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  • Slow manipulation of netfilter rules

    - by Ole Martin Eide
    I have a script maintaining gre tunnels and firewall rules using the "ip" and "iptables" tools. Setting up hundreds of tunnels, and adresses per interface runs just fine. Takes less than 0.1 second per interface, however when I get around to do the firewall rules everything slows down spending 0.5 per insertion. Why is it running so slow? What can I do to improve the speed? It seems like I could try ipset instead, but I really feel there is something wrong with the kernel or something. The interesting thing is that the first 10 rules runs fast, then it slows down.. mybox(root) foo# iptables -V iptables v1.3.5 mybox(root) foo# uname -a Linux foo 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:48 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux mybox(root) foo# cat test.sh #!/bin/sh for n in {1..100} do /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -s ${n} -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -D OUTPUT -s ${n} -j ACCEPT done mybox(root) foo# time ./test.sh real 1m38.839s user 0m0.100s sys 1m38.724s Appriciate any help. Cheers!

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  • How to calibrate ASUS k52f battery on Ubuntu?

    - by cutalion
    I'm not sure if the problem is in software or my battery is dying, I'll move my question to another forum if it's not a SO question I have a problem with the battery on my laptop - ASUS K52F. It shows incorrect information about capacity. When I unplug the charger it can work some time, but then it will power off without any warnings. Sometimes it will power off right after I unplug the charger. Here is some info I could get: > uname -a Linux alligator 3.5.0-18-generic #29-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 19 10:26:51 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux > acpi -i Battery 0: Charging, 99%, 18:25:15 until charged Battery 0: design capacity 5235 mAh, last full capacity 69964 mAh = 100% > cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/uevent POWER_SUPPLY_NAME=BAT0 POWER_SUPPLY_STATUS=Charging POWER_SUPPLY_PRESENT=1 POWER_SUPPLY_TECHNOLOGY=Li-ion POWER_SUPPLY_CYCLE_COUNT=0 POWER_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_MIN_DESIGN=10800000 POWER_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_NOW=9246000 POWER_SUPPLY_POWER_NOW=176000 POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_FULL_DESIGN=**48400000** POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_FULL=**646822000** POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_NOW=**643588000** POWER_SUPPLY_MODEL_NAME=K52F-44 POWER_SUPPLY_MANUFACTURER=ASUSTek POWER_SUPPLY_SERIAL_NUMBER= I noticed, that POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_NOW and POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_FULL are greater than POWER_SUPPLY_ENERGY_FULL_DESIGN. I don't think it's ok :) I can run any additional commands.

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  • How do I connect to SSH without the password to be requested every time ? - Already follow some answers here but it doesn't work

    - by MEM
    MAC OS X Lion 10.7.3 1) On host, I've created an authorized_keys file inside .ssh folder, by doing: touch authorized_keys 2) I've copy my public ssh key into host .ssh folder by doing: scp ~/.ssh/mykey.pub [email protected]:/home/userhost/.ssh/mykey.pub 3) I've place it's contents inside authorized files by doing: cat mykey.pub >> authorized_keys 4) Then I've removed the mykey.pub file: rm mykey.pub 5) On my terminal, locally, inside my ~/.ssh folder I made: ssh-add mykey (notice that it is without the pub extension); 6) I've closed and opened again the terminal. When I first connect to this host, it has being added to the *known_hosts* file inside ~/.ssh; I've pico known_hosts and the hash is there. Still, every time I connect by doing: ssh [email protected] it requests a password ! What am I missing here ? UPDATE: I've done EVEN TWO MORE THINGS here: 7) Set your key to be the default identity - if it doesn't exist, create; touch ~/.ssh/config and place inside the following line: IdentityFile ~/.ssh/yourkeyname *id_rsa is normally your default key. You should switched to your key. This tells that the outgoing ssh connections should use this as a default identity.* 8) Add a bash process to your ssh-agent: ssh-agent bash ssh-add ~/.ssh/yourkeyname Lisinge answer helped but it's not definitive. If we restart our machine, the password gets prompted again!!! How can we debug this? What can we do here? How can we check where is this process failing ? UPDATE 2: If I use: ssh -v -i <keyfile> [email protected] I get among other things: OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 Warning: Identity file yourkeyname not accessible: No such file or directory. This message refers to what? The identify file is not accessible on the localhost, or it's not accessible on the remote host ? Please advice

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  • Package pinning in Debian lenny

    - by bronto
    I need your advice as I don't know if I hit a bug, or I am misunderstanding something. On a Debian Lenny, I am trying to prevent the installation of two particular packages, when they are requested as dependencies fromother packages. I am using the same syntax I successfully used in Squeeze, but with no success at all. On squeeze, the following works as expected: # cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/local-no-pike.pref Package: pike7.6-core Pin: version * Pin-Priority: -1000 If I try to install pike7.6, which depends on pike7.6-core, apt and aptitude refuse to do so. On Lenny, the only difference is that there is no support for "fragments" in /etc/apt/preferences.d, and all preferences must be in the /etc/apt/preferences file. But it's not working. E.g., if the file contains: Package: grub-common Pin: version * Pin-Priority: -1000 apt doesn't stop me from installing grub, which depends on grub-common. I used strace to see if the file is being read, and it is. I was suggested to use some Debug:: options, but they didn't help to pinpoint the problem either. I have google'd a lot with some combinations of "lenny" "prevent" "package" "installation" "pinning" and the like, but nothing nice came out. And of course I read man apt_preferences. What am I missing here?

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  • KVM and libvirt: How to configure a new disc device to an existing VM?

    - by initall
    I've got an Ubuntu 9.04 server running two VM's. In /etc/libvirt/qemu/machine1.xml two disk devices are defined like this: <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk0.qcow2'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk1.qcow2'/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/> </disk> I need more storage space in at least one of the devices and thought about adding a third hdc device by simply adding one with same style as above and re-organising my mount structure (The virtual sizes of the current qcow2 files are unfortunately limited.) My problem is that reloading libvirtd and restarting the VM do not result in a new visible device (checked with fdisk). I'm aware of extending an existing qcow2 file (converting to raw format, cat-ing/adding the new one, using smth. like gparted) - but only as a last resort. Hopefully it's something very simple I'm missing?

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  • Configure static IPv6 on Ubuntu

    - by Charles Offenbacher
    I'm trying to configure IPv6 on a dedicated Ubuntu server. My provider gave me a "/64" (whatever that is - I'm still confused) of IPv6 addresses. However, when I try to use them, I can't ping anything. What do I do? :( # ping6 ipv6.google.com PING ipv6.google.com(vx-in-x63.1e100.net) 56 data bytes From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=1 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=2 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8 icmp_seq=3 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable --- ipv6.google.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms # tracepath6 ipv6.google.com 1?: [LOCALHOST] 0.025ms pmtu 1500 1: fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8%eth0 2000.022ms !H Resume: pmtu 1500 # cat /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 64.***.***.*** netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 64.***.***.*** iface eth0 inet6 static pre-up modprobe ipv6 address 2607:F878:1:***::1 netmask 64 gateway 2607:F878:1:***(same as address)::1 # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:d1:fb:42:d8 inet addr:64.***.***.*** Bcast:64.***.***.*** Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fefb:42d8/64 Scope:Link inet6 addr: 2607:f878:1:***::1/64 Scope:Global UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:52451 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39729 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6817761 (6.8 MB) TX bytes:6153835 (6.1 MB) Interrupt:41 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:31714 (31.7 KB) TX bytes:31714 (31.7 KB)

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  • CentOS 6.5 x64 + Ajendi +nginx + php-fpm + mysql setup unable to load the PHP page

    - by Francis
    I'm using Ajendi to setup a PHP web server, I can load the PHP info page, when I try to load the PHP copy from other server, I get a blank page with this log appear on access log, I have no clue what was wrong and troubleshoot further, please advice. x.x.x.x - - [28/May/2014:10:08:37 -0400] "GET /index.php HTTP/1.1" 200 31 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:29.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/29.0" 2.6.32-431.1.2.0.1.el6.x86_64 cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) The vhost config AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED - DO NO EDIT! server { listen *:80; server_name test.com www.test.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; root /www; index index.html index.htm index.php; location ~ \.php$ { alias /www; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fcgi-php-fcgi-0.sock; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } }

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  • clocksource tsc unstable

    - by amorfis
    Ok, now I have real server fault ;) After some time from booting (about one minute) my server hangs. All I can do is hard reset. Then after restart in /var/log/kern.log I can find: Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 90.729598] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 90.731252] longhaul: Enabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.201461] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.201482] longhaul: Disabling ACPI C3 support. Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.204230] longhaul: Disabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.416133] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.416152] longhaul: Enabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.960048] Clocksource tsc unstable (delta = -105611479 ns) I found some resources on the net, and it said to change clocksource, or disable ACPI. I tried disabling ACPI but it didn't help (but I noticed there was longer time before hanging). I can't change clock to hpet, because my system doesn't have such one. Output of cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource: acpi_pm jiffies tsc My system is ubuntu server on VIA Epia hardware.

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  • Glassfish v3 failure when startup. "Cannot allocate memory "

    - by Shisoft
    It is clear in this Question Fail to start Glassfish 3.1: java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory But in my case,I have a 512M memory Ubuntu 10.04 vps.It seems that I don't need to change any configure.But when start the server,I got this exception VM failed to start: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/bin/java" (in directory "/home/glassfish/glassfish/domains/domain1/config"): java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory So,I set <jvm-options>-Xmx512</jvm-options> to <jvm-options>-Xmx400</jvm-options> The exception remains.What did I do something wrong? result of free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 512 43 468 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 43 468 Swap: 0 0 0 result of cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 146049: kmemsize 2670652 5385253 51200000 51200000 0 lockedpages 0 8 2048 2048 0 privvmpages 11134 134522 131200 262200 4 shmpages 648 1352 128000 128000 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numproc 12 73 500 500 0 physpages 6519 28162 0 200000000 0 vmguarpages 0 0 512000 512000 0 oomguarpages 6527 28169 512000 512000 0 numtcpsock 4 14 4096 4096 0 numflock 0 5 2048 2048 0 numpty 1 2 32 32 0 numsiginfo 0 3 1024 1024 0 tcpsndbuf 159600 265744 20480000 20480000 0 tcprcvbuf 65536 3590352 20480000 20480000 0 othersockbuf 44232 90640 20480000 20480000 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 12848 10240000 10240000 0 numothersock 22 31 2048 2048 0 dcachesize 0 0 10240000 10240000 0 numfile 1002 1474 50000 50000 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 24 24 2048 2048 0 Thanks

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  • Configuring postfix with Gmail

    - by MultiformeIngegno
    This is what I did.. sudo apt-get install postfix This is my /etc/postfix/main.cf: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=no smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache myhostname = tsXXX561.server.topcloud.it alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = loopback-only default_transport = smtp relay_transport = smtp inet_protocols = all # SASL Settings smtp_use_tls=yes smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem Then I created the file /etc/mailname with my hostname as content: tsXXX561.server.topcloud.it Then I created the file /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd: [smtp.gmail.com]:587 [email protected]:gmail_password Then sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl/passwd sudo cat /etc/ssl/certs/Thawte_Premium_Server_CA.pem | sudo tee -a /etc/postfix/cacert.pem service postfix restart Still sends nothing... I'm on Ubuntu Server 12.04.

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  • Can't access server sound card when vnc'd into ubuntu server

    - by Corey Kennedy
    I've set up my ubunutu 10 server with xfce, nxserver, and now tightvncserver so that I can control it remotely from my Windows 7 laptop. NX is working fine for remote access, but when I run (for example) exaile, no sound will be sent through the server's sound card. I installed tightvncserver and connected, but ran into the same problem. Exaile opens, sound isn't muted, I can see that sound cards are installed (via cat /proc/asound/cards), but I can't seem to get the remote sessions to access the server's sound card. Also, just to confirm that the sound card was working I hooked up a montior/keyboard to the server and opened a local xfce session. That worked fine. While I had the local session running, I was also able to open a remote session with NXClient and start exaile - which then successfully piped sound to the local card. After disconnecting the monitor/keyboard and moving the box back to its normal spot, though, I was not able to play sound via either an NX or VNC session. Does anyone have any suggestions? Surely it's possible to configure my remote sessions to pipe sound to the server's sound card, right? Or at least get xfce up and running without a monitor or keyboard but with access to the sound card so I can VNC into it? Thanks!

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  • Removing a device in "removed" state from Linux software RAID array

    - by Sahasranaman MS
    My workstation has two disks(/dev/sd[ab]), both with similar partitioning. /dev/sdb failed, and cat /proc/mdstat stopped showing the second sdb partition. I ran mdadm --fail and mdadm --remove for all partitions from the failed disk on the arrays that use them, although all such commands failed with mdadm: set device faulty failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device or address Then I hot swapped the failed disk, partitioned the new disk and added the partitions to the respective arrays. All arrays got rebuilt properly except one, because in /dev/md2, the failed disk doesn't seem to have been removed from the array properly. Because of this, the new partition keeps getting added as a spare to the partition, and its status remains degraded. Here's what mdadm --detail /dev/md2 shows: [root@ldmohanr ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 1.1 Creation Time : Tue Dec 27 22:55:14 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Used Dev Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Intent Bitmap : Internal Update Time : Fri Nov 23 14:59:56 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : ldmohanr.net:2 (local to host ldmohanr.net) UUID : 4483f95d:e485207a:b43c9af2:c37c6df1 Events : 5912611 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 18 - spare /dev/sdb2 To remove a disk, mdadm needs a device filename, which was /dev/sdb2 originally, but that no longer refers to device number 1. I need help with removing device number 1 with 'removed' status and making /dev/sdb2 active.

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  • FreeNAS pool configuration - RAID1 + other drives

    - by trnelson
    Simple questions, really. I found this answer with a similar setup, but not sure it answers my question. If it does, I'm curious why since the answer seems a bit unsure: ZFS Hard Drive Configuration in FreeNAS I'm building a server which will be used primarily for backup, plus some media streaming, possibly with Plex. I seem to understand most everything I need, but I'm still a bit confused on how pools work, and how to configure them for my scenario. I will have 2x 2TB WD Red drives, which I plan on using in a mirrored set up (RAID1). This would be for backup, and I'd also like to do offsite backup to my CrashPlan account from this array. I also have a few other drives: 1.5TB, 320GB, 250GB. I'm not sure exactly what to do with them yet, but looking for options. FreeNAS OS will be running from a 16GB USB Flash drive. Would it be wise to use the 1.5TB as a backup-backup, essentially as a mirror or perhaps for snapshots of the 2TB RAID1? I'm still learning about snapshots. Should the 2TB mirrored drives be in their own pool? Should the other drives be set up in their own pools as well, or should they be JBOD in a single pool? They may or may not get much use since the 2TB array is plenty for me. Does a dataset basically mimic the idea of a partition or a network share? In other words, I would map \SERVER\Share to X: on my laptop? Let's say I wanted to use the 250GB drive as an encrypted drive to store all of my cat pictures. Would it have to be in its own pool? If I use jails apps, should they go in the backup RAID1, or in another place? Thank you!

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  • Why is my cron daemon is being killed every few minutes?

    - by user113215
    As of about a week ago, my cron daemon refuses to stay running. I'm using Debian 6 x64 on an OpenVZ virtual machine. Running something like pgrep cron shows that the daemon isn't running. I start the service with service cron start or /etc/init.d/cron start and it launches, but it disappears from the running process list after a few minutes (varying anywhere between 1 - 30 minutes before the process is killed again). Using strace -f service cron start, I can see that the process is being killed for some reason: nanosleep({60, 0}, <unfinished ...> +++ killed by SIGKILL +++ There's nothing relevant in /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages, /var/log/auth.log, or /var/log/kern.log to explain why the the process is dying. The system has at least 800 MB of free memory, and cat /proc/loadavg returns 0.22 0.13 0.04 so resources shouldn't be the issue. With cron running, free -m reports: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1024 211 812 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 211 812 Swap: 0 0 0 I also tried removing and reinstalling the cron package using apt-get. Update: I initially thought the problem was a resource issues. I erased my entire VPS and started from a fresh Debian image. There is now nothing else running on the system, but even from a clean install my cron daemon is still being killed at random. What else should I check? How do I find out what's killing my crond?

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  • Backup data from RAID 1 disk out of its server

    - by Doomsday
    I'm facing with a pretty easy problem in my opinion. I've extracted a working disk from a RAID1 and I'm looking to copy only data (FS and RAID configuration doesn't matter) into another location (another FS). My problem is I'm not able to mount properly this disk into another linux. I've first looked the partition table : # fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1249535699 624767818+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 1249535700 1250017649 240975 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1250017650 1250258624 120487+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris I've understood I should use dmraid tools. Once installed : # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : md0 : inactive sdc1[1](S) 624767744 blocks unused devices: <none> And some other informations : # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 8f292f54:7e5aef72:7e5ab5fd:b348fd05 Creation Time : Mon Jun 2 03:39:41 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Array Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Tue Feb 7 22:34:59 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : a505b324 - correct Events : 15148 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 From here, I've tried to mount but I'm not comfortable with dmtools and how it's working. # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 mount: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member' # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/sdc1 mount: /dev/md0: can't read superblock I've seen some options to alter RAID array with mdadm but I only want to copy data on its filesystem before wiping them... Anyone has a clue ?

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  • Decrease in disk performance after partitioning and encryption, is this much of a drop normal?

    - by Biohazard
    I have a server that I only have remote access to. Earlier in the week I repartitioned the 2 disk raid as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt 363G 1.8G 343G 1% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 2.0G 140K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda5 461M 26M 412M 6% /boot /dev/sda7 179G 8.6G 162G 6% /data The raid consists of 2 x 300gb SAS 15k disks. Prior to the changes I made, it was being used as a single unencrypted root parition and hdparm -t /dev/sda was giving readings around 240mb/s, which I still get if I do it now: /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 730 MB in 3.00 seconds = 243.06 MB/sec Since the repartition and encryption, I get the following on the separate partitions: Unencrypted /dev/sda7: /dev/sda7: Timing buffered disk reads: 540 MB in 3.00 seconds = 179.78 MB/sec Unencrypted /dev/sda5: /dev/sda5: Timing buffered disk reads: 476 MB in 2.55 seconds = 186.86 MB/sec Encrypted /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: Timing buffered disk reads: 150 MB in 3.03 seconds = 49.54 MB/sec I expected a drop in performance on the encrypted partition, but not that much, but I didn't expect I would get a drop in performance on the other partitions at all. The other hardware in the server is: 2 x Quad Core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz and 4gb RAM $ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 32 Lun: 00 Vendor: DP Model: BACKPLANE Rev: 1.05 Type: Enclosure ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi0 Channel: 02 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: DELL Model: PERC 6/i Rev: 1.11 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: HL-DT-ST Model: CD-ROM GCR-8240N Rev: 1.10 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 I'm guessing this means the server has a PERC 6/i RAID controller? The encryption was done with default settings during debian 6 installation. I can't recall the exact specifics and am not sure how I go about finding them? Thanks

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  • OpenVPN bridge network from routed clients

    - by gphilip
    I have the following setup: subnet 1 - 10.0.1.0/24 with a machine used as NAT and also running an OpenVPN client subnet 2 - 192.168.1/24 with an OpenVPN server (the server in subnet 1 connect here) subnet 3 - 10.0.2.0/24 that uses the NAT machine (subnet 1) to access the internet, so all non-local traffic is routed there to the eth0 interface The OpenVPN client creates the tun0 interface and appropriate routing so that I can access machines from 192.168.1/24 [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... Connected to 192.168.1.186. Escape character is '^]'. [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.1 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 169.254.169.254 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 However, when I try the same from subnet 3, it can't reach that machine. [root@ip-10-0-2-61 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... I suspect that it's because subnet 3 is routed to eth0 on the NAT machine in subnet 1 and it cannot jump to tun0. What's the easiest way to resolve it? I don't want to use iptables. I can't change the routing from machines in subnet 1 because it's done in AWS and so it works only with specific interfaces. Also, the NAT machine gets its IP with DHCP and so bridging is a bit complicated. IP forwarding is set on the NAT machine [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1 Thank you!

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  • Strange IP address showing up with OS X ssh

    - by user50799
    I was futzing around with DTrace on Mac OS X and found the following script that prints out information about connections being established: $ cat script.d syscall::connect:entry { printf("execname: %s\n", execname); printf("pid: %d\n", pid); printf("sockfd: %d\n",arg0); socks = (struct sockaddr*)copyin(arg1, arg2); hport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[0]; lport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[1]; hport <<= 8; port = hport + lport; printf("Port number: %d\n", port); printf("IP address: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", socks->sa_data[2], socks->sa_data[3], socks->sa_data[4], socks->sa_data[5]); printf("======\n"); } I run it in one window: $ sudo dtrace -s ./script.d Then I ssh to another machine from another window. I get this output from my dtrace window: CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 3 Port number: 22 IP address: 192.168.0.207 ====== 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 5 Port number: 12148 IP address: 109.112.47.108 ====== ^C The first IP address I can explain (192.168.0.207), that's the machine I'm connecting to. But what's with the 109.112.47.108 machine? It doesn't show up in tcpdump nor netstat -an Is there something with my dtrace code or my understanding of how the connect system call works?

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  • How To Boot with "mem=1024m" Argument using GRUB - Ubuntu 10.04

    - by nicorellius
    I am still working on this question. This new one is a different question so I thought it would be good to post a new question. Is this the proper protocol or should I have just edited the other question? I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 with the kernel 2.6.32-22-generic on a Toshiba Satellite laptop. When I enter the GRUB menu (I have Ubuntu 9.10 installed as well), I can choose which kernel to boot. I use scroll down to the one I want and press "e" and I expect to be able to enter mem=1024m and force the kernel to use this much memory. But when I run cat /proc/meminfo or look in the process manager after booting wth this argument I still see all the RAM: ~2 GB. Am I using this boot argument incorrectly? The boot configuration (before I add anything) looks like this: insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,1) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 10270f21-1c42-494b-bd3f-813c23f6d\ 518 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-22-generic root=UUID=10270f21-1c42-494b-b\ d3f-813c23f6d518 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-22-generic The way I did this was that I added the mem=1024m after the last line and pressed Ctrl+x (Emacs save and boot the kernel) and the system booted. I tried adding mem=1024m to the end and the beginning of this list and it appeared to not change the RAM allocation.

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  • "Network is unreachable" When pinging google, can connect to internal computers on debian VM

    - by musher
    Similar to this SU question: "Network is unreachable" when attempting to ping google, but internal addresses work Actually, it's pretty much the same base issue. I went through that thread trying to find a solution, I changed my resolv.conf: before: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver [my gateway] nameserver [my gateway2] I changed it to: after: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 However, any time I reboot the computer the resolv.conf gets overwritten to the previous version (the 'before' above). The issues began after I installed virtualbox additions, X server and (specifically) LXDE: Cat of apt history.log: Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:42 Commandline: apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-dkms Install: x11-xkb-utils:amd64 (7.7+1, automatic), libxaw7:amd64 (1.0.12-2, automatic), xfonts-utils:$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:56 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:18:39 Commandline: apt-get install lxde Install: desktop-base:amd64 (7.0.3, automatic), libgoa-1.0-0b:amd64 (3.12.4-1, automatic), lxmenu-d$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:21:52 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:26:40 Commandline: apt-get upgrade Upgrade: libio-socket-ssl-perl:am ifconfig on the guest: root@Peridot:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:89:c9:20 og inet addr:172.31.2.102 Bcast:172.31.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe89:c920/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2281 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:266507 (260.2 KiB) TX bytes:120554 (117.7 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 B) TX bytes:240 (240.0 B) The adapter in VBox is a bridged adapter directly onto my ethernet connection; as are my other 2 VMs (which work) Other SU questions I've tried: "connect: Network is unreachable" in VirtualBox VM

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  • GRUB reporting wrong partition type

    - by plok
    It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • Adjust iptables

    - by madunix
    cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables: # Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d X.0.0.Y -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -s X.Y.Z.W --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -s M.M.M.M --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT I have the above following IPtables on my linux web server(Apache/MySQL), I want to have the following: Block any traffic from multiple IP's to my web server IP1:1.2.3.4.5, IP2:6.7.8.9 ..etc Limiting one host to 20 connections to 80 port, which should not affect non-malicious user, but would render slowloris unusable from one host. Limit MYSQL port 3306 access on my server only to the following IP range A.B.C.D/255.255.255.240 Block any ICMP traffic.

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  • Libvirt/KVM in NAT: can't access from host (and can't forward)

    - by SharkWipf
    I'm trying to set up a port forward to a KVM guest, managed through Libvirt on Debian 6. The VM is running in NAT, through the "default" network. This all runs fine, the VM has full internet connection. However, the host cannot reach the vm internally. Neither ping, nc nor nmap on the NAT network give any signs of the VM. Due to this, the normal iptables forwarding rules don't work either. $ cat /etc/debian_version 6.0.5 $ libvirtd --version libvirtd (libvirt) 0.9.11.3 $ kvm --version QEMU emulator version 1.0 (qemu-kvm-1.0+dfsg-11, Debian), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ifconfig: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:f1:6f:10 inet addr:x.x.x.x Bcast:x.x.x.x Mask:255.255.255.x inet6 addr: fe80::5604:a6ff:fef1:6f10/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:118902 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:142357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:13247173 (12.6 MiB) TX bytes:95163190 (90.7 MiB) Interrupt:28 Base address:0xe000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:230646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:230646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:204577107 (195.0 MiB) TX bytes:204577107 (195.0 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:e2:d2:60 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5050 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:961 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:666759 (651.1 KiB) TX bytes:400701 (391.3 KiB) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:e2:d2:60 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fee2:d260/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5050 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:125687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:739803 (722.4 KiB) TX bytes:6886609 (6.5 MiB)

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  • RAID degraded on Ubuntu server

    - by reano
    We're having a very weird issue at work. Our Ubuntu server has 6 drives, set up with RAID1 as follows: /dev/md0, consisting of: /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/md1, consisting of: /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/md2, consisting of: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/md3, consisting of: /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/md4, consisting of: /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 As you can see, md0, md1 and md2 all use the same 2 drives (split into 3 partitions). I also have to note that this is done via ubuntu software raid, not hardware raid. Today, the /md0 RAID1 array shows as degraded - it is missing the /dev/sdb1 drive. But since /dev/sdb1 is only a partition (and /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 are working fine), it's obviously not the drive that's gone AWOL, it seems the partition itself is missing. How is that even possible? And what could we do to fix it? My output of cat /proc/mdstat: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 24006528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 1441268544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 1464710976 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md3 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0] 2930133824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md4 : active raid1 sdf2[1] sde2[0] 2929939264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> FYI: I tried the following: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 But got this error: mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/sdb1 as 2: Invalid argument Output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 is: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Dec 29 17:09:45 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Used Dev Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 7 15:55:07 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : lia:0 (local to host lia) UUID : eb302d19:ff70c7bf:401d63af:ed042d59 Events : 26216 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 0 0 1 removed

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  • Port to use CentOS init.d functions

    - by jcalfee314
    What are good equivalent centos commands using functions in /etc/init.d/functions such as daemon to perform the following tasks? STARTCMD='start-stop-daemon --start --exec /usr/sbin/swapspace --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid -- -d -p' STOPCMD='start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid' It looks like daemon will work for the start command and killproc is used for the stop command. . /etc/init.d/functions pushd /usr/sbin daemon --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid /usr/sbin/swapspace . /etc/init.d/functions killproc -p $(cat /var/run/swapspace.pid) Would the --oknodo be needed in the CentOS env (the swap file is really only boot-time)? "oknodo - Return exit status 0 instead of 1 if no actions are (would be) taken." I don't see quiet in daemon or killproc, I can't imagine that it would matter though. The original start-stop-daemon for swapspace seems to have both -p and --pidfile (the same command). That must be an error. Did I miss anything? Any idea why daemon not create the pid file?

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