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• High apache load but zero traffic

  - by Adie

  I have a problem with new server.. I use VPS Centos with 1GB of ram and I use wordpress CMS. The traffic <100 visitor/hour, but the apache have high load and make the server hang with zero free of ram and can't connect through ssh. I should reboot the vps to make it works here is the load on Apache looks like Tasks: 66 total, 1 running, 65 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 12.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 48.1%id, 23.0%wa, 4.8%hi, 10.2%si, 0.0% Mem: 1018776k total, 116620k used, 902156k free, 1236k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 1013052k used, 35516k free, 26628k cached 2949 apache 20 0 459m 42m 3732 D 3.0 4.2 0:09.23 httpd 2959 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3744 D 2.0 3.0 0:02.72 httpd 2968 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3808 D 2.0 2.6 0:02.27 httpd 2972 apache 20 0 460m 24m 3784 D 2.0 2.5 0:02.44 httpd 2986 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3784 R 2.0 2.9 0:02.40 httpd 2969 apache 20 0 458m 29m 3864 D 1.6 3.0 0:02.63 httpd 2974 apache 20 0 460m 25m 3820 D 1.6 2.6 0:02.43 httpd 2990 apache 20 0 460m 23m 3920 D 1.6 2.4 0:02.36 httpd 2994 apache 20 0 460m 31m 3756 D 1.6 3.2 0:02.62 httpd 2956 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3740 D 1.3 2.7 0:02.73 httpd 2957 apache 20 0 465m 22m 3644 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.80 httpd 2967 apache 20 0 458m 24m 3764 D 1.3 2.5 0:02.60 httpd 2970 apache 20 0 463m 25m 3764 D 1.3 2.6 0:03.07 httpd 2971 apache 20 0 451m 22m 3792 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.47 httpd 2973 apache 20 0 458m 25m 3768 D 1.3 2.6 0:02.52 httpd 2987 apache 20 0 465m 20m 3772 D 1.3 2.1 0:03.02 httpd But sometimes the server have uptime more than 5-10hrs but after that the problems start

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• Opening an existing process

  - by Grasper

  I am using Eclipse in Linux through a remote connection (xrdp). My internet got disconnected, so I got disconnected from the server while eclipse was running. Now I logged in again, and I do the "top" command I can see that eclipse is running and still under my user name. Is there some way I can bring that process back into my view (I do not want to kill it because I am in the middle of checking in a large swath of code)? It doesnt show up on the bottom panel after I logged in again. Here is the "top" output: /home/mclouti% top top - 08:32:31 up 43 days, 13:06, 29 users, load average: 0.56, 0.79, 0.82 Tasks: 447 total, 1 running, 446 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.0%us, 0.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 92.1%id, 1.1%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3107364k total, 2975852k used, 131512k free, 35756k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 59860k used, 1971748k free, 817816k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 13415 mclouti 15 0 964m 333m 31m S 21.2 11.0 83:12.96 eclipse 16040 mclouti 15 0 2608 1348 888 R 0.7 0.0 0:00.12 top 31395 mclouti 15 0 29072 20m 8524 S 0.7 0.7 611:08.08 Xvnc 2583 root 20 0 898m 2652 1056 S 0.3 0.1 139:26.82 automount 28990 postgres 15 0 13564 868 304 S 0.3 0.0 26:33.36 postgres 28995 postgres 16 0 13808 1248 300 S 0.3 0.0 6:54.95 postgres 31440 mclouti 15 0 3072 1592 1036 S 0.3 0.1 6:01.54 gam_server 1 root 15 0 2072 524 496 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.00 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.53 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.72 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.33 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 ksoftirqd/2

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• VMWare Workstation Linux Host performance tuning

  - by Hoghweed

  I need to improve my linux hosted vmware workstation for using multiple virtual machines at the same time. I feel very stupid I lost a great blog post link which I found last month (and I'm not able to find it again..) so I try to ask here if anyone can help me: This is my host (laptop): 16GB DDR3 Ram HDD Hybrid 750GB 7200 (8GB SSD Cache) Mint 15 x64 Kernel 3.9.7 swappiness set to 10 The above are the important things about the host. So, My need is the ability to run 2 or 3 VMs at the same time. The lack of performance is about the disk, The last time from that blog post I lost, I setup /tmp to be mounted ad a memory partition and in my previous installation that was good, now I'm not able to find a good solution to tweak the things. I think with 16GB o RAM there will be no problems to run multiple VMs, but whe they start to swap or use the /tmp things going bad (guest cursor going too fast after a freeze, guest freeze and so on) Anyone can help me to fit a good host tweak and configuration to get better performance? Thanks in advance

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• Replacing all disks in a non-OS RAID 5 volume

  - by molecule

  Hi all, We currently have a server with 8 x HDD slots. It is a HP DL380G5 with a P400 controller. 2 x HDD are in a RAID 1+0 config and this hosts the OS. 6 x HDD are in a RAID 5 config and holds an Oracle DB. Basically the RAID 5 volume is running out of space and we would like to swap all 6 with higher capacity disks. Excuse my ignorance as I am pretty new to this... I believe we will need to backup the data, delete the RAID volume, insert the new disks, recreate the volume, and restore the data. 2 questions: Do we need to worry about the OS partition or is it completely independent so we can simply take out the 6 and insert 6 new disks and get the controller to recognize the 6 new disks and form a new RAID 5 volume? We should not need to reinstall OS or Oracle correct? Since we are going to restore the data on the volume from another source (our vendor will take care of this) but we would like to keep the existing data on the 6 disks just in case we run into issues and want to fall back, is this possible? Thanks in advance.

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• Kickstart CentOS 6 prompting for TCP/IP with network set to DHCP

  - by Andy Shinn

  I am trying to stop my kickstart CentOS install prompting me for TCP/IP information. After I click through this prompt (keeping IPv4 and IPv6 to their defaults) the installation continues and completes just fine. Below is my kickstart file: # Andy's super awesome VM kickstart file install url --url=http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us text %include /tmp/network.ks rootpw --iscrypted $6$RA8DyrNTsVJkGIgY$ohZ62HHiOjNnn1yDMZlIu3lQ63D3plGPcbVZtPKE8Oq6Z.IGUgN.kNLkxs/ZymZuluRDWsW2eey5zLOl2G3mp. firewall --service=ssh authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 selinux --disabled timezone America/Los_Angeles bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=vda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" # The following is the partition information you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is # not guaranteed to work zerombr clearpart --all --drives=vda --initlabel part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 part pv.253002 --grow --size=1 volgroup vg1 --pesize=4096 pv.253002 logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg1 --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=51200 logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg1 --grow --size=4032 --maxsize=4032 repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 --cost=100 repo --name="Puppet Labs Products" --baseurl=http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/products/x86_64 repo --name="Puppet Labs Dependencies" --baseurl=http://yum.puppetlabs.com/el/6/dependencies/x86_64 repo --name="EyeFi" --baseurl=http://flexo.eye.fi/6/eye-fi-api %packages @core @server-policy puppet facter %end %pre --erroronfail #!/bin/bash for x in `cat /proc/cmdline`; do case $x in SERVERNAME*) eval $x echo "network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --hostname ${SERVERNAME}.eye.fi" /tmp/network.ks ;; esac; done %end %post puppet agent --waitforcert 10 --onetime --no-daemon --pluginsync --server puppet.eye.fi %end reboot My kernel arguments are in this following virt-install command that I use to start the install: virt-install -n zabbix -r 2048 --vcpus=2 -l http://mirrors.kernel.org/centos/6/os/x86_64 --disk /dev/vg_inf1/zabbix --network bridge=br85 --initrd-inject=/home/ashinn/vm_kickstart --extra-args "ks=file:/vm_kickstart SERVERNAME=zabbix" --autostart During the install, I can pull up a console on the second terminal and verify the contents of /tmp/network.ks are: network --onboot=yes --bootproto=dhcp --ipv6=auto --hostname=jenkins2.mydomain.com Why might Anaconda be prompting for the TCP/IP settings when they are already set to DHCP?

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• Libvirt / QEmu Machine Fails and Refuses Restart Because of Memory Allocation Errors

  - by Elmar Weber

  I'm having a problem with libvirt. On a system restart all virtual machines (VMs) are started without a problem and keep running. Then at some point in time a set of machines shuts down according to their log. When I try to restart the machine, I'm getting an error that the memory allocation failed, although more than enough memory is free. server ~ # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 16176648 16025476 151172 0 285432 950300 -/+ buffers/cache: 14789744 1386904 Swap: 0 0 0 server ~ # virsh start zimbra error: Failed to start domain zimbra error: Unable to read from monitor: Connection reset by peer server ~ # tail -n 4 /var/log/libvirt/qemu/zimbra.log LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-0.12 -enable-kvm -m 3072 -smp 2,sockets=2,cores=1,threads=1 -name zimbra -uuid d05ddb7a-83c4-a77b-d8bc-a322648520cf -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/zimbra.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-shutdown -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zimbra.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=19,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:21:a9:ad,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -usb -vnc 192.168.1.2:25 -k de -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 char device redirected to /dev/pts/2 Failed to allocate 3221225472 B: Cannot allocate memory 2012-07-06 08:42:56.076+0000: shutting down server ~ # uname -a Linux server 3.2.0-26-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 14 17:49:24 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The system is a Ubuntu 12.04 server. The problem seems to occurs since the last restart, which was due to a number of package upgrades and a kernel upgrade. I tried booting with the previous kernel, the problem persists. I was not able to pinpoint an exact event when the machines fail, they do it at nearly the same time. The last time a duplicity job was running, this was not always the case however. Any suggestions on how to debug this? Best regards, elm

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• 0% CPU in top for all processes, but load average > 1

  - by chrisdew

  On two different servers (with Ubuntu 12.04LTS AMD64) I have seen the following behaviour: op - 10:50:05 up 305 days, 21:17, 1 user, load average: 1.94, 2.52, 2.97 Tasks: 141 total, 2 running, 139 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 41.5%us, 6.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 51.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8178432k total, 5753740k used, 2424692k free, 159480k buffers Swap: 15625208k total, 0k used, 15625208k free, 4905292k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 23928 2072 1216 S 0 0.0 0:56.42 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.23 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:39.82 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.99 migration/1 7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:32.15 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:11.67 migration/2 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 29:00.34 ksoftirqd/2 The server is working fine, but top shows all processes as using 0% CPU. A reboot fixed this on an earlier machine, but I haven't yet tried it on this one. I have tried top several times, and so am sure that I haven't accidentally pressed '<' or '' to sort by a different column. Sorting the process list by all of the available columns, stills shows 0% CPU for all displayed processes. What is going on? If this a kernel bug? Update: If I use top -p <PID> for a know, busy process, top still displays 0% CPU for that process.

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• No clue for high load average on top

  - by Oz.

  We have several machines on Amazon (ec2) of the type c1.xlarge with 16 cpus, running the Amazon AMI. Details on the machine: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge One out of the several machines is showing a high load average, since we have run the last yum upgrade a couple of weeks a go. We did not yet update the other machines, and everything looks normal on them. The strange thing is that the top command not showing any hint for the cause of the load. CPUs are 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st(see below). Mem is about 1.5GB free. Any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? Many thanks for the help. # # top # top - 07:57:42 up 4:18, 1 user, load average: 1.36, 1.45, 1.47 Tasks: 131 total, 1 running, 130 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 7120092k total, 5644920k used, 1475172k free, 532888k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3463936k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1557 mysql 20 0 1829m 374m 6448 S 14.3 5.4 11:15.09 mysqld 6655 apache 20 0 416m 49m 3744 S 9.3 0.7 0:04.85 httpd 27683 apache 20 0 421m 54m 3708 S 9.0 0.8 0:00.99 httpd 6682 apache 20 0 424m 57m 3788 S 8.3 0.8 0:03.81 httpd 16816 apache 20 0 419m 51m 3760 S 4.3 0.7 0:04.09 httpd 22182 apache 20 0 417m 50m 3756 S 1.7 0.7 0:06.34 httpd 219 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.34 kworker/7:1 699 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.40 kworker/3:1 1 root 20 0 19376 1508 1212 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.71 ksoftirqd/0

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• virtual memory commited

  - by vinu

  After a server bounce happens, and after around 40-45 days time period, we receive continuous “Committed Virtual Memory” alerts which indicates the usage of swap space in the magnitude of 4GB This also causes the application to perform very slowly and experience a number of stalled transactions. Server Setup: 4 Tomcat Servers (version 7.0.22) that are load balanced (not clustered) by 2 Apache Servers. And the Apache servers themselves supply static content and routing to these 4 tomcat servers. Java Runtime Version: java version "1.6.0_30" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_30-b12) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.5-b03, mixed mode Memory Startup Parameters: MEMORY_OPTIONS="-Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Xss192k -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled" Monitoring – Wily monitoring is available in all the production servers that monitors key server parameters and sends out configurable alert emails based on pre defined settings. Note: Each of the servers also has two other separate tomcat domains that run different applications Investigated area: There is no Heap Memory Leak and the GC is running fine without any issues over any period of time The current busy thread count corresponds directly to the application usage – weekends and nights have lesser no. of threads compared to business hours ThreadLocal uses a WeakReference internally. If the ThreadLocal is not strongly referenced, it will be garbage-collected, even though various threads have values stored via that ThreadLocal. Additionally, ThreadLocal values are actually stored in the Thread; if a thread dies, all of the values associated with that thread through a ThreadLocal are collected. If you have a ThreadLocal as a final class member, that's a strong reference, and it cannot be collected until the class is unloaded. But this is how any class member works, and isn't considered a memory leak. The cited problem only comes into play when the value stored in a ThreadLocal strongly references that ThreadLocal—sort of a circular reference. In this case, the value (a SimpleDateFormat), has no backwards reference to the ThreadLocal. There's no memory leak in this code. Can anyone please let me know what could be the cause of this and what to be monitored?

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• Apache process consumes too much CPU

  - by Niro

  I have an ubuntu apache/php server running php doing appx 100 hits/sec and a PHP cron running in the background. I get occasionally high CPU load on one of the Apache processes which stays high regardless of traffic or cron activity. It seems to me that its stuck in some kind of loop or something. Below you will find the top and strace info. How can I find where the bad code is and what causes this? top - 14:45:24 up 3 days, 3:38, 1 user, load average: 5.10, 5.88, 5.85 Tasks: 163 total, 5 running, 158 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 47.8%us, 18.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 10.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.8%si, 21.6%st Mem: 7885012k total, 3858484k used, 4026528k free, 177444k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 1037868k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10736 www-data 20 0 769m 559m 478m R 69 7.3 29:08.30 apache2 10844 www-data 20 0 824m 601m 492m S 17 7.8 4:37.90 apache2 1016 root 20 0 242m 25m 4628 S 6 0.3 162:07.93 scalarizr 9030 www-data 20 0 879m 619m 492m S 4 8.0 5:06.82 apache2 20216 www-data 20 0 747m 228m 170m S 4 3.0 0:01.94 apache2 10807 www-data 20 0 814m 584m 492m S 3 7.6 4:54.10 apache2 10455 www-data 20 0 831m 574m 492m S 3 7.5 4:32.65 apache2 10495 www-data 20 0 849m 592m 492m S 3 7.7 4:41.10 apache2 10884 www-data 20 0 840m 581m 492m S 3 7.6 4:25.06 apache2 ^CProcess 10736 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 74.55 0.148052 1 109755 gettimeofday 25.36 0.050370 0 164634 clock_gettime 0.09 0.000178 0 54878 poll ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.198600 329267 total root@ec2-67-202-54-36:~# ^C

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• Website has become slower on a VPS, was much fast on a shared host. What's wrong?

  - by Arpit Tambi

  My shared host suspended my website stating system overload, so I moved my website to a VPS which has 4GB RAM. But for some reason the website has become very slow. This is the vmstat output - procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 3050500 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 Here's the Apache Benchmark output for a STATIC html page I ran on the server itself - Benchmarking www.ask-oracle.com (be patient)...apr_poll: The timeout specified has expired (70007) Total of 20 requests completed Update: Server Config: List item Centos 5.6 4 cores cpu 4 GB RAM LAMP stack with APC Wordpress Only one website It takes almost double time to load now, same website was much fast on shared hosting. I know I need to tweak some settings but have no clue where to start from? I have already tried to optimize apache, mysql etc. Update 2: CPU usage is low, see uptime output: 11:09:02 up 7 days, 21:26, 1 user, load average: 0.09, 0.11, 0.09 Update 3: When I load any webpage, browser shows "Waiting" for a long time and then page loads quickly. So I suspect server can accept only limited connections and holds extra connections in a waiting state. How to check this? Update 4: Following is the output on executing netperf TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1) port 0 AF_INET Recv Send Send Socket Socket Message Elapsed Size Size Size Time Throughput bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/sec 87380 16384 16384 10.00 9615.40 [root@ip-118-139-177-244 j3ngn5ri6r01t3]# Here are the Apache MPM settings from httpd.conf, do they look okay? <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 5 MaxClients 100 MinSpareThreads 50 MaxSpareThreads 250 ThreadsPerChild 125 MaxRequestsPerChild 10000 ServerLimit 100 </IfModule>

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• Ubuntu NBR karmic boot freezes at fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16

  - by Bluebill

  I have a netbook (emachine e250 - equivalent to an acer aspire one) and I have Ubunutu NBR 9.10 installed on it. Every other cold boot freezes at the following error message: fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16 There is no disk activity, no activity what so ever. I have left the machine sit for over an hour and nothing. It takes a couple of hard resets to be able to boot properly. Once it boots everything works great (wireless, suspend/resume, etc.)! I have spent the last couple of weeks researching the problem and the only thing that seems to work is setting nolapic in the boot string in grub - it boots every time. Unfortunately, nolapic disables the second core and causes problems with suspend resume. At first I thought it was an fsck problem with the first partition on the hard disk as it is a hidden ntfs partition containing the windows xp recover information. So in /etc/fstab I set the partition so that it would be ignored by fsck. This didn't seem to do anything. I have these partitions: /dev/sda1 - an ntfs recovery partition /dev/sda2 - /boot /dev/sda3 - swap /dev/sda5 - / /dev/sda6 - /home I am running kernel version 2.6.31-19-generic and have all the patches (as indicated by update manager). I also have no splash screen so I can see the boot progress. I have only been using NBR since January, I have been using Ubuntu on my desktop since last June (2009-06). What logs should I be looking at? Is there a log for failed boots?

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• Move an SSD with Windows 7 to a new PCIe SATA controller card

  - by Shevek

  This is my current setup: Abit AB9 QuadGT motherboard which has an Intel P965 chipset with Intel ICH8 SATA Rev. 2.0 controller Kingston HyperX 3K 120GB SSD which supports SATA Rev. 3.0 Windows 7 Ultimate x64 For some reason I was unable to install Windows with the controller set in AHCI mode, even with the correct driver from Intel so it is currently in IDE mode. Due to the ICH8 controller being SATA Rev 2.0 and running in IDE mode, the SSD is operating well under it's published read/write speeds. I have ordered an Asus U3S6 controller card to add both SATA Rev. 3.0 and USB 3.0 to my computer. The motherboard does have a PCIe x4 slot available so I will hopefully achieve the full potential of my SSD. My question is this - am I able to swap the SSD over to the controller card from the motherboard controller without having to clean install Windows? I am hoping that all I will need to do is ensure that the controller card drivers are available to Windows and set the registry as per this KB article. Will this work or should I perform a clean installation?

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• Cannot load from raid with grub

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... This is my partial fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• convert a logical partition to a primary partition

  - by ant2009

  Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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• Ubuntu Pound Reverse Proxy Load Balancing Based off active server load?

  - by Andrew

  I have Pound installed on a loadbalancer. It seems to work okay, except that it randomly assigns the backend server to forward the request to. I've put 1 backend machine under so much load that it went into using swap, and I can't even ssh into it to test this scenareo. I would like the loadbalancer to realize that the machine is overloaded, and send it to a different backend machine. However it doesn't. I've read the man page and it seems like the directive "DynScale 1" is what would monitor this, but it still redirects to the overloaded server. I've also put in "HAport 22" to the backend figuring since I can't ssh in, neither could the loadbalancer and it would consider the backend server dead until it gets rid of the load and responds, but that didn't help either. If anyone could help with this, I'd appreciate it. My current config is below. ###################################################################### ## global options: User "www-data" Group "www-data" #RootJail "/chroot/pound" ## Logging: (goes to syslog by default) ## 0 no logging ## 1 normal ## 2 extended ## 3 Apache-style (common log format) LogLevel 3 ## check backend every X secs: Alive 5 DynScale 1 Client 1200 TimeOut 1500 # poundctl control socket Control "/var/run/pound/poundctl.socket" ###################################################################### ## listen, redirect and ... to: ## redirect all requests on port 80 to SSL ListenHTTP Address 192.168.1.XX Port 80 Service Redirect "https://xxx.com/" End End ListenHTTPS Address 192.168.1.XX Port 443 Cert "/files/www.xxx.com.pem" Service BackEnd Address 192.168.1.1 Port 80 HAport 22 End BackEnd Address 192.168.1.2 Port 80 HAport 22 End End End

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• How do I repair my Logitech Anywhere MX?

  - by Stefano Palazzo

  My Anywhere Mouse has got mushy mouse button syndrome. That is, the left mouse button feels a little bit soft, and it easily double clicks, let's go when I drag something. Before I repair it at home, rather than bringing it to the store (I kind of need it, it's the only one I have), I'd like to know exactly what I'm doing. It'd be too bad if I tried to repair it, voided the warranty and didn't succeed. I'm guessing there are screws to open it under the rubber pads. And I suppose I can take those off without breaking them, and put them back on without bending them. How is this mouse held together, and what's the safest way to open it? Once I have it open, will I be able to fix the problem? What's causing the mushy mouse button? Here's what I know so far: It might be the switch itself that's broken, in which case I shouldn't open it (I can't get a replacement, voiding the warranty to "have a look" seems pointless) If there are screws underneath the rubber pads, they're only on the 'front', the back two thirds of the mouse are all battery cover: There's nothing I can see under the batteries either. In the mouse I had before this one, there were sort of springy things connecting the actual button with the switch soldered to the board. They were just lying inside of a bit of plastic, and I could swap the left and right ones easily. If repairing it is more difficult, transferring the problem to the right mouse button would be a very good start.

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• High CPU usage in my digitalocean droplet

  - by Ibrahim Azhar Armar

  I am experiencing high CPU usage here is the stats i got from server, the consumption after every restart in 15 minutes go upto 100%, what could go wrong? I have a wordpress copy installed on the server which does not have much traffic, here is the stats that i got from using top command in server. top - 11:46:02 up 12 min, 3 users, load average: 40.89, 16.03, 6.11 Tasks: 132 total, 41 running, 91 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 24.3%us, 61.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 4.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 10.2%st Mem: 2050896k total, 1988656k used, 62240k free, 284k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 4712k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 31 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 39 0.0 1:35.53 kswapd0 899 root 20 0 15988 172 0 S 14 0.0 0:05.00 irqbalance 418 syslog 20 0 243m 600 0 S 13 0.0 0:06.85 rsyslogd 944 mysql 20 0 1320m 53m 0 S 12 2.7 0:21.15 mysqld 2357 root 20 0 17344 532 164 R 11 0.0 0:14.27 top 960 root 20 0 246m 3816 0 S 3 0.2 0:08.18 php5-fpm 2431 www-data 20 0 344m 64m 908 R 2 3.2 0:04.23 apache2 2435 www-data 20 0 304m 63m 836 R 2 3.2 0:03.43 apache2 2413 www-data 20 0 349m 63m 920 R 2 3.2 0:07.51 apache2 2465 www-data 20 0 349m 64m 944 R 2 3.2 0:05.04 apache2 2518 www-data 20 0 307m 41m 1204 R 2 2.1 0:01.37 apache2 2406 www-data 20 0 346m 56m 1144 R 2 2.8 0:03.76 apache2 2456 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 1184 R 2 2.8 0:02.67 apache2 2373 www-data 20 0 351m 63m 784 R 2 3.2 0:11.09 apache2 2439 www-data 20 0 306m 35m 916 R 2 1.8 0:02.51 apache2 2450 www-data 20 0 345m 55m 1088 R 2 2.8 0:02.96 apache2 2486 www-data 20 0 299m 10m 876 R 2 0.5 0:01.19 apache2 2523 www-data 20 0 300m 27m 796 R 2 1.4 0:00.99 apache2

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• Swapping out a hardware firewall does the mac address get cached?

  - by Dan

  We need to replace a hardware firewall (cisco pix) and have a spare that we will use (temporarily). The firewall sits in front of a couple of web-servers colocated at a data-centre. The replacement will be configured with identical settings (external/internal IP addresses, configured ports etc.). When we swap the firewalls over, will this work immediately or will the old Pix's mac address be cached and the new firewall not be seen until the cache is cleared? (What is it though that is caching the address? Is it just the switch/router that our pix is connected to?) Reason for asking is a few years ago I had a smoothwall firewall in front of a lone server (the external IP of the smoothwall was also the external IP of the web-server). When I replaced the smoothwall with a pix, the IP address of the web-server stayed the same but it now had to be reached via the new firewall on a different IP. It took about 2-4 hours before the rest of the world could see that web-server again. I'm hoping for less downtime this time!

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• FreeBSD's ng_nat stopping pass the packets periodically

  - by Korjavin Ivan

  I have FreeBSD router: #uname 9.1-STABLE FreeBSD 9.1-STABLE #0: Fri Jan 18 16:20:47 YEKT 2013 It's a powerful computer with a lot of memory #top -S last pid: 45076; load averages: 1.54, 1.46, 1.29 up 0+21:13:28 19:23:46 84 processes: 2 running, 81 sleeping, 1 waiting CPU: 3.1% user, 0.0% nice, 32.1% system, 5.3% interrupt, 59.5% idle Mem: 390M Active, 1441M Inact, 785M Wired, 799M Buf, 5008M Free Swap: 8192M Total, 8192M Free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE C TIME WCPU COMMAND 11 root 4 155 ki31 0K 64K RUN 3 71.4H 254.83% idle 13 root 4 -16 - 0K 64K sleep 0 101:52 103.03% ng_queue 0 root 14 -92 0 0K 224K - 2 229:44 16.55% kernel 12 root 17 -84 - 0K 272K WAIT 0 213:32 15.67% intr 40228 root 1 22 0 51060K 25084K select 0 20:27 1.66% snmpd 15052 root 1 52 0 104M 22204K select 2 4:36 0.98% mpd5 19 root 1 16 - 0K 16K syncer 1 0:48 0.20% syncer Its tasks are: NAT via ng_nat and PPPoE server via mpd5. Traffic through - about 300Mbit/s, about 40kpps at peak. Pppoe sessions created - 350 max. ng_nat is configured by by the script: /usr/sbin/ngctl -f- <<-EOF mkpeer ipfw: nat %s out name ipfw:%s %s connect ipfw: %s: %s in msg %s: setaliasaddr 1.1.%s There are 20 such ng_nat nodes, with about 150 clients. Sometimes, the traffic via nat stops. When this happens vmstat reports a lot of FAIL counts vmstat -z | grep -i netgraph ITEM SIZE LIMIT USED FREE REQ FAIL SLEEP NetGraph items: 72, 10266, 1, 376,39178965, 0, 0 NetGraph data items: 72, 10266, 9, 10257,2327948820,2131611,4033 I was tried increase net.graph.maxdata=10240 net.graph.maxalloc=10240 but this doesn't work. It's a new problem (1-2 week). The configuration had been working well for about 5 months and no configuration changes were made leading up to the problems starting. In the last few weeks we have slightly increased traffic (from 270 to 300 mbits) and little more pppoe sessions (300-350). Help me please, how to find and solve my problem?

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• Is VGA port hot-pluggable?

  - by Martin Bøgelund

  In meetings, I often see people detaching the VGA connector from one running laptop and connecting it to another, while the projector is still on. Is this 100% risk free, and OK by design of the VGA standard? If there's a risk involved in hot-plugging VGA, can it be removed by turning off or suspending either laptop, display, or both? I see this being done all the time without causing disaster, so clearly I'm not interested in answers stating "we do it all the time, so it should be OK!". I want to know if there's a risk - real or in theory - that something breaks when doing this. EDIT: I did an internet search on the topic, and I never found a clear statement as to why it is safe or unsafe to hot swap VGA devices. The typical form is a forum question asking basically the same question as I did, and the following types of statements Yes it's hot swappable! I do it all the time! It involves some kind of risk, so don't do it! You're some kind of moron if you think there's a risk, so just do it! But no explanation as to why it safe or not... Joe Taylors answer below contains a link to a forum post and answers that basically give me the same statements as mentioned above. But again, no good explanation why. So I looked for an actual manual for a projector, and found "Lenovo C500 Projector User’s Guide". It states on page 3-1: Connecting devices Computers and video devices can be connected to the projector at the same time. Check the user’s manual of the connecting device to confirm that it has the appropriate output connector. [image] Attention: As a safety precaution, disconnect all power to the projector and devices before making connections. But again, no good explanation.

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• MySQL is killing the server IO.

  - by OneOfOne

  I manage a fairly large/busy vBulletin forums (running on gigenet cloud), the database is ~ 10 GB (~9 milion posts, ~60 queries per second), lately MySQL have been grinding the disk like there's no tomorrow according to iotop and slowing the site. The last idea I can think of is using replication, but I'm not sure how much that would help and worried about database sync. I'm out of ideas, any tips on how to improve the situation would be highly appreciated. Specs : Debian Lenny 64bit ~12Ghz (6 cores) CPU, 7520gb RAM, 160gb disk. Kernel : 2.6.32-4-amd64 mysqld Ver 5.1.54-0.dotdeb.0 for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64 ((Debian)) Other software: vBulletin 3.8.4 memcached 1.2.2 PHP 5.3.5-0.dotdeb.0 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jan 7 2011 00:07:27) lighttpd/1.4.28 (ssl) - a light and fast webserver PHP and vBulletin are configured to use memcached. MySQL Settings : [mysqld] key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 1024 query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_size = 128M expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M key_buffer_size = 128M join_buffer_size = 8M tmp_table_size = 16M max_heap_table_size = 16M table_cache = 96 Other : > vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 9 0 73140 36336 8968 1859160 0 0 42 15 3 2 6 1 89 5 > /etc/init.d/mysql status Threads: 49 Questions: 252139 Slow queries: 164 Opens: 53573 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 337 Queries per second avg: 61.302. Edit Additional info.

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• Intermittent Trouble Entering Hibernate on WinXP

  - by kquinn

  My personal desktop, running 32-bit Windows XP SP2 (with 4GB RAM, 2.75GB addressable, swap disabled, hiberfil.sys existing and contiguous on C:\; SP3 is not installed because SP2 has been working fine and I do not want to re-qualify with SP3 just for sheer perversity) typically gets hibernated at night. For a long time this worked great, but recently the machine has had trouble entering hibernation. Sometimes when I press my power button (configured to hibernate), the box will start the procedure for hibernating (i.e., go to the blue "Windows XP" background logo and display a message about entering hibernation), but before displaying the usual blue-on-black hibernation progress bar it will drop back to the desktop. No error messages appear, on screen or in the system log. The only record of unsuccessful hibernation attempts in the system log, which proudly proclaims that "The Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) service entered the running state." once per failed hibernation attempt. The problem is almost certainly resource related: if I then close one or more applications which are running, and repeat the exact same process, the machine will hibernate perfectly. There does not appear to be a reliable high-water mark for virtual or physical memory use, below which the machine is guaranteed to hibernate; it's different every time (though typically, below about 1.1–1.4 GB memory usage seems to be where hibernate succeeds most often). Memory may not even be the relevant resource; as far as I know, it could also be handles or sockets. This behavior is relatively recent: it has only started in the last few months; before then, I could hibernate reliably no matter what the current resource use of the system. This machine claims to have hotfix Q909095 installed, but since the symptoms of my problem match KB909095 rather well, I'm suspicious if this fix is actually working as intended. Any ideas on how to fix this or where to start debugging?

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• Is my OCZ SSD aligned correctly? (Linux)

  - by Barney Gumble

  I have an OCZ Agility 2 SSD with 40 GB of space. I use it as a system drive in Debian Linux (Squeeze) and in my opinion it's really fast. But I've read a lot on aligning partitions and file systems... And I'm not sure if I succeeded in aligning the partitions correctly. Maybe the SSD could be even faster?? ;-) I use ext4 and here is the output of fdisk -cul: Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40018599936 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4865 cylinders, total 78161328 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: [...] Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 73242623 36620288 83 Linux /dev/sda2 73244670 78159871 2457601 5 Extended /dev/sda5 73244672 78159871 2457600 82 Linux swap / Solaris My partitions were created just by the Debian Squeeze setup assistant. So I didn't care about the details of partitioning. But now I think maybe the installer didn't align it correctly? Actually, 2048 looks good to me (better than odd values like 63 or something like that) but I've no idea... ;-) Help plz! According to some "SSD Alignment Calculator" I found on the web, the OCZ SSDs have a NAND Erase Block Size of 512kB and their NAND Page Size is 4kB. 2048 is divisible by 4 and 512. So are the partitions aligned correctly?

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• How should I perform database maintenance on a 24x7 system

  - by solublefish

  I'm a software developer who inherited a part-time DBA role. I'm responsible for an application backed by a small, high-volume 24x7 database on SQL Server 2008. While there's other stuff in the DB, the critical piece is a 50GB, 7.5M row table that serves 100K requests/sec during peak load, and about half that at "night". This is 99%+ read traffic, but the writes are constant, and required. I need to be able to perform periodic maintenance without a maintenance window. Say an index rebuild, a job to purge old data, Windows Update, or hardware upgrade. Most of the advice I've seen is along the lines of "MAKE a maintenance window." While I appreciate the sentiment, I hope there's another way. If it will solve this problem, I do have the ability to purchase new hardware or modify the database, the clients (a set of web services servers), and much of the application code (ADO.NET + ASP.NET). I've been thinking along the lines of using the warm spare (or a 3rd server) to do the maintenance, and then "swap" it into production. 1 Synchronize the spare by restoring backups, including a current transaction log. 2 Perform the maintenance tasks. 3 Reconfigure clients to connect to the spare server. Existing connections are finished within a minute or so. 4 The spare server is now the production server. The problem remaining is that the new production server is now out of date by however long it took to perform maintenance. Is there some way that the original production server can be made to queue up changes and merge them to the spare between steps 2 and 3? Any other ideas?

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