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• number of tracks

  - by Phenom

  If you know the disk capacity, bytes per tack, and number of surfaces, then how do you calculate the number of tracks?

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• SQL SERVER – Guest Posts – Feodor Georgiev – The Context of Our Database Environment – Going Beyond the Internal SQL Server Waits – Wait Type – Day 21 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  This guest post is submitted by Feodor. Feodor Georgiev is a SQL Server database specialist with extensive experience of thinking both within and outside the box. He has wide experience of different systems and solutions in the fields of architecture, scalability, performance, etc. Feodor has experience with SQL Server 2000 and later versions, and is certified in SQL Server 2008. In this article Feodor explains the server-client-server process, and concentrated on the mutual waits between client and SQL Server. This is essential in grasping the concept of waits in a ‘global’ application plan. Recently I was asked to write a blog post about the wait statistics in SQL Server and since I had been thinking about writing it for quite some time now, here it is. It is a wide-spread idea that the wait statistics in SQL Server will tell you everything about your performance. Well, almost. Or should I say – barely. The reason for this is that SQL Server is always a part of a bigger system – there are always other players in the game: whether it is a client application, web service, any other kind of data import/export process and so on. In short, the SQL Server surroundings look like this: This means that SQL Server, aside from its internal waits, also depends on external waits and settings. As we can see in the picture above, SQL Server needs to have an interface in order to communicate with the surrounding clients over the network. For this communication, SQL Server uses protocol interfaces. I will not go into detail about which protocols are best, but you can read this article. Also, review the information about the TDS (Tabular data stream). As we all know, our system is only as fast as its slowest component. This means that when we look at our environment as a whole, the SQL Server might be a victim of external pressure, no matter how well we have tuned our database server performance. Let’s dive into an example: let’s say that we have a web server, hosting a web application which is using data from our SQL Server, hosted on another server. The network card of the web server for some reason is malfunctioning (think of a hardware failure, driver failure, or just improper setup) and does not send/receive data faster than 10Mbs. On the other end, our SQL Server will not be able to send/receive data at a faster rate either. This means that the application users will notify the support team and will say: “My data is coming very slow.” Now, let’s move on to a bit more exciting example: imagine that there is a similar setup as the example above – one web server and one database server, and the application is not using any stored procedure calls, but instead for every user request the application is sending 80kb query over the network to the SQL Server. (I really thought this does not happen in real life until I saw it one day.) So, what happens in this case? To make things worse, let’s say that the 80kb query text is submitted from the application to the SQL Server at least 100 times per minute, and as often as 300 times per minute in peak times. Here is what happens: in order for this query to reach the SQL Server, it will have to be broken into a of number network packets (according to the packet size settings) – and will travel over the network. On the other side, our SQL Server network card will receive the packets, will pass them to our network layer, the packets will get assembled, and eventually SQL Server will start processing the query – parsing, allegorizing, generating the query execution plan and so on. So far, we have already had a serious network overhead by waiting for the packets to reach our Database Engine. There will certainly be some processing overhead – until the database engine deals with the 80kb query and its 20 subqueries. The waits you see in the DMVs are actually collected from the point the query reaches the SQL Server and the packets are assembled. Let’s say that our query is processed and it finally returns 15000 rows. These rows have a certain size as well, depending on the data types returned. This means that the data will have converted to packages (depending on the network size package settings) and will have to reach the application server. There will also be waits, however, this time you will be able to see a wait type in the DMVs called ASYNC_NETWORK_IO. What this wait type indicates is that the client is not consuming the data fast enough and the network buffers are filling up. Recently Pinal Dave posted a blog on Client Statistics. What Client Statistics does is captures the physical flow characteristics of the query between the client(Management Studio, in this case) and the server and back to the client. As you see in the image, there are three categories: Query Profile Statistics, Network Statistics and Time Statistics. Number of server roundtrips–a roundtrip consists of a request sent to the server and a reply from the server to the client. For example, if your query has three select statements, and they are separated by ‘GO’ command, then there will be three different roundtrips. TDS Packets sent from the client – TDS (tabular data stream) is the language which SQL Server speaks, and in order for applications to communicate with SQL Server, they need to pack the requests in TDS packets. TDS Packets sent from the client is the number of packets sent from the client; in case the request is large, then it may need more buffers, and eventually might even need more server roundtrips. TDS packets received from server –is the TDS packets sent by the server to the client during the query execution. Bytes sent from client – is the volume of the data set to our SQL Server, measured in bytes; i.e. how big of a query we have sent to the SQL Server. This is why it is best to use stored procedures, since the reusable code (which already exists as an object in the SQL Server) will only be called as a name of procedure + parameters, and this will minimize the network pressure. Bytes received from server – is the amount of data the SQL Server has sent to the client, measured in bytes. Depending on the number of rows and the datatypes involved, this number will vary. But still, think about the network load when you request data from SQL Server. Client processing time – is the amount of time spent in milliseconds between the first received response packet and the last received response packet by the client. Wait time on server replies – is the time in milliseconds between the last request packet which left the client and the first response packet which came back from the server to the client. Total execution time – is the sum of client processing time and wait time on server replies (the SQL Server internal processing time) Here is an illustration of the Client-server communication model which should help you understand the mutual waits in a client-server environment. Keep in mind that a query with a large ‘wait time on server replies’ means the server took a long time to produce the very first row. This is usual on queries that have operators that need the entire sub-query to evaluate before they proceed (for example, sort and top operators). However, a query with a very short ‘wait time on server replies’ means that the query was able to return the first row fast. However a long ‘client processing time’ does not necessarily imply the client spent a lot of time processing and the server was blocked waiting on the client. It can simply mean that the server continued to return rows from the result and this is how long it took until the very last row was returned. The bottom line is that developers and DBAs should work together and think carefully of the resource utilization in the client-server environment. From experience I can say that so far I have seen only cases when the application developers and the Database developers are on their own and do not ask questions about the other party’s world. I would recommend using the Client Statistics tool during new development to track the performance of the queries, and also to find a synchronous way of utilizing resources between the client – server – client. Here is another example: think about similar setup as above, but add another server to the game. Let’s say that we keep our media on a separate server, and together with the data from our SQL Server we need to display some images on the webpage requested by our user. No matter how simple or complicated the logic to get the images is, if the images are 500kb each our users will get the page slowly and they will still think that there is something wrong with our data. Anyway, I don’t mean to get carried away too far from SQL Server. Instead, what I would like to say is that DBAs should also be aware of ‘the big picture’. I wrote a blog post a while back on this topic, and if you are interested, you can read it here about the big picture. And finally, here are some guidelines for monitoring the network performance and improving it: Run a trace and outline all queries that return more than 1000 rows (in Profiler you can actually filter and sort the captured trace by number of returned rows). This is not a set number; it is more of a guideline. The general thought is that no application user can consume that many rows at once. Ask yourself and your fellow-developers: ‘why?’. Monitor your network counters in Perfmon: Network Interface:Output queue length, Redirector:Network errors/sec, TCPv4: Segments retransmitted/sec and so on. Make sure to establish a good friendship with your network administrator (buy them coffee, for example J ) and get into a conversation about the network settings. Have them explain to you how the network cards are setup – are they standalone, are they ‘teamed’, what are the settings – full duplex and so on. Find some time to read a bit about networking. In this short blog post I hope I have turned your attention to ‘the big picture’ and the fact that there are other factors affecting our SQL Server, aside from its internal workings. As a further reading I would still highly recommend the Wait Stats series on this blog, also I would recommend you have the coffee break conversation with your network admin as soon as possible. This guest post is written by Feodor Georgiev. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL

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• Learn Domain-Driven Design

  - by Ben Griswold

  I just wrote about how I like to present on unfamiliar topics. With this said, Domain-Driven Design (DDD) is no exception. This is yet another area I knew enough about to be dangerous but I certainly was no expert.  As it turns out, researching this topic wasn’t easy. I could be wrong, but it is as if DDD is a secret to which few are privy. If you search the Interwebs, you will likely find little information about DDD until you start rolling over rocks to find that one great write-up, a handful of podcasts and videos and the Readers’ Digest version of the Blue Book which apparently you must read if you really want to get the complete, unabridged skinny on DDD.  Even Wikipedia’s write-up is skimpy which I didn’t know was possible…   Here’s a list of valuable resources.  If you, too, are interested in DDD, this is a good starting place.  Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software by Eric Evans Domain-Driven Design Quickly, by Abel Avram & Floyd Marinescu An Introduction to Domain-Driven Design by David Laribee Talking Domain-Driven Design with David Laribee Part 1, Deep Fried Bytes Talking Domain-Driven Design with David Laribee Part 2, Deep Fried Bytes Eric Evans on Domain Driven Design, .NET Rocks Domain-Driven Design Community Eric Evans on Domain Driven Design Jimmy Nilsson on Domain Driven Design Domain-Driven Design Wikipedia What I’ve Learned About DDD Since the Book, Eric Evans Domain Driven Design, Alt.Net Podcast Applying Domain-Driven Design and Patterns: With Examples in C# and .NET, Jimmy Nilsson Domain-Driven Design Discussion Group DDD: Putting the Model to Work by Eric Evans The Official DDD Site

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• How do I align my partition table properly?

  - by Jorge Castro

  I am in the process of building my first RAID5 array. I've used mdadm to create the following set up: root@bondigas:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 20 20:00:41 2010 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860543488 (5589.05 GiB 6001.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Oct 20 20:13:48 2010 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 1% complete UUID : f6dc829e:aa29b476:edd1ef19:85032322 (local to host bondigas) Events : 0.12 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 4 8 64 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sde While that's going I decided to format the beast with the following command: root@bondigas:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1 mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) /dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes. This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested. Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=16 blocks, Stripe width=48 blocks 97853440 inodes, 391394047 blocks 19569702 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 11945 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Writing inode tables: ^C 27/11945 root@bondigas:~# ^C I am unsure what to do about "/dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes." and how to properly partition the disks to match so I can format it properly.

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• Can't add Fedora 14 to grub.

  - by Dananjaya

  Today I installed Fedora 14 in a different partition in the same hard drive as Ubuntu. At the Fedora 14 installation, I chose not to install Boot-loader in the MBR, and instead chose to install it in the Fedora partition itself, which is according to my HD layout /sda3. After the Fedora 14 installation I booted in to Ubuntu and ran sudo update-grub but 'grub.cfg' fails to add Fedora 14 in to the OS list. Here is the output of boot-info script. Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== = Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos1)/boot/grub on this drive. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: Grub Legacy Boot sector info: Grub Legacy (v0.97) is installed in the boot sector of sda3 and looks at sector 49897340 on boot drive #1 for the stage2 file. A stage2 file is at this location on /dev/sda. Stage2 looks on partition #3 for /grub/grub.conf. Operating System: Boot files: /grub/menu.lst /grub/grub.conf sda4: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: LVM2_member Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders, total 78165360 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 49,865,759 49,863,712 83 Linux /dev/sda2 74,866,686 78,163,967 3,297,282 5 Extended /dev/sda5 74,866,688 78,163,967 3,297,280 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 49,866,752 50,890,751 1,024,000 83 Linux /dev/sda4 50,890,752 74,864,639 23,973,888 8e Linux LVM "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ext4 /dev/sda3 dea81d77-a375-4d0e-954e-1829f6b91f10 ext4 /dev/sda4 mzVoj0-GHJu-DJr4-0G2Y-SzZ0-LTfW-F01yf9 LVM2_member /dev/sda5 3e89ba8e-7754-4ee4-aca1-e2a82bffb7a7 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda1 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,commit=0) =========================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="2" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=1024x768 load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic root=UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic } submenu "Previous Linux versions" { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-28-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic root=UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-28-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.35-28-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic root=UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### if [ "x${timeout}" != "x-1" ]; then if keystatus; then if keystatus --shift; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=0 fi else if sleep --interruptible 3 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda1/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation # Commented out by Dropbox # UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=3e89ba8e-7754-4ee4-aca1-e2a82bffb7a7 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=03e2a8da-171f-49e9-b24d-434e66cd1140 / ext4 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 0.065803528 = 0.070656000 boot/grub/core.img 1 21.263332367 = 22.831329280 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 0.771381378 = 0.828264448 boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-wl 1 2.054199219 = 2.205679616 boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic 3 2.893260956 = 3.106615296 boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-28-generic 2 6.833232880 = 7.337127936 boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic 2 1.772453308 = 1.903157248 boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic 2 2.068012238 = 2.220511232 boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-28-generic 1 5.532531738 = 5.940510720 boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic 1 6.833232880 = 7.337127936 initrd.img 2 2.893260956 = 3.106615296 initrd.img.old 2 5.532531738 = 5.940510720 vmlinuz 1 2.068012238 = 2.220511232 vmlinuz.old 1 ============================= sda3/grub/grub.conf: ============================= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,2) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda3 default=0 timeout=0 splashimage=(hd0,2)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Fedora (2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686.img -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda3: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 23.792903900 = 25.547436032 grub/grub.conf 1 23.792903900 = 25.547436032 grub/menu.lst 1 23.793020248 = 25.547560960 grub/stage2 1 23.817364693 = 25.573700608 initramfs-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686.img 2 23.787566185 = 25.541704704 initrd-plymouth.img 1 23.791228294 = 25.545636864 vmlinuz-2.6.35.6-45.fc14.i686 1 ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown BootLoader on sda2 00000000 81 71 62 ff a1 94 89 ff 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ec ff |.qb.....MC:.....| 00000010 fb f6 f1 ff fc f8 f4 ff fc f8 f4 ff fc f8 f4 ff |................| 00000020 5d 56 50 ff a1 94 89 ff 81 70 62 ff 81 70 62 ff |]VP......pb..pb.| 00000030 81 70 62 ff 81 70 62 ff 81 70 62 ff a1 94 89 ff |.pb..pb..pb.....| 00000040 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ec ff fb f6 f1 ff fc f8 f4 ff |MC:.............| 00000050 fc f8 f4 ff fc f8 f4 ff 5d 56 50 ff a1 94 89 ff |........]VP.....| 00000060 81 70 62 ff 81 70 62 ff 81 70 62 ff 81 70 62 ff |.pb..pb..pb..pb.| 00000070 81 70 62 ff a1 94 89 ff 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ec ff |.pb.....MC:.....| 00000080 fb f6 f1 ff fc f8 f4 ff fc f8 f4 ff fc f8 f4 ff |................| 00000090 5d 56 50 ff a0 93 89 ff 80 6f 61 ff 80 6f 61 ff |]VP......oa..oa.| 000000a0 80 6f 61 ff 80 6f 61 ff 80 6f 61 ff a0 93 89 ff |.oa..oa..oa.....| 000000b0 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ed ff fb f6 f2 ff fc f8 f5 ff |MC:.............| 000000c0 fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff 5d 56 50 ff 9f 93 88 ff |........]VP.....| 000000d0 7f 6f 60 ff 7f 6f 60 ff 7f 6f 60 ff 7f 6f 60 ff |.o`..o`..o`..o`.| 000000e0 7f 6f 60 ff 9f 93 88 ff 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ed ff |.o`.....MC:.....| 000000f0 fb f6 f2 ff fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff |................| 00000100 5d 56 50 ff 9f 93 88 ff 7f 6f 60 ff 7f 6f 60 ff |]VP......o`..o`.| 00000110 7f 6f 60 ff 7f 6f 60 ff 7f 6f 60 ff 9f 93 88 ff |.o`..o`..o`.....| 00000120 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ed ff fb f6 f2 ff fc f8 f5 ff |MC:.............| 00000130 fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff 5d 56 50 ff 9e 92 88 ff |........]VP.....| 00000140 7e 6e 60 ff 7e 6e 60 ff 7e 6e 60 ff 7e 6e 60 ff |~n`.~n`.~n`.~n`.| 00000150 7e 6e 60 ff 9e 92 88 ff 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ed ff |~n`.....MC:.....| 00000160 fb f6 f2 ff fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff |................| 00000170 5d 56 50 ff 9e 92 88 ff 7d 6d 5f ff 7d 6d 5f ff |]VP.....}m_.}m_.| 00000180 7d 6d 5f ff 7d 6d 5f ff 7d 6d 5f ff 9e 92 88 ff |}m_.}m_.}m_.....| 00000190 4d 43 3a ff fa f2 ed ff fb f6 f2 ff fc f8 f5 ff |MC:.............| 000001a0 fc f8 f5 ff fc f8 f5 ff 5d 56 50 ff 9e 92 88 ff |........]VP.....| 000001b0 7d 6d 5f ff 7d 6d 5f ff 7d 6d 5f ff 7d 6d 00 fe |}m_.}m_.}m_.}m..| 000001c0 ff ff 82 fe ff ff 02 00 00 00 00 50 32 00 00 00 |...........P2...| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== unlzma: Decoder error According to this Fedora 14 is visible in sda3. Does anybody know a way to add Fedora 14 to grub.cfg of Ubuntu so I can choose which OS to boot? Thanks in advance.

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• Davicom Semiconductor, Inc. 21x4x DEC-Tulip not detected by Wireshark but IP operational

  - by deepsix86

  Recently flipped to Ubuntu 11.10 on a Dell 4300 (Intel). Getting IP address and no issues (ping/surf) but Wireshark unable to detect eth0 interface. I see references in forums to blacklist tulip but looks like I am running dmfe. Not sure if the blacklist is required and where to go from here. Maybe Driver update? Got a little lost looking in that area. Some h/w details below (IP/MAC/HOSTNAME removed) Linux xxxxxx 3.0.0-17-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 8 17:34:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux network-admin (HOSTS TAB) does not list eth0, only loopback and bunch of IPv6 interfaces ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xxxxxxxx inet addr:192.168.x.xx Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: xxxxxxxxxxx 64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:36662 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:24975 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:42115779 (42.1 MB) TX bytes:3056435 (3.0 MB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0xe800 lspci 02:09.0 Ethernet controller: Davicom Semiconductor, Inc. 21x4x DEC-Tulip compatible 10/100 Ethernet (rev 31) Subsystem: Device 4554:434e Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 18 I/O ports at e800 [size=256] Memory at fe1ffc00 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Expansion ROM at fe200000 [disabled] [size=256K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Kernel driver in use: dmfe Kernel modules: dmfe hwinfo --netcard 20: PCI 209.0: 0200 Ethernet controller [Created at pci.318] Unique ID: rBUF.0NgK5ZS9c0D Parent ID: 6NW+.siohrLUzzI4 SysFS ID: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1e.0/0000:02:09.0 SysFS BusID: 0000:02:09.0 Hardware Class: network Model: "Davicom 21x4x DEC-Tulip compatible 10/100 Ethernet" Vendor: pci 0x1282 "Davicom Semiconductor, Inc." Device: pci 0x9102 "21x4x DEC-Tulip compatible 10/100 Ethernet" SubVendor: pci 0x4554 SubDevice: pci 0x434e Revision: 0x31 Driver: "dmfe" Driver Modules: "dmfe" Device File: eth0 I/O Ports: 0xe800-0xe8ff (rw) Memory Range: 0xfe1ffc00-0xfe1ffcff (rw,non-prefetchable) Memory Range: 0xfe200000-0xfe23ffff (ro,non-prefetchable,disabled) IRQ: 18 (61379 events) HW Address: 00:08:a1:01:35:70 Link detected: yes Module Alias: "pci:v00001282d00009102sv00004554sd0000434Ebc02sc00i00" Driver Info #0: Driver Status: dmfe is active Driver Activation Cmd: "modprobe dmfe" Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown Attached to: #11 (PCI bridge)

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• VoteCounts: bookmarklet to display up/down votes even for rep<1k

  - by SztupY

  Screenshot / Code Snippet About This small bookmarklet will allow anyone to use the "vulnerability" of the API that it allows you to check the up/down vote count - a feat you could normally achieve by being a 1k+rep user. Mainly useful for sites where you don't have this amount of rep, but want to check the stats of the more controversial questions (usually on meta) No API key is actually used here, but it's trivial to add one. License I don't think a code like this deserves anything other than WTFPL Download It's the following line (javascript - 375 bytes): javascript:(function(){a='jsonp';c=' .vote-count-post';d='up_vote_count';e='down_vote_count';$.ajax({url:document.location.href.replace(/(http:\/\/)(.*)(\/questions\/.*)\/.*/,'$1api.$2/1.0$3'),dataType:a,jsonp:a,success:function(x){b=x.questions[0];$('#question'+c).html(b[d]+"-"+b[e]);$.each(b.answers,function(z,y){$('#answer-'+y.answer_id+c).html(y[d]+"-"+y[e])})}})})() EDIT: This is longer, but it will make the result look like exactly on SO. Took a while to make it exactly 508 chars, so it works with IE too. javascript:(function(){w=function(t,q){l='_vote_count';h='up'+l;j='down'+l;k='</div>';s='<div style="color:';$(t).html(s+'green">'+(q[h]?'+':'')+q[h]+k+'<div class="vote-count-separator">'+k+s+'maroon">'+(q[j]==0?'':'-')+q[j]+k)};a='jsonp';c=' .vote-count-post';$.ajax({url:document.location.href.replace(/(http:\/\/)(.*)(\/questions\/.*)\/.*/,'$1api.$2/1.0$3'),dataType:a,jsonp:a,success:function(x){b=x.questions[0];w('#question'+c,b);$.each(b.answers,function(z,y){w('#answer-'+y.answer_id+c,y)})}})})() Platform For any jquery/bookmarklets compatible browser. Tested with Chrome, FF3.6 and IE8 for SU,SO,MSO Contact sztupy.hu Code It was written in notepad already in minified form. Used firebug to debug. Code is above. Contribute(=decrease code size or make the output nicer) any way you want. I'd be great if you'd do the second code shorter than 508 bytes. Known bugs If a question has more than 30 answers then some of the answers won't be resolved. This can be solved easily for <=100 answers, but for questions with more than 100 answers this is more difficult EDIT: updated to API version 1.0. Answers doesn't work yet.

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• VLC 2.0.3 on Lubuntu 12.04: No audio?

  - by drezabek

  I am on Lubuntu 12.04, and I have installed VLC media player version 2.0.3. When I try and play an audio file, it appears to load fine, and the media position bar displays the progress, and it says it is playing, but I can't here any thing through my speakers. I can hear game audio, web audio, and audio from SMPlayer just fine, but with VLC, I can't here anything. Below is the "Messages" output with the verbosity option set to "2 (debug)" main debug: processing request item: The Bottom, node: Playlist, skip: 0 main debug: resyncing on The Bottom main debug: The Bottom is at 0 main debug: starting playback of the new playlist item main debug: resyncing on The Bottom main debug: The Bottom is at 0 main debug: creating new input thread main debug: Creating an input for 'The Bottom' main debug: TIMER input launching for 'Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack - 01 The Bottom.flac' : 23.706 ms - Total 23.706 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 23.706 ms) main debug: using timeshift granularity of 50 MiB, in path '/tmp' main debug: `file:///home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack%20-%2001%20The%20Bottom.flac' gives access `file' demux `' path `/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack%20-%2001%20The%20Bottom.flac' main debug: creating demux: access='file' demux='' location='/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack%20-%2001%20The%20Bottom.flac' file='/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack - 01 The Bottom.flac' main debug: looking for access_demux module: 3 candidates main debug: no access_demux module matching "file" could be loaded main debug: TIMER module_need() : 2.332 ms - Total 2.332 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 2.332 ms) main debug: creating access 'file' location='/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack%20-%2001%20The%20Bottom.flac', path='/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack - 01 The Bottom.flac' main debug: looking for access module: 2 candidates filesystem debug: opening file `/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack - 01 The Bottom.flac' main debug: using access module "filesystem" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.762 ms - Total 0.762 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.762 ms) main debug: Using stream method for AStream* main debug: starting pre-buffering main debug: received first data after 0 ms main debug: pre-buffering done 1024 bytes in 0s - 43478 KiB/s main debug: looking for stream_filter module: 7 candidates main debug: no stream_filter module matching "any" could be loaded main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.236 ms - Total 0.236 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.236 ms) main debug: looking for stream_filter module: 1 candidate main debug: using stream_filter module "stream_filter_record" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.156 ms - Total 0.156 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.156 ms) main debug: creating demux: access='file' demux='' location='/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack%20-%2001%20The%20Bottom.flac' file='/home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack - 01 The Bottom.flac' main debug: looking for demux module: 54 candidates flacsys debug: Picture type=3 mime=image/png description='' file length=679371 qt4 debug: IM: Setting an input main debug: looking for packetizer module: 21 candidates main debug: using packetizer module "packetizer_flac" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.211 ms - Total 0.211 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.211 ms) main debug: using demux module "flacsys" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 4.023 ms - Total 4.023 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 4.023 ms) main debug: looking for a subtitle file in /home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex - Machinarium Soundtrack/ main debug: looking for meta reader module: 2 candidates main debug: using meta reader module "taglib" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 5.245 ms - Total 5.245 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 5.245 ms) main debug: removing module "taglib" main debug: `file:///home/doug/Music/unsorted/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack/Floex%20-%20Machinarium%20Soundtrack%20-%2001%20The%20Bottom.flac' successfully opened main debug: selecting program id=0 main debug: looking for decoder module: 30 candidates main debug: using decoder module "flac" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.442 ms - Total 0.442 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.442 ms) main debug: Buffering 0% flac debug: decode STREAMINFO flac debug: channels:2 samplerate:44100 bitspersamples:16 flac debug: STREAMINFO decoded main debug: Buffering 30% main debug: recycling audio output main debug: looking for audio output module: 3 candidates main debug: Buffering 61% pulse debug: using stereo channel map pulse debug: using library version 1.1.0 pulse debug: (compiled with version 1.1.0, protocol 26) main debug: Buffering 92% main debug: Stream buffering done (371 ms in 2 ms) pulse debug: connected locally to unix:/home/doug/.pulse/dce22254e867f905188a2ce200000003-runtime/native as client #14 pulse debug: using protocol 26, server protocol 26 pulse debug: using buffer metrics: maxlength=4194304, tlength=9880, prebuf=0, minreq=3528 pulse debug: connected to sink 0: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo main debug: using audio output module "pulse" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 4.571 ms - Total 4.571 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 4.571 ms) main debug: output 's16l' 44100 Hz Stereo frame=1 samples/4 bytes main debug: mixer 'f32l' 44100 Hz Stereo frame=1 samples/8 bytes main debug: filter(s) 'f32l'->'s16l' 44100 Hz->44100 Hz Stereo->Stereo main debug: looking for audio filter module: 14 candidates audio_format debug: f32l->s16l, bits per sample: 32->16 main debug: using audio filter module "audio_format" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.187 ms - Total 0.187 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.187 ms) main debug: conversion pipeline completed main debug: looking for audio mixer module: 2 candidates main debug: using audio mixer module "float32_mixer" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.125 ms - Total 0.125 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.125 ms) main debug: input 's16l' 44100 Hz Stereo frame=1 samples/4 bytes main debug: looking for audio filter module: 1 candidate scaletempo debug: format: 44100 rate, 2 nch, 4 bps, fl32 scaletempo debug: params: 30 stride, 0.200 overlap, 14 search scaletempo debug: 1.000 scale, 1323.000 stride_in, 1323 stride_out, 1059 standing, 264 overlap, 617 search, 2204 queue, fl32 mode main debug: using audio filter module "scaletempo" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.233 ms - Total 0.233 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.233 ms) main debug: filter(s) 's16l'->'f32l' 44100 Hz->44100 Hz Stereo->Stereo pulse debug: listing sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo (0): Built-in Audio Analog Stereo main debug: looking for audio filter module: 14 candidates audio_format debug: s16l->f32l, bits per sample: 16->32 main debug: using audio filter module "audio_format" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.147 ms - Total 0.147 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.147 ms) main debug: conversion pipeline completed pulse debug: base volume: 65536 main debug: looking for audio filter module: 1 candidate equalizer debug: equalizer loaded for 44100 Hz with 10 bands 2 pass equalizer debug: 60 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.003013 beta:0.993973 gamma:1.993901 equalizer debug: 170 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.008490 beta:0.983019 gamma:1.982437 equalizer debug: 310 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.015374 beta:0.969252 gamma:1.967331 equalizer debug: 600 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.029328 beta:0.941343 gamma:1.934254 equalizer debug: 1000 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.047918 beta:0.904163 gamma:1.884869 equalizer debug: 3000 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.130408 beta:0.739184 gamma:1.582718 equalizer debug: 6000 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.226555 beta:0.546889 gamma:1.015267 equalizer debug: 12000 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.344937 beta:0.310127 gamma:-0.181410 equalizer debug: 14000 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.366438 beta:0.267123 gamma:-0.521151 equalizer debug: 16000 Hz -> factor:0.000000 alpha:0.379009 beta:0.241981 gamma:-0.808451 main debug: using audio filter module "equalizer" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.353 ms - Total 0.353 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.353 ms) main debug: filter(s) 'f32l'->'f32l' 44100 Hz->44100 Hz Stereo->Stereo main debug: conversion pipeline completed main debug: looking for visualization2 module: 1 candidate main debug: looking for text renderer module: 2 candidates freetype debug: Building font databases. freetype debug: Took 0 microseconds freetype debug: Using Serif Bold as font from file /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf freetype debug: using fontsize: 2 main debug: using text renderer module "freetype" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 3.278 ms - Total 3.278 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 3.278 ms) main debug: looking for video filter2 module: 18 candidates swscale debug: 32x32 chroma: YUVA -> 16x16 chroma: RGBA with scaling using Bicubic (good quality) main debug: using video filter2 module "swscale" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 1.037 ms - Total 1.037 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 1.037 ms) main debug: looking for video filter2 module: 18 candidates yuvp debug: YUVP to YUVA converter main debug: using video filter2 module "yuvp" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.156 ms - Total 0.156 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.156 ms) main debug: Deinterlacing available main debug: deinterlace 0, mode blend, is_needed 0 main debug: Opening vout display wrapper main debug: looking for vout display module: 6 candidates main debug: looking for vout window xid module: 4 candidates qt4 debug: requesting video... qt4 debug: Video was requested 0, 0 main debug: using vout window xid module "qt4" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 61.671 ms - Total 61.671 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 61.671 ms) main debug: looking for inhibit module: 2 candidates main debug: using inhibit module "xdg_screensaver" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.336 ms - Total 0.336 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.336 ms) xdg_screensaver debug: started xdg-screensaver (PID = 6682) xcb_xv debug: connected to X11.0 server xcb_xv debug: vendor : The X.Org Foundation xcb_xv debug: version: 11103000 xcb_xv debug: using screen 0x15a xcb_xv debug: using XVideo extension v2.2 xcb_xv debug: using adaptor NV17 Video Texture xcb_xv debug: using port 310 xcb_xv debug: using image format 0x30323449 xcb_xv debug: using X11 visual ID 0x21 (depth: 24) xcb_xv debug: using X11 window 0x03400000 xcb_xv debug: using X11 graphic context 0x03400002 main debug: VoutDisplayEvent 'fullscreen' 0 main debug: VoutDisplayEvent 'resize' 800x500 window main debug: using vout display module "xcb_xv" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 69.890 ms - Total 69.890 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 69.890 ms) main debug: original format sz 800x500, of (0,0), vsz 800x500, 4cc I420, sar 1:1, msk r0x0 g0x0 b0x0 main debug: removing module "freetype" main debug: looking for text renderer module: 2 candidates freetype debug: Building font databases. freetype debug: Took 0 microseconds freetype debug: Using Serif Bold as font from file /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf freetype debug: using fontsize: 2 main debug: using text renderer module "freetype" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 4.552 ms - Total 4.552 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 4.552 ms) main debug: using visualization2 module "visual" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 84.104 ms - Total 84.104 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 84.104 ms) main debug: filter(s) 'f32l'->'f32l' 44100 Hz->44100 Hz Stereo->Stereo main debug: conversion pipeline completed main debug: filter(s) 'f32l'->'f32l' 44100 Hz->44100 Hz Stereo->Stereo main debug: conversion pipeline completed main debug: filter(s) 'f32l'->'f32l' 48510 Hz->44100 Hz Stereo->Stereo main debug: looking for audio filter module: 14 candidates main debug: using audio filter module "samplerate" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.375 ms - Total 0.375 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.375 ms) main debug: conversion pipeline completed main debug: End of audio preroll main debug: Decoder buffering done in 91 ms main warning: PTS is out of range (-9269), dropping buffer pulse debug: deferring start (190703 us) main debug: looking for video blending module: 1 candidate main debug: using video blending module "blend" main debug: TIMER module_need() : 0.275 ms - Total 0.275 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 0.275 ms) main debug: Detected interlaced video main debug: deinterlace 0, mode blend, is_needed 1 xcb_xv debug: display is visible pulse debug: starting deferred pulse warning: too late by 93760 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44186 Hz pulse debug: started pulse warning: too late by 94474 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44229 Hz pulse warning: too late by 93532 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44272 Hz pulse warning: too late by 92829 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44315 Hz pulse warning: too late by 92132 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44358 Hz xcb_xv debug: display is visible pulse warning: too late by 91534 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44401 Hz xcb_xv debug: display is visible pulse warning: too late by 89482 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44440 Hz xcb_xv debug: display is visible xcb_xv debug: display is visible pulse warning: too late by 87529 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44479 Hz pulse warning: too late by 84577 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44504 Hz main debug: auto hiding mouse cursor pulse warning: too late by 78562 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44492 Hz pulse warning: too late by 68015 us pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44422 Hz xcb_xv debug: display is visible xcb_xv debug: display is visible xcb_xv debug: display is visible xcb_xv debug: display is visible main debug: auto hiding mouse cursor pulse debug: changed sample rate to 44336 Hz xcb_xv debug: display is visible xcb_xv debug: display is visible xcb_xv debug: display is visible main debug: auto hiding mouse cursor I have had issues with VLC in the past- the audio quality was extremely crackly, as if the headphone jack was plugged in only half way, and the sounds were extremely sharp and caused my speakers to make a ringing/vibrating noise... It would eventually start working after I messed around with the audio settings, but it happened every restart. I eventually switched to SMPlayer, but now I need some of the features that VLC offers, but I still can't use VLC. At this point, the audio can not be heard at all, and the method I used before, messing around with the audio settings, isn't getting me anywhere. (note, I reposted this on VideoLan's forums, link is here: http://forum.videolan.org/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=104726) Please let me know if you need more information, or are confused by something I posted! Thanks!

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• The internal storage of a DATETIME2 value

  - by Peter Larsson

  Today I went for investigating the internal storage of DATETIME2 datatype. What I found out was that for a datetime2 value with precision 0 (seconds only), SQL Server need 6 bytes to represent the value, but stores 7 bytes. This is because SQL Server add one byte that holds the precision for the datetime2 value. Start with this very simple repro declare @now datetime2(7) = '2010-12-15 21:04:03.6934231'   select  cast(cast(@now as datetime2(0)) as binary(7)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(1)) as binary(7)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(2)) as binary(7)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(3)) as binary(8)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(4)) as binary(8)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(5)) as binary(9)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(6)) as binary(9)),         cast(cast(@now as datetime2(7)) as binary(9)) Now we are going to copy and paste these binary values and investigate which value is representing what time part. Prefix  Ticks       Ticks         Days    Days    Original value ------  ----------  ------------  ------  ------  -------------------- 0x  00  442801             75844  A8330B  734120  0x00442801A8330B 0x  01  A5920B            758437  A8330B  734120  0x01A5920BA8330B  0x  02  71BA73           7584369  A8330B  734120  0x0271BA73A8330B 0x  03  6D488504        75843693  A8330B  734120  0x036D488504A8330B 0x  04  46D4342D       758436934  A8330B  734120  0x0446D4342DA8330B 0x  05  BE4A10C401    7584369342  A8330B  734120  0x05BE4A10C401A8330B 0x  06  6FEBA2A811   75843693423  A8330B  734120  0x066FEBA2A811A8330B 0x  07  57325D96B0  758436934231  A8330B  734120  0x0757325D96B0A8330B Let us use the following color schema Red - Prefix Green - Time part Blue - Day part What you can see is that the date part is equal in all cases, which makes sense since the precision doesm't affect the datepart. What would have been fun, is datetime2(negative) just like round accepts a negative value. -1 would mean rounding to 10 second, -2 rounding to minute, -3 rounding to 10 minutes, -4 rounding to hour and finally -5 rounding to 10 hour. -5 is pretty useless, but if you extend this thinking to -6, -7 and so on, you could actually get a datetime2 value which is accurate to the month only. Well, enough ranting about this. Let's get back to the table above. If you add 75844 second to midnight, you get 21:04:04, which is exactly what you got in the select statement above. And if you look at it, it makes perfect sense that each following value is 10 times greater when the precision is increased one step too. //Peter

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• Keyboard / keymap problems with Xubuntu 12.04 + NX nomachine

  - by bajafresh4life

  I'm running NX client on my Macbook Pro to connect to a Xubuntu 12.04 desktop at work. I have configured NX client to start up a console upon connection. I am able to connect to my remote linux machine and I get a simple xterm console. However, when I run xfce4-session, half my keys no longer work. For example, when I launch a terminal, I typing a, s, or d works, but if type w, e, r, or t, the cursor just blinks. If I ctrl-C out of xfce4-session, all the keys work fine in my xterm console. If I run xev, this is the output for when I hit a key that works: KeyRelease event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x2e00001, root 0x373, subw 0x0, time 170160781, (-45,-21), root:(824,429), state 0x4, keycode 16 (keysym 0x63, c), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (03) "" XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x2e00001, root 0x373, subw 0x0, time 170160781, (-45,-21), root:(824,429), state 0x4, keycode 67 (keysym 0xffe3, Control_L), same_screen YES, XKeysymToKeycode returns keycode: 63 XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False but when I hit a key that doesn't work: FocusOut event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x2e00001, mode NotifyGrab, detail NotifyAncestor FocusIn event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x2e00001, mode NotifyUngrab, detail NotifyAncestor KeymapNotify event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x0, keys: 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Any ideas on what I can do to troubleshoot this issue? Googling around offered a few suggestions (like playing with xmodmap) but nothing seemed to work. Also, one thing worth mentioning is that I do not have any keyboard issues when remoting into a different Ubuntu 10 box via NX.

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• How do I make my USB Bluetooth dongle work in Ubuntu 11.04 ? (Can't init device hci0: Connection timed out (110)) [closed]

  - by MaikoID

  I've a USB bluetooth dongle root@maiko-cce-lin:~# lsusb | grep Bluetooth Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) that isn't working properly, hardly-ever it works but stops working in my next reboot. what I've tried it isn't software blocked root@maiko-cce-lin:~# rfkill list 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no my device is recognized by hciconfig root@maiko-cce-lin:~# hciconfig -a hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB BD Address: 00:1F:81:00:01:1C ACL MTU: 1021:4 SCO MTU: 180:1 DOWN RX bytes:330 acl:0 sco:0 events:8 errors:0 TX bytes:24 acl:0 sco:0 commands:30 errors:22 Features: 0xff 0x3e 0x09 0x76 0x80 0x01 0x00 0x80 Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3 Link policy: Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT but I can't turn on my hci interface root@maiko-cce-lin:~# hciconfig hci up Can't init device hci0: Connection timed out (110) I don't understand why.. the hcitool command doesn't show any device. root@maiko-cce-lin:~# hcitool dev Devices: I've tried to restart my bluetooth service too with this command and make all these previous commands again but without success. root@maiko-cce-lin:~# service bluetooth restart * Stopping bluetooth [ OK ] * Starting bluetooth [ OK ] root@maiko-cce-lin:~# The dongle works if you disconnect it from usb, wait a few seconds and connect it again. so there must be better solution for it ( a solution not involving physically removing the dongle!)

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• Ubuntu 12.04 + Raid0 + Windows 7 not loading

  - by Douglas

  please someone help me.... (Sorry for my english) Hi, I have a Pc with 2 Hd (1Tb each) on Raid0. I had a Windows 7 64bits working for several months. When I installed the Windows I let a 100Gb partition empty to install Ubuntu someday. I was using Linux on a Virtualbox, but this week I tried to install Ubuntu 12.04 in this 100Gb partition. I used the Ubuntu alternate cd, because the 'normal' cd was giving me trouble with the Raid0. The grub installation always reported a error. After a lot of work I found that I nedded to install grub on partition /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1 (see Bootinfo below). The Windows installation created a 100Mb boot partition, so I needed to install grub in this partition. Now I have the Ubuntu working 100% ok. The problem is, the Windows is not booting! The windows option is present on the grub menu, but when I choose the windows option there is a black screen and after that the grub is reloaded. My Bootinfo is: Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for /boot/grub. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for /boot/grub. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1: ________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Grub2 (v1.99) Boot sector info: Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the boot sector of isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1 and looks at sector 3841862992 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /grldr /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /grldr isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid2: ________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3: ________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5: ________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid6: ________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 206,848 3,686,402,047 3,686,195,200 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda3 3,686,402,558 3,907,039,743 220,637,186 5 Extended Invalid MBR Signature found. EBR refers to a location outside the hard drive. /dev/sda2 ends after the last sector of /dev/sda /dev/sda3 ends after the last sector of /dev/sda Drive: isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid: 2000.4 GB, 2000404348928 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907039744 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid2 206,848 3,686,402,047 3,686,195,200 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3 3,686,402,558 3,907,039,743 220,637,186 5 Extended /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5 3,686,402,560 3,881,876,479 195,473,920 83 Linux /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid6 3,881,876,992 3,907,039,743 25,162,752 82 Linux swap / Solaris "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1 C89C73D19C73B910 ntfs Reservado pelo Sistema /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid2 6830883A3088116C ntfs /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5 bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c ext4 /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid6 7a830a3c-88fb-4cba-80dc-f32e08abfd5b swap /dev/sda isw_raid_member /dev/sdb isw_raid_member /dev/sr0 iso9660 Windows7x86x64SK ========================= "ls -R /dev/mapper/" output: ========================= /dev/mapper: control isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1 isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid2 isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3 isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5 isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid6 ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sr0 /media/Windows7x86x64SK iso9660 (ro,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500,uhelper=udisks) ================= isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1/grldr embedded menu: ================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ================== isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="$1" if [ "$1" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic-pae root=UUID=bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic-pae } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic-pae root=UUID=bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic-pae } submenu "Previous Linux versions" { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae root=UUID=bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae root=UUID=bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid3,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bbab868a-ea53-4be3-ba7d-2737fe6cb24c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober_proxy ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root C89C73D19C73B910 chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober_proxy ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ====================== isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5/etc/fstab: ======================= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid6 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ========== isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid5: Location of files loaded by Grub: =========== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) = boot/grub/core.img 1 = boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 = boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae 2 = boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic-pae 2 = boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae 1 = boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic-pae 1 = initrd.img 2 = initrd.img.old 2 = vmlinuz 1 = vmlinuz.old 1 ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown BootLoader on sda1 Unknown BootLoader on sda2 Unknown BootLoader on sda3 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt hexdump: /dev/sda1: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/sda1: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/sda2: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/sda2: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/sda3: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/sda3: No such file or directory xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in How we can see the Windows part at grub is: menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(sda,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root C89C73D19C73B910 chainloader +1 } I tried a lot of combinations at the line: set root='(sda,msdos1)' , but no success I tried to change uuid to the /dev/mapper/isw_chjbfeec_DougRaid2 uuid, but the grub reports a error. I dont know what to do now. I really need to boot my windows partition. Someone knows what to do? Thanks........

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• Host is unreacheble with static networking configuration via /etc/network/interfaces while GUI NetworkManager is ok

  - by Riccardo

  I have some trouble setting-up the network interface using the static IP configuration. I run ubuntu 12.04 kernel 3.11.0-22 with the back-ports enabled. I followed these instructions from help.ubuntu.com but there seems to exist some conflict between the GUI approach (NetworkManager) and the command line approach. $ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.1.1.50 gateway 10.1.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 dns-nameservers 192.168.3.45 192.168.8.10 $ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart I than try to ping for example google.com ping -c 3 www.google.com the response is that the host is unreachable. The icon on the top right of the desktop says: wired network disconnected. If I work using the GUI approach (Edit Connections and so on...) all works great. Can same one explain to me where I wrong? $ ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:e6:ba:07:4a:77 inet addr:10.1.1.50 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::92e6:baff:fe07:4a77/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:39619 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:18520 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:19030895 (19.0 MB) TX bytes:2768769 (2.7 MB) $ netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

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• How do I align my partition table properly?

  - by Jorge Castro

  I am in the process of building my first RAID5 array. I've used mdadm to create the following set up: root@bondigas:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 20 20:00:41 2010 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860543488 (5589.05 GiB 6001.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953514496 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Oct 20 20:13:48 2010 State : clean, degraded, recovering Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Rebuild Status : 1% complete UUID : f6dc829e:aa29b476:edd1ef19:85032322 (local to host bondigas) Events : 0.12 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 4 8 64 3 spare rebuilding /dev/sde While that's going I decided to format the beast with the following command: root@bondigas:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1 mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) /dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes. This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested. Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=16 blocks, Stripe width=48 blocks 97853440 inodes, 391394047 blocks 19569702 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 11945 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Writing inode tables: ^C 27/11945 root@bondigas:~# ^C I am unsure what to do about "/dev/md1p1 alignment is offset by 63488 bytes." and how to properly partition the disks to match so I can format it properly.

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• What is the structure of network managers system-connections files?

  - by Oyks Livede

  could anyone list the complete structure of the configuration files, which network manager stores for known networks in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections for known networks? Sample (filename askUbuntu): [connection] id=askUbuntu uuid=81255b2e-bdf1-4bdb-b6f5-b94ef16550cd type=802-11-wireless [802-11-wireless] ssid=askUbuntu mode=infrastructure mac-address=00:08:CA:E6:76:D8 [ipv6] method=auto [ipv4] method=auto I would like to create some of them by my own using a script. However, before doing so I would like to know every possible option. Furthermore, this structure seems somehow to resemble the information you can get using the dbus for active connections. dbus-send --system --print-reply \ --dest=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager \ "$active_setting_path" \ # /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/2 org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.GetSettings Will tell you: array [ dict entry( string "802-11-wireless" array [ dict entry( string "ssid" variant array of bytes "askUbuntu" ) dict entry( string "mode" variant string "infrastructure" ) dict entry( string "mac-address" variant array of bytes [ 00 08 ca e6 76 d8 ] ) dict entry( string "seen-bssids" variant array [ string "02:1A:11:F8:C5:64" string "02:1A:11:FD:1F:EA" ] ) ] ) dict entry( string "connection" array [ dict entry( string "id" variant string "askUbuntu" ) dict entry( string "uuid" variant string "81255b2e-bdf1-4bdb-b6f5-b94ef16550cd" ) dict entry( string "timestamp" variant uint64 1383146668 ) dict entry( string "type" variant string "802-11-wireless" ) ] ) dict entry( string "ipv4" array [ dict entry( string "addresses" variant array [ ] ) dict entry( string "dns" variant array [ ] ) dict entry( string "method" variant string "auto" ) dict entry( string "routes" variant array [ ] ) ] ) dict entry( string "ipv6" array [ dict entry( string "addresses" variant array [ ] ) dict entry( string "dns" variant array [ ] ) dict entry( string "method" variant string "auto" ) dict entry( string "routes" variant array [ ] ) ] ) ] I can create new setting files using the dbus (AddSettings() in /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings) passing this type of input, so explaining me this structure and telling me all possible options will also help. Afaik, this is a Dictionary{String, Dictionary{String, Variant}}. Will there be any difference creating config files directly or using the dbus?

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• Burned CD-R are not identical to the input iso image, why?

  - by Grumbel

  I have the issue that sometimes when I burn an iso image to a CD-R with: sudo wodim -v driveropts=burnfree -data dev=/dev/scd0 input.iso And then read it back out again with: sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom of=output.iso dd: reading `/dev/cdrom': Input/output error ... That I end up with two iso images that are not identical, namely the output.iso is missing 2048 bytes at the end. When I however mount the iso image or CD-R and compare the actual files on the mountpoint, both are identical. Is that expected behavior or is that an actually incorrect burn of the data? And if its expected, how can I verify that the burn process was successful? The reason why I ask in the first place is that it seems to be reproducible behavior, certain iso images come out 2048 bytes short, even on repeated burns, but all burned CD-Rs are under themselves identical. Also what is the reason behind the: dd: reading `/dev/cdrom': Input/output error As it happens always, I assume it is normal, but what is the technical reason behind it? I assume CDs don't allow the device to detect the size directly, so dd reads till it encounters the end the hard way. Edit: User karol on superusers.com mentioned that both the size issue and the read error are the result of using -tao (default) in wodim instead of -dao mode. I couldn't yet test it, but it sounds like the most plausible explanation so far.

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• How to setup a Wireless Access-Point using my laptop's WiFi card?

  - by Abdul Karim Memon

  want to share my Laptops (running Ubuntu 10.10) Broadband with my Android (Galaxy Mini) running 2.2.1. Since Androids currently do not support ad-hoc networks so the "Create new wireless network.." won't help. Q1) How do i setup a Wireless Access Point using my Laptops WiFi card? Q2) What is the difference between an "ad-hoc" network and an "access point"? **abdulkarim@aK-laptop**:~$ lspci | grep ireless 03:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9287 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) iw list Wiphy phy0 Band 1: Capabilities: 0x11ce HT20/HT40 SM Power Save disabled RX HT40 SGI TX STBC RX STBC 1-stream Max AMSDU length: 7935 bytes DSSS/CCK HT40 Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003) Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 8 usec (0x06) HT TX/RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15 Frequencies: * 2412 MHz [1] (20.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz [2] (20.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz [3] (20.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz [4] (20.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz [5] (20.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz [6] (20.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz [7] (20.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz [8] (20.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz [9] (20.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz [10] (20.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz [11] (20.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz [12] (20.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2472 MHz [13] (20.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2484 MHz [14] (disabled) Bitrates (non-HT): * 1.0 Mbps * 2.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 5.5 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 11.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 6.0 Mbps * 9.0 Mbps * 12.0 Mbps * 18.0 Mbps * 24.0 Mbps * 36.0 Mbps * 48.0 Mbps * 54.0 Mbps max # scan SSIDs: 4 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * ** AP * AP/VLAN** * monitor * mesh point Supported commands: * new_interface * set_interface * new_key * new_beacon * new_station * new_mpath * set_mesh_params * set_bss * authenticate * associate * deauthenticate * disassociate * join_ibss * Unknown command (55) * Unknown command (57) * Unknown command (59) * set_wiphy_netns * Unknown command (65) * connect * disconnect

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• Have to run sudo dhclient eth0 automatically every boot

  - by Fyksen

  I just installed ubuntu 12.04.1 alternative install (for raid 0 on some disks). I Have some problems with the net. I'm at school, we use cable, and it got IPv6. If I run ifconfig eth0 heres my output: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e0:cb:4e:87:ff:db inet addr:128.39.194.217 Bcast:128.39.194.223 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: 2001:700:1100:8008:e2cb:4eff:fe87:ffdb/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::e2cb:4eff:fe87:ffdb/64 Scope:Link inet6 addr: 2001:700:1100:8008:48f7:c23:1d87:da6c/64 Scope:Global UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1063378 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:489811 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1577173461 (1.5 GB) TX bytes:37043669 (37.0 MB) Interrupt:68 Base address:0x6000 My /etc/network/interfaces look like this: # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 # NetworkManager#iface eth0 inet dhcp # NetworkManager#hostname 2001:700:1100:1::4 # This is an autoconfigured IPv6 interface iface eth0 inet6 auto (I had to remove the hash tags, because of the BIGFONT i get on ask ubuntu) The "network manager" says that I'm not connected. Let me know if you need any more information. :)

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• Fuzzing for Security

  - by Sylvain Duloutre

  Yesterday, I attended an internal workshop about ethical hacking. Hacking skills like fuzzing can be used to quantitatively assess and measure security threats in software.  Fuzzing is a software testing technique used to discover coding errors and security loopholes in software, operating systems or networks by injecting massive amounts of random data, called fuzz, to the system in an attempt to make it crash. If the program contains a vulnerability that can leads to an exception, crash or server error (in the case of web apps), it can be determined that a vulnerability has been discovered.A fuzzer is a program that generates and injects random (and in general faulty) input to an application. Its main purpose is to make things easier and automated.There are typically two methods for producing fuzz data that is sent to a target, Generation or Mutation. Generational fuzzers are capable of building the data being sent based on a data model provided by the fuzzer creator. Sometimes this is simple and dumb as sending random bytes, swapping bytes or much smarter by knowing good values and combining them in interesting ways.Mutation on the other hand starts out with a known good "template" which is then modified. However, nothing that is not present in the "template" or "seed" will be produced.Generally fuzzers are good at finding buffer overflow, DoS, SQL Injection, Format String bugs etc. They do a poor job at finding vulnerabilites related to information disclosure, encryption flaws and any other vulnerability that does not cause the program to crash.  Fuzzing is simple and offers a high benefit-to-cost ratio but does not replace other proven testing techniques.What is your computer doing over the week-end ?

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• The internal storage of a DATETIMEOFFSET value

  - by Peter Larsson

  Today I went for investigating the internal storage of DATETIME2 datatype. What I found out was that for a datetime2 value with precision 0 (seconds only), SQL Server need 6 bytes to represent the value, but stores 7 bytes. This is because SQL Server add one byte that holds the precision for the datetime2 value. Start with this very simple repro declare    @now datetimeoffset(7) = '2010-12-15 21:04:03.6934231 +03:30'   select     cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(0)) as binary(9)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(1)) as binary(9)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(2)) as binary(9)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(3)) as binary(10)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(4)) as binary(10)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(5)) as binary(11)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(6)) as binary(11)),            cast(cast(@now as datetimeoffset(7)) as binary(11)) Now we are going to copy and paste these binary values and investigate which value is representing what time part. Prefix  Ticks       Ticks         Days    Days    Suffix  Suffix  Original value ------  ----------  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------------------------ 0x  00  0CF700             63244  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x000CF700A8330BD200 0x  01  75A609            632437  A8330B  734120  D200       210 0x0175A609A8330BD200 0x  02  918060           6324369  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x02918060A8330BD200 0x  03  AD05C503        63243693  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x03AD05C503A8330BD200 0x  04  C638B225       632502470  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x04C638B225A8330BD200 0x  05  BE37F67801    6324369342  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x05BE37F67801A8330BD200 0x  06  6F2D9EB90E   63243693423  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x066F2D9EB90EA8330BD200 0x  07  57C62D4093  632436934231  A8330B  734120  D200       210  0x0757C62D4093A8330BD200 Let us use the following color schema Red - Prefix Green - Time part Blue - Day part Purple - UTC offset What you can see is that the date part is equal in all cases, which makes sense since the precision doesn't affect the datepart. If you add 63244 seconds to midnight, you get 17:34:04, which is the correct UTC time. So what is stored is the UTC time and the local time can be found by adding "utc offset" minutes. And if you look at it, it makes perfect sense that each following value is 10 times greater when the precision is increased one step too. //Peter

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• What's a nice explanation for pointers?

  - by Macneil

  In your own studies (on your own, or for a class) did you have an "ah ha" moment when you finally, really understood pointers? Do you have an explanation you use for beginner programmers that seems particularly effective? For example, when beginners first encounter pointers in C, they might just add &s and *s until it compiles (as I myself once did). Maybe it was a picture, or a really well motivated example, that made pointers "click" for you or your student. What was it, and what did you try before that didn't seem to work? Were any topics prerequisites (e.g. structs, or arrays)? In other words, what was necessary to understand the meaning of &s and *, when you could use them with confidence? Learning the syntax and terminology or the use cases isn't enough, at some point the idea needs to be internalized. Update: I really like the answers so far; please keep them coming. There are a lot of great perspectives here, but I think many are good explanations/slogans for ourselves after we've internalized the concept. I'm looking for the detailed contexts and circumstances when it dawned on you. For example: I only somewhat understood pointers syntactically in C. I heard two of my friends explaining pointers to another friend, who asked why a struct was passed with a pointer. The first friend talked about how it needed to be referenced and modified, but it was just a short comment from the other friend where it hit me: "It's also more efficient." Passing 4 bytes instead of 16 bytes was the final conceptual shift I needed.

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• Efficient Trie implementation for unicode strings

  - by U Mad

  I have been looking for an efficient String trie implementation. Mostly I have found code like this: Referential implementation in Java (per wikipedia) I dislike these implementations for mostly two reasons: They support only 256 ASCII characters. I need to cover things like cyrillic. They are extremely memory inefficient. Each node contains an array of 256 references, which is 4096 bytes on a 64 bit machine in Java. Each of these nodes can have up to 256 subnodes with 4096 bytes of references each. So a full Trie for every ASCII 2 character string would require a bit over 1MB. Three character strings? 256MB just for arrays in nodes. And so on. Of course I don't intend to have all of 16 million three character strings in my Trie, so a lot of space is just wasted. Most of these arrays are just null references as their capacity far exceeds the actual number of inserted keys. And if I add unicode, the arrays get even larger (char has 64k values instead of 256 in Java). Is there any hope of making an efficient trie for strings? I have considered a couple of improvements over these types of implementations: Instead of using array of references, I could use an array of primitive integer type, which indexes into an array of references to nodes whose size is close to the number of actual nodes. I could break strings into 4 bit parts which would allow for node arrays of size 16 at the cost of a deeper tree.

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• 12.04 wired network doesn't work RTL8111/8168B

  - by laket

  its a fresh 12.04 install 64bits. wifi works fine, wired stays off with cable connected and network-manager shows as if cable is disconnected. Turning off networking lights up my network-cards leds, turning networking on shuts off the leds and no communication is possible. I already tried, turning off the network-manager (sudo service network-manager stop) and setting up my eth0 manually, as soon as I switch off the network-manager my leds light up, but after setting up manually eth0 (sudo ifconfig eth0 10.2.10.114 netmask 255.255.0.0 up) the leds turn off again. I am still dual booting with 10.04 where I have no issues at all, leaving the cable connected all time to my notebook and a switch. Here is some hardware info: lshw: *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 03 serial: c8:0a:a9:d7:05:97 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168d-2.fw latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:42 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0004000-f0004fff memory:f0000000-f0003fff memory:f0010000-f001ffff lspci: 02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) 03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 03) ifconfig eth0: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:0a:a9:d7:05:97 inet addr:10.2.10.114 Bcast:10.2.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:42 Base address:0xc000 cat /etc/network/interfaces: (already tried here with and w/o eth0) auto lo eth0 iface lo inet loopback cat /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf [main] plugins=ifupdown,keyfile dns=dnsmasq [ifupdown] managed=false Any help is welcome ;) Laket

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• Problems with wired ethernet connection Ubuntu 11.10

  - by Andrew Fielden

  After some partition shuffling, I've got a problem on my 11.10 system. The wired ethernet interface fails to come up, although the wireless interface is working. I'm using NetworkManager. I thought this may be a problem with NetworkManager, so I checked the config files, which look ok. I then tried re-installing the package, but this didn't resolve the issues. I'm not sure at this point if the problem is due to software configuration, or a hardware problem. I've also tried the cable in other router ports, but same problem. The symptoms are:- System settings - Network reports that the cable is unplugged (it isn't) ifconfig reports the following eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr f0:4d:a2:a2:a7:fe UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:792 (792.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:46 Base address:0xe000 My /etc/network/interfaces file has the following: auto lo iface lo inet loopback My /etc/resolv.conf file has the following: # Generated by NetworkManager The router's red light is on for this port dmesg reports ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready

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• solve a partition misalignment?

  - by learner

  I have a new Dell XPS laptop which had Windows 7 installed in it. It also had a default extra partition for "Dell Utility". I installed Ubuntu in it on an Extended Partition along with windows and specified the logical partitions myself (for /,/home and swap). Now when I open Disk Utility , it shows this "Partition misaligned by 512 bytes" error for the Dell Utility partition and "Partition misaligned by 1024 bytes" for the entire Extended partition where Ubuntu is installed. Deleting the extended partition and re-installing Ubuntu may solve the problem of misalignment in the extended partition. But how about the Dell Utility partition? If I re-install Windows 7 Dell Utility wouldn't be a part of the re-install. So that may not solve it either. How do I fix this? Note: The extended partition I made contains an NTFS logical partition for holding data accessible by both OSes(basically a personal data partition). EDIT: I deleted all my Ubuntu partitions and re-installed Ubuntu like before,this time making them partitions with GParted via LiveCD. Now the only problem is that there is a misalignment in the Dell Utility partition. The other misalignment got fixed. Now how do I get rid of that issue?

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