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  • How can I improve the battery life under 12.04 on my Inspiron 14z? [duplicate]

    - by cfogelberg
    This question already has an answer here: Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks 24 answers How do I improve the battery life of my Inspiron 14z under Ubuntu 12.04? This laptop gets 4-5 hours of battery life using Windows (e.g. here). I've removed Windows, installed Ubuntu 12.04 and the initial battery life was only 2 hours. With some tweaks (described below) it's still only ~2.5 hours. For reference, the laptop is the latest model of the 14z: i5-3337U processor 32GB MSATA, 500GB HDD (5400rpm) AMD Radeon HD7570M graphics card I have put ext4 partitions on both the SSD and the HDD, and have mounted / to the SSD and /home to the HDD. I also put a 24gb linux swap partition at the start of the HDD, though I figure this won't be used all that much (the laptop has 8gb of RAM). After googling around and reading Ask Ubuntu and other sites extensively, I have done the following steps, and they have improved the battery life ~30 minutes (exact improvement not clear, but battery life is still nowhere near 4-5 hours). Installed Jupiter (and set Performance to "Power Saving") Installed laptop-mode-tools cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode now outputs 5 (previously it output 0) But it's not clear that this will help: AskUbuntu question Turned down the brightness of my screen from full to 1/3 Other things I have heard about but have not tried for fear of frying the laptop or my linux install: Add "pcie_aspm=force" at the end of the line with "quiet splash" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg Enable ALPM, but it may already be enabled in 12.04? Enable i915 framebuffer compression Use a propietary driver for the graphics card? Turn off the graphics card? (what would happen if I relied on the internal Intel bridge?) Use TLP? Spin down the HDD more aggressively (howto, but I think laptop-mode-tools does this already) The only other thing I've noticed is that plastic just above the F5, F6 and F7 keys gets really hot. According to Jupiter my CPU temperature is only 69 celsius and the System Monitor shows CPU load at 7% so I don't think it's the CPU. Maybe it's the graphics card? Also, I've set up MongoDB and LAMP on the machine as well. When I run powertop MongoDB is high in the list, but I'm not sure if that's relevant to battery life because I'm not actually doing anything with MongoDB most of the time. Edit - Additional info as requested $ lspci -nnk | grep -iEA3 "(graphics|vga)" 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 -- 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Thames [Radeon 7500M/7600M Series] [1002:6841] Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: radeon Kernel modules: radeon

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  • Misused mke2fs and cannot boot into system

    - by surlogics
    I installed Ubuntu with WUBI in Windows 7 64bit, and I had installed Mandriva 2011 with a disk. I tried to learn Linux with Ubuntu and misused mke2fs; after I reboot my computer, Windows 7 and Ubuntu has crashed. As I have Mandriva, I boot into Mandriva and found # df -h /dev/sda7 12G 9.8G 1.5G 88% / /dev/sda2 15G 165M 14G 2% /media/logical /dev/sda6 119G 88G 32G 74% /media/2C9E85319E84F51C /dev/sda5 118G 59G 60G 50% /media/D25A6DDE5A6DBFB9 /dev/sda9 100G 188M 100G 1% /media/ae69134a-a65e-488f-ae7f-150d1b5e36a6 /dev/sda1 100M 122K 100M 1% /media/DELLUTILITY /dev/sda3 98G 81G 17G 83% /media/OS # fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd24f801e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 206847 102400 6 FAT16 /dev/sda2 * 206848 30926847 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 30926848 235726847 102400000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 235728864 976771071 370521104 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 235728896 481488895 122880000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 727252992 976771071 124759040 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 481500243 506674034 12586896 83 Linux /dev/sda8 506674098 514851119 4088511 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda9 514851183 727246484 106197651 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I think I may used the following command mke2fs -j -L "logical"/dev/sda2 but I had forgotten what kind of partition it was before I transfered it into ext3. perhaps ntfs Data was not lost, and I can view my files as I could in Windows. In Mandriva, there are following disks: 117.2 GB hard disk, files in it is the same as my Windows D:, and Ubuntu was installed in it; 119.0 GB hard disk is my G:, with my personal files in it; 12.0 GB is the same with Mandriva / (with means root), 101.3 GB hard disk with nothing but lost+found; DELLUTILITY should be Dell computer utilities pre-installed in my computer; logical is the disk which I had spoiled, I can view nothing but lost+found; and OS is the C: in my Windows. After I boot, grub lets me choose Mandriva or Windows. I chose Windows and it tells me: FILE system type unknown, partition type 0x7 Error 13: Invalid or unsupported executable format I doubt something wrong with windows MBR or something # cat /boot/grub/menu.lst timeout 5 color black/cyan yellow/cyan gfxmenu (hd0,6)/boot/gfxmenu default 0 title linux kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot logo.nologo quiet resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd splash=silent vga=788 initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title linux-nonfb kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux-nonfb root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title failsafe kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=failsafe root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot failsafe initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title windows root (hd0,1) makeactive chainloader +1 I can boot into Linux, but not Ubuntu, it boot into Mandriva. I don't have a boot disk. Help me find a way to make it work again.

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  • Oracle Text????~????????????????????????

    - by Yuichi Hayashi
    Oracle Text?? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? Oracle Text ????????????????? ????? Oracle Text ??Oracle Database ????????????????????? Oracle Text ????????????????·?????????????? ???Edition???????? - Oracle Database Enterprise Edition(EE) - Oracle Database Standard Edition(SE) - Oracle Database Standard Edition One - Oracle Database Express Edition(XE) ?????? Oracle ??????? Database Configuration Assistant(DBCA)?????????????Oracle Text ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????(?????)????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (1) ~ (4)???????????????????? (1) ????? Oracle Text???????(ctxsys)???????????????(????? SCOTT)???? CTXAPP?????????? SQL connect ctxsys/ SQL grant ctxapp to scott; (2) ???? ? ?????? SQL connect scott/tiger SQL create table test ( 2 id number primary key, 3 text varchar2(80) ); SQL insert into test ( id, text ) values ( 1, 'The cat sat on the mat' ); SQL insert into test ( id, text ) values ( 2, 'The dog barked like a dog' ); SQL insert into test ( id, text ) values ( 3, '??????????' ); SQL commit; (3) ???????(??) ??????????????????? ?????????: test_lexer ???????? JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER????????? SQL connect scott/tiger SQL execute ctx_ddl.create_preference('test_lexer','JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER'); ???? ???? OracleText???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????? - JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER:????2???????????????????? - JAPANESE_LEXER (Oracle Text 9.0.1???????):???????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (4) ????????? TEST?????????????????? SQL create index test_idx on test ( text ) 2 indextype is ctxsys.context 3 parameters ('lexer test_lexer'); (5) ????????? "??"?????????????????? SQL col text for a30 SQL select id, text from test 2 where contains ( text, '??') 0; ID TEXT ---------- ------------------------------ 3 ?????????? ¦???? ???????/???Oracle Text ?? ????????Oracle Text ????

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  • What are good design practices when working with Entity Framework

    - by AD
    This will apply mostly for an asp.net application where the data is not accessed via soa. Meaning that you get access to the objects loaded from the framework, not Transfer Objects, although some recommendation still apply. This is a community post, so please add to it as you see fit. Applies to: Entity Framework 1.0 shipped with Visual Studio 2008 sp1. Why pick EF in the first place? Considering it is a young technology with plenty of problems (see below), it may be a hard sell to get on the EF bandwagon for your project. However, it is the technology Microsoft is pushing (at the expense of Linq2Sql, which is a subset of EF). In addition, you may not be satisfied with NHibernate or other solutions out there. Whatever the reasons, there are people out there (including me) working with EF and life is not bad.make you think. EF and inheritance The first big subject is inheritance. EF does support mapping for inherited classes that are persisted in 2 ways: table per class and table the hierarchy. The modeling is easy and there are no programming issues with that part. (The following applies to table per class model as I don't have experience with table per hierarchy, which is, anyway, limited.) The real problem comes when you are trying to run queries that include one or many objects that are part of an inheritance tree: the generated sql is incredibly awful, takes a long time to get parsed by the EF and takes a long time to execute as well. This is a real show stopper. Enough that EF should probably not be used with inheritance or as little as possible. Here is an example of how bad it was. My EF model had ~30 classes, ~10 of which were part of an inheritance tree. On running a query to get one item from the Base class, something as simple as Base.Get(id), the generated SQL was over 50,000 characters. Then when you are trying to return some Associations, it degenerates even more, going as far as throwing SQL exceptions about not being able to query more than 256 tables at once. Ok, this is bad, EF concept is to allow you to create your object structure without (or with as little as possible) consideration on the actual database implementation of your table. It completely fails at this. So, recommendations? Avoid inheritance if you can, the performance will be so much better. Use it sparingly where you have to. In my opinion, this makes EF a glorified sql-generation tool for querying, but there are still advantages to using it. And ways to implement mechanism that are similar to inheritance. Bypassing inheritance with Interfaces First thing to know with trying to get some kind of inheritance going with EF is that you cannot assign a non-EF-modeled class a base class. Don't even try it, it will get overwritten by the modeler. So what to do? You can use interfaces to enforce that classes implement some functionality. For example here is a IEntity interface that allow you to define Associations between EF entities where you don't know at design time what the type of the entity would be. public enum EntityTypes{ Unknown = -1, Dog = 0, Cat } public interface IEntity { int EntityID { get; } string Name { get; } Type EntityType { get; } } public partial class Dog : IEntity { // implement EntityID and Name which could actually be fields // from your EF model Type EntityType{ get{ return EntityTypes.Dog; } } } Using this IEntity, you can then work with undefined associations in other classes // lets take a class that you defined in your model. // that class has a mapping to the columns: PetID, PetType public partial class Person { public IEntity GetPet() { return IEntityController.Get(PetID,PetType); } } which makes use of some extension functions: public class IEntityController { static public IEntity Get(int id, EntityTypes type) { switch (type) { case EntityTypes.Dog: return Dog.Get(id); case EntityTypes.Cat: return Cat.Get(id); default: throw new Exception("Invalid EntityType"); } } } Not as neat as having plain inheritance, particularly considering you have to store the PetType in an extra database field, but considering the performance gains, I would not look back. It also cannot model one-to-many, many-to-many relationship, but with creative uses of 'Union' it could be made to work. Finally, it creates the side effet of loading data in a property/function of the object, which you need to be careful about. Using a clear naming convention like GetXYZ() helps in that regards. Compiled Queries Entity Framework performance is not as good as direct database access with ADO (obviously) or Linq2SQL. There are ways to improve it however, one of which is compiling your queries. The performance of a compiled query is similar to Linq2Sql. What is a compiled query? It is simply a query for which you tell the framework to keep the parsed tree in memory so it doesn't need to be regenerated the next time you run it. So the next run, you will save the time it takes to parse the tree. Do not discount that as it is a very costly operation that gets even worse with more complex queries. There are 2 ways to compile a query: creating an ObjectQuery with EntitySQL and using CompiledQuery.Compile() function. (Note that by using an EntityDataSource in your page, you will in fact be using ObjectQuery with EntitySQL, so that gets compiled and cached). An aside here in case you don't know what EntitySQL is. It is a string-based way of writing queries against the EF. Here is an example: "select value dog from Entities.DogSet as dog where dog.ID = @ID". The syntax is pretty similar to SQL syntax. You can also do pretty complex object manipulation, which is well explained [here][1]. Ok, so here is how to do it using ObjectQuery< string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); The first time you run this query, the framework will generate the expression tree and keep it in memory. So the next time it gets executed, you will save on that costly step. In that example EnablePlanCaching = true, which is unnecessary since that is the default option. The other way to compile a query for later use is the CompiledQuery.Compile method. This uses a delegate: static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => ctx.DogSet.FirstOrDefault(it => it.ID == id)); or using linq static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); to call the query: query_GetDog.Invoke( YourContext, id ); The advantage of CompiledQuery is that the syntax of your query is checked at compile time, where as EntitySQL is not. However, there are other consideration... Includes Lets say you want to have the data for the dog owner to be returned by the query to avoid making 2 calls to the database. Easy to do, right? EntitySQL string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)).Include("Owner"); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); CompiledQuery static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include("Owner") where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); Now, what if you want to have the Include parametrized? What I mean is that you want to have a single Get() function that is called from different pages that care about different relationships for the dog. One cares about the Owner, another about his FavoriteFood, another about his FavotireToy and so on. Basicly, you want to tell the query which associations to load. It is easy to do with EntitySQL public Dog Get(int id, string include) { string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)) .IncludeMany(include); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); } The include simply uses the passed string. Easy enough. Note that it is possible to improve on the Include(string) function (that accepts only a single path) with an IncludeMany(string) that will let you pass a string of comma-separated associations to load. Look further in the extension section for this function. If we try to do it with CompiledQuery however, we run into numerous problems: The obvious static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, Dog>((ctx, id, include) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include(include) where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); will choke when called with: query_GetDog.Invoke( YourContext, id, "Owner,FavoriteFood" ); Because, as mentionned above, Include() only wants to see a single path in the string and here we are giving it 2: "Owner" and "FavoriteFood" (which is not to be confused with "Owner.FavoriteFood"!). Then, let's use IncludeMany(), which is an extension function static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, Dog>((ctx, id, include) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.IncludeMany(include) where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); Wrong again, this time it is because the EF cannot parse IncludeMany because it is not part of the functions that is recognizes: it is an extension. Ok, so you want to pass an arbitrary number of paths to your function and Includes() only takes a single one. What to do? You could decide that you will never ever need more than, say 20 Includes, and pass each separated strings in a struct to CompiledQuery. But now the query looks like this: from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include(include1).Include(include2).Include(include3) .Include(include4).Include(include5).Include(include6) .[...].Include(include19).Include(include20) where dog.ID == id select dog which is awful as well. Ok, then, but wait a minute. Can't we return an ObjectQuery< with CompiledQuery? Then set the includes on that? Well, that what I would have thought so as well: static readonly Func<Entities, int, ObjectQuery<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, ObjectQuery<Dog>>((ctx, id) => (ObjectQuery<Dog>)(from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog)); public Dog GetDog( int id, string include ) { ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = query_GetDog(id); oQuery = oQuery.IncludeMany(include); return oQuery.FirstOrDefault; } That should have worked, except that when you call IncludeMany (or Include, Where, OrderBy...) you invalidate the cached compiled query because it is an entirely new one now! So, the expression tree needs to be reparsed and you get that performance hit again. So what is the solution? You simply cannot use CompiledQueries with parametrized Includes. Use EntitySQL instead. This doesn't mean that there aren't uses for CompiledQueries. It is great for localized queries that will always be called in the same context. Ideally CompiledQuery should always be used because the syntax is checked at compile time, but due to limitation, that's not possible. An example of use would be: you may want to have a page that queries which two dogs have the same favorite food, which is a bit narrow for a BusinessLayer function, so you put it in your page and know exactly what type of includes are required. Passing more than 3 parameters to a CompiledQuery Func is limited to 5 parameters, of which the last one is the return type and the first one is your Entities object from the model. So that leaves you with 3 parameters. A pitance, but it can be improved on very easily. public struct MyParams { public string param1; public int param2; public DateTime param3; } static readonly Func<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, myParams) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == myParams.param2 && dog.Name == myParams.param1 and dog.BirthDate > myParams.param3 select dog); public List<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string Name, DateTime birthDate ) { MyParams myParams = new MyParams(); myParams.param1 = name; myParams.param2 = age; myParams.param3 = birthDate; return query_GetDog(YourContext,myParams).ToList(); } Return Types (this does not apply to EntitySQL queries as they aren't compiled at the same time during execution as the CompiledQuery method) Working with Linq, you usually don't force the execution of the query until the very last moment, in case some other functions downstream wants to change the query in some way: static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, age, name) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == age && dog.Name == name select dog); public IEnumerable<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string name ) { return query_GetDog(YourContext,age,name); } public void DataBindStuff() { IEnumerable<Dog> dogs = GetSomeDogs(4,"Bud"); // but I want the dogs ordered by BirthDate gridView.DataSource = dogs.OrderBy( it => it.BirthDate ); } What is going to happen here? By still playing with the original ObjectQuery (that is the actual return type of the Linq statement, which implements IEnumerable), it will invalidate the compiled query and be force to re-parse. So, the rule of thumb is to return a List< of objects instead. static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, age, name) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == age && dog.Name == name select dog); public List<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string name ) { return query_GetDog(YourContext,age,name).ToList(); //<== change here } public void DataBindStuff() { List<Dog> dogs = GetSomeDogs(4,"Bud"); // but I want the dogs ordered by BirthDate gridView.DataSource = dogs.OrderBy( it => it.BirthDate ); } When you call ToList(), the query gets executed as per the compiled query and then, later, the OrderBy is executed against the objects in memory. It may be a little bit slower, but I'm not even sure. One sure thing is that you have no worries about mis-handling the ObjectQuery and invalidating the compiled query plan. Once again, that is not a blanket statement. ToList() is a defensive programming trick, but if you have a valid reason not to use ToList(), go ahead. There are many cases in which you would want to refine the query before executing it. Performance What is the performance impact of compiling a query? It can actually be fairly large. A rule of thumb is that compiling and caching the query for reuse takes at least double the time of simply executing it without caching. For complex queries (read inherirante), I have seen upwards to 10 seconds. So, the first time a pre-compiled query gets called, you get a performance hit. After that first hit, performance is noticeably better than the same non-pre-compiled query. Practically the same as Linq2Sql When you load a page with pre-compiled queries the first time you will get a hit. It will load in maybe 5-15 seconds (obviously more than one pre-compiled queries will end up being called), while subsequent loads will take less than 300ms. Dramatic difference, and it is up to you to decide if it is ok for your first user to take a hit or you want a script to call your pages to force a compilation of the queries. Can this query be cached? { Dog dog = from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog; } No, ad-hoc Linq queries are not cached and you will incur the cost of generating the tree every single time you call it. Parametrized Queries Most search capabilities involve heavily parametrized queries. There are even libraries available that will let you build a parametrized query out of lamba expressions. The problem is that you cannot use pre-compiled queries with those. One way around that is to map out all the possible criteria in the query and flag which one you want to use: public struct MyParams { public string name; public bool checkName; public int age; public bool checkAge; } static readonly Func<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, myParams) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where (myParams.checkAge == true && dog.Age == myParams.age) && (myParams.checkName == true && dog.Name == myParams.name ) select dog); protected List<Dog> GetSomeDogs() { MyParams myParams = new MyParams(); myParams.name = "Bud"; myParams.checkName = true; myParams.age = 0; myParams.checkAge = false; return query_GetDog(YourContext,myParams).ToList(); } The advantage here is that you get all the benifits of a pre-compiled quert. The disadvantages are that you most likely will end up with a where clause that is pretty difficult to maintain, that you will incur a bigger penalty for pre-compiling the query and that each query you run is not as efficient as it could be (particularly with joins thrown in). Another way is to build an EntitySQL query piece by piece, like we all did with SQL. protected List<Dod> GetSomeDogs( string name, int age) { string query = "select value dog from Entities.DogSet where 1 = 1 "; if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) query = query + " and dog.Name == @Name "; if( age > 0 ) query = query + " and dog.Age == @Age "; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>( query, YourContext ); if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "Name", name ) ); if( age > 0 ) oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "Age", age ) ); return oQuery.ToList(); } Here the problems are: - there is no syntax checking during compilation - each different combination of parameters generate a different query which will need to be pre-compiled when it is first run. In this case, there are only 4 different possible queries (no params, age-only, name-only and both params), but you can see that there can be way more with a normal world search. - Noone likes to concatenate strings! Another option is to query a large subset of the data and then narrow it down in memory. This is particularly useful if you are working with a definite subset of the data, like all the dogs in a city. You know there are a lot but you also know there aren't that many... so your CityDog search page can load all the dogs for the city in memory, which is a single pre-compiled query and then refine the results protected List<Dod> GetSomeDogs( string name, int age, string city) { string query = "select value dog from Entities.DogSet where dog.Owner.Address.City == @City "; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>( query, YourContext ); oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "City", city ) ); List<Dog> dogs = oQuery.ToList(); if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) dogs = dogs.Where( it => it.Name == name ); if( age > 0 ) dogs = dogs.Where( it => it.Age == age ); return dogs; } It is particularly useful when you start displaying all the data then allow for filtering. Problems: - Could lead to serious data transfer if you are not careful about your subset. - You can only filter on the data that you returned. It means that if you don't return the Dog.Owner association, you will not be able to filter on the Dog.Owner.Name So what is the best solution? There isn't any. You need to pick the solution that works best for you and your problem: - Use lambda-based query building when you don't care about pre-compiling your queries. - Use fully-defined pre-compiled Linq query when your object structure is not too complex. - Use EntitySQL/string concatenation when the structure could be complex and when the possible number of different resulting queries are small (which means fewer pre-compilation hits). - Use in-memory filtering when you are working with a smallish subset of the data or when you had to fetch all of the data on the data at first anyway (if the performance is fine with all the data, then filtering in memory will not cause any time to be spent in the db). Singleton access The best way to deal with your context and entities accross all your pages is to use the singleton pattern: public sealed class YourContext { private const string instanceKey = "On3GoModelKey"; YourContext(){} public static YourEntities Instance { get { HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current; if( context == null ) return Nested.instance; if (context.Items[instanceKey] == null) { On3GoEntities entity = new On3GoEntities(); context.Items[instanceKey] = entity; } return (YourEntities)context.Items[instanceKey]; } } class Nested { // Explicit static constructor to tell C# compiler // not to mark type as beforefieldinit static Nested() { } internal static readonly YourEntities instance = new YourEntities(); } } NoTracking, is it worth it? When executing a query, you can tell the framework to track the objects it will return or not. What does it mean? With tracking enabled (the default option), the framework will track what is going on with the object (has it been modified? Created? Deleted?) and will also link objects together, when further queries are made from the database, which is what is of interest here. For example, lets assume that Dog with ID == 2 has an owner which ID == 10. Dog dog = (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog).FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; Person owner = (from o in YourContext.PersonSet where o.ID == 10 select dog).FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == true; If we were to do the same with no tracking, the result would be different. ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>) (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Dog dog = oDogQuery.FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; ObjectQuery<Person> oPersonQuery = (ObjectQuery<Person>) (from o in YourContext.PersonSet where o.ID == 10 select o); oPersonQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Owner owner = oPersonQuery.FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; Tracking is very useful and in a perfect world without performance issue, it would always be on. But in this world, there is a price for it, in terms of performance. So, should you use NoTracking to speed things up? It depends on what you are planning to use the data for. Is there any chance that the data your query with NoTracking can be used to make update/insert/delete in the database? If so, don't use NoTracking because associations are not tracked and will causes exceptions to be thrown. In a page where there are absolutly no updates to the database, you can use NoTracking. Mixing tracking and NoTracking is possible, but it requires you to be extra careful with updates/inserts/deletes. The problem is that if you mix then you risk having the framework trying to Attach() a NoTracking object to the context where another copy of the same object exist with tracking on. Basicly, what I am saying is that Dog dog1 = (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2).FirstOrDefault(); ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>) (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Dog dog2 = oDogQuery.FirstOrDefault(); dog1 and dog2 are 2 different objects, one tracked and one not. Using the detached object in an update/insert will force an Attach() that will say "Wait a minute, I do already have an object here with the same database key. Fail". And when you Attach() one object, all of its hierarchy gets attached as well, causing problems everywhere. Be extra careful. How much faster is it with NoTracking It depends on the queries. Some are much more succeptible to tracking than other. I don't have a fast an easy rule for it, but it helps. So I should use NoTracking everywhere then? Not exactly. There are some advantages to tracking object. The first one is that the object is cached, so subsequent call for that object will not hit the database. That cache is only valid for the lifetime of the YourEntities object, which, if you use the singleton code above, is the same as the page lifetime. One page request == one YourEntity object. So for multiple calls for the same object, it will load only once per page request. (Other caching mechanism could extend that). What happens when you are using NoTracking and try to load the same object multiple times? The database will be queried each time, so there is an impact there. How often do/should you call for the same object during a single page request? As little as possible of course, but it does happens. Also remember the piece above about having the associations connected automatically for your? You don't have that with NoTracking, so if you load your data in multiple batches, you will not have a link to between them: ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>)(from dog in YourContext.DogSet select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; List<Dog> dogs = oDogQuery.ToList(); ObjectQuery<Person> oPersonQuery = (ObjectQuery<Person>)(from o in YourContext.PersonSet select o); oPersonQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; List<Person> owners = oPersonQuery.ToList(); In this case, no dog will have its .Owner property set. Some things to keep in mind when you are trying to optimize the performance. No lazy loading, what am I to do? This can be seen as a blessing in disguise. Of course it is annoying to load everything manually. However, it decreases the number of calls to the db and forces you to think about when you should load data. The more you can load in one database call the better. That was always true, but it is enforced now with this 'feature' of EF. Of course, you can call if( !ObjectReference.IsLoaded ) ObjectReference.Load(); if you want to, but a better practice is to force the framework to load the objects you know you will need in one shot. This is where the discussion about parametrized Includes begins to make sense. Lets say you have you Dog object public class Dog { public Dog Get(int id) { return YourContext.DogSet.FirstOrDefault(it => it.ID == id ); } } This is the type of function you work with all the time. It gets called from all over the place and once you have that Dog object, you will do very different things to it in different functions. First, it should be pre-compiled, because you will call that very often. Second, each different pages will want to have access to a different subset of the Dog data. Some will want the Owner, some the FavoriteToy, etc. Of course, you could call Load() for each reference you need anytime you need one. But that will generate a call to the database each time. Bad idea. So instead, each page will ask for the data it wants to see when it first request for the Dog object: static public Dog Get(int id) { return GetDog(entity,"");} static public Dog Get(int id, string includePath) { string query = "select value o " + " from YourEntities.DogSet as o " +

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  • yum not working on EC2 Red Hat instance: Cannot retrieve repository metadata

    - by adev3
    For some reason yum has stopped working in my Amazon EC2 instance, located in the EU West sector. There seems to be something wrong with the path of the repo metadata, is this correct? I would be very grateful for any help, as my experience in this field is somewhat limited. Thank you very much. cat /etc/redhat-release: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.2 (Santiago) yum repolist: Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb, security https://rhui2-cds01.eu-west-1.aws.ce.redhat.com/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. https://rhui2-cds02.eu-west-1.aws.ce.redhat.com/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. repo id repo name status rhui-eu-west-1-client-config-server-6 Red Hat Update Infrastructure 2.0 Client Configuration Server 6 0 rhui-eu-west-1-rhel-server-releases Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 (RPMs) 0 rhui-eu-west-1-rhel-server-releases-optional Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 Optional (RPMs) 0 repolist: 0 yum update: (I needed to remove the base URLs below because of ServerFault's restrictions for new users) Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb, security [same as base url 1 above]/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. [same as base url 2 above]/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: rhui-eu-west-1-client-config-server-6. Please verify its path and try again

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  • How can I solve http_port 3129 intercept with squid?

    - by wmoreno3
    My system: uname -a FreeBSD server.local.jmorenov.com.co 9.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE #0 r243825: Tue Dec 4 09:23:10 UTC 2012 [email protected]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 pkg info | grep squid squid-3.2.7 HTTP Caching Proxy I have this configuration in squid.conf: http_port 3128 accel vhost allow-direct # OK http_port 3129 intercept # Does not work icp_port 0 When I tried with: http_port 3129 intercept By switch line on ipnat.rules. In access log appears: 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| IPF (IPFilter) NAT open failed: (13) Permission denied 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| BUG #3329: Orphan Comm::Connection: local=127.0.0.1:3129 remote=192.168.1.129:51595 FD 24 flags=33 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| NOTE: 1 Orphans since last started. /var/log/squid/cache.log 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Squid plugin modules loaded: 0 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Accepting reverse-proxy HTTP Socket connections at local=127.0.0.1:3128 remote=[::] FD 33 flags=9 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Accepting NAT intercepted HTTP Socket connections at local=127.0.0.1:3129 remote=[::] FD 34 flags=41 My /etc/ipnat.rules: root@server:/root # cat /etc/ipnat.rules # em0 = External NIC # bge0 = Internal NIC map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 proxy port ftp ftp/tcp map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp auto map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 # Redirect direct web traffic to local web server. rdr em0 192.168.0.3/32 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80 tcp rdr bge0 192.168.1.3/32 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80 tcp # Redirect everything else to squid on port 3128 or 3129 intercept rdr em0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3128 tcp rdr bge0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3128 tcp #rdr em0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3129 tcp #rdr bge0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3129 tcp With 3128 is OK, but with 3129, Does not work, when switch in ipnat.rules.

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  • error reading keytab file krb5.keytab

    - by Banjer
    I've noticed these kerberos keytab error messages on both SLES 11.2 and CentOS 6.3: sshd[31442]: pam_krb5[31442]: error reading keytab 'FILE: / etc/ krb5. keytab' /etc/krb5.keytab does not exist on our hosts, and from what I understand of the keytab file, we don't need it. Per this kerberos keytab introduction: A keytab is a file containing pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys (these are derived from the Kerberos password). You can use this file to log into Kerberos without being prompted for a password. The most common personal use of keytab files is to allow scripts to authenticate to Kerberos without human interaction, or store a password in a plaintext file. This sounds like something we do not need and is perhaps better security-wise to not have it. How can I keep this error from popping up in our system logs? Here is my krb5.conf if its useful: banjer@myhost:~> cat /etc/krb5.conf # This file managed by Puppet # [libdefaults] default_tkt_enctypes = RC4-HMAC DES-CBC-MD5 DES-CBC-CRC default_tgs_enctypes = RC4-HMAC DES-CBC-MD5 DES-CBC-CRC preferred_enctypes = RC4-HMAC DES-CBC-MD5 DES-CBC-CRC default_realm = FOO.EXAMPLE.COM dns_lookup_kdc = true clockskew = 300 [logging] default = SYSLOG:NOTICE:DAEMON kdc = FILE:/var/log/kdc.log kadmind = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log [appdefaults] pam = { ticket_lifetime = 1d renew_lifetime = 1d forwardable = true proxiable = false retain_after_close = false minimum_uid = 0 debug = false banner = "Enter your current" } Let me know if you need to see any other configs. Thanks. EDIT This message shows up in /var/log/secure whenever a non-root user logs in via SSH or the console. It seems to only occur with password-based authentication. If I do a key-based ssh to a server, I don't see the error. If I log in with root, I do not see the error. Our Linux servers authenticate against Active Directory, so its a hearty mix of PAM, samba, kerberos, and winbind that is used to authenticate a user.

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  • How to avoid lftp Certificate verification error?

    - by pattulus
    I'm trying to get my Pelican blog working. It uses lftp to transfer the actual blog to ones server, but I always get an error: mirror: Fatal error: Certificate verification: subjectAltName does not match ‘blogname.com’ I think lftp is checking the SSL and the quick setup of Pelican just forgot to include that I don't have SSL on my FTP. This is the code in Pelican's Makefile: ftp_upload: $(OUTPUTDIR)/index.html lftp ftp://$(FTP_USER)@$(FTP_HOST) -e "mirror -R $(OUTPUTDIR) $(FTP_TARGET_DIR) ; quit" which renders in terminal as: lftp ftp://[email protected] -e "mirror -R /Volumes/HD/Users/me/Test/output /myblog_directory ; quit" What I managed so far is, denying the SSL check by changing the Makefile to: lftp ftp://$(FTP_USER)@$(FTP_HOST) -e "set ftp:ssl-allow no" "mirror -R $(OUTPUTDIR) $(FTP_TARGET_DIR) ; quit" Due to my incorrect implementation I get logged in correctly (lftp [email protected]:~>) but the one line feature doesn't work anymore and I have to enter the mirror command by hand: mirror -R /Volumes/HD/Users/me/Test/output/ /myblog_directory This works without an error and timeout. The question is how to do this with a one liner. In addition I tried: set ssl:verify-certificate/ftp.myblog.com no This trick to disable certificate verification in lftp: $ cat ~/.lftp/rc set ssl:verify-certificate no However, it seems there is no "rc" folder in my lftp directory - so this prompt has no chance to work.

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  • php-fpm: very high server load

    - by Derp Derpington
    Since today my webserver (nginx + php-fpm + mysql on a VPS) is very slow. htop says: 1 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Tasks: 63 total, 13 running 2 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Load average: 11.67 10.95 6.95 3 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Uptime: 00:18:40 4 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] 5 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] 6 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Mem[||||||||||| 137/1280MB] Swp[ 0/0MB] PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 6802 www 20 0 76232 12320 5716 R 27.0 0.9 0:06.48 php-fpm: pool www 7048 www 20 0 75200 12136 5700 R 52.0 0.9 0:03.64 php-fpm: pool www 6699 www 20 0 74176 11124 5700 R 27.0 0.8 0:07.36 php-fpm: pool www 7029 www 20 0 73668 10380 5676 R 42.0 0.8 0:03.52 php-fpm: pool www 6995 www 20 0 76228 12456 5644 R 42.0 1.0 0:03.98 php-fpm: pool www 6858 www 20 0 74172 10684 5620 R 35.0 0.8 0:05.52 php-fpm: pool www 6998 www 20 0 75200 12072 5620 R 37.0 0.9 0:03.95 php-fpm: pool www 7098 www 20 0 75200 12052 5616 R 42.0 0.9 0:02.33 php-fpm: pool www 7093 www 20 0 76228 12496 5612 R 37.0 1.0 0:03.02 php-fpm: pool www 7226 www 20 0 74692 11080 5588 R 32.0 0.8 0:00.66 php-fpm: pool www CPU: (cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model) model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz I think a load of 10 and 100% cpu usage is not normal... How can i fix that?

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  • How to reset Bash on Mac OSX, .bash_profile corrupted and bash no longer works

    - by user1463172
    I am on a MacBook Pro, running the latest version of Mountain Lion. I really need some help, I have managed some how to damage my .bash_profile (I think) so that every time I open up the terminal I get the error listed below. -bash: export: `/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/go/bin': not a valid identifier -bash: export: `/Users/rob/Applications/sbt/bin:': not a valid identifier env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory -bash: tar: command not found -bash: grep: command not found -bash: cat: command not found -bash: find: command not found I am not sure what has happened, I have no sudo, cd or any normal commands. The only way I have been able to get to any of the main directories is through the go to folder command in finder and try to find the file to no avail. To top it all off I think I created a file that might be causing the issue, I wanted to edit the .bash_profile so I typed sudo nano ./bash_profile This open a new file in nano which I think was then saved. After this I opened the real .bash_profile to add in the path for node.js. If I can get to the .bash_profile I think I can get it back on track but I can't find it, should I reinstall bash? If so how would I do that on a mac, I tried using brew install bash to which I get -bash: brew: command not found I am really stuck if anyone can help I would be really appreciated. Many thanks

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  • mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (null), can't find any log information

    - by Mark0978
    Two ubuntu servers: 10.0.8.2 is the client, 192.168.20.58 is the server. Between the 2 machines, Ping works, ssh works (in both directions). From 10.0.8.2 showmount -e 192.168.20.58 Export list for 192.168.20.58: /imr/nfsshares/foobar 10.0.8.2 mount.nfs 192.168.20.58:/imr/nfsshares/foobar /var/data/foobar -v mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (null) Found several things online, tried them all and still can't find any log information anywhere. On the server: [email protected]:/var/log# cat /etc/hosts.allow sendmail: all ALL: 10.0.8.2 /etc/hosts.deny is all comments How can I get a trail of log statements to figure this out? What does it take to get some logging so I have some idea of WHY it won't mount? On the server: [email protected]# nmap -sR RPC 192.168.20.58 Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-07-04 21:16 CDT Failed to resolve given hostname/IP: RPC. Note that you can't use '/mask' AND '1-4,7,100-' style IP ranges Nmap scan report for 192.168.20.58 Host is up (0.0000060s latency). Not shown: 988 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open unknown 80/tcp open unknown 111/tcp open unknown 139/tcp open unknown 445/tcp open unknown 902/tcp open unknown 2049/tcp open unknown 3000/tcp open unknown 5666/tcp open unknown 8009/tcp open unknown 8222/tcp open unknown 8333/tcp open unknown Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.81 seconds From the client: [email protected]:~$ nmap -sR RPC 192.168.20.58 Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-07-04 22:14 EDT Failed to resolve given hostname/IP: RPC. Note that you can't use '/mask' AND '1-4,7,100-' style IP ranges Nmap scan report for 192.168.20.58 Host is up (0.73s latency). Not shown: 988 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open unknown 80/tcp open unknown 111/tcp open rpcbind (rpcbind V2) 2 (rpc #100000) 139/tcp open unknown 445/tcp open unknown 902/tcp open unknown 2049/tcp open nfs (nfs V2-4) 2-4 (rpc #100003) 3000/tcp open unknown 5666/tcp open unknown 8009/tcp open unknown 8222/tcp open unknown 8333/tcp open unknown Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 191.56 seconds

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  • Launching a PHP daemon from an LSB init script w/ start-stop-daemon

    - by EvanK
    I'm writing an lsb init script (admittedly something I've never done from scratch) that launches a php script that daemonizes itself. The php script starts off like so: #!/usr/bin/env php <?php /* do some stuff */ It's then started like so in the init script: # first line is args to start-stop-daemon, second line is args to php-script start-stop-daemon --start --exec /path/to/executable/php-script.php \ -- --daemon --pid-file=$PIDFILE --other-php-script-args The --daemon flag causes the php script to detach & run as a daemon itself, rather than relying on start-stop-daemon to detach it. This is how it's (trying to) stop it in the init script: start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --exec /path/to/executable/php-script.php \ --pidfile $PIDFILE The problem is, when I try to stop via the init script, it gives me this: $ sudo /etc/init.d/my-lsb-init-script stop * Stopping My Project No /path/to/executable/php-script.php found running; none killed. ...done. A quick peek at ps tells me that, even though the php script itself is executable, its running as php <script> rather than the script name itself, which is keeping start-stop-daemon from seeing it. The PID file is even being generated, but it seems to ignore it and try to find+kill by process name instead. $ ps ax | grep '/path/to/executable/php-script.php' 2505 pts/1 S 0:01 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2507 pts/1 S 0:00 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2508 pts/1 S 0:00 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2509 pts/1 S 0:00 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2518 pts/1 S 0:01 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args $ cat /var/run/blah/blah.pid 2518 Am I completely misunderstanding something here? Or is there an easy way to work around this?

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  • Restarting Haproxy Gracefully

    - by Anand Gupta
    As per various blogs, HAproxy can be gracefully restarted using the following command: sudo haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid -sf $(cat /var/run/haproxy.pid) TO verify this, I had set up a apache bench script which contiguously sent message to haproxy. Ideally, whenever I restarted my server the script should not have an affect on the apache bunch execiton. But, it seems that whenever Haproxy is restarted apache bench scripts terminate and the connection to load balancer is lost. Here is the details of my HaProxy configuration file : global nbproc 4 log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice #log loghost local0 info maxconn 4096 #chroot /usr/share/haproxy user haproxy group haproxy daemon pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid stats socket /home/ubuntu/haproxy.sock #debug #quiet defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 listen webstats bind 0.0.0.0:1000 stats enable mode http stats uri /lb?stats stats auth anand:aaaaaaaa #stats refresh listen web-farm 0.0.0.0:80 mode http balance roundrobin option httpchk HEAD /index.php HTTP/1.0 server server2.com 1.1.1.1:80 server serve1.com 1.1.1.2:80 ~ Please let me know what am I missing here.

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  • Postfix: LDAP not working (warning: dict_ldap_lookup: Search base not found: 32: No such object)

    - by Heinzi
    I set up LDAP access with postfix. ldapsearch -D "cn=postfix,ou=users,ou=system,[domain]" -w postfix -b "ou=users,ou=people,[domain]" -s sub "(&(objectclass=inetOrgPerson)(mail=[mailaddr]))" delivers the correct entry. The LDAP config file looks like root@server2:/etc/postfix/ldap# cat mailbox_maps.cf server_host = localhost search_base = ou=users,ou=people,[domain] scope = sub bind = yes bind_dn = cn=postfix,ou=users,ou=system,[domain] bind_pw = postfix query_filter = (&(objectclass=inetOrgPerson)(mail=%s)) result_attribute = uid debug_level = 2 The bind_dn and bind_pw should be the same as I used above with ldapsearch. Nevertheless, calling postmap doesn't work: root@server2:/etc/postfix/ldap# postmap -q [mailaddr] ldap:/etc/postfix/ldap/mailbox_maps.cf postmap: warning: dict_ldap_lookup: /etc/postfix/ldap/mailbox_maps.cf: Search base 'ou=users,ou=people,[domain]' not found: 32: No such object If I change LDAP configuration, so that anonymous users have complete access to LDAP olcAccess: {-1}to * by * read then it works: root@server2:/etc/postfix/ldap# postmap -q [mailaddr] ldap:/etc/postfix/ldap/mailbox_maps.cf [user-id] But when I restrict this access to the postfix user: olcAccess: {-1}to * by dn="cn=postfix,ou=users,ou=system,[domain]" read by * break it doesn't work but produces the error printed above (although ldapsearch works, only postmap doesn't). Why doesn't it work when binding with a postfix DN? I think I set up the LDAP ACL for the postfix user correctly, as the ldapsearch command should prove. What can be the reason for this behaviour?

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  • Building Awesome WM

    - by Dragan Chupacabrovic
    Hello, I am following these steps in order to build Awesome window manager on 10.04 I am building 3.4 while the tutorial is for 3.1 I installed all of the specified dependencies including cairo. EDIT I ran: sudo apt-get install libxcb-xtest0-dev libxcb-property1-dev libxdg-basedir-dev libstartup-notification0-dev and now it looks like I'm missing a library Please advise: >awesome-3.4$ make Running cmake… -- cat -> /bin/cat -- ln -> /bin/ln -- grep -> /bin/grep -- git -> /usr/bin/git -- hostname -> /bin/hostname -- gperf -> /usr/bin/gperf -- asciidoc -> /usr/bin/asciidoc -- xmlto -> /usr/bin/xmlto -- gzip -> /bin/gzip -- lua -> /usr/bin/lua -- luadoc -> /usr/bin/luadoc -- convert -> /usr/bin/convert -- Configuring lib/naughty.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/tooltip.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/init.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/titlebar.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/key.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/mouse/init.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/mouse/finder.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/autofocus.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/screen.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/rules.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/init.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/taglist.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/graph.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/tasklist.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/common.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/prompt.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/launcher.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/button.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/layoutbox.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/layout/init.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/layout/vertical.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/layout/horizontal.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/layout/default.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/progressbar.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/widget/textclock.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/dbus.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/remote.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/client.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/prompt.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/completion.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/tag.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/util.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/button.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/menu.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/hooks.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/wibox.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/init.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/init.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/floating.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/fair.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/spiral.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/magnifier.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/tile.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/layout/suit/max.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/placement.lua -- Configuring lib/awful/startup_notification.lua -- Configuring lib/beautiful.lua -- Configuring themes/zenburn//theme.lua -- Configuring themes/default//theme.lua -- Configuring themes/sky//theme.lua -- Configuring config.h -- Configuring awesomerc.lua -- Configuring awesome-version-internal.h -- Configuring awesome.doxygen -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/.build-vedroid-i486-linux-gnu-4.4.3 Running make Makefile… Building… [ 4%] Built target generated_sources [ 5%] Building C object CMakeFiles/awesome.dir/awesome.c.o In file included from /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/spawn.h:25, from /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:33: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/globalconf.h:57: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘xcb_event_handlers_t’ In file included from /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:34: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/client.h: In function ‘client_stack’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/client.h:212: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘client_need_stack_refresh’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/client.h: In function ‘client_raise’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/client.h:227: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘stack’ In file included from /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:42: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/titlebar.h: In function ‘titlebar_update_geometry’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/titlebar.h:150: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘L’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/titlebar.h:151: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘L’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/titlebar.h:152: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘L’ In file included from /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:47: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/common/xutil.h: In function ‘xutil_get_text_property_from_reply’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/common/xutil.h:39: warning: ‘STRING’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/local/include/xcb/xcb_atom.h:83) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/common/xutil.h: At top level: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/common/xutil.h:60: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c: In function ‘awesome_atexit’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:65: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘hooks’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:66: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘L’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:66: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘hooks’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:68: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘L’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:73: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘embedded’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:76: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘embedded’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:77: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘embedded’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘clients’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘clients’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘clients’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: warning: type defaults to ‘int’ in declaration of ‘c’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘clients’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘clients’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:89: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘clients’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:91: error: invalid type argument of ‘unary *’ (have ‘int’) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:92: error: invalid type argument of ‘unary *’ (have ‘int’) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:96: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘L’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c: In function ‘a_xcb_check_cb’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:223: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘xcb_event_handle’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:223: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:230: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c: In function ‘awesome_restart’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:277: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘argv’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c: In function ‘xerror’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:305: error: ‘XCB_EVENT_ERROR_BAD_WINDOW’ undeclared (first use in this function) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:305: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:305: error: for each function it appears in.) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:306: error: ‘XCB_EVENT_ERROR_BAD_MATCH’ undeclared (first use in this function) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:308: error: ‘XCB_EVENT_ERROR_BAD_VALUE’ undeclared (first use in this function) /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c: In function ‘main’: /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:369: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘keygrabber’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:370: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘mousegrabber’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:376: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘argv’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:377: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘argv’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:381: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘argv’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:382: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘argv’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:424: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:425: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘timer’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:425: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘timer’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:425: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘timer’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:425: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘timer’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:425: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘timer’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:425: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘timer’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:431: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:432: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:433: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:434: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:435: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:436: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:443: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘default_screen’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:450: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘have_xtest’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:462: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:464: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:465: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:467: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:468: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:471: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘xcb_event_handlers_init’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:471: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:472: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘xutil_error_handler_catch_all_set’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:472: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:490: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘xcb_event_poll_for_event_loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:490: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:493: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:496: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘keysyms’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:507: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘colors’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:510: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘colors’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:513: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘font’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:519: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘keysyms’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:519: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘numlockmask’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:520: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘shiftlockmask’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:520: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘capslockmask’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:521: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘modeswitchmask’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:563: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘evenths’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:572: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:575: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:576: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:577: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:578: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:579: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ /home/druden/util/awesome-3.4/awesome.c:580: error: ‘awesome_t’ has no member named ‘loop’ make[3]: *** [CMakeFiles/awesome.dir/awesome.c.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/awesome.dir/all] Error 2 make[1]: *** [all] Error 2 make: *** [cmake-build] Error 2

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  • swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

    - by Marco
    I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happes: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this? TIA, Marco

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  • swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

    - by Marco
    I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only Firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happens: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this?

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  • postfix sasl "cannot connect to saslauthd server: No such file or directory"

    - by innotune
    I try to setup postfix with smtp authentication. I want to use /etc/shadow as my realm Unfortunately I get a "generic error" when i try to authenticate # nc localhost 25 220 mail.foo ESMTP Postfix AUTH PLAIN _base_64_encoded_user_name_and_password_ 535 5.7.8 Error: authentication failed: generic failure In the mail.warn logfile i get the following entry Oct 8 10:43:40 mail postfix/smtpd[1060]: warning: SASL authentication failure: cannot connect to saslauthd server: No such file or directory Oct 8 10:43:40 mail postfix/smtpd[1060]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Oct 8 10:43:40 mail postfix/smtpd[1060]: warning: _ip_: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: generic failure However the sasl setup seems to be fine $ testsaslauthd -u _user_ -p _pass_ 0: OK "Success." i added smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes to the main.cf This is my smtpd.conf $ cat /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN saslauthd_path: /var/run/saslauthd/mux autotransition:true I tried this conf with the last two commands and without. I'm running debian stable. How can postfix find and connect to the saslauthd server? Edit: I'm not sure whether postfix runs in a chroot The master.cf looks like this: http://pastebin.com/Fz38TcUP saslauth is located in the sbin $ which saslauthd /usr/sbin/saslauthd The EHLO has this response EHLO _server_name_ 250-_server_name_ 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN

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  • "Could not claim interface on camera: -6" when trying to connect usb camera (Kinect)

    - by rzetterberg
    I have installed the freenect library from openkinect.org. With that library there is a demo application which you can run from the terminal to test out the Kinect. However when I run this command I get the following output: richard@behemoth:~$ sudo freenect-glview Kinect camera test Number of devices found: 1 Could not claim interface on camera: -6 Could not open device This particular error is thrown by the library libusb by the function libusb_claim_interface and the error -6 corresponds to the LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY. So my guess is that it has something to do with mounting the usb, rather than specifically the freenect library or the Kinect itself. So my question is how can I find out what resource is using this interface and how can I free it so that I can access it? Edit: What I have tried so far (just to be sure): Rebooted Plugged-out, plugged-in Tried different usb ports Restarted udev Additional information that might be useful: /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=1c73f217-ac8d-451b-8390-7a680628a856 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=bb49bd29-07ec-45a0-bbab-46fb8362b06b none swap sw 0 0 sudo uname -r: Linux behemoth 3.0.0-14-generic-pae #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 22:07:10 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=11.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=oneiric DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.10"

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  • How to set shmall, shmmax, shmni, etc ... in general and for postgresql

    - by jpic
    I've used the documentation from PostgreSQL to set it for example this config: >>> cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 16345480 kB MemFree: 1770128 kB Buffers: 382184 kB Cached: 10432632 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 9228324 kB Inactive: 4621264 kB Active(anon): 7019996 kB Inactive(anon): 548528 kB Active(file): 2208328 kB Inactive(file): 4072736 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 3432 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 3034588 kB Mapped: 4243720 kB Shmem: 4533752 kB Slab: 481728 kB SReclaimable: 440712 kB SUnreclaim: 41016 kB KernelStack: 1776 kB PageTables: 39208 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 8172740 kB Committed_AS: 14935216 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 399340 kB VmallocChunk: 34359334908 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 456704 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 12288 kB DirectMap2M: 16680960 kB >>> ipcs -l ------ Shared Memory Limits -------- max number of segments = 4096 max seg size (kbytes) = 4316816 max total shared memory (kbytes) = 4316816 min seg size (bytes) = 1 ------ Semaphore Limits -------- max number of arrays = 128 max semaphores per array = 250 max semaphores system wide = 32000 max ops per semop call = 32 semaphore max value = 32767 ------ Messages Limits -------- max queues system wide = 31918 max size of message (bytes) = 8192 default max size of queue (bytes) = 16384 sysctl.conf extract: kernel.shmall = 1079204 kernel.shmmax = 4420419584 postgresql.conf non defaults: max_connections = 60 # (change requires restart) shared_buffers = 4GB # min 128kB work_mem = 4MB # min 64kB wal_sync_method = open_sync # the default is the first option checkpoint_segments = 16 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0 effective_cache_size = 6GB Is this appropriate ? If not (or not necessarily), in which case would it be appropriate ? We did note nice performance improvements with this config, how would you improve it ? How should kernel memory management parameters be set ? Can anybody explain how to really set them from the ground up ?

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  • Error when reloading supervisord: unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock no such file

    - by Yarin
    I'm running supervisord on my CentOS 6 box like so, /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf and when I launch supervisorctl all process status are fine, but if I try to reload using supervisorctl I get unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock no such file I'm using the same config file I've used successfully on other boxes, and im running everything as root. I can't undesrtand what the problem is... Config file: ; Sample supervisor config file. [unix_http_server] file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; (the path to the socket file) ;chmod=0700 ; socket file mode (default 0700) ;chown=nobody:nogroup ; socket file uid:gid owner ;username=user ; (default is no username (open server)) ;password=123 ; (default is no password (open server)) ;[inet_http_server] ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default ;port=127.0.0.1:9001 ; (ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface) ;username=user ; (default is no username (open server)) ;password=123 ; (default is no password (open server)) [supervisord] logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log) logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB) logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10) loglevel=info ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace) pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid) nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false) minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024) minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200) ;umask=022 ; (process file creation umask;default 022) ;user=chrism ; (default is current user, required if root) ;identifier=supervisor ; (supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor') ;directory=/tmp ; (default is not to cd during start) ;nocleanup=true ; (don't clean up tempfiles at start;default false) ;childlogdir=/tmp ; ('AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP) ;environment=KEY=value ; (key value pairs to add to environment) ;strip_ansi=false ; (strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false) ; the below section must remain in the config file for RPC ; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces may be ; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections [rpcinterface:supervisor] supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface [supervisorctl] serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket ;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket ;username=chris ; should be same as http_username if set ;password=123 ; should be same as http_password if set ;prompt=mysupervisor ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor") ;history_file=~/.sc_history ; use readline history if available ; The below sample program section shows all possible program subsection values, ; create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under ; supervisor. ;[program:foo] ;command=/bin/cat [program:embed_scheduler] command=/opt/web-apps/mywebsite/custom_process.py process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)d numprocs=3 ;[program:theprogramname] ;command=/bin/cat ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args) ;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s) ;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1) ;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd) ;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None) ;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999) ;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true) ;autorestart=unexpected ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected) ;startsecs=1 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1) ;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures (default 3) ;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2) ;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM) ;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10) ;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false) ;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program ;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false) ;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10) ;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0) ;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false) ;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stderr_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10) ;stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0) ;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false) ;environment=A=1,B=2 ; process environment additions (def no adds) ;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils) ; The below sample eventlistener section shows all possible ; eventlistener subsection values, create one or more 'real' ; eventlistener: sections to be able to handle event notifications ; sent by supervisor. ;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername] ;command=/bin/eventlistener ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args) ;process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s) ;numprocs=1 ; number of processes copies to start (def 1) ;events=EVENT ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd) ;buffer_size=10 ; event buffer queue size (default 10) ;directory=/tmp ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd) ;umask=022 ; umask for process (default None) ;priority=-1 ; the relative start priority (default -1) ;autostart=true ; start at supervisord start (default: true) ;autorestart=unexpected ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected) ;startsecs=1 ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1) ;startretries=3 ; max # of serial start failures (default 3) ;exitcodes=0,2 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2) ;stopsignal=QUIT ; signal used to kill process (default TERM) ;stopwaitsecs=10 ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10) ;killasgroup=false ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false) ;user=chrism ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program ;redirect_stderr=true ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false) ;stdout_logfile=/a/path ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10) ;stdout_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stdout writes (default false) ;stderr_logfile=/a/path ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB) ;stderr_logfile_backups ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10) ;stderr_events_enabled=false ; emit events on stderr writes (default false) ;environment=A=1,B=2 ; process environment additions ;serverurl=AUTO ; override serverurl computation (childutils) ; The below sample group section shows all possible group values, ; create one or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous" ; process groups. ;[group:thegroupname] ;programs=progname1,progname2 ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions ;priority=999 ; the relative start priority (default 999) ; The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting. This ; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or ; newlines). It can also contain wildcards. The filenames are ; interpreted as relative to this file. Included files *cannot* ; include files themselves. ;[include] ;files = relative/directory/*.ini

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  • installing SVN - CentOS - cannot find -lexpat

    - by furnace
    Hey guys, I'm trying to install SVN on CentOS 5. Unfortunately a simple yum install isn't going to work (afaik) because I'm using the DirectAdmin control panel. When it comes to running 'make' I get this error: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lexpat I'm new to installing things without yum (!) so am a bit lost. Do you have any advice on how to get past this hurdle? Just to give a little more context to the error; /apache -I/usr/include/apache -I/etc/svn-install/subversion-1.6.2/sqlite-amalgamation -o subversion/svn/util.o -c subversion/svn/util.c cd subversion/svn && /bin/sh /etc/svn-install/subversion-1.6.2/libtool --tag=CC --silent --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -g -O2 -pthread -rpath /usr/lib -o svn add-cmd.o blame-cmd.o cat-cmd.o changelist-cmd.o checkout-cmd.o cleanup-cmd.o commit-cmd.o conflict-callbacks.o copy-cmd.o delete-cmd.o diff-cmd.o export-cmd.o help-cmd.o import-cmd.o info-cmd.o list-cmd.o lock-cmd.o log-cmd.o main.o merge-cmd.o mergeinfo-cmd.o mkdir-cmd.o move-cmd.o notify.o propdel-cmd.o propedit-cmd.o propget-cmd.o proplist-cmd.o props.o propset-cmd.o resolve-cmd.o resolved-cmd.o revert-cmd.o status-cmd.o status.o switch-cmd.o tree-conflicts.o unlock-cmd.o update-cmd.o util.o ../../subversion/libsvn_client/libsvn_client-1.la ../../subversion/libsvn_wc/libsvn_wc-1.la ../../subversion/libsvn_ra/libsvn_ra-1.la ../../subversion/libsvn_delta/libsvn_delta-1.la ../../subversion/libsvn_diff/libsvn_diff-1.la ../../subversion/libsvn_subr/libsvn_subr-1.la /etc/httpd/lib/libaprutil-1.la -lexpat /etc/httpd/lib/libapr-1.la -luuid -lrt -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lexpat collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [subversion/svn/svn] Error 1 Thanks!

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  • apache vhost not working consistently

    - by petrus
    I have a vhost on my webserver whose sole and unique goal is to return the client IP adress: petrus@bzn:~$ cat /home/vhosts/domain.org/index.php <?php echo $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; echo "\n" ?> This helps me troubleshoot networking issues, especially when NAT is involved. As such, I don't always have domain name resolution and this service needs to work even if queried by its IP address. I'm using it this way: petrus@hive:~$ echo "GET /" | nc 88.191.124.41 80 191.51.4.55 petrus@hive:~$ echo "GET /" | nc domain.org 80 191.51.4.55 router#more http://88.191.124.41/index.php 88.191.124.254 However I found that it wasn't working from at least a computer: petrus@seth:~$ echo "GET /" | nc domain.org 80 petrus@seth:~$ petrus@seth:~$ echo "GET /" | nc 88.191.124.41 80 petrus@seth:~$ What I checked: This is not related to ipv6: petrus@seth:~$ echo "GET /" | nc -4 ydct.org 80 petrus@seth:~$ petrus@hive:~$ echo "GET /" | nc ydct.org 80 2a01:e35:ee8c:180:21c:77ff:fe30:9e36 netcat version is the same (except platform, i386 vs x64): petrus@seth:~$ type nc nc est haché (/bin/nc) petrus@seth:~$ file /bin/nc /bin/nc: symbolic link to `/etc/alternatives/nc' petrus@seth:~$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/nc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2010-06-26 14:01 /etc/alternatives/nc -> /bin/nc.openbsd petrus@hive:~$ type nc nc est haché (/bin/nc) petrus@hive:~$ file /bin/nc /bin/nc: symbolic link to `/etc/alternatives/nc' petrus@hive:~$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/nc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2011-05-26 01:23 /etc/alternatives/nc -> /bin/nc.openbsd It works when used without the pipe: petrus@seth:~$ nc domain.org 80 GET / 2a01:e35:ee8c:180:221:85ff:fe96:e485 And the piping works at least with a test service (netcat listening on 1234/tcp and output to stdout) petrus@bzn:~$ nc -l -p 1234 GET / petrus@bzn:~$ petrus@seth:~$ echo "GET /" | nc domain.org 1234 petrus@seth:~$ I don't know if this issue is more related to netcat or Apache, but I'd appreciate any pointers to troubleshoot this issue ! The IP addresses have been modified but kept consistent for easy reading. bzn is the server, hive is a working client and seth is the client on which I have the issue.

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  • NFS: Server says "authenticated mount request", but client sees "access denied"

    - by zigdon
    I have two machine, an NFS server (RHEL) and a client (Debian). The server has NFS set up, exporting a particular directory: server:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/rpcinfo -p localhost program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 910 status 100024 1 tcp 913 status 100021 1 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100007 2 udp 830 ypbind 100007 1 udp 830 ypbind 100007 2 tcp 833 ypbind 100007 1 tcp 833 ypbind 100011 1 udp 999 rquotad 100011 2 udp 999 rquotad 100011 1 tcp 1002 rquotad 100011 2 tcp 1002 rquotad 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100005 1 udp 1013 mountd 100005 1 tcp 1016 mountd 100005 2 udp 1013 mountd 100005 2 tcp 1016 mountd 100005 3 udp 1013 mountd 100005 3 tcp 1016 mountd server$ cat /etc/exports /dir *.my.domain.com(ro) client$ grep dir /etc/fstab server.my.domain.com:/dir /dir nfs tcp,soft,bg,noauto,ro 0 0 All seems well, but when I try to mount, I see the following: client$ sudo mount /dir mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting server.my.domain.com:/dir And on the server I see: server$ tail /var/log/messages Mar 15 13:46:23 server mountd[413]: authenticated mount request from client.my.domain.com:723 for /dir (/dir) What am I missing here? How should I be debugging this?

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  • How does SELinux affect the /home directory?

    - by Matt Solnit
    Hi everyone. I'm migrating a CentOS 5.3 system from MySQL to PostgreSQL. The way our machine is set up is that the biggest disk partition is mounted to /home. This is out of my control and is managed by the hosting provider. Anyway, we obviously want the database files to be on /home for this reason. With MySQL, we did the following: Edited my.cnf and changed the datadir setting to /home/mysql Added a new "File type" policy record (I hope I'm using the right terminology) to set /home/mysql(/.*)? to mysqld_db_t Ran restorecon -R /home/mysql to assign the labels and everything was good. With PostgreSQL, however, I did the following: Edited /etc/init.d/postgresql and changed the PGDATA and PGLOG variables to /home/pgsql/data and /home/pgsql/pgstartup.log, respectively Added a new policy record to set /home/pgsql/pgstartup.log to postgresql_log_t Added a new policy record to set /home/pgsql/data(/.*)? to postgresql_db_t Ran restorecon -R /home/pgsql to assign the labels At this point, I still cannot start PostgreSQL. pgstartup.log says: # cat pgstartup.log postmaster cannot access the server configuration file "/home/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf": Permission denied The weird thing is that I don't see any messages related to this in /var/log/messages or /var/log/secure, but if I turn off SElinux, then everything works. I made sure all the permissions are correct (600 for files and 700 for directories), as well as the ownership (postgres:postgres). Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong? I'm using the Yum repository from commandprompt.com, version 8.3.7. EDIT: The reason my question specifically mentions the /home directory is that if I go through all these steps for any other directory, e.g. /var/lib/pgsql2 or /usr/local/pgsql, then it works as expected.

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