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• Dual-booting Ubuntu and Pardus with GRUB2...Pardus no show?

  - by Ibn Ali al-Turki

  I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed and used to dual-boot Fedora, but I replaced Fedora with Pardus. After the install, I went into ubuntu, and did a sudo update-grub. It detected my Pardus 2011 install there. When I rebooted, it did not show up in my grub2 menu however. I went back to Ubuntu and did it again...then checked the grub.cfg, and it is not there. I have read that Pardus uses a grub legacy. How can I get Pardus into my grub2 menu? Thanks! sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd9b3496e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 15197 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 36394 60802 196059757 5 Extended /dev/sda3 15197 30394 122067968 83 Linux /dev/sda5 36394 59434 185075308 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 59434 60802 10983424 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order and update-grub Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Pardus 2011 (2011) on /dev/sda3 Yet after this, I go to grub.cfg, and Pardus is not there.

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• Debian x86_64 + Nginx + PHP5-FPM optimization

  - by Olal'a

  I used to have a VPS (512MB) from Linode and I was running nginx + php5-fpm (which comes with php5.3.3) on Debian Lenny (i686). The total memory usage was about 90-100MB. Now I have another VPS (different hosting company) and I also run nginx + php5-fpm on Debian Lenny (x86_64). The system is 64-bit, so the memory usage is higher now, about 210-230MB, which I think is too much. Here is my php5-fpm.conf: pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_requests = 300 That's what top command tells me: top - 15:36:58 up 3 days, 16:05, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 209 total, 1 running, 208 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.9%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 532288k total, 469628k used, 62660k free, 28760k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 408k used, 1048160k free, 210060k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22806 www-data 20 0 178m 67m 31m S 1 13.1 0:05.02 php5-fpm 8980 mysql 20 0 241m 55m 7384 S 0 10.6 2:42.42 mysqld 22807 www-data 20 0 162m 43m 22m S 0 8.3 0:04.84 php5-fpm 22808 www-data 20 0 160m 41m 23m S 0 8.0 0:04.68 php5-fpm 25102 www-data 20 0 151m 30m 21m S 0 5.9 0:00.80 php5-fpm 10849 root 20 0 44100 8352 1808 S 0 1.6 0:03.16 munin-node 22805 root 20 0 145m 4712 1472 S 0 0.9 0:00.16 php5-fpm 21859 root 20 0 66168 3248 2540 S 1 0.6 0:00.02 sshd 21863 root 20 0 66028 3188 2548 S 0 0.6 0:00.06 sshd 3956 www-data 20 0 31756 3052 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3954 www-data 20 0 31712 3036 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.74 nginx 3951 www-data 20 0 31712 3008 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3957 www-data 20 0 31688 2992 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.56 nginx 3950 www-data 20 0 31676 2980 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.72 nginx 3955 www-data 20 0 31552 2896 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.56 nginx 3953 www-data 20 0 31552 2888 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.42 nginx 3952 www-data 20 0 31544 2880 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.60 nginx So, the question is there any way to use less memory? Btw, I have 16 cores and it would be nice to make use of them...

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• What can cause a kernel hang on redhat 4?

  - by Ivan Buttinoni

  I've to solve a nasty problem on a ten machine "cluster": randomly one of these machine hang during an hard computation, sometime still ping sometime not. The problem was described me at the phone, I've still no touch/see these machine, so I can't be more precise. It seem there's no (real) keyboard or monitor linked to them, so I haven't nothing about keyboard led or messages on monitor. Don't worry, what I really need is some suggestion where to search the problem, some suggestions on what can cause a kernel hang on a working machine. I also see this post, but seem same need on a different situation. My ideas since now: - HW problem (ram, cpu, fan etc.) - bad autofs configuration - bad nfs(?) configuration - presence of a trojan/hacker/etc - /dev/"swap" linked to /dev/zero - kernel out of memory(??) - kernel bugged In other words I try to imagine what kind of envent can occour that can crash the kernel insted of the application that generate the event. What hang have YOU experienced before? Write it to me! TIA

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• unable to recover data from failed hdd

  - by Eslam Elyamany

  my hdd failing (or maybe totally dead) i've connected the hdd via USB but it doesn't appear in fdisk Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe9fb38fb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 40959999 20376576 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 40962046 976771071 467904513 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 82913280 86910975 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 86913024 394113023 153600000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 40962048 82913279 20975616 83 Linux /dev/sda8 394122708 976768064 291322678+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Partition 8 does not start on physical sector boundary. no sdc appears here , BUT it's appears on /dev/ rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda8 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc6 /dev/sdc8 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda6 /dev/sda9 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc10 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc7 /dev/sdc9 also it appears in proc Code: rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 488386584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 20376576 sda2 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 1998848 sda5 8 6 153600000 sda6 8 8 291322678 sda8 8 9 20975616 sda9 11 0 1048575 sr0 11 1 99136 sr1 8 32 244198583 sdc 8 33 14651248 sdc1 8 34 1 sdc2 8 37 15380480 sdc5 8 38 4153344 sdc6 8 39 48829536 sdc7 8 40 48829536 sdc8 8 41 110374551 sdc9 8 42 1975963 sdc10 and dmesg : [10604.777168] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1 [10604.817238] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [10604.817243] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [10604.817248] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Add. Sense: No additional sense information [10604.817253] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 06 00 ok now , let's see what i've tried testdisk to check for partitions -- failed dd to copy data from /dev/sdcX -- provide strange output size for example /dev/sdc1 is about 15G , the output for dd is 62G+ so i had to cancle it safecopy successfully made an image for partitons , but can't fix images, can't mount it, can't do any thing with it and some other tools i've tried and all failed , so any idea ?

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• Windows 7 boots to black screen with blinking cursor

  - by murgatroid99

  I have an Alienware M17x that dual boots into Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7 Home Premium. Currently, the computer starts at the GRUB loader and will boot into Ubuntu, but if I try to boot into Windows, I immediately get a black screen with a blinking cursor in the upper left corner. The output of fdisk -l is Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dm-0p1 1 5 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p2 6 1918 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p3 * 1918 64772 504878877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p4 64772 77827 104858625 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p5 64772 67204 19531008 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p6 67204 74498 58593536 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p7 74498 77577 24731648 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p8 77578 77827 2000128 82 Linux swap / Solaris I have used the Windows rescue CD, and run the automatic error fixer until it finds no errors. I have run chkdsk /R on both the main Windows 7 (/dev/dm-0p3) partition and the recovery partition (/dev/dm-0p2). I set the main Windows 7 partition to be active. I also tried running in the recovery console the commands bootrec /fixmbr bootrec /fixboot bootrec /rebuildbcd None of these helped and the last set of commands deletes grub, which I then have to reinstall from Ubuntu. I think the last thing I did in windows before this started was install the newest ATI driver for my video card. This would suggest using system restore, and I actually had a restore point earlier (after the problem started), but after whatever I did that restore point does not appear in the list on the recovery disk any more, so I cannot do a system restore. Is there anything else I can try to make Windows boot properly again? Edit: Running the suggested commands bootsect /nt60 c: bcdboot c:\windows /s c: was also ineffective.

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• Debian x86_64 + Nginx + PHP5-FPM optimization

  - by user55859

  I used to have a VPS (512MB) from Linode and I was running nginx + php5-fpm (which comes with php5.3.3) on Debian Lenny (i686). The total memory usage was about 90-100MB. Now I have another VPS (different hosting company) and I also run nginx + php5-fpm on Debian Lenny (x86_64). The system is 64-bit, so the memory usage is higher now, about 210-230MB, which I think is too much. Here is my php5-fpm.conf: pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_requests = 300 That's what top command tells me: top - 15:36:58 up 3 days, 16:05, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 209 total, 1 running, 208 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.9%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 532288k total, 469628k used, 62660k free, 28760k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 408k used, 1048160k free, 210060k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22806 www-data 20 0 178m 67m 31m S 1 13.1 0:05.02 php5-fpm 8980 mysql 20 0 241m 55m 7384 S 0 10.6 2:42.42 mysqld 22807 www-data 20 0 162m 43m 22m S 0 8.3 0:04.84 php5-fpm 22808 www-data 20 0 160m 41m 23m S 0 8.0 0:04.68 php5-fpm 25102 www-data 20 0 151m 30m 21m S 0 5.9 0:00.80 php5-fpm 10849 root 20 0 44100 8352 1808 S 0 1.6 0:03.16 munin-node 22805 root 20 0 145m 4712 1472 S 0 0.9 0:00.16 php5-fpm 21859 root 20 0 66168 3248 2540 S 1 0.6 0:00.02 sshd 21863 root 20 0 66028 3188 2548 S 0 0.6 0:00.06 sshd 3956 www-data 20 0 31756 3052 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3954 www-data 20 0 31712 3036 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.74 nginx 3951 www-data 20 0 31712 3008 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3957 www-data 20 0 31688 2992 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.56 nginx 3950 www-data 20 0 31676 2980 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.72 nginx 3955 www-data 20 0 31552 2896 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.56 nginx 3953 www-data 20 0 31552 2888 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.42 nginx 3952 www-data 20 0 31544 2880 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.60 nginx So, the question is there any way to use less memory? Btw, I have 16 cores and it would be nice to make use of them...

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• sudo fdisk in a live session does not show all hard drives

  - by cornbread

  I am having Grub2 issues in my Ubuntu 10.04 dual boot, 2 hard drive system. So I am attempting to follow the standard grub2 reinstallation guide (cant post link because of spam filters allowing only one... ?_?) Don't know if this is the root of my problem, but my speedy internal HD with my OS on it is not showing up anywhere in a live session. Not in nautilus, behind fdisk.... no where. When I can get the main system to boot, there is no issue seeing all available partitions. But the live session sees only the 1TB internal media/backup hard drive. I need access to the other hard drive and it's partitions to finish the grub2 re-installation but I am not sure anymore that is the underlying issue. Anyone have experience with this? The issue I have identified as a grub2 issue is fully described here. SandPvvr describes it exactly. Some notes: I do not see the grub2 menu for my os's holding down the shift key after my bios screen works maybe 10% of the time Not related to reinstalling a windows os. havent been touched in a year do some web development. issue may have started when I was playing with ruby and django. not sure on this. Could a dev environment do this? fdisk in live session ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001d518 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb2 1 121601 976759939 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 487 110765 885816036 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 110766 121601 87040138+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb7 1 486 3903700+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order

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• "A disk read error occurred" after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB

  - by kellogs

  "A disk read error occurred" appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Here, sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I cannot recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said: Disk /dev/sda - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19458 255 63 The harddisk (160 GB / 149 GiB) seems too small! (< 169 GB / 157 GiB) Check the harddisk size: HD jumper settings, BIOS detection... So far I have tried to "fixboot" and "chkdsk" from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please? Thank you!

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• External Storage for 2TB of backups and 4TB of data RAID level? HW vs Software?

  - by Jerry Mayers

  I have a Mac Mini set up as a media center/file server. Currently I just have a hodgepodge mess of external drives for storage. I'm maxed out, and I have some new laptops on the way with much larger drives and I need to work out a good storage solution for backing them up, as well as storing media on the server. I need around 2 TB of storage for the time machine backups from my various systems and around 2 TB more for media. I would like to build this to handle around 6 TB total so I have some growing room. Since I'm using a Mac Mini as the server I need to use external enclosure(s) that support USB 2 or Firewire 800 (preferred) or gigabit Ethernet. Performance of the system isn't a huge concern since the majority of the access from other computers is done over 802.11N. I plan on using 2TB drives, for the final version, but initially I'll try and use my existing 2 (1TB) drives + some new 2TB drives, and swap the 1TB ones out as I fill up. As to the actual questions: Should I use hardware RAID in some enclosure? Because if the enclosure dies I have to find an identical one to get to my data right? Wouldn't a software RAID be better as I can use any method of connecting the drives to the system? Remember OS X server is my OS. What if I had to reinstall OS X, can I restore the software RAID easily? What RAID version should I use? For the 2TB used for the time machine disk I don't see why I need RAID here, just a single 2TB drive since its already the backup, but for the remaining 4TB it would be the only copy of the data so I should build some redundancy. I had a RAID 5 setup using a cheep RAID PCI card years ago running RAID 5 in a 2 TB array and when a drive died it wanted 48 hours to rebuild. Is this crazy slow for a setup of this size or is this to be expected? Any suggestions as to drive enclosures?

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• Having trouble keeping a 1GB RAM Centos server running

  - by Josh

  This is my first time configuring a VPS server and I'm having a few issues. We're running Wordpress on a 1GB Centos server configured per the internet (online research). No custom queries or anything crazy but closing in on 8K posts. At arbitrary intervals, the server just goes down. From the client side, it just says "Loading..." and will spin more or less indefinitely. On the server side, the shell will lock completely. We have to do a hard reboot from the control panel and then everything is fine. Watching "top" I see it hovering between 35 - 55% memory usage generally and occasional spikes up to around 80%. When I saw it go down, there were about 30 - 40 Apache processes showing which pushed memory over the edge. "error_log" tells me that maxclients was reached right before each reboot instance. I've tried tinkering with that but to no avail. I think we'll probably need to bump the server up to the next RAM level but with ~120K pageviews per month, it seems like that's a bit overkill since it was running fairly well on a shared server before. Any ideas? httpd.conf and my.cnf values to add? I'll update this with the current ones if that helps. Thanks in advance! This has been a fun and important learning experience but, overall, quite frustrating! Edit: quick top snapshot: top - 15:18:15 up 2 days, 13:04, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.44, 0.38 Tasks: 85 total, 2 running, 83 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.7%us, 3.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2051088k total, 736708k used, 1314380k free, 199576k buffers Swap: 4194300k total, 0k used, 4194300k free, 287688k cached

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• Could hybrid SSD + HDD be made with fixed internal partitions?

  - by Aaron

  I was pretty close to getting Seagate's Momentus XT but have been scared off by the many problems reported on forums and feedback sites, especially in Mac Book Pros. So I'm waiting for mk 2 with some extra flash and better reliablilty I'm assuming will come out this year. What would suit me better though is a 32+500 hybrid drive where I have more control over what is on the flash drive and what is on the disk drive. So there are 2 physical partitions within the one 2.5" hard drive enclosure which use different media internally (32GB for core files and 500GB for data and multimedia). The partitions would be locked so they can't be changed. - Or even better, the disk driver just makes them appear as two disks to the OS that share the same bus... Perhaps it's ok if the bios just sees the first drive until the OS is loaded. Is either of it technically possible? Obviously difficult to market outside of the enthusiast market. The SSD memory modules can be pretty small right, so they could even make them a card that plugs into a secondary connection on the enclosure. That would be good for computer builders as well as for upgrading and recoverability. Then future operating systems could recognise these system SSD drives and automatically install the OS + swap files on it. While placing document libraries on the larger data drive. While in the longer term HDD will probably disapear there will always be a trade off between speed, storage size and expense.

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• mod_fcgi in virtualmin: graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL?

  - by mgjk

  Yesterday around 1am, our server ground to a crawl. This doesn't happen often, but I'm trying to get to the bottom of it. There is no unusual traffic volume, no unusual processes running, just all of the sudden the server started killing fcgid processes. [Thu Aug 02 01:17:32 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 26460 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL ... for as many fcgid processes as we have... CPU idle fell to 0% and I/O seemed to take up most of the load. The issue lasted about 5 minutes. I suspect there was some swap activity, although I'm not sure if it was due to killed processes being swapped in to die, or if it was because some process ramped up memory usage faster than my process watching scripts can see them. The oom-killer wasn't triggered (at least it's not logged), so I think this was Apache for some reason restarting the processes. This is not regular, and nothing obvious appears in cron. Is there a normal Apache process which might cause this? We run dozens of different sites, and it was late at night, so volume was very, very low. (maybe 200 requests in a 10 minute period).

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• Removing extended partition without deleting logical in it

  - by HisDudeness

  I'm running a Linux-based laptop, and in order to multi-boot several distros in it, I created an extended partition which contains a bunch of logical ones with GParted. Now, after quite a long time with this setup, I've changed my mind because of the consequent lack of storing space for my data partition. Now I want to keep one distro alone like it's normal, and eventually have some other operating systems stored in external supports to plug in and use if I want. Obviously, also this partition I want to keep (and to enlarge a little too) is just a logical inside the extended I want to keep. For what concerns the number I'm ok, meaning I currently have this big distro dedicated extended, the swap and the data partitions, so there's space for another primary before I delete the extended, but I don't know how to delete it without touching the logical in it, I don't want to reinstall the system losing all changes and settings, and I don't want to keep an extended partition for a logical alone. How can I do? Do I have to create a new primary, copy the logical content in it and then delete everything? Will the system boot and maintain exactly all the features it has now? Or is there a way to convert an extended into a primary once it contains just one logical? Or can I directly move a logical out of an extended turning it into a primary? Or, again, am I screwed?

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• why does the partition start on sector 2048 instead of 63

  - by gcb

  I had two drives partitioned the same and running 2 raid partitions on each. One died and I replaced it under warranty for the same model. While trying to partition it, the first partition can only start on sector 2048, instead of 63 that was before. Driver have different geometry as previous and remaining ones. (Fewer heads/more cylinders) old drive: $ sudo fdisk -c -u -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000aa189 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 174080339 87040138+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 174080340 182482334 4200997+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 182482335 3907024064 1862270865 fd Linux raid autodetect remanufactured drive received from warranty: $ sudo fdisk -c -u -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 765633 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d0b5d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 ... why is that?

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• Replacing the LCD panel in a netbook (Asus Eee PC 1005)

  - by neilfein

  Yesterday, I was cleaning up and dropped my Asus Eee 1005PE. The screen is cracked inside (i.e., cracks are visible only when on), and no longer works properly. I booted up with another monitor attached, and the computer itself is fine, but needs a new screen. Best Buy wants at least $250 to repair it (that includes their $150 fee to breathe in the same room as the unit), and Asus was of no help at all. (They're incredibly cagey and won't provide any money numbers at all, not even the cost of the part.) If replacing the LCD is no more trouble than replacing memory or a hard drive, I can do that. It's within my means to buy the part (18G241010402, a TFT LCD), but I'd like to know more about the procedure involved. My question: How does one replace the screen in this unit? Do I simply open the case and swap out the unit, or do I need to disassemble anything else to get to the screen? I don't want to order the part and then end up in a situation like this. Is the case screwed shut, or is it like an iPod where they glue things closed? I know enough about my abilities with a soldering gun to not attempt to solder tiny wires, would any of that be involved?

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• I would like to edit the layout of my keyboard just a bit - what's the best way?

  - by Codemonkey

  I'm using an Apple keyboard which has some annoyances compared to other keyboards. Namely, the Alt_L and Super_L keys are swapped, and the bar and less keys are swapped ("|" and "<"). I've written an Xmodmap file to swap the keys back: keycode 49 = less greater less greater onehalf threequarters keycode 64 = Super_L NoSymbol Super_L keycode 94 = bar section bar section brokenbar paragraph keycode 108 = Super_R NoSymbol Super_R keycode 133 = Alt_L Meta_L Alt_L Meta_L keycode 134 = Alt_R Meta_R Alt_R Meta_R I did this by identifying the keys using xev and the default modmap xmodmap -pke and swapping the keycodes. xev now identifies all my keys as correct, which is awesome! I can also use the correct keys to type the bar and less than symbols. (I followed this answer on askubuntu: http://askubuntu.com/q/24916/52719) But it seems the change isn't very deep. For instance, the Super key is now broken in the Compiz Settings Manager. No shortcuts involving the Super key works (but the Alt key does). Also the settings dialog for Gnome Do doesn't heed the changes in xmodmap, and I can't open the Gnome Do window anymore if I use any of the remapped keys. So to summarize, everything broke. I would like a deeper way of telling Ubuntu (or any other Linux distro for that matter) which keys are which on the keyboard. Is there a way to edit the Keyboard Layout directly? I'm using the Norwegian Bokmål keyboard layout. Does it reside in a file somewhere I could edit? Any comments, previous experiences or relevant stray thoughts would be greatly appreciated - Thanks

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• Make UEFI, GPT, Bootloader, SSD, USB, Linux and Windows work together

  - by user129552

  I like to use the latest hardware and the latest software; thus I have a Laptop (Lenovo X220) with UEFI instead of BIOS an SSD instead of an HDD GPT partitioning scheme instead of MBR USB to boot from instead of optical disks. I need to use both Windows and Linux. I tried to make them work alongside, but I didn't succeed. Most Linux distribution isos don't even really work on UEFI systems booted from USB. (Not even the self-claimed cutting-edge Fedora. I also tried Linux Mint Debian Edition and Sabayon Linux (according to this guide) which did not work. Only Ubuntu worked for me. I first installed Windows 8 which created sda1: Recovery, sda2: EFI system, sda3: msftres, sda4: NTFS Windows. Windows worked without a problem. I then created sda5: linux-swap and installed Ubuntu into sda6: btrfs. After rebooting, I was not presented GRUB2 as expected, but instead my system just booted into Ubuntu. I could no longer access Windows. After fixing dpkg in btrfs Ubuntu, I followed the Ubuntu documentation on UEFI booting. The result left me with a broken GRUB2, but interestingly, when I wanted to select the device to boot from, I was not only presented the internal SSD, an attached USB device, or LAN, but also Grub2 (broken), Ubuntu and Windows. The result is not very satisfying to me. What would I have to do to fix everything? Or differently asked, what operating system should I install at what point given my possibilities and requirements, so that I have a working bootloader in my UEFI GPT system which presents me a working Linux and Windows.

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• In APC+PHP, how much RAM is too much? Is it okay to set apc.shm_size to many GB?

  - by Jeremy Clarke

  On our server we have a LOT of RAM for our traffic levels (16GB). The HTTP processes regularly eat up all CPU and need to be restarted without even getting close to using swap memory, so I'm looking for ways to spend RAM to ease the load on Apache (and/or help the seperate MySQL server which may be breaking Apache). I have many WordPress installs on the HTTPD instance so APC sometimes uses as much as 900MB of ram (according to the apc.php charts). Just in case I have apc.shm_size set to 1600MB which is more than it needs but not more than I can spare. This means there is usually lots of extra RAM available to APC but also very little turnover and fragmentation is never more than 1%. Is this dangerous? Should I be slimming down APC to less than 1GB just on principle? Should I be expecting some turnover within APC in the name of bringing it's overall footprint down? Having so much memory devoted to APC means that in top/htop every single httpd process shows ~1.9GB in the VIRT memory column. Obviously this is shared memory and not used per-process, but could it be hurting our server? NOTE: The problem with the server remains unclear but the effect is that about 60 times a day all 8 CPU's fill up to 100% and everything stops working until Monit sees that Apache is broken and restarts it (Monin also saves the MySQL server). I'm not sure if APC is even part of the problem but I'm trying to optimize everything just in case.

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• High fan speed with no reason

  - by Klaus

  For a few weeks, the fans of my Lenovo B590 laptop, running on Xubuntu 14, turn to high speed a few minutes after it is turned on. The fans won't speed down until I turn the computer off. This is quite strange, since This didn't happen before The temperatures are quite low (are they ?) $sensors Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +36.0°C (crit = +88.0°C) temp2: +30.0°C (crit = +126.0°C) coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +37.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 0: +34.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 1: +31.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) thinkpad-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter fan1: 0 RPM pkg-temp-0-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +37.0°C $sudo hddtemp /dev/sda /dev/sda: ST500LT012-9WS142: 33°C The computer is under low load: top - 08:30:15 up 16 min, 2 users, load average: 0.28, 0.23, 0.23 Tasks: 197 total, 1 running, 196 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.8 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 3607944 total, 1973956 used, 1633988 free, 99660 buffers KiB Swap: 3744764 total, 0 used, 3744764 free. 789936 cached Mem The BIOS is up to date (and there are no fan settings in it) The fan is clean and dust-free Why would the BIOS turn the fans to high speed where there seem to be no reason for that ? It seems that we cannot control the fan manually with this model, so I guess the only solution is to understand why this happens.

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• Glassfish v3 failure when startup. "Cannot allocate memory "

  - by Shisoft

  It is clear in this Question Fail to start Glassfish 3.1: java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory But in my case,I have a 512M memory Ubuntu 10.04 vps.It seems that I don't need to change any configure.But when start the server,I got this exception VM failed to start: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/bin/java" (in directory "/home/glassfish/glassfish/domains/domain1/config"): java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory So,I set <jvm-options>-Xmx512</jvm-options> to <jvm-options>-Xmx400</jvm-options> The exception remains.What did I do something wrong? result of free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 512 43 468 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 43 468 Swap: 0 0 0 result of cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 146049: kmemsize 2670652 5385253 51200000 51200000 0 lockedpages 0 8 2048 2048 0 privvmpages 11134 134522 131200 262200 4 shmpages 648 1352 128000 128000 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numproc 12 73 500 500 0 physpages 6519 28162 0 200000000 0 vmguarpages 0 0 512000 512000 0 oomguarpages 6527 28169 512000 512000 0 numtcpsock 4 14 4096 4096 0 numflock 0 5 2048 2048 0 numpty 1 2 32 32 0 numsiginfo 0 3 1024 1024 0 tcpsndbuf 159600 265744 20480000 20480000 0 tcprcvbuf 65536 3590352 20480000 20480000 0 othersockbuf 44232 90640 20480000 20480000 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 12848 10240000 10240000 0 numothersock 22 31 2048 2048 0 dcachesize 0 0 10240000 10240000 0 numfile 1002 1474 50000 50000 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 24 24 2048 2048 0 Thanks

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• Regarding partitions for dual-booting Ubuntu with pre-existing Windows 7

  - by Shasteriskt

  I have zero actual experience with configuring disk partitions and the stuff I have read for the past few hours have been confusing me a bit, so please bear with me. First of all, I'd like to explain what I'm setting to achieve: Windows 7 with: C:\ Windows 7 (pre-existing installation) D:\ Data (Already exists and has files already) Ubuntu 11 - Does not exist yet, but I already have a LiveCD in hand. \root directory for Ubuntu \home on its own partition I plan \swap on its own partition with around 8GB Here is the current situation: I have a single 500 GB hard-disk with Windows 7 x64 installed, and the current partition schemes is as follows: System Reserved: 100 MB (Primary, Active) C: 100 GB - Where Windows 7 is installed (Primary) D: 365 GB - Where my files are located, LOTS of free space (Primary) Now, I would like to shrink my D: drive and create around 40 GB of unallocated disk space for the Ubuntu installation, but here what's confusing me a bit: I'm thinking I would create an extended partition and subdivide it into 3 logical partitions for the Ubuntu setup I had in mind. (If you think my setup is a bad idea, please let me know & why. I also hope you can suggest a better one...) I am aware that I can only have up to 4 primary partitions, or 3 primary partitions with 1 extended parition max. Now, does the System Recovery portion count as one primary partition? I'm really new to these things and it is totally unclear to me. In shrinking my D: drive using Windows 7's Disk Management tool, I would get an unallocated free space which I don't know how to make an extended partition from. It seems like I can only create a primary partition from it, not an extended one. How do I go about it? (I'd also like to note, if it is of any importance, that I am trying to avoid using the option to install Ubuntu alongside Windows, and much rather prefer using the custom install where I can specify which drives I wish to use and stuff. Somehow I feel its safer that way.)

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• a disk read error occurred [closed]

  - by kellogs

  Hi, ¨a disk read error occurred¨ appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I can not recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said that ¨The harddisk /dev/sda (160GB / 149 GB) seems too small! (< 172GB / 157GB)¨ or something simillar. So far I have tried to ¨fixboot¨ and ¨chkdsk¨ from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please ? Thank you!

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• How can I setup BluePill to Monitor a Rails App Running via Passenger (mod_rails)

  - by Jim Jeffers

  I recently launched a site running phusion passenger. Unfortunately, the site went down due to a frozen thread. I was able to save the server by doing kill -9 to the specific PID. Still though, I thought passenger was able to manage this automatically. I have a server with 1GB of memory running one rails app with passenger allotted up to 7 instances. However, when I came to discover the site went down I found that passenger had spawned 6 instances with one of them using up over 800mb of memory causing the server to swap. As a result I am hoping to setup something like bluepill on the server but I'm slightly confused as to how you go about doing it. Mainly because bluepill expects to start/stop the processes it's monitoring. However, in our case, passenger already restarts processes for us so we only need to monitor the pids of passengers instances and kill them once they've gotten too large. Has anyone here setup BluePill to monitor a rails app running under phusion's passenger? Any insight would be useful.

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• Recovering ZFS pool with errors on import.

  - by Sqeaky

  I have a machine that had some trouble with some bad RAM. After I diagnosed it and removed the offending stick of RAM, The ZFS pool in the machine was trying to access drives by using incorrect device names. I simply exported the pool and re-imported it to correct this. However I am now getting this error. The pool Storage no longer automatically mounts sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool status no pools available A regular import says its corrupt sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool import pool: Storage id: 13247750448079582452 state: UNAVAIL status: The pool is formatted using an older on-disk version. action: The pool cannot be imported due to damaged devices or data. config: Storage UNAVAIL insufficient replicas raidz1 UNAVAIL corrupted data 805066522130738790 ONLINE sdd3 ONLINE sda3 ONLINE sdc ONLINE A specific import says the vdev configuration is invalid sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool import Storage cannot import 'Storage': invalid vdev configuration I should have 4 devices in my ZFS pool: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdc /dev/sdb I have no clue what 805066522130738790 is but I plan on investigating further. I am also trying to figure out how to use zdb to get more information about what the pool thinks is going on. For reference This was setup this way, because at the time this machine/pool was setup it needed certain Linux features and booting from ZFS wasn't yet supported in Linux. The partitions sda1 and sdd1 are in a raid 1 for the operating system and sdd2 and sda2 are in a raid1 for the swap. Any clue on how to recover this ZFS pool?

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• Windows 7 Paging file apparently not being used

  - by Daniel F.

  I'm running Windows 7 Home Premium 32bit on a mobo with 24GB RAM. Of those 24GB, 20GB are assigned as a RAMDISK via ASRock XFastRAM. This RAMDISK has the drive letter X assigned to it. On X:\ I'm storing the temporary files folder, as well as pagefile.sys. Pagefile.sys has 6GB of size. The X:\ has usually around 14GB free space, so the temporary files are negligible, it's mostly the browsers which are storing their caches on there. Now my issue is that Firefox is crashing a lot on me, no error message pops up, but I know that this is because it's out of memory. I could kind of live with that, but now that I switched from using Eclipse to Android Studio, I know that I'm in trouble, because Java isn't capable of allocating, and Android Studio, together with the Java instances it launches, is quite a memory hog. So I tried to figure out what's wrong, and apparently Windows isn't swapping out memory onto the paging file. While my applications are crashing (firefox) / not starting (java vm's), the paging file is only using constantly around 15% of its size (checked with the performance monitor). 15% equals to 1GB aprox. I know that the correct solution would be to switch to 64 bit Windows, but I had to use the 32 bit version because of driver issues which I had about two years ago, and I guess that I'll have them again if I reformat and install the 64 bit version. Also, the machine is running quite stable, the only issue is the memory, so I'd like to use it as it is (as the apps are installed and configured) Is there a way to make Windows use the paging file more efficiently? None of my processes require more than 1GB, I'd just like it to swap out some seldomly used stuff, like GoogleCrashHandler.exe and stuff like that in order to have "more physical memory avaliable". Is that possible?

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