float(320) / float(240), 0.1f, 100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); camControll();} if(what==4){ glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(185,75,25,0,28,0,0,1,0);} glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); drawScene(); drawCamera(); glutSwapBuffers(); } void viewport(){ glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST); if(!divided_view_port) { glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glScissor(0,0,640,480); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 100.0f); display(5); } else { ////////////////////// bottom left - working glViewport(0, 0, w/2, h/2); glScissor(0,0,w/2,h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(1); ////////////////////// ////////////////////// top right - working glViewport(w/2, h/2, w/2, h/2); glScissor(w/2,h/2,w/2,h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(2); ////////////////////// ////////////////////// bottom right -working glViewport(w/2, 0, w/2, h/2); glScissor(w/2,0,w/2,h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(3); //////////////////////// ////////////////////////// top left glViewport(0, h/2, w/2, h/2); glScissor(0,h/2,w/2,h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(4); /////////////////////////// } glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); }

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