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• How to install Grub2 under several common scenarios

  - by Huckle

  I feel the community has long needed a clean guide on how to install Grub2 under a a few extremely common scenarios. I will accept answer as solved when it has one section per scenario and assumes nothing other than what is specified. Please add to the existing answer, wiki style, keeping to the original assumptions. Rules: 1. You cannot, at any point in the answer, invoke Ubiquity (the Ubuntu installer). 2. I strongly recommend not using any automatic boor-repair tools as they're not very educational Scenario 1: Non-booting Linux OS, No boot partition, Fix from Live CD Setup: /dev/sda1 is formatted ext* /dev/sda2 is formatted linux_swap /dev/sda1 doesn't boot because MBR is scrambled and /boot/* was erased Explain: How to boot to a Live CD / USB and restore Grub2 to the MBR and /boot of /dev/sda1 Scenario 2: Non-booting Linux OS, Boot partition, Fix from Live CD Setup: /dev/sda1 is formatted fat /dev/sda2 is formatted ext* /dev/sda3 is formatted linux_swap /dev/sda2 doesn't boot because the MBR is scrambled and /dev/sda1 was formatted Explain: How to boot to a Live CD / USB and restore Grub2 to the MBR and /dev/sda1 and then update the fstab on /dev/sda2 Scenario 3: Install on to thumb drive, Booting various OSes, From Linux OS Setup: /dev/sdb is removable media /dev/sdb1 is formatted fat /dev/sdb2 is formatted ext* /dev/sdb3 is formatted fat The MBR of /dev/sdb is otherwise not initialized You are executing from a Linux based OS installed on /dev/sda Explain: How to install Grub2 on to /dev/sdb1, mark /dev/sdb1 active, be able to chose between /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 on boot. Scenario 4: (Bonus) Install on to thumb drive, Booting ISO, From Linux OS Setup: /dev/sdb is removable media /dev/sdb1 is formatted fat /dev/sdb1 contains /iso/live.iso /dev/sdb2 is formatted ext* /dev/sdb3 is formatted fat The MBR of /dev/sdb is otherwise not initialized You are executing from a Linux based OS installed on /dev/sda Explain: How to install Grub2 on to /dev/sdb1, mark /dev/sdb1 active, be able to chose between /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdb3, and /iso/live.iso on boot.

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• Recover Ubuntu grub without LiveCD - Can't boot with Ubuntu LiveCD after install Windows

  - by Paulocoghi

  I installed Windows after installing Ubuntu. But Ubuntu is still intact in its partition. I'm trying to run the Ubuntu LiveCD to recover grub, but the LiveCD no longer works. It stops the boot process and does not load completely. I can not run Ubuntu in live mode to recover grub. Is there any way to recover the grub/grub2 without the LiveCD? Edit: [Important] I've downloaded a new Ubuntu 10.10 ISO. I also did the MD5 check. It's all right. Then, I recorded this .iso and still can not load the LiveCD to the end.

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• Windows 7 restarts PC when selected from GRUB Menu

  - by Dan Still

  I installed windows 7 on a RAID 5 (2@160GB SATA +1@160GB SATA for RAID 5) I then proceeded to install Ubuntu 11.10 using the Live CD and opted: "Install along side Windows 7 Option" Upon boot GRUB appears normally and I can select and run Ubuntu with no difficulties. When I select Windows 7 from GRUB the PC restarts and consequently goes back to GRUB. I have attempted to use the Windows 7 DVD to repair the installation but to no avail. The Wizard ran twice as it described it might, after the second attempt came back with an '...inability to repair...' error. I am sure there is an answer to this somewhere but I have yet to be able to find it. (2 weeks and countless attempts and searches before posting this question. Although I am happy to use Ubuntu alone my wife likes to watch Netflix and therein requires the Windows 7 installation. Any answers are appreciated and welcomed. Thanks in advance. Dan Still

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• How to "un-automount" external harddrive?

  - by Timon

  So I dualboot 12.10 and Win7. Both OSs are on the primary SSD while all commonly used data (documents, movies, music, profiles etc) is on a secondary NTFS-formatted HDD. Since I needed the NTFS drive to automatically mount in Ubuntu right at startup, I downloaded ntfs-config and set it to automount my NTFS drive. Problem is, I also accidentally told it to automount my external hard drive (which is also NTFS formatted). When booting up Ubuntu, it now checks for the presence of that drive every single time, which is getting annoying 'cause I don't always have it connected. I've tried un- and reinstalling ntfs-config, telling it to not automount the external HD, but to no avail. Any suggestions?

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• Difference between LiveCD, LiveUSB, full-install, and persistence?

  - by Jay

  I am currently running Ubuntu as a guest vm on a Win 7 host via VirtualBox, but I would like to have a portable version of Ubuntu when I am not using my laptop. I am unsure as to the difference between the following: 1)LiveCD with persistence; 2)LiveCD without persistence; 3)LiveUSB with persistence; 4)LiveUSB without persistence; 5)Full-install. I have a USB flash drive (32GB), and I also have empty DVDs lying around. I know that persistence means that data can be saved, but I am unsure as to which option to choose. What is the difference between a LiveUSB and a full-install on a USB thumbdrive and why would I want to pick one over the other? Thanks for any help.

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• Grub2 -- Dualboot Ubuntu LTS 12.04 and Windows 7 -- Detects two Windows 7 (loader) entries

  - by DarkIron112

  this is the first question I have ever asked the Ubuntu Community. :D I'm fairly new to Ubuntu, but I understand the basics and know how to navigate the Terminal. I also know how to ask for/research my problems before asking for/ help. I have scoured the internet high and low and learned much of how Grub2 works. But nothing has helped me to solve my problem. My problem is this: I have a computer that has three hard drives. It previously had Windows XP, but I upgraded to Windows 7. I also installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin). During my installation of Windows 7, there was a failure and I had to restart the installation. Afterwards, I installed Ubuntu. After some trouble removing all traces of the XP OS (Ubuntu auto-detected it, but not Windows 7) I got the two OSes working flawlessly. Or, almost. When booting up, Grub2 used to display Ubuntu, Ubuntu Recovery Mode, Other Versions of Linux, memtest, followed by "Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1" and "Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sdb1". I eventually removed Recovery Mode, Other Versions, and Memtest. Now, when I run: sudo update-grub I get this print-out: Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-26-generic Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sdb1 I would like to remove "Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1", as it is a broken entry that shouldn't exist, and must have been installed during my first Windows 7 attempt. I cannot find a Windows 7 entry in /etc/grub.d... And I don't know where to look. Here is a layout of my hard drives: /dev/sda1/ (1.82 TiB), NTFS ("Media") /dev/sdb1/ (100 Mib), NTFS ("System Reserved") /dev/sdb2/ (149 GiB), NTFS ("Windows 7") /dev/sdb3/ (149 GiB), Extended (" ") /dev/sdb4/ (145 GiB), ext4 (" ") /dev/sdb5/ (4 GiB), linux-swap (" ") /dev/sdc1/ (488.28 GiB), NTFS ("Downloads") /dev/sdc2/ (488.28 GiB), NTFS ("AltMedia") /dev/sdc3/ (886.45 GiB), NTFS ("Personal") unallocated (2.09 MiB), unallocated What I think has happened: Windows 7 installed first and badly. I installed it again. First, there was Windows XP to guide where the bootloader went to so it was put on /dev/sdb1/. But, the second time no such guide existed so the machine put another bootloader on /dev/sda1/. sda1, by the way, is the only partition on a 2TB drive. No boot record partition appears to exist according to gedit. I'm not sure where Grub2 is getting this information from. But, there it is. Is there anything somebody can do to help me? Or, is there any more information I should add? Thank you, community!

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• Ubuntu 11.10 running in windows 7 (wubi) AND on a separate partition

  - by Pareen

  I am in a very strange situation and need some help: I installed Ubuntu 11.10 through Wubi a while back so that I can use it alongside Windows 7. I was running out of space on my disk when trying to install applications. Without understanding how Wubi worked, I partitioned my C drive (creating a new 90 GB partition) in Windows, booted from the Ubuntu 11.10 install/live disk, and used the "something else" option to create a ext4 (setting the mount point to root) and swap space partitions (/sda5 and /sda6). After the install, my computer no longer boots with the previous Wubi menu and is now using the Linux grub. The options I have are /sda2, which boots Windows 7; /sda1, which doesn't do anything and reloads the same menu, and the run Linux options. So I now have Ubuntu running on a separate partition, as well as the original Wubi install. I want to delete the seperate partition and go back to running Ubuntu on Wubi...if I remove the partition will I need the Windows 7 disk to restore the boot loader? I dont have the Windows 7 disk on me so what is the best way to clean this up so I get rid of the seperate partition? -------------------------------------------------UPDATE----------------------------------------------------- ============================================================================================================ thank you so much for your response. Actually, it would be fantastic if I could migrate my Wubi install into the new partition because I had downloaded the AOSP on the Wubi install (as well as other files) and would love to preserve them. If i can do that and work on the new partition with the old files than that would be great, and I can worry about wiping out the partition completely later on i.e. when I have the windows disk or something. Can you tell me how to do this migration?? So when I select the /sda2, it loads up my Windows. If i click on the Linux, it loads up the newly install Linux (my files that were on the Wubi install aren't there) fine. If I click on the /sda1 (SYSTEM_DRIVE... this is what the Wubi was using to boot the menu that let me select Windows 7 or Ubuntu)... it fails and just reloads the original menu. Here is the link to my boot info script http://pastebin.com/dMrY0NL3

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• Converting world space coordinate to screen space coordinate and getting incorrect range of values

  - by user1423893

  I'm attempting to convert from world space coordinates to screen space coordinates. I have the following code to transform my object position Vector3 screenSpacePoint = Vector3.Transform(object.WorldPosition, camera.ViewProjectionMatrix); The value does not appear to be in screen space coordinates and is not limited to a [-1, 1] range. What step have I missed out in the conversion process? EDIT: Projection Matrix Perspective(game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio, nearClipPlaneZ, farClipPlaneZ); private void Perspective(float aspect_Ratio, float z_NearClipPlane, float z_FarClipPlane) { nearClipPlaneZ = z_NearClipPlane; farClipPlaneZ = z_FarClipPlane; float yZoom = 1f / (float)Math.Tan(fov * 0.5f); float xZoom = yZoom / aspect_Ratio; matrix_Projection.M11 = xZoom; matrix_Projection.M12 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M13 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M14 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M21 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M22 = yZoom; matrix_Projection.M23 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M24 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M31 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M32 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M33 = z_FarClipPlane / (nearClipPlaneZ - farClipPlaneZ); matrix_Projection.M34 = -1f; matrix_Projection.M41 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M42 = 0f; matrix_Projection.M43 = (nearClipPlaneZ * farClipPlaneZ) / (nearClipPlaneZ - farClipPlaneZ); matrix_Projection.M44 = 0f; } View Matrix // Make our view matrix Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ref orientation, out matrix_View); matrix_View.M41 = -Vector3.Dot(Right, position); matrix_View.M42 = -Vector3.Dot(Up, position); matrix_View.M43 = Vector3.Dot(Forward, position); matrix_View.M44 = 1f; // Create the combined view-projection matrix Matrix.Multiply(ref matrix_View, ref matrix_Projection, out matrix_ViewProj); // Update the bounding frustum boundingFrustum.SetMatrix(matrix_ViewProj);

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• MIT vs. BSD vs. Dual License

  - by ryanve

  My understanding is that: MIT-licensed projects can be used/redistributed in BSD-licensed projects. BSD-licensed projects can be used/redistributed in MIT-licensed projects. The MIT and the BSD 2-clause licenses are essentially identical. BSD 3-clause = BSD 2-clause + the "no endorsement" clause Issuing a dual license allows users to choose from those licenses—not be bound to both. If all of the above is correct, then what is the point of using a dual MIT/BSD license? Even if the BSD refers to the 3-clause version, then can't a user legally choose to only abide by the MIT license? It seems that if you really want the "no endorsement" clause to apply then you have to license it as just BSD (not dual). If you don't care about the "no endorsement" clause, then MIT alone is sufficient and MIT/BSD is redundant. Similarly, since the MIT and BSD licenses are both "GPL-compatible" and can be redistributed in GPL-licensed projects, then dual licensing MIT/GPL also seems redundant.

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• How to Skip the Start Screen and Boot to the Desktop in Windows 8.1

  - by Mark Wilson

  For almost everyone who made the upgrade, Windows 8 proved to be something of a disappointment for one reason or another. Windows 8.1 (or Windows Blue) was released to address many of the issues users had complained about including reintroducing the ability to boot straight to the desktop. Being able to boot to the desktop rather than the Start screen is something that people have been clammering for ever since the first preview versions of Windows 8 were unveiled. There have been various third-party tools released as numerous workarounds used to get around the problem, but now it is an option that is built directly into the operating system. You’ll need to have downloaded and installed the update in order to proceed, but once you have done this, things are very simple. When you have Windows up and running after the upgrade, right click an empty section of the taskbar and select properties to bring up the newly named “Taskbar and Navigation properties” dialog.  Move to the Navigation tab and look in the “Start screen” section in the lower half of the dialog. Check the box labelled ‘Go to the desktop instead of Start when I sign in” and click OK.    

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• How to fix no splash screen in Ubuntu after nvidia proprietary driver installation (also black borders)

  - by Fabio Trevisiol

  This is soultion how to fix no splash screen in Ubuntu after nvidia proprietary driver installation. It's no matter what Ubuntu version you use, it should work anyway. (TESTED ON 14.04) Open your terminal and type: sudo apt-get install v86d (TEST WITHOUT) Then: sudo gedit /etc/default/grub Find this line: #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 Add below (of course choose your resolution): GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768x32 (TRY WITHOUT OR DIFFERENT BIT DEPTH) GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=1920x1080x32 (YOU CAN ALSO USE THE KEEP OPTION) Save file and type in terminal: echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash (ALLOWS TO AVOID THAT THE SPLASH SCREEN IS DISPLAYED FOR A FEW SECONDS) sudo update-initramfs -u sudo update-grub2 For all those who complain about the presence of black borders in "plymouth", try to make these changes before installing the nvidia driver or switch back from nvidia to nouveau and from nouveau to nvidia. Kernel update from the Software Updater? It happened to me; I don't know if it matters. I don't know for which of these reasons, but after a few reboots, the black borders are gone. UPDATE discovered the secret: during all these beautiful things, something strange happened. glxinfo | grep vendor server glx vendor string: SGI client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI OpenGL vendor string: nouveau

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• Steam freezes at login screen

  - by Snail284069

  I have just installed Steam on Xubuntu, and after it finished installing it went to the login screen, but the screen is frozen, and I cannot press the buttons. When running Steam though the terminal it says: alex@Craptop:~$ steam Running Steam on ubuntu 14.04 32-bit STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "overlay-scrollbar" Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "unity-gtk-module" Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) [0522/174755:WARNING:proxy_service.cc(958)] PAC support disabled because there is no system implementation Fontconfig error: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/10-scale-bitmap-fonts.conf", line 70: non-double matrix element Fontconfig error: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/10-scale-bitmap-fonts.conf", line 70: non-double matrix element Fontconfig warning: "/etc/fonts/conf.d/10-scale-bitmap-fonts.conf", line 78: saw unknown, expected number Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) [HTTP Remote Control] HTTP server listening on port 35849. Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Process 2764 created /alex-ValveIPCSharedObjects5 Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1400690891_client) Generating new string page texture 12: 48x256, total string texture memory is 49.15 KB Generating new string page texture 13: 256x256, total string texture memory is 311.30 KB Generating new string page texture 14: 128x256, total string texture memory is 442.37 KB Generating new string page texture 15: 384x256, total string texture memory is 835.58 KB and then the terminal gets stuck too, letting me type into it but not doing anything. I tried reinstalling and restarting the computer, but it still keeps happening.

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• How to Create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal

  - by Avinash Raj

  Is there any possibility to create a Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal without using any third-party applications like YUMI,Unetbootin,etc. I tried to create a bootable ubuntu flash drive with dd method, sudo umount /dev/sdb sudo dd if=/path/to/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M It create files on the USB disk,but when i try to boot the usb disk it says Operating System Not Found error. Any help will be appreciated!

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• Grub doesn't show both Ubuntu installations

  - by jackweirdy

  I have a laptop with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installed as the main OS. The other day I installed Ubuntu-Studio (version 12.04) into another partition on the machine. The installation went great and when the machine booted, the grub menu popped up and I could see the option for Ubuntu Studio and the vanilla Ubuntu OS'. The problem was that this version of grub, installed by the Studio installer, didn't look great and insisted on putting Studio at the top of the list, and therefore as the main OS to boot. I use the standard Ubuntu more often, so I booted into that and ran sudo grub-install dev/sda. That worked OK and now Ubuntu boots as normal. Only problem is that the Grub menu doesn't show up and doesn't give me a chance to choose the other OS. Running sudo os-prober shows that it can find ubuntu studio, it doesn't give me a chance to boot it. Any ideas as to how I can fix this problem? Cheers in advance. EDIT: followed instructions here and saw the boot menu, but the only boot options present were for the standard installation of Ubuntu.

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• HP ENVY TouchSmart 15t-j000 Quad Edition + custom mSata Plextor M5M 64GB SSD

  - by Akash Ramani

  The ssd did not come along with the laptop, so i bought one myself and physically installed it. I've booted into Ubuntu from a USB drive and my goal is to install / and /home in the SSD. (because most of the actual media exists on the HDD) The only problem is i'm unable to detect the SSD while configuring the partitions. I know the SSD is not the problem because it recognizes in a different laptop. I've followed the instructions shown in https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI but that still doesn't help in identifying the SSD partition. Any help would be appreciated. (p.s: I'm wondering if i have to prepare the SSD through windows or something like that)

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• Unable to access ubuntu through windows boot manager

  - by Arvind

  I am having an ASUS K55VM....it came with DOS....to this Windows 7 was installed...now i am planned to add another OS ie Ubuntu...my computer had 4 partitions of 240GB 230GB 230GB and 230GB....i changed this to 5 parts....243GB 230GB 230GB 150GB and an 80GB...i installed Ubuntu 12.04 to the 80GB partition through a USB flash drive....it installed fine...however the problem is during the Boot option in Windows Boot manager when i choose Ubuntu...this what is displayed... Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem: 1.Insert your Windows installation disc and restart your computer. 2.Choose your language settings, and then click "Next." 3.Click "Repair your computer." If you do not have this disc, contact your system administrator or computer manufacturer for assistance. File: \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr Status: 0xc000000e Info: The selected entry could not be loaded because the application is missing or corrupt. I tried to change the boot option for the OS and made Ubuntu as my first option....It worked...however windows 7 does not show up in GRUB....in this fear i did the following: Restarted my pc changed boot option 1 to windows. Formatted the drive to which Ubuntu was installed(80GB one)through windows. Restarted again. The problem persists....Windows boot manager shows Ubuntu still and when i choose this it gives two lines one like: grub rescue....but my windows 7 is working perfectly fine. Now want a solution to remove Ubuntu from the windows boot option and reinstall completely...

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• "A Disk Read Error" while starting Windows after Ubuntu upgrade + Boot Repair

  - by bludger

  I just upgraded to 12.10. After installing the files and rebooting I had come across following problem: error file not found grub rescue _ This problem was easily solved by repairing the boot using Boot Repair tool. This answer helped me. But after this, Windows won't start. It's giving following error: A disk read error has occurred Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart How do I fix this?

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• Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 13

  - by Mike Williamson

  I keep a windows partition on my laptop for the occaisional bit of Photoshop work. A while ago I noticed that Windows had disappeared from my grub boot menu and when I try to mount the windows partion, my system hangs for a bit and then I get this: Unable to mount 105 GB Filesystem Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 13: ntfs_attr_pread_i: ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error Failed to calculate free MFT records: Input/output error NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory, (e.g. /dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the 'dmraid' documentation for more details. It seems that chkdsk is a windows command but since I can't boot into windows (since its the windows partition that is the problem) I'm not sure what to do. Here is the output of fdisk to give you the lay of the land: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x98000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 10199 81923436 83 Linux /dev/sda2 * 10200 22947 102398310 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 22948 29164 49938052+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 29165 30401 9936202+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 29165 30401 9936171 82 Linux swap / Solaris Any guidance would be appreciated!

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• grub problem after grub-repair

  - by alireza

  I had two OS,win 7 and Ubuntu, I was working with win and went out of the room and when came back I saw Grub Rescue!!! I booted live and did grub_repaire and it still says multiple active partitions.operating system not found I feel that it can not find the ubuntu hard drive at all! ! ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xde771741 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 61 61 0 0 Empty /dev/sda2 2048 30146559 15072256 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sda3 * 30146560 30351359 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 30351360 334483299 152065970 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ ls autofs dvdrw loop4 ppp ram5 shm tty15 tty29 tty42 tty56 ttyS10 ttyS24 uinput vcsa1 block ecryptfs loop5 psaux ram6 snapshot tty16 tty3 tty43 tty57 ttyS11 ttyS25 urandom vcsa2 bsg fb0 loop6 ptmx ram7 snd tty17 tty30 tty44 tty58 ttyS12 ttyS26 usbmon0 vcsa3 btrfs-control fd loop7 pts ram8 sr0 tty18 tty31 tty45 tty59 ttyS13 ttyS27 usbmon1 vcsa4 bus full loop-control ram0 ram9 stderr tty19 tty32 tty46 tty6 ttyS14 ttyS28 usbmon2 vcsa5 cdrom fuse mapper ram1 random stdin tty2 tty33 tty47 tty60 ttyS15 ttyS29 v4l vcsa6 cdrw fw0 mcelog ram10 rfkill stdout tty20 tty34 tty48 tty61 ttyS16 ttyS3 vcs vcsa7 char hpet mei ram11 rtc tty tty21 tty35 tty49 tty62 ttyS17 ttyS30 vcs1 vga_arbiter console input mem ram12 rtc0 tty0 tty22 tty36 tty5 tty63 ttyS18 ttyS31 vcs2 video0 core kmsg net ram13 sda tty1 tty23 tty37 tty50 tty7 ttyS19 ttyS4 vcs3 zero cpu log network_latency ram14 sda2 tty10 tty24 tty38 tty51 tty8 ttyS2 ttyS5 vcs4 cpu_dma_latency loop0 network_throughput ram15 sda3 tty11 tty25 tty39 tty52 tty9 ttyS20 ttyS6 vcs5 disk loop1 null ram2 sda4 tty12 tty26 tty4 tty53 ttyprintk ttyS21 ttyS7 vcs6 dri loop2 oldmem ram3 sg0 tty13 tty27 tty40 tty54 ttyS0 ttyS22 ttyS8 vcs7 dvd loop3 port ram4 sg1 tty14 tty28 tty41 tty55 ttyS1 ttyS23 ttyS9 vcsa ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ someone said { Remove the boot flag from sda1, by typing in a terminal: sudo fdisk /dev/sda1 Then press the 'a' key, and 'Enter'. Then press the '1' key, and 'Enter'. Then press the 'w' key, and 'Enter'. } but after grub-repair I got this log: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1371297/ then I try sudo fdisk /dev/sda1 and But It says unable to open /dev/sda1! which is right as sda1 is not in dev folder (look at the picture!) Can anybody help me? I need to work on my windows for the rest of the semester and don't care of my ubuntu. thank you

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• How to Handle frame rates and synchronizing screen repaints

  - by David Kroukamp

  I would first off say sorry if the title is worded incorrectly. Okay now let me give the scenario I'm creating a 2 player fighting game, An average battle will include a Map (moving/still) and 2 characters (which are rendered by redrawing a varying amount of sprites one after the other). Now at the moment I have a single game loop limiting me to a set number of frames per second (using Java): Timer timer = new Timer(0, new AbstractAction() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { long beginTime; //The time when the cycle begun long timeDiff; //The time it took for the cycle to execute int sleepTime; //ms to sleep (< 0 if we're behind) int fps = 1000 / 40; beginTime = System.nanoTime() / 1000000; //execute loop to update check collisions and draw gameLoop(); //Calculate how long did the cycle take timeDiff = System.nanoTime() / 1000000 - beginTime; //Calculate sleep time sleepTime = fps - (int) (timeDiff); if (sleepTime > 0) {//If sleepTime > 0 we're OK ((Timer)e.getSource()).setDelay(sleepTime); } } }); timer.start(); in gameLoop() characters are drawn to the screen ( a character holds an array of images which consists of their current sprites) every gameLoop() call will change the characters current sprite to the next and loop if the end is reached. But as you can imagine if a sprite is only 3 images in length than calling gameLoop() 40 times will cause the characters movement to be drawn 40/3=13 times. This causes a few minor anomilies in the sprited for some charcters So my question is how would I go about delivering a set amount of frames per second in when I have 2 characters on screen with varying amount of sprites?

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• Ubuntu 12.04-2 does not install with UEFI

  - by Rodrigo

  I'm in trouble to instal Ubuntu in Insipiron 14z. I've already created this question (that was wrongly marked as duplicated): First question But, the error seems to be with UEFI. If I disable UEFI on BIOS Setup, I can get into installation process of Ubuntu normally. But, I didn't finish the installation process because I think that will screw Windows 8 installation. So my questions is: Ubuntu installation should work with UEFI. So, why it didn't? Knowing that the error is with UEFI. I can forget the errors listed here?

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• Windows XP with Ubuntu 14.04 on 2 separate hard drives

  - by maplenet2

  I am new to Ubuntu. I have Windows XP Professional 32-bit on one 300GB IDE hard drive and Ubuntu 14.04 running on another 61GB IDE hard drive, and I cannot get my Windows XP to boot with Grub! When I select Windows XP from the boot menu, Grub just restarts my computer. The computer I have with those two hard drives is a Dell Optiplex GX240, so the hardware is old, and its BIOS won't let me change the boot priority on the two IDE hard drives. What can I do now? Is there a step I missed when installing Ubuntu? Can I edit Grub to boot Windows XP without messing with the BIOS? Do I have to downgrade to an older release of Ubuntu to make it work? I am willing to reinstall Ubuntu, if that's what it takes.

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• How to make Windows boot first?

  - by Rani.Shemer

  I want to know how to make Windows the default boot OS in Ubuntu 11.10, how to make Windows boot first on GRUB2, specifically for Windows 7, which is my current version. I know that are some tutorials about this, but it seems that I made a mistake, so I'm asking. Luckily nothing serious happened. I didn't lose my data. The difference between my question and the tutorials is that the tutorials are from older version. Sorry for any disturbs and redundancy of the question. I'll love it better for a GUI app that making easy the boot. P.S: I forgot to say the version of my OS's I am running Windows 7 Home Premium X64 bit Ubuntu 11.10 X64 bit I hope this will make understand better because I now saw it a tutorial that for 64 bit versions Startup-Manager doesn't work.

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• How do I boot into console mode (redux)

  - by Leo Simon

  I'm running Ubuntu 12.04. This question was asked some time ago How do I disable the boot splash screen? but the answers didn't work for me. The standard way to boot into console mode used to be to edit /etc/default/grub and set GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text" This worked fine until I ran the fix proposed in https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure in order to get sound to work. Since then, I have disabled the boot-splash-screen, but I can avoid what I presume is the lightdm login prompt screen. All I want to do is disable this gui and be prompted with a console login prompt. (Shouldnt be so hard should it???) I read in three 33416 mentioned above that there was a bug in lightdm (it wasn't recognizing "text" properly as an option for GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT.) But this discussion happened more than a year ago, and it's surely been fixed. Yet my lightdm is uptodate (so I'm told when I try to update it with apt-get). As suggested in one of the above, I tried sudo update-rc.d -f lightdm remove which resulted in a hung machine. I managed to recover using recovery mode, but now I still get the gui again. Another suggestion is to edit /etc/init/lightdm.override. I've done this and set it to "manual" as suggested, but lightdm simply ignores this. Could somebody suggest how to proceed please? Thanks very much, Leo

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• Apache 'You don't have permission to access / on this server'

  - by Dying

  I just install apache2 on ubuntu,the default www directory is /var/www/ ,I use ln to link it to '/media/Software/Program Files/wamp/www/' at the windows directory,but the apache shows 'You don't have permission to access / on this server',Then I use 'sudo chmod -R 777 /media/Software/Program\ Files/wamp/www/' to set the permission,but it didn't work,and nothing changed when I saw the permission in the preporties of the '.../wamp/www' folder.So I want to know How can I change the www directory to '.../wamp/www' as I also need to access this diretory in windows.

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