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  • Text Decoding Problem

    - by Jason Miesionczek
    So given this input string: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?TEST=2C_This_Is_A_Test_of_Some_Encoding=AE?= And this function: private string DecodeSubject(string input) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); MatchCollection matches = Regex.Matches(inputText.Text, @"=\?(?<encoding>[\S]+)\?.\?(?<data>[\S]+[=]*)\?="); foreach (Match m in matches) { string encoding = m.Groups["encoding"].Value; string data = m.Groups["data"].Value; Encoding enc = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding.ToLower()); if (enc == Encoding.UTF8) { byte[] d = Convert.FromBase64String(data); sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(d)); } else { byte[] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(data); string decoded = enc.GetString(bytes); sb.Append(decoded); } } return sb.ToString(); } The result is the same as the data extracted from the input string. What am i doing wrong that this text is not getting decoded properly?

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  • Memory leak with preg_replace

    - by Silvio Donnini
    I'm using the preg_replace function to replace accents in a string, I'm working with UTF-8. I have incurred in what seems to be a memory leak, but I can't isolate the root cause, my code is rather simple: preg_replace( array_keys($aToNoAccents), array_values($aToNoAccents), $sText ); where $aToNoAccents is an associative array with entries like '~[A]~u' => 'A', '~[C]~u' => 'C',. My script prints this error for the above line: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 1073741824 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 3039 bytes) Obviously it's not a matter of increasing the allowed memory for PHP, (a 1Gb footprint is way off the scale of my application). Also, that line is executed thousands of times without problems but, just for some cases which are difficult to reproduce, it yields the error. Is anyone aware of memory problems with preg_replace and UTF-8 strings? Am I to use special care in passing actual parameters to such function? I'm using PHP 5.2.6-3 with Suhosin-Patch thanks Silvio

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  • Getting Image size of JPEG from its binary

    - by rajeshsr
    Hi I have a lot of jpeg files with varying image size. For instance, here is the first 640 bytes as given by hexdump of an image of size 256*384(pixels): 0000000: ffd8 ffe0 0010 4a46 4946 0001 0101 0048 ......JFIF.....H 0000010: 0048 0000 ffdb 0043 0003 0202 0302 0203 .H.....C........ 0000020: 0303 0304 0303 0405 0805 0504 0405 0a07 ................ 0000030: 0706 080c 0a0c 0c0b 0a0b 0b0d 0e12 100d ................ I guess the size information mus be within these lines. But am unable to see which bytes give the sizes correctly. Can anyone help me find the fields that contains the size information?

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  • How do you diagnose a 500 error on Heroku when there is no error message in the logs?

    - by lala
    I have a Rails app on Heroku that is serving 500 errors at random intervals. Web pages will display "Internal server error" in plain text, instead of the usual "We're sorry. Something went wrong." page. When I refresh the page, it works fine. The logs don't show me an error message, just » 14:20:34.107 2013-10-11 12:20:33.763690+00:00 heroku router - - at=info method=HEAD path=/ host=www.mydomain.com fwd="184.73.237.85/ec2-184-73-237-85.compute-1.amazonaws.com" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=63ms status=200 bytes=0 » 14:21:03.957 2013-10-11 12:21:03.561867+00:00 heroku router - - at=info method=GET path=/ host=www.mydomain.com fwd="50.112.95.211/ec2-50-112-95-211.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=1ms status=500 bytes=21 Support has told me to look at request queuing in New Relic, but New Relic only shows a big red mark saying the server is down (even though the site works fine when refreshed). With no error messages, I'm at a loss for how to diagnose this issue.

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  • Git pack file entry format

    - by Ben Collins
    My understanding of the Git pack file format is something like: Where the table is 32-bits wide, and the first three 32-bit words are the pack file header. The last row of 32 bits are the first 4 bytes of an entry. As I understand it, the size of the entry is specified by consecutive bytes with the MSB set, followed by compressed data. In the first byte whose MSB is not set, is the MSB part of the compressed data, or is it a gap? If it's part of the compressed data, how can you guarantee that when the data is compressed that bit won't be set?

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  • How do I know an array of structures was allocated in the Large Object Heap (LOH) in .NET?

    - by AMissico
    After some experimenation using CLR Profiler, I found that: Node[,] n = new Node[100,23]; //'84,028 bytes, is not placed in LOH Node[,] n = new Node[100,24]; //'86,428 bytes, is public struct Node { public int Value; public Point Point; public Color Color; public bool Handled; public Object Tag; } During run-time, how do I know an array of structures (or any array) was allocated in the Large Object Heap (LOH)?

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  • How to attach a sample grabber to the playcap sdk sample

    - by Mr Bell
    I want to get access to a webcam's frame image data so I can composite it with some other data. The playcap sample in the windows sdk directshow folder can show you a window streaming the webcam, but doesn't demonstrate access to the bytes. Someone mentioned that I could use a samplegrabber filter attached to a null rendered to gain access to the frame data. Unfortunately I haven't the first clue how to do this. How can I modify the playcap sample to attach a sample grabber and access the frame bytes? visual studio 2008 c++

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  • Where is the method call in the EXE file?

    - by Victor Hurdugaci
    Introduction After watching this video from LIDNUG, about .NET code protection http://secureteam.net/lidnug_recording/Untitled.swf (especially from 46:30 to 57:30), I would to locate the call to a MessageBox.Show in an EXE I created. The only logic in my "TrialApp.exe" is: public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("This is trial app"); } } Compiled on the Release configuration: http://rapidshare.com/files/392503054/TrialApp.exe.html What I do to locate the call Run the application in WinDBG and break after the message box appears. Get the CLR stack with !clrstack: 0040e840 5e21350b [InlinedCallFrame: 0040e840] System.Windows.Forms.SafeNativeMethods.MessageBox(System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef, System.String, System.String, Int32) 0040e894 5e21350b System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.ShowCore(System.Windows.Forms.IWin32Window, System.String, System.String, System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxButtons, System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxIcon, System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxDefaultButton, System.Windows.Forms.MessageBoxOptions, Boolean) 0040e898 002701f0 [InlinedCallFrame: 0040e898] 0040e934 002701f0 TrialApp.Form1.Form1_Load(System.Object, System.EventArgs) Get the MethodDesc structure (using the address of Form1_Load) !ip2md 002701f0 MethodDesc: 001762f8 Method Name: TrialApp.Form1.Form1_Load(System.Object, System.EventArgs) Class: 00171678 MethodTable: 00176354 mdToken: 06000005 Module: 00172e9c IsJitted: yes CodeAddr: 002701d0 Transparency: Critical Source file: D:\temp\TrialApp\TrialApp\Form1.cs @ 22 Dump the IL of this method (by MethodDesc) !dumpil 001762f8 IL_0000: ldstr "This is trial app" IL_0005: call System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox::Show IL_000a: pop IL_000b: ret So, as the video mentioned, the call to to Show is 5 bytes from the beginning of the method implementation. Now I open CFFExplorer (just like in the video) and get the RVA of the Form1_Load method: 00002083. After this, I go to Address Converter (again in CFF Explorer) and navigate to offset 00002083. There we have: 32 72 01 00 00 70 28 16 00 00 0A 26 2A 7A 03 2C 13 02 7B 02 00 00 04 2C 0B 02 7B 02 00 00 04 6F 17 00 00 0A 02 03 28 18 00 00 0A 2A 00 03 30 04 00 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 28 19 00 00 0A 02 In the video is mentioned that the first 12 bytes are for the method header so I skip them 2A 7A 03 2C 13 02 7B 02 00 00 04 2C 0B 02 7B 02 00 00 04 6F 17 00 00 0A 02 03 28 18 00 00 0A 2A 00 03 30 04 00 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 28 19 00 00 0A 02 5 bytes from the beginning of the implementation should be the opcode for method call (28). Unfortunately, is not there. 02 7B 02 00 00 04 2C 0B 02 7B 02 00 00 04 6F 17 00 00 0A 02 03 28 18 00 00 0A 2A 00 03 30 04 00 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 28 19 00 00 0A 02 Questions: What am I doing wrong? Why there is no method call at that position in the file? Or maybe the video is missing some information... Why the guy in that video replaces the call with 9 zeros?

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  • Pros and cons of ways of storing an unsigned int without an unsigned int data type

    - by fields
    I have values that are 64-bit unsigned ints, and I need to store them in mongodb, which has no unsigned int type. I see three main possibilities for storing them in other field types, and converting on going in and out: Using a signed int is probably easiest and most space efficient, but has the disadvantage that they're not human readable and if someone forgets to do the conversion, some of them will work, which may obscure errors. Raw binary is probably most difficult for inexperienced programmers to deal with, and also suffers from non-human-readability. A string representation is the least space efficient (~40 bytes in unicode vs 8 bytes per field), but then at least all of the possible values will map properly, and for querying only a conversion to string is required instead of a more complicated conversion. I need these values to be available from different platforms, so a single driver-specific solution isn't an option. Any major pros and cons I've missed? Which one would you use?

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  • How do you printf an unsigned long long int?

    - by superjoe30
    #include <stdio.h>int main() { unsigned long long int num = 285212672; //FYI: fits in 29 bits int normalInt = 5; printf("My number is %d bytes wide and its value is %ul. A normal number is %d.\n", sizeof(num), num, normalInt); return 0;} Output: My number is 8 bytes wide and its value is 285212672l. A normal number is 0. I assume this unexpected result is from printing the unsigned long long int. How do you printf an unsigned long long int?

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  • C# Reading and Writing a Char[] to and from a Byte[]

    - by Simon G
    Hi, I have a byte array of around 10,000 bytes which is basically a blob from delphi that contains char, string, double and arrays of various types. This need to be read in and updated via C#. I've created a very basic reader that gets the byte array from the db and converts the bytes to the relevant object type when accessing the property which works fine. My problem is when I try to write to a specific char[] item, it doesn't seem to update the byte array. I've created the following extensions for reading and writing: public static class CharExtension { public static byte ToByte( this char c ) { return Convert.ToByte( c ); } public static byte ToByte( this char c, int position, byte[] blob ) { byte b = c.ToByte(); blob[position] = b; return b; } } public static class CharArrayExtension { public static byte[] ToByteArray( this char[] c ) { byte[] b = new byte[c.Length]; for ( int i = 1; i < c.Length; i++ ) { b[i] = c[i].ToByte(); } return b; } public static byte[] ToByteArray( this char[] c, int positon, int length, byte[] blob ) { byte[] b = c.ToByteArray(); Array.Copy( b, 0, blob, positon, length ); return b; } } public static class ByteExtension { public static char ToChar( this byte[] b, int position ) { return Convert.ToChar( b[position] ); } } public static class ByteArrayExtension { public static char[] ToCharArray( this byte[] b, int position, int length ) { char[] c = new char[length]; for ( int i = 0; i < length; i++ ) { c[i] = b.ToChar( position ); position += 1; } return c; } } to read and write chars and char arrays my code looks like: Byte[] _Blob; // set from a db field public char ubin { get { return _tariffBlob.ToChar( 14 ); } set { value.ToByte( 14, _Blob ); } } public char[] usercaplas { get { return _tariffBlob.ToCharArray( 2035, 10 ); } set { value.ToByteArray( 2035, 10, _Blob ); } } So to write to the objects I can do: ubin = 'C'; // this will update the byte[] usercaplas = new char[10] { 'A', 'B', etc. }; // this will update the byte[] usercaplas[3] = 'C'; // this does not update the byte[] I know the reason is that the setter property is not being called but I want to know is there a way around this using code similar to what I already have? I know a possible solution is to use a private variable called _usercaplas that I set and update as needed however as the byte array is nearly 10,000 bytes in length the class is already long and I would like a simpler approach as to reduce the overall code length and complexity. Thank

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  • w3c validation error with utf-8

    - by ian
    When I try to validate a certain page I get the below error: Sorry, I am unable to validate this document because on line 136 it contained one or more bytes that I cannot interpret as utf-8 (in other words, the bytes found are not valid values in the specified Character Encoding). Please check both the content of the file and the character encoding indication. The error was: utf8 "\xFF" does not map to Unicode What exactly does this mean and how can I find out what character is causing the problem? The page is generated dynamically in PHP and a bit large and I am not sure what to look for.

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  • Learn mp3 format and audio signal processing

    - by Shankhoneer Chakrovarty
    I am trying to learn the following things: How mp3 file looks like internally? I found this: http://mpgedit.org/mpgedit/mpeg_format/MP3Format.html but it seems old. Is there any recent changes to the format? I couldnt find any. How to open a mp3 file in java and look for bytes? I tried using audiostream but I am getting a lot of zeros and signed short integers which nowhere resemble the header/body format as mentioned in the above link. Am I wrong in interpreting the bytes? How to get amplitude, frequency and pitch of a mp3 file? No idea. Can you please suggest some book or tutorial? Can you please help me in getting the solution for the above questions? I am sorry if some questions appear to be naive, I am a just begun to learn mp3. Thanks

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  • Newbie question - MySQL index size

    - by Tommy
    I've just started to investigating how I should optimize my database. Indexing seems to be a good idea, so I want to index a VARCHAR column, the engine is MyISAM. From what I've read, I understand that an index is limited to a size of 1000 bytes. A VARCHAR character is 3 bytes in size. Does this mean that if I want to index a VARCHAR column with 50 rows, I need an index prefix of 6 characters? I came to that number by dividing 1000 with the row number 50, then the bytesize per character that is 3. 1000/50/3=6,66. It seems a little complicated, so I'm just wondering if I'm thinking right? It seems weird to me that you'd only be able to index 333 rows in a VARCHAR column, using a prefix of 1 character.

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  • C Language: Why I cannot transfer file from server to client?

    - by user275753
    I want to ask, why I cannot transfer file from server to client? When I start to send the file from server, the client side program will have problem. So, I spend some times to check the code, But I still cannot find out the problem Can anyone point out the problem for me? thanks a lot! [client side code] include include include include include include include define SA struct sockaddr define S_PORT 5678 define MAXLEN 1000 define true 1 void errexit(const char *format, ...) { va_list args; va_start(args, format); vfprintf(stderr, format, args); va_end(args); WSACleanup(); exit(1); } int main(int argc, char *argv []) { WSADATA wsadata; SOCKET sockfd; int number,message; char outbuff[MAXLEN],inbuff[MAXLEN]; char PWD_buffer[_MAX_PATH]; struct sockaddr_in servaddr; FILE *fp; int numbytes; char buf[2048]; if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsadata) != 0) errexit("WSAStartup failed\n"); if (argc != 2) errexit("client IPaddress"); if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET ) errexit("socket error: error number %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servaddr.sin_port = htons(S_PORT); if ( (servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1])) == INADDR_NONE) errexit("inet_addr error: error number %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); if (connect(sockfd, (SA *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) errexit("connect error: error number %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); if ( (fp = fopen("C:\\users\\pc\\desktop\\COPY.c", "wb")) == NULL){ perror("fopen"); exit(1); } printf("Still NO PROBLEM!\n"); //Receive file from server while(1){ numbytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf)); printf("read %d bytes, ", numbytes); if(numbytes == 0){ printf("\n"); break; } numbytes = fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), numbytes, fp); printf("fwrite %d bytes\n", numbytes); } fclose(fp); close(sockfd); return 0; } server side code include include include include include include include include define SA struct sockaddr define S_PORT 5678 define MAXLEN 1000 void errexit(const char *format, ...) { va_list args; va_start(args, format); vfprintf(stderr, format, args); va_end(args); WSACleanup(); exit(1); } int main(int argc, char *argv []) { WSADATA wsadata; SOCKET listenfd, connfd; int number, message, numbytes; int h, i, j, alen; int nread; struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr; FILE *in_file, *out_file, *fp; char buf[4096]; if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsadata) != 0) errexit("WSAStartup failed\n"); listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (listenfd == INVALID_SOCKET) errexit("cannot create socket: error number %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); servaddr.sin_port = htons(S_PORT); if (bind(listenfd, (SA *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) errexit("can't bind to port %d: error number %d\n", S_PORT, WSAGetLastError()); if (listen(listenfd, 5) == SOCKET_ERROR) errexit("can't listen on port %d: error number %d\n", S_PORT, WSAGetLastError()); alen = sizeof(SA); connfd = accept(listenfd, (SA *) &cliaddr, &alen); if (connfd == INVALID_SOCKET) errexit("accept failed: error number %d\n", WSAGetLastError()); printf("accept one client from %s!\n", inet_ntoa(cliaddr.sin_addr)); fp = fopen ("client.c", "rb"); // open file stored in server if (fp == NULL) { printf("\nfile NOT exist"); } //Sending file while(!feof(fp)){ numbytes = fread(buf, sizeof(char), sizeof(buf), fp); printf("fread %d bytes, ", numbytes); numbytes = write(connfd, buf, numbytes); printf("Sending %d bytes\n",numbytes); } fclose (fp); closesocket(listenfd); closesocket(connfd); return 0; }

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  • Haskell optimization of a function looking for a bytestring terminator

    - by me2
    Profiling of some code showed that about 65% of the time I was inside the following code. What it does is use the Data.Binary.Get monad to walk through a bytestring looking for the terminator. If it detects 0xff, it checks if the next byte is 0x00. If it is, it drops the 0x00 and continues. If it is not 0x00, then it drops both bytes and the resulting list of bytes is converted to a bytestring and returned. Any obvious ways to optimize this? I can't see it. parseECS = f [] False where f acc ff = do b <- getWord8 if ff then if b == 0x00 then f (0xff:acc) False else return $ L.pack (reverse acc) else if b == 0xff then f acc True else f (b:acc) False

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  • tchar safe functions -- count parameter for UTF-8 constants

    - by Dustin Getz
    I'm porting a library from char to TCHAR. the count parameter of this fragment, according to MSDN, is the number of multibyte characters, not the number of bytes. so, did I get this right? _tcsncmp(access, TEXT("ftp"), 3); //or do i want _tcsnccmp? "Supported on Windows platforms only, _mbsncmp and _mbsnbcmp are multibyte versions of strncmp. _mbsncmp will compare at most count multibyte characters and _mbsnbcmp will compare at most count bytes. They both use the current multibyte code page. _tcsnccmp and _tcsncmp are the corresponding Generic functions for _mbsncmp and _mbsnbcmp, respectively. _tccmp is equivalent to _tcsnccmp."

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  • How should I handle incomplete packet buffers?

    - by Benjamin Manns
    I am writing a client for a server that typically sends data as strings in 500 or less bytes. However, the data will occasionally exceed that, and a single set of data could contain 200,000 bytes, for all the client knows (on initialization or significant events). However, I would like to not have to have each client running with a 50 MB socket buffer (if it's even possible). Each set of data is delimited by a null \0 character. What kind of structure should I look at for storing partially sent data sets? For example, the server may send ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV\0WXYZ\0123!\0. I would want to process ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV, WXYZ, and 123! independently. Also, the server could send ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890LOL123HAHATHISISREALLYLONG without the terminating character. I would want that data set stored somewhere for later appending and processing. Also, I'm using asynchronous socket methods (BeginSend, EndSend, BeginReceive, EndReceive) if that matters.

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  • WCF Service Memory Leaks

    - by Mubashar Ahmad
    Dear Devs I have a very small wcf service hosted in a console app. [ServiceContract] public interface IService1 { [OperationContract] void DoService(); } [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode=InstanceContextMode.PerCall)] public class Service1 : IService1 { public void DoService() { } } and its being called as using (ServiceReference1.Service1Client client = new ServiceReference1.Service1Client()) { client.DoService(new DoServiceRequest()); client.Close(); } Please remember that service is published on basicHttpBindings. Problem Now when i performed above client code in a loop of 1000 i found big difference between "All Heap bytes" and "Private Bytes" performance counters (i used .net memory profiler). After investigation i found some of the objects are not properly disposed following are the list of those objects (1000 undisposed instance were found -- equals to the client calls) (namespace for all of them is System.ServiceModel.Channels) HttpOutput.ListenerResponseHttpOutput.ListenerResponseOutputStream BodyWriterMessage BufferedMessage HttpRequestContext.ListenerHttpContext.ListenerContextHttpInput.ListenerContextInputStream HttpRequestContext.ListenerHttpContext Questions Why do we have lot of undisposed objects and how to control them. Please Help

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  • memory alignment issues with union

    - by confucius
    Hi all, Is there guarantee, that memory for this object will be properly aligned if we create this object of this type in stack? union my_union { int value; char bytes[4]; }; If we create char bytes[4] in stack and then try to cast it to integer there might be alignment problem. We can avoid that problem by creating it in heap, however, is there such guarantee for union objects? Logically there should be, but I would like to confirm. Thanks.

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  • my realtime network receiving time differs a lot, anyone can help?

    - by sguox002
    I wrote a program using tcpip sockets to send commands to a device and receive the data from the device. The data size would be around 200kB to 600KB. The computer is directly connected to the device using a 100MB network. I found that the sending packets always arrive at the computer at 100MB/s speed (I have debugging information on the unit and I also verified this using some network monitoring software), but the receiving time differs a lot from 40ms to 250ms, even if the size is the same (I have a receiving buffer about 700K and the receiving window of 8092 bytes and changing the window size does not change anything). The phenomena differs also on different computers, but on the same computer the problem is very stable. For example, receiving 300k bytes on computer a would be 40ms, but it may cost 200ms on another computer. I have disabled firewall, antivirus, all other network protocol except the TCP/IP. Any experts on this can give me some hints?

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  • Truncate a UTF-8 string to fit a given byte count in PHP

    - by fsb
    Say we have a UTF-8 string $s and we need to shorten it so it can be stored in N bytes. Blindly truncating it to N bytes could mess it up. But decoding it to find the character boundaries is a drag. Is there a tidy way? [Edit 20100414] In addition to S.Mark’s answer: mb_strcut(), I recently found another function to do the job: grapheme_extract($s, $n, GRAPHEME_EXTR_MAXBYTES); from the intl extension. Since intl is an ICU wrapper, I have a lot of confidence in it.

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  • timing of reads from serial port on windows

    - by Marcin K
    I'm trying to implement a protocol over serial port on a windows(xp) machine. The problem is that message synchronization in the protocol is done via a gap in the messages, i.e., x millisecond gap between sent bytes signifies a new message. Now, I don't know if it is even possible to accurately detect this gap. I'm using win32/serport.h api to read in one of the many threads of our server. Data from the serial port gets buffered, so if there is enough (and there will be enough) latency in our software, I will get multiple messages from the port buffer in one sequence of reads. Is there a way of reading from the serial port, so that I would detect gaps in when particular bytes were received?

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  • How does sizeof calculate the size of structures

    - by Gearoid Murphy
    I know that a char and an int are calculated as being 8 bytes on 32 bit architectures due to alignment, but I recently came across a situation where a structure with 3 shorts was reported as being 6 bytes by the sizeof operator. Code is as follows: #include <iostream> using namespace std ; struct IntAndChar { int a ; unsigned char b ; }; struct ThreeShorts { unsigned short a ; unsigned short b ; unsigned short c ; }; int main() { cout<<sizeof(IntAndChar)<<endl; // outputs '8' cout<<sizeof(ThreeShorts)<<endl; // outputs '6', I expected this to be '8' return 0 ; } Compiler : g++ (Debian 4.3.2-1.1) 4.3.2. This really puzzles me, why isn't alignment enforced for the structure containing 3 shorts?

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