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• Should we retire the term "Context"?

  - by MrGumbe

  I'm not sure if there is a more abused term in the world of programming than "Context." A word that has a very clear meaning in the English language has somehow morphed into a hot mess in software development, where the definition where the connotation can be completely different based on what library you happen to be developing in. Tomcat uses the word context to mean the configuration of a web application. Java applets, on the other hand, use an AppletContext to define attributes of the browser and HTML tag that launched it, but the BeanContext is defined as a container. ASP.NET uses the HttpContext object as a grab bag of state - containing information about the current request / response, session, user, server, and application objects. Context Oriented Programming defines the term as "Any information which is computationally accessible may form part of the context upon which behavioral variations depend," which I translate as "anything in the world." The innards of the Windows OS uses the CONTEXT structure to define properties about the hardware environment. The .NET installation classes, however, use the InstallContext property to represent the command line arguments entered to the installation class. The above doesn't even touch how all of us non-framework developers have used the term. I've seen plenty of developers fall into the subconscious trap of "I can't think of anything else to call this class, so I'll name it 'WidgetContext.'" Do you all agree that before naming our class a "Context," we may want to first consider some more descriptive terms? "Environment", "Configuraton", and "ExecutionState" come readily to mind.

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• Advice: Python Framework Server/Worker Queue management (not Website)

  - by Muppet Geoff

  I am looking for some advice/opinions of which Python Framework to use in an implementation of multiple 'Worker' PCs co-ordinated from a central Queue Manager. For completeness, the 'Worker' PCs will be running Audio Conversion routines (which I do not need advice on, and have standalone code that works). The Audio conversion takes a long time, and I need to co-ordinate an arbitrary number of the 'Workers' from a central location, handing them conversion tasks (such as where to get the source files, or where to ask for the job configuration) with them reporting back some additional info, such as the runtime of the converted audio etc. At present, I have a script that makes a webservice call to get the 'configuration' for a conversion task, based on source files located on the worker already (we manually copy the source files to the worker, and that triggers a conversion routine). I want to change this, so that we can distribute conversion tasks ("Oy you, process this: xxx") based on availability, and in an ideal world, based on pending tasks too. There is a chance that Workers can go offline mid-conversion (but this is not likely). All the workers are Windows based, the co-ordinator can be WIndows or Linux. I have (in my initial searches) come across the following - and I know that some are cross-dependent: Celery (with RabbitMQ) Twisted Django Using a framework, rather than home-brewing, seems to make more sense to me right now. I have a limited timeframe in which to develop this functional extension. An additional consideration would be using a Framework that is compatible with PyQT/PySide so that I can write a simple UI to display Queue status etc. I appreciate that the specifics above are a little vague, and I hope that someone can offer me a pointer or two. Again: I am looking for general advice on which Python framework to investigate further, for developing a Server/Worker 'Queue management' solution, for non-web activities (this is why DJango didn't seem the right fit).

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• `enable_shared_from_this` has a non-virtual destructor

  - by Shtééf

  I have a pet project with which I experiment with new features of the upcoming C++0x standard. While I have experience with C, I'm fairly new to C++. To train myself into best practices, (besides reading a lot), I have enabled some strict compiler parameters (using GCC 4.4.1): -std=c++0x -Werror -Wall -Winline -Weffc++ -pedantic-errors This has worked fine for me. Until now, I have been able to resolve all obstacles. However, I have a need for enable_shared_from_this, and this is causing me problems. I get the following warning (error, in my case) when compiling my code (probably triggered by -Weffc++): base class ‘class std::enable_shared_from_this<Package>’ has a non-virtual destructor So basically, I'm a bit bugged by this implementation of enable_shared_from_this, because: A destructor of a class that is intended for subclassing should always be virtual, IMHO. The destructor is empty, why have it at all? I can't imagine anyone would want to delete their instance by reference to enable_shared_from_this. But I'm looking for ways to deal with this, so my question is really, is there a proper way to deal with this? And: am I correct in thinking that this destructor is bogus, or is there a real purpose to it?

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• Identity alternative for SQL Azure Federation : are Azure Queues or Service Bus Queues a good choice?

  - by JYL

  As many of developers, I'm looking for a way to integrate my existing app to SQL Azure Federations, and replacing the Identity columns (the primary keys of my tables) is a big problem. For many reasons, I do NOT want use GUID for my primary keys (please don't open the debate about the GUID or not, it's not my question : i just don't want a GUID, period). So I need to build a key provider to replace the "identity" feature of a standard SQL database. I'm using Entity Framework, so i can easily find one place to set the Id value just before the insert (by overriding the SaveChanges method of my ObjectContext class). I just need to find a "not too complicated" implementation for getting the current Id, which is "farm-ready". I've read this SO post : "ID Generation for Sharded Database (Azure Federated Database)" and "Synchronizing Multiple Nodes in Windows Azure from MSDN Magazine", but this solution sounds a bit complicated for me. I'm thinking about creating (automatically) one azure queue for each SQL table, which contain a pre-loaded list of consecutive integer. When I want an Id value, I just have to get a message from the queue (which becomes invisible and is deleted on the way), which give me the current available Id. About the choice between "Windows Azure Queues" and "Windows Azure Service Bus Queues", I prefere "Windows Azure Queues", due to the "high" latency of Service Bus Queues. I don't think that the lack of "ordering garantee" of Azure Queues is a problem. What do you think about that idea of using Azure Queues to provide Id values ? Do you see any argument to give up that idea ? Do you have a better idea, or even a good practice, to provider integer ids in SQL Azure Federation databases ? Thanks.

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• WPF bound object update notification

  - by Carlo

  I have a TreeView with a few objects bound to it, let's say something like this: public class House { public List<Room> Rooms { get; set; } public List<Person> People { get; set; } public House() { this.Rooms = new List<Room>(); this.People = new List<Person>(); } public void BuildRoom(string name) { this.Rooms.Add(new Room() { Name = name }); } public void DestroyRoom(string name) { this.Rooms.Remove(new Room() { Name = name }); } public void PersonEnter(string name) { this.People.Add(new Person() { Name = name }); } public void PersonLeave(string name) { this.People.Remove(new Person() { Name = name }); } } public class Room { public string Name { get; set; } } public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } } The TreeView is watching over the House object, whenever a room is built / destroyed or a person enters / leaves, my tree view updates itself to show the new state of the house (I omitted some implementation details for simplicity). What I want is to know the exact moment when this update finishes, so I can do something right there, the thing is that I created an indicator of the selected item, and when something moves, I need to update said indicator's position, that's the reason I need it exactly when the tree view updates. Let me know if you know a solution to this. Also, the code is not perfect (DestroyRoom and PersonLeave), but you get the idea. Thanks!

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• Questions on Juval Lowy's IDesign C# Coding Standard

  - by Jan

  We are trying to use the IDesign C# Coding standard. Unfortunately, I found no comprehensive document to explain all the rules that it gives, and also his book does not always help. Here are the open questions that remain for me (from chapter 2, Coding Practices): No. 26: Avoid providing explicit values for enums unless they are integer powers of 2 No. 34: Always explicitly initialize an array of reference types using a for loop No. 50: Avoid events as interface members No. 52: Expose interfaces on class hierarchies No. 73: Do not define method-specific constraints in interfaces No. 74: Do not define constraints in delegates Here's what I think about those: I thought that providing explicit values would be especially useful when adding new enum members at a later point in time. If these members are added between other already existing members, I would provide explicit values to make sure the integer representation of existing members does not change. No idea why I would want to do this. I'd say this totally depends on the logic of my program. I see that there is alternative option of providing "Sink interfaces" (simply providing already all "OnXxxHappened" methods), but what is the reason to prefer one over the other? Unsure what he means here: Could this mean "When implementing an interface explicitly in a non-sealed class, consider providing the implementation in a protected virtual method that can be overridden"? (see Programming .NET Components 2nd Edition, end of chapter “Interfaces and Class Hierarchies”). I suppose this is about providing a "where" clause when using generics, but why is this bad on an interface? I suppose this is about providing a "where" clause when using generics, but why is this bad on a delegate?

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• T4 trouble compiling transformation

  - by John Leidegren

  I can't figure this one out. Why doesn't T4 locate the IEnumerable type? I'm using Visual Studio 2010. And I just hope someone knows why? <#@ template debug="true" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ assembly name="System.Data, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" #> <#@ import namespace="System" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Data" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" #> <#@ output extension=".cs" #> public static class Tables { <# var q = @" SELECT tbl.name 'table', col.name 'column' FROM sys.tables tbl INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON col.object_id = tbl.object_id "; // var source = Execute(q); #> } <#+ static IEnumerable Execute(string cmdText) { using (var conn = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=t4build;Integrated Security=True;")) { conn.Open(); var cmd = new SqlCommand(cmdText, conn); using (var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) { while (reader.Read()) { } } } } #> Error 2 Compiling transformation: The type or namespace name 'IEnumerable' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) c:\Projects\T4BuildApp\T4BuildApp\TextTemplate1.tt 26 9

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• Dynamic Select boxes page load

  - by Chris

  Hello, I have a dynamic chained select box that I am attempting to show the value of on a page load. In my chained select box, it will default to the first option within the select box on page load, could anyone provide assitance? I stumbled upon this thread, but I can't seem to translate what they are doing with that answer to my language of CF. Dynamic chained drop downs on page refresh Here is the JS script I am using. function dynamicSelect(id1, id2) { // Feature test to see if there is enough W3C DOM support if (document.getElementById && document.getElementsByTagName) { // Obtain references to both select boxes var sel1 = document.getElementById(id1); var sel2 = document.getElementById(id2); // Clone the dynamic select box var clone = sel2.cloneNode(true); // Obtain references to all cloned options var clonedOptions = clone.getElementsByTagName("option"); // Onload init: call a generic function to display the related options in the dynamic select box refreshDynamicSelectOptions(sel1, sel2, clonedOptions); // Onchange of the main select box: call a generic function to display the related options in the dynamic select box sel1.onchange = function() { refreshDynamicSelectOptions(sel1, sel2, clonedOptions); } } } function refreshDynamicSelectOptions(sel1, sel2, clonedOptions) { // Delete all options of the dynamic select box while (sel2.options.length) { sel2.remove(0); } // Create regular expression objects for "select" and the value of the selected option of the main select box as class names var pattern1 = /( |^)(select)( |$)/; var pattern2 = new RegExp("( |^)(" + sel1.options[sel1.selectedIndex].value + ")( |$)"); // Iterate through all cloned options for (var i = 0; i < clonedOptions.length; i++) { // If the classname of a cloned option either equals "select" or equals the value of the selected option of the main select box if (clonedOptions[i].className.match(pattern1) || clonedOptions[i].className.match(pattern2)) { // Clone the option from the hidden option pool and append it to the dynamic select box sel2.appendChild(clonedOptions[i].cloneNode(true)); } } } Thanks so much for any assistance

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• Where can I find my iPhone app's Core Data persistent store?

  - by Dr Dork

  I'm diving into iPhone development, so I apologize in advance if this is a ridiculous question, but in a new iPad app project using the Core Data framework, here's the generated code for creating the persistentStoreCoordinator... - (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator { if (persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) { return persistentStoreCoordinator; } NSURL *storeUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath: [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"ApplicationName.sqlite"]]; NSError *error = nil; persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[self managedObjectModel]]; if (![persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeUrl options:nil error:&error]) { /* Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately. abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development. If it is not possible to recover from the error, display an alert panel that instructs the user to quit the application by pressing the Home button. Typical reasons for an error here include: * The persistent store is not accessible * The schema for the persistent store is incompatible with current managed object model Check the error message to determine what the actual problem was. */ NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); abort(); } return persistentStoreCoordinator; } My questions are... The first time I run the app, is the ApplicationName.sqllite database created automatically if it doesn't exist? If not, when is it created? When data is added to it programmatically? Once the DB does exist, where can I locate the file? I'd like to open it with a different program so I can manually manipulate the data. Thanks so much in advance for your help! I'm going to continue researching these questions right now.

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• Unable to dismiss MFMailComposeViewController, delegate not called

  - by Rod

  HI, I am calling MFMailComposeViewController from UITableViewController. Problem is, delegate method mailComposeController:(MFMailComposeViewController)controllerdidFinishWithResult* is never called when I select Cancel or Send button in Mail compose window. Here is the table view class: @implementation DetailsTableViewController - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if (indexPath.section==0 && indexPath.row==4){ //SEND MAIL MFMailComposeViewController *controller = [[MFMailComposeViewController alloc] init]; controller.mailComposeDelegate = self; if ([MFMailComposeViewController canSendMail]) { [controller setSubject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Ref %@",[item objectForKey:@"reference"]]]; [controller setMessageBody:@" " isHTML:NO]; [controller setToRecipients:[NSArray arrayWithObject:[item objectForKey:@"email"]]]; [self presentModalViewController:controller animated:YES]; } [controller release]; } } - (void)mailComposeController:(MFMailComposeViewController*)controllerdidFinishWithResult:(MFMailComposeResult)result error:(NSError*)error { // NEVER REACHES THIS PLACE [self dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES]; NSLog (@"mail finished"); } The application don't crash. After Cancel or Send button is presses Compose Window stays on the screen with buttons disabled. I can exit application pressing Home key. I am able to open other Modal Views form TableView but not MailCompose.

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• SWIG: From Plain C++ to working Wrapper

  - by duckworthd

  Hi everyone. I've been trying to create a SWIG wrapper for this tiny little C++ class for the better part of 3 hours with no success, so I was hoping one of you out there could lend me a small hand. I have the following class: #include <stdio.h> class Example { public: Example(); ~Example(); int test(); }; #include "example.h" Along with the implementation: Example::Example() { printf("Example constructor called\n"); } Example::~Example() { printf("Example destructor called\n"); } int Example::test() { printf("Holy shit, I work!\n"); return 42; } I've read through the introduction page ( www.swig.org/Doc1.3/Java.html ) a few times without gaining a whole lot of insight into the situation. My steps were Create an example.i file Compile original alongside example_wrap.cxx (no linking) link resulting object files together Create a little java test file (see below) javac all .java files there and run Well steps 4 and 5 have created a host of problems for me, starting with the basic ( library 'example' not found due to not being in java's path ) to the weird ( library not found even unless LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set to something, even if it's nothing at all). I've included my little testing code below public class test2 { static { String libpath = System.getProperty("java.library.path"); String currentDir = System.getProperty("user.dir"); System.setProperty("java.library.path", currentDir + ":" + libpath); System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.library.path")); System.loadLibrary("example"); } public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("It loads!"); } } Well, if anyone has navigated these murky waters of wrapping, I could not be happier than if you could light the way, particularly if you could provide the example.i and bash commands to go along with it.

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• Sql Server 2005 Database Tables - Row Comparison Column By Column.

  - by Goober

  Scenario I have an TWO datbase tables of exactly the SAME STRUCTURE. The difference between these tables is that one contains data populated by one application and the other is populated by a different application. Each application is trying to produce the same result, but using two different methods of implementation. Proposed Idea What I want to do, is run both applications, which will roughly produce 35000 rows containing 10 columns each - So all in all, 70000 rows of data, I then want to compare each row of data, COLUMN BY COLUMN to check whether the values are the same or not. Current Thoughts Since there is so much data to compare, I feel that the best way in which to do this would be to write an application, preferably in C# (but if necessary, T-sql), to compare each row of data column by column, and write out any failed comparisons to a text log file. Question Could anybody suggest an efficient way in which to perform column by column row comparison for 70000 rows worth of data? I'm struggling for ideas on how to tackle this problem. Extra Detail The two applications are both written in C# .Net 3.5. The Database is running on Sql Server 2005. Help greatly appreciated.

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• How to store visited states in iterative deepening / depth limited search?

  - by colinfang

  Update: Search for the first solution. for a normal Depth First Search it is simple, just use a hashset bool DFS (currentState) = { if (myHashSet.Contains(currentState)) { return; } else { myHashSet.Add(currentState); } if (IsSolution(currentState) return true; else { for (var nextState in GetNextStates(currentState)) if (DFS(nextState)) return true; } return false; } However, when it becomes depth limited, i cannot simply do this bool DFS (currentState, maxDepth) = { if (maxDepth = 0) return false; if (myHashSet.Contains(currentState)) { return; } else { myHashSet.Add(currentState); } if (IsSolution(currentState) return true; else { for (var nextState in GetNextStates(currentState)) if (DFS(nextState, maxDepth - 1)) return true; } return false; } Because then it is not going to do a complete search (in a sense of always be able to find a solution if there is any) before maxdepth How should I fix it? Would it add more space complexity to the algorithm? Or it just doesn't require to memoize the state at all. Update: for example, a decision tree is the following: A - B - C - D - E - A | F - G (Goal) Starting from state A. and G is a goal state. Clearly there is a solution under depth 3. However, using my implementation under depth 4, if the direction of search happens to be A(0) -> B(1) -> C(2) -> D(3) -> E(4) -> F(5) exceeds depth, then it would do back track to A, however E is visited, it would ignore the check direction A - E - F - G

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• Run code before class instanciation in ActionScript 3

  - by soow.fr

  I need to run code in a class declaration before its instanciation. This would be especially useful to automatically register classes in a factory. See: // Main.as public class Main extends Sprite { public function Main() : void { var o : Object = Factory.make(42); } } // Factory.as public class Factory { private static var _factory : Array = new Array(); public static function registerClass(id : uint, c : Class) : void { _factory[id] = function () : Object { return new c(); }; } public static function make(id : uint) : Object { return _factory[id](); } } // Foo.as public class Foo { // Run this code before instanciating Foo! Factory.registerClass(42, Foo); } AFAIK, the JIT machine for the ActionScript language won't let me do that since no reference to Foo is made in the Main method. The Foo class being generated, I can't (and don't want to) register the classes in Main: I'd like to register all the exported classes in a specific package (or library). Ideally, this would be done through package introspection, which doesn't exist in ActionScript 3. Do you know any fix (or other solution) to my design issue?

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• [C#] how to do Exception Handling & Tracing

  - by shrimpy

  Hi all, i am reading some C# books, and got some exercise don't know how to do, or not sure what does the question mean. Problem: After working for a company for some time, your skills as a knowledgeable developer are recognized, and you are given the task of “policing” the implementation of exception handling and tracing in the source code (C#) for an enterprise application that is under constant incremental development. The two goals set by the product architect are: 100% of methods in the entire application must have at least a standard exception handler, using try/catch/finally blocks; more complex methods must also have additional exception handling for specific exceptions All control flow code can optionally write “tracing” information to assist in debugging and instrumentation of the application at run-time in situations where traditional debuggers are not available (eg. on staging and production servers). (i am not quite understand these criterias, i came from the java world, java has two kind of exception, check and unchecked exception. Developer must handle checked exception, and do logging. about unchecked exception, still do logging maybe, but most of the time we just throw it. however here comes to C#, what should i do????) Question for Problem: List rules you would create for the development team to follow, and the ways in which you would enforce rules, to achieve these goals. How would you go about ensuring that all existing code complies with the rules specified by the product architect; in particular, what considerations would impact your planning for the work to ensure all existing code complies?

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• Getting tree construction with ANTLR

  - by prosseek

  As asked and answered in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2999755/removing-left-recursion-in-antlr , I could remove the left recursion E - E + T|T T - T * F|F F - INT | ( E ) After left recursion removal, I get the following one E - TE' E' - null | + TE' T - FT' T' - null | * FT' Then, how to make the tree construction with the modified grammar? With the input 1+2, I want to have a tree ^('+' ^(INT 1) ^(INT 2)). Or similar. grammar T; options { output=AST; language=Python; ASTLabelType=CommonTree; } start : e - e ; e : t ep - ??? ; ep : | '+' t ep - ??? ; t : f tp - ??? ; tp : | '*' f tp - ??? ; f : INT | '(' e ')' - e ; INT : '0'..'9'+ ; WS: (' '|'\n'|'\r')+ {$channel=HIDDEN;} ;

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• Best (Java) book for understanding 'under the bonnet' for programming?

  - by Ben

  What would you say is the best book to buy to understand exactly how programming works under the hood in order to increase performance? I've coded in assembly at university, I studied computer architecture and I obviously did high level programming, but what I really dont understand is things like: -what is happening when I perform a cast -whats the difference in performance if I declare something global as opposed to local? -How does the memory layout for an ArrayList compare with a Vector or LinkedList? -Whats the overhead with pointers? -Are locks more efficient than using synchronized? -Would creating my own array using int[] be faster than using ArrayList -Advantages/disadvantages of declaring a variable volatile I have got a copy of Java Performance Tuning but it doesnt go down very low and it contains rather obvious things like suggesting a hashmap instead of using an ArrayList as you can map the keys to memory addresses etc. I want something a bit more Computer Sciencey, linking the programming language to what happens with the assembler/hardware. The reason im asking is that I have an interview coming up for a job in High Frequency Trading and everything has to be as efficient as possible, yet I cant remember every single possible efficiency saving so i'd just like to learn the fundamentals. Thanks in advance

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• What hash algorithms are parallelizable? Optimizing the hashing of large files utilizing on multi-co

  - by DanO

  I'm interested in optimizing the hashing of some large files (optimizing wall clock time). The I/O has been optimized well enough already and the I/O device (local SSD) is only tapped at about 25% of capacity, while one of the CPU cores is completely maxed-out. I have more cores available, and in the future will likely have even more cores. So far I've only been able to tap into more cores if I happen to need multiple hashes of the same file, say an MD5 AND a SHA256 at the same time. I can use the same I/O stream to feed two or more hash algorithms, and I get the faster algorithms done for free (as far as wall clock time). As I understand most hash algorithms, each new bit changes the entire result, and it is inherently challenging/impossible to do in parallel. Are any of the mainstream hash algorithms parallelizable? Are there any non-mainstream hashes that are parallelizable (and that have at least a sample implementation available)? As future CPUs will trend toward more cores and a leveling off in clock speed, is there any way to improve the performance of file hashing? (other than liquid nitrogen cooled overclocking?) or is it inherently non-parallelizable?

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• Best practice for managing changes to 3rd party open source libraries?

  - by Jeff Knecht

  On a recent project, I had to modify an open source library to address a functional deficiency. I followed the SVN best practice of creating a "vendor source" repository and made my changes there. I also submitted the patch to the mailing list of that project. Unfortunately, the project only has a couple of maintainers and they are very slow to commit updates. At some point, I expect the library to be updated, and I expect that my project will want to use the upgraded library. But now I have a potential problem... I don't know whether my patch will have been applied to this future release of the 3rd party library. I also don't know whether my patch will even still be compatible with the internal implementation of the upgraded components. And in all likelihood, someone else will be maintaining my project by that point. Should I name the library in a special way so it is clear that we made special modifications (eg. commons-lang-2.x-for-my-project.jar)? Should I just document the patch and reference the SVN location and a link to the mailing list item in a README? No option that I can think of seems to be fool-proof in an upgrade scenario. What is the best practice for this?

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• JavaScript: How is "function x() {}" different from "x = function() {}" ?

  - by jleedev

  In the answers to this question, we read that function f() {} defines the name locally, while [var] f = function() {} defines it globally. That makes perfect sense to me, but there's some strange behavior that's different between the two declarations. I made an HTML page with the script onload = function() { alert("hello"); } and it worked as expected. When I changed it to function onload() { alert("hello"); } nothing happened. (Firefox still fired the event, but WebKit, Opera, and Internet Explorer didn't, although frankly I've no idea which is correct.) In both cases (in all browsers), I could verify that both window.onload and onload were set to the function. In both cases, the global object this is set to the window, and I no matter how I write the declaration, the window object is receiving the property just fine. What's going on here? Why does one declaration work differently from the other? Is this a quirk of the JavaScript language, the DOM, or the interaction between the two?

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• How do C++ compilers actually pass reference parameters?

  - by T.E.D.

  This question came about as a result of some mixed-langauge programming. I had a Fortran routine I wanted to call from C++ code. Fortran passes all its parameters by reference (unless you tell it otherwise). So I thought I'd be clever (bad start right there) in my C++ code and define the Fortran routine something like this: extern "C" void FORTRAN_ROUTINE (unsigned & flag); This code worked for a while but (of course right when I needed to leave) suddenly started blowing up on a return call. Clear indication of a munged call stack. Another engineer came behind me and fixed the problem, declaring that the routine had to be deinfed in C++ as extern "C" void FORTRAN_ROUTINE (unsigned * flag); I'd accept that except for two things. One is that it seems rather counter-intuitive for the compiler to not pass reference parameters by reference, and I can find no documentation anywhere that says that. The other is that he changed a whole raft of other code in there at the same time, so it theoretically could have been another change that fixed whatever the issue was. So the question is, how does C++ actually pass reference parameters? Is it perhaps free to do copy-in, copy-out for small values or something? In other words, are reference parameters utterly useless in mixed-language programming? I'd like to know so I don't make this same code-killing mistake ever again.

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• Python lists/arrays: disable negative indexing wrap-around

  - by wim

  While I find the negative number wraparound (i.e. A[-2] indexing the second-to-last element) extremely useful in many cases, there are often use cases I come across where it is more of an annoyance than helpful, and I find myself wishing for an alternate syntax to use when I would rather disable that particular behaviour. Here is a canned 2D example below, but I have had the same peeve a few times with other data structures and in other numbers of dimensions. import numpy as np A = np.random.randint(0, 2, (5, 10)) def foo(i, j, r=2): '''sum of neighbours within r steps of A[i,j]''' return A[i-r:i+r+1, j-r:j+r+1].sum() In the slice above I would rather that any negative number to the slice would be treated the same as None is, rather than wrapping to the other end of the array. Because of the wrapping, the otherwise nice implementation above gives incorrect results at boundary conditions and requires some sort of patch like: def ugly_foo(i, j, r=2): def thing(n): return None if n < 0 else n return A[thing(i-r):i+r+1, thing(j-r):j+r+1].sum() I have also tried zero-padding the array or list, but it is still inelegant (requires adjusting the lookup locations indices accordingly) and inefficient (requires copying the array). Am I missing some standard trick or elegant solution for slicing like this? I noticed that python and numpy already handle the case where you specify too large a number nicely - that is, if the index is greater than the shape of the array it behaves the same as if it were None.

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• jQuery draggable removing without changing position of other elements

  - by Yurish

  Hi! I am building a page layout configuration system on jQuery. So everyone, who is using my website can make it personal by moving elements on webpage. But, I have a problem. Every element on my page is a draggable div with option to be removed from page if necessary. When user wants to remove an element, he clicks on inner div and the following function is called: <script language="javascript"> $(function() { $('.close').click(function(){ $(this).parent().hide(); }); }); </script> <div class="main"><div class="close"></div></div> When user wants to add an element on page, he clicks on link and followinf function is called: function addNewWidget(page_name, size){ var page = $('#'+page_name); var closeDiv = $(document.createElement("div")).attr("class", "close").html('X'); closeDiv.click(function(){ $(this).parent().hide(); }); var div = $(document.createElement("div")) div.attr("class", "drag"); div.appendTo(page); closeDiv.appendTo(div); div.draggable({ containment: "#page", scroll: false, grid: [200, 200] }); div.css("top:0; left:0"); div.addClass(size); div.addClass('widget'); } Everything works fine, but when element is removed, other elements, which were on page are moving up. It is because of element positioning in the code. These divs in the code are before div, which was removed, and their absolute top is changed by -heghtOfRemovedElement Is there any way to prevent other elements from moving up?

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• How to solve this problem with Python

  - by morpheous

  I am "porting" an application I wrote in C++ into Python. This is the current workflow: Application is started from the console Application parses CLI args Application reads an ini configuration file which specifies which plugins to load etc Application starts a timer Application iterates through each loaded plugin and orders them to start work. This spawns a new worker thread for the plugin The plugins carry out their work and when completed, they die When time interval (read from config file) is up, steps 5-7 is repeated iteratively Since I am new to Python (2 days and counting), the distinction between script, modules and packages are still a bit hazy to me, and I would like to seek advice from Pythonista as to how to implement the workflow described above, using Python as the programing language. In order to keep things simple, I have decided to leave out the time interval stuff out, and instead run the python script/scripts as a cron job instead. This is how I am thinking of approaching it: Encapsulate the whole application in a package which is executable (i.e. can be run from the command line with arguments. Write the plugins as modules (I think maybe its better to implement each module in a separate file?) I havent seen any examples of using threading in Python yet. Could someone provide a snippet of how I could spawn a thread to run a module. Also, I am not sure how to implement the concept of plugins in Python - any advice would be helpful - especially with a code snippet.

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• JavaScript: why `null == 0` is false?

  - by lemonedo

  I had to write a routine that increments the value of a variable by 1 if it is a number, or assigns 0 to the variable if it is not a number. The variable can be incremented by the expression, or be assigned null. No other write access to the variable is allowed. So, the variable can be in three states: it is 0, a positive integer, or null. My first implementation was: v >= 0 ? v += 1 : v = 0 (Yes, I admit that v === null ? v = 0 : v += 1 is the exact solution, but I wanted to be concise then.) It failed since null >= 0 is true. I was confused, since if a value is not a number, an numeric expression involving it must be false always. Then I found that null is like 0, since null + 1 == 1, 1 / null == Infinity, Math.pow(2.718281828, null) == 1, ... Strangely enough, however, null == 0 is evaluated to false. I guess null is the only value that makes the following expression false: (v == 0) === (v >= 0 && v <= 0) So why null is so special in JavaScript?

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