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  • Ubuntu 12.04 boot degraded raid

    - by beacon_bonanza
    I've installed Ubuntu 12.04.1 in a new server and set up the 4 hard drives with 3 RAID 1 devices, the configuration is such that the first two drives have md0 (swap space) and md1 (/) with the third and fourth drives having md2 (/var). I've been testing the operation under a drive failure and found that the system boots fine if I remove disk two but if I remove disk one then the system gets to grub and then just restarts. I'm confused as to why grub appears to be loading properly from disk two but then the boot fails. I've tried to copy the MBR from disk 1 to 2: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1 but this didn't make a difference. Any ideas how to get it to boot from just the second disk? fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ccfa5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 31250431 15624192 fd Linux RAID autodetect /dev/sda2 * 31250432 3907028991 1937889280 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ccfa5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 31250431 15624192 fd Linux RAID autodetect /dev/sdb2 * 31250432 3907028991 1937889280 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00035b05 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 2048 3907028991 1953513472 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000c73aa Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 3907028991 1953513472 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/md1: 1984.3 GB, 1984264208384 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 484439504 cylinders, total 3875516032 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2: 2000.3 GB, 2000263380992 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488345552 cylinders, total 3906764416 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0: 16.0 GB, 15990652928 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 3903968 cylinders, total 31231744 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

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  • memcpy segmentation fault on linux but not os x

    - by Andre
    I'm working on implementing a log based file system for a file as a class project. I have a good amount of it working on my 64 bit OS X laptop, but when I try to run the code on the CS department's 32 bit linux machines, I get a seg fault. The API we're given allows writing DISK_SECTOR_SIZE (512) bytes at a time. Our log record consists of the 512 bytes the user wants to write as well as some metadata (which sector he wants to write to, the type of operation, etc). All in all, the size of the "record" object is 528 bytes, which means each log record spans 2 sectors on the disk. The first record writes 0-512 on sector 0, and 0-15 on sector 1. The second record writes 16-512 on sector 1, and 0-31 on sector 2. The third record writes 32-512 on sector 2, and 0-47 on sector 3. ETC. So what I do is read the two sectors I'll be modifying into 2 freshly allocated buffers, copy starting at record into buf1+the calculated offset for 512-offset bytes. This works correctly on both machines. However, the second memcpy fails. Specifically, "record+DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-offset" in the below code segfaults, but only on the linux machine. Running some random tests, it gets more curious. The linux machine reports sizeof(Record) to be 528. Therefore, if I tried to memcpy from record+500 into buf for 1 byte, it shouldn't have a problem. In fact, the biggest offset I can get from record is 254. That is, memcpy(buf1, record+254, 1) works, but memcpy(buf1, record+255, 1) segfaults. Does anyone know what I'm missing? Record *record = malloc(sizeof(Record)); record->tid = tid; record->opType = OP_WRITE; record->opArg = sector; int i; for (i = 0; i < DISK_SECTOR_SIZE; i++) { record->data[i] = buf[i]; // *buf is passed into this function } char* buf1 = malloc(DISK_SECTOR_SIZE); char* buf2 = malloc(DISK_SECTOR_SIZE); d_read(ad->disk, ad->curLogSector, buf1); d_read(ad->disk, ad->curLogSector+1, buf2); memcpy(buf1+offset, record, DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-offset); memcpy(buf2, record+DISK_SECTOR_SIZE-offset, offset+sizeof(Record)-sizeof(record->data));

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  • Copying sectors?

    - by baltusaj
    Is there a script i can use to copy some particular sectors of my Harddisk? I actually have two partitions say A and B, on my Harddisk. Both are of same sizes. What i want is to run a program which starts copying data from the starting sector of A to the starting sector of B until the end sector of A is copied to the end sector of B. Looking for possible solutions... Thanks a lot

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  • Removing old kernel entries in Grub

    - by To Do
    I regularly delete old kernels leaving only the latest two entries using Synaptic. I'm using Precise. However in my Grub "previous Linux version" menu there are quite a few entries labelled 2.6.8. I cannot find these linux-images in Synaptic. dpkg -l | grep linux-image Gives: rc linux-image-3.0.0-17-generic 3.0.0-17.30 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64 ii linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic 3.4.0-030400.201205210521 Linux kernel image for version 3.4.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.2.0.29.31 Generic Linux kernel image Sudo update-grub gives: Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows Vista (loader) on /dev/sda1 sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic gives: E: Unable to locate package linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic' My boot folder contains the following: abi-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic abi-2.6.38-11-generic memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-8-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-3.2.0-27-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.2.0-29-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.4.0-030400-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic System.map-3.2.0-27-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-3.2.0-29-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-3.4.0-030400-generic config-3.2.0-27-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-3.2.0-29-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.4.0-030400-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic extlinux vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic grub vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic and ls -l /etc/grub.d yields: total 56 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6715 Apr 17 20:16 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5522 Oct 1 2011 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7407 May 17 09:22 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6335 Apr 17 20:16 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1588 May 3 2011 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7603 Apr 17 20:16 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 1 2011 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95 Oct 1 2011 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 1 2011 README gdisk -l /dev/sda yields: Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format. *************************************************************** Disk /dev/sda: 312581808 sectors, 149.1 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): F832A498-05E1-4615-B5B1-757ACB4A757A Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 312581774 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 4183661 sectors (2.0 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 61442047 29.3 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 3 163842048 169986047 2.9 GiB 8200 Linux swap 4 169986048 312578047 68.0 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 5 61444096 159666175 46.8 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem Please help with removing the old and inexistent kernels from Grub.

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  • jquery-ui autocomplete with ASP MVC suggestions not displaying

    - by adamnickerson
    I have been trying to get a simple example of the jquery-ui autocomplete to work. I have a controller setup to handle the query, and it returns the json that looks to be in order, but I am getting no suggestions showing up. Here are the js libraries I am including: <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="/Scripts/jquery-ui-1.8.1.custom.min.js"></script> <link href="/Content/jquery-ui-1.8.1.custom.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> and here is the javascript and the form tags: <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { $("#organization").autocomplete({ source: function (request, response) { $.ajax({ url: '/Organization/OrganizationLookup', dataType: "json", data: { limit: 12, q: request.term } }) }, minLength: 2 }); }); </script> <div class="ui-widget"> <label for="organization">Organization: </label> <input id="organization" /> </div> I get back a json response that looks reasonable from my controller: [{"id":"Sector A","value":"Sector A"},{"id":"Sector B","value":"Sector B"},{"id":"Sector C","value":"Sector C"}] id and value seem to be the default naming that autocomplete is looking for. But I get no joy at all. Any thoughts?

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  • "sr0" I/O read boot error in Xubuntu 12.10

    - by Entropicurity
    Just recently upgraded Xubuntu 12.10 after having installed 12.04 originally. Ever since that happened, any time I inserted a disk into my DVD/CD reader/writer I would end up getting a number of error messages from my DVD player/Audio player softer, typically with any of them either crashing or returning a GStreamer backend error. So doing some research I tried to mount it manually, and it typically returned the error messages you'll see below: (using the dmesg | grep "sr0" command) [17545.435584] end_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 0 [17545.492968] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.492981] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.492992] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.493003] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] CDB: [17545.493020] end_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 0 [17545.493058] EXT3-fs (sr0): error: unable to read superblock [17545.553224] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.553237] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.553247] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.553258] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] CDB: [17545.553275] end_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 0 [17545.553312] EXT4-fs (sr0): unable to read superblock [17545.611482] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.611494] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.611504] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] [17545.611514] sr 3:0:0:0: >[sr0] CDB: [17545.611531] end_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 0 [17545.611568] FAT-fs (sr0): unable to read boot sector When I grepped this, the number of error messages just seemed to spill all over the screen, and typically all revolve around the I/O error. I then went into VLC and tried to run the stuff through there, but for some reason it won't read with the default devices. Instead I have to manually input sr0 into each of the /dev/ references and it will play just fine, until I exit out of the program, at which point I have to re-input everything. I have already installed all the media dependencies, both open source and restricted, through the software center. I just found this strange, as out of the box 12.04 there wasn't any problem what so ever. At this point, it could be that all my audio CD's are not in a format that is familiar with the OS (I've read in some places that EXTF4 has issues with this) but I don't see how that could be a problem when the above error messages even tested to see if it is EXT3 as well? I've tried my best to troubleshoot this up till now using existing topics, but it seems that this is a regular problem with a multitude of varying factors that incorporate into it, including but not limited to read/write problems with the format of the CD and right protection. Is there something integral that I am missing?

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  • Package upgrade on Ubuntu raid server and grub setup issue

    - by RecNes
    I have remote Ubuntu 10.10 server running on raid system. I did package upgrade yesterday night for security reasons. During the upgrade, grub installation screen appeared and asked me which partition I wanted to install grub. Options are sda,sdb,md1 and md2. I decide to install them on both sda and sdb partitions. I wondering, was I make true decision? If machine get reboot is it can be boot up safely? You can find fdisk output and fstab mount points below: Fstab: proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/md0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/md1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md2 / ext3 defaults 0 0 Fdisk: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029bb5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 262 2102562 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 263 295 265072+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 296 91201 730202445 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2152 MB, 2152923136 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 525616 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 271 MB, 271319040 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 66240 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md2: 747.7 GB, 747727224832 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 182550592 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00088969 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2102562 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 263 295 265072+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb3 296 91201 730202445 fd Linux raid autodetect

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  • How to use Hardware RAID in Ubuntu Server

    - by user2071938
    I have an Adaptec RAID-Controller and created an RAID-1(Mirroring) succesfully. Now I have installed Ubuntu Server 12.04.3. When I type fdisk -l I get this output: bf@fileserver:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdc: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004c454 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 501758 156301311 77899777 5 Extended /dev/sdc5 501760 156301311 77899776 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/fileserver--vg-root: 75.6 GB, 75606523904 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9191 cylinders, total 147668992 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/fileserver--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/ddf1_Data: 1000.1 GB, 1000065728512 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121584 cylinders, total 1953253376 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/ddf1_Data doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/fileserver--vg-swap_1: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders, total 8126464 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/fileserver--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table The 80 GB HDD is for the System The 1000.2 GB HDD should be for my data. But I'm a bit confused becauser there are listed two 1000.2 GB HDDs, due the Hardware RAID shoudln't there be only one HDD vissible to the OS? (I have two 1000.2 GB HDDs in an Raid-1 Array) dmraid gives me bf@fileserver:~$ sudo dmraid -r /dev/sdb: ddf1, ".ddf1_disks", GROUP, ok, 1953253376 sectors, data@ 0 /dev/sda: ddf1, ".ddf1_disks", GROUP, ok, 1953253376 sectors, data@ 0 so It seems to be ok? But how do I partitionate this disks and which one should I mount(sdb or sda?) Hope you can help me thx Florian

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  • RAID 50 24Port Fast Writes Slow Reads - Ubuntu

    - by James
    What is going on here?! I am baffled. serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test/test.fs bs=4096k count=10000 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 41943040000 bytes (42 GB) copied, 57.0948 s, 735 MB/s serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo dd if=/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test/test.fs of=/dev/null bs=4096k count=10000 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 41943040000 bytes (42 GB) copied, 116.189 s, 361 MB/s OF NOTE: My RAID50 is 3 sets of 8 disks. - This might not be the best config for SPEED. OS: Ubuntu 12.04.1 x64 Hardware Raid: RocketRaid 2782 - 24 Port Controller HardDriveType: Seagate Barracuda ES.2 1TB Drivers: v1.1 Open Source Linux Drivers. So 24 x 1TB drives, partitioned using parted. Filesystem is ext4. I/O scheduler WAS noop but have changed it to deadline with no seemingly performance benefit/cost. serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.1 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Disk /dev/sdb: 41020686336 sectors, 19.1 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 95045EC6-6EAF-4072-9969-AC46A32E38C8 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41020686302 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 5062589 sectors (2.4 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 41015625727 19.1 TiB 0700 primary To me this should be working fine. I can't think of anything that would be causing this other then fundamental driver errors? I can't seem to get much/if any higher then the 361MB a second, is this hitting the "SATA2" link speed, which it shouldn't given it is a PCIe2.0 card. Or maybe some cacheing quirk - I do have Write Back enabled. Does anyone have any suggestions? Tests for me to perform? Or if you require more information, I am happy to provide it! This is a video fileserver for editing machines, so we have a preference for FAST reads over writes. I was just expected more from RAID 50 and 24 drives together... EDIT: (hdparm results) serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal$ sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 17458 MB in 2.00 seconds = 8735.50 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 884 MB in 3.00 seconds = 294.32 MB/sec EDIT2: (config details) Also, I am using a RAID block size of 256K. I was told a larger block size is better for larger (in my case large video) files. EDIT3: (Bonnie++ Results. Would love some guidance with this!)

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  • Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

    - by Brigadieren
    Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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  • swapon --all --verbose : 'read swap header failed: Invalid argument'

    - by user66088
    Recently ran through EnableHibernateWithEncryptedSwap and ran the following command: swapon --all --verbose and received: 'read swap header failed: Invalid argument' How do I fix this? Here's some more pertinent output... Output of sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00006d20 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 156301311 77899777 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 156301311 77899776 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--t10194-root: 75.5 GB, 75539415040 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9183 cylinders, total 147537920 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--t10194-root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--t10194-swap_1: 4227 MB, 4227858432 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 514 cylinders, total 8257536 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x08040000 Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--t10194-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 4225 MB, 4225761280 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 513 cylinders, total 8253440 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd2236983 Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Thanks for any and ALL help!

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  • mount another drive to the same directory

    - by Ken Autotron
    I recently purchased a server that was advertised as 2TB (2 1TB drives) in size, when I use it it reports only one of the drives, I would like to be able to use both as if one drive. here is the specs... sudo lshw -C disk *-disk description: ATA Disk product: TOSHIBA DT01ACA1 vendor: Toshiba physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: MS2O serial: 13EJ81XPS size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=0005b3dd *-disk description: ATA Disk product: TOSHIBA DT01ACA1 vendor: Toshiba physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb version: MS2O serial: 13OX3TKPS size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=00030e86 and fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00030e86 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 4096 41947135 20971520 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 41947136 1952468991 955260928 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb3 1952468992 1953519615 525312 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0005b3dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 4096 41947135 20971520 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 41947136 1952468991 955260928 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 1952468992 1953519615 525312 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md2: 978.2 GB, 978187124736 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 238815216 cylinders, total 1910521728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 21.5 GB, 21474770944 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 5242864 cylinders, total 41942912 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table is it possible to mount both drives to say /Home/ so I would have 2TB of usable space?

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  • How to mount an external HDD?

    - by Slash
    I have Ubuntu Linux 12.04 version the latest right now.I want to mount an external HDD NTFS 1TB.I have followed many guides but still no success.The error I'm getting is this: Failed to read last sector (1953523119): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sdb1': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sdb1' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around? Using Storage Device MAnager i get this error:Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: mount: only root can mount /dev/sdb1 on /media/Skliros_Diskos {external disk name} When I use sudo fdisk -l, this is the output: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e0bc6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 618854399 309426176 83 Linux /dev/sda2 618856446 625141759 3142657 5 Extended /dev/sda5 618856448 625141759 3142656 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121600 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002093a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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  • Tell Us Once&ndash;Guardian Innovation Award Winner

    - by BizTalk Visionary
    Yesterday the Tell Us Once project received it’s latest accolade. My partner in crime in the execution of the delivery of software for this project, Mark Usher,  reports: It’s always great to receive recognition for the effort you put in when working on a project. It’s no secret that here at Solidsoft we are extremely proud of our association with the Government’s Tell Us Once (TUO) programme. Having already been selected by Microsoft as Worldwide Partner Conference (WPC) 2011 Award Winners for Application Integration, we are very pleased that the TUO programme as a whole has been recognised and has won the Guardian Newspaper’s Innovation Nation Award for Frontline Services (link to http://www.guardian.co.uk/innovation-nation-awards )  The TUO entry was judged the winner over three other shortlisted solutions from Dyfed Powys Police, North Yorkshire County Council and Staffordshire County Council. Innovation Nation is a partnership between Virgin Media Business and the Guardian, an initiative to uncover the most innovative businesses, public sector organisations and charities in the UK today.  Its aim is to showcase the ideas, the endeavour and the energy that are making things better in the areas of customer service, unique working practices, frontline government services and collaboration. Solidsoft have been involved with the Tell Us Once programme since its inception in 2007 and worked closely with the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) to produce a business case for the programme. Teaming up with Atos (who host the application) Solidsoft delivered the first national solution in 2011 and a second phase in April 2012. Whilst currently restricted to distributing citizen data to central government organisations and local government authorities, DWP is now actively engaging with the private sector to see if TUO data can be disclosed to private sector organisations such as banks and building societies. Solidsoft welcome this expansion into the private sector where even more efficiencies will be realised. Mark Usher - Solidsoft Sales and Marketing Director For my part I’d like to say a big thank you to the Solidsoft Team, ATOS team and DWP team that made it happen.

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  • What is the recommended way to empty a SSD?

    - by Lekensteyn
    I've just received my new SSD since the old one died. This Intel 320 SSD supports TRIM. For testing purposes, my dealer put malware, err, Windows on it. I want to get rid of it and install Kubuntu on it. It does not have to be a "secure wipe", I just need the empty the disk in the mosy healthy way. I believe that dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda just fills the blocks with zeroes and thereby taking another write (correct me if I'm wrong). I've seen the answer How to enable TRIM, but it looks like it's suited for clearing empty blocks, not wiping the disk. hdparm seems to be the program to do it, but I'm not sure if it clears the disk OR cleans empty blocks. From its manual page: --trim-sector-ranges For Solid State Drives (SSDs). EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!! Tells the drive firmware to discard unneeded data sectors, destroying any data that may have been present within them. This makes those sectors available for immediate use by the firmware's garbage collection mechanism, to improve scheduling for wear-leveling of the flash media. This option expects one or more sector range pairs immediately after the option: an LBA starting address, a colon, and a sector count, with no intervening spaces. EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!! E.g. hdparm --trim-sector-ranges 1000:4 7894:16 /dev/sdz How can I make all blocks appear as empty using TRIM?

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  • Open World 2012

    - by jeffrey.waterman
    For those of you fortunate enough to be attending this year's Oracle OpenWorld here is a sessions I recommend carving time out of your hectic schedule to attend: Public Sector General Session (session ID#: GEN8536) Wednesday, October 3, 10:15 a.m.–11:15 a.m., Westin San Francisco, Metropolitan III Room Speakers, Mark Johnson, SVP Oracle Public Sector; Peter Doolan, CTO Oracle Public Sector; Robert Livingston, founding partner of Livingston Group and former member of the US Congress. Join Mark Johnson for an update on Oracle in government. Mark will be joined by Peter Doolan and Robert Livingston to discuss current topics facing governments and how Oracle can help organizations achieve their goals. I'll be posting more interesting sessions as I peruse the conference agenda over the next week or so.  If you see an interesting session, please feel free to share your suggestions in the comments section.

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  • Reading Partition Start and End in TestDisk

    - by neanderslob
    I'm using TestDisk in an attempt to recover a partition gone terribly awry. Identifying the partition in question should simply be a matter of simply recognizing the location in the disk that it occupies. Since I know the location of the partition in question from GParted, I need to translate that over to the format that TestDisk uses, which I can't quite figure out. GParted gives the First and Last sectors as follows: First Sector: 1708032 Last Sector: 54637719 Total sector: 52929688 Test Disk gives the partitions in the following way: Start: 1691 110 20 End: 4986 39 5 Size in Sectors: 52929688 My question is: how do I translate the location specified in GParted to that in TestDisk? See the following image for any contextual clarification you might need:

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  • A big flat text file or a HTML site for language documentation?

    - by Bad Sector
    A project of mine is a small embeddable Tcl-like scripting language, LIL. While i'm mostly making it for my own use, i think it is interesting enough for others to use, so i want it to have a nice (but not very "wordy") documentation. So far i'm using a single flat readme.txt file. It explains the language's syntax, features, standard functions, how to use the C API, etc. Also it is easy to scan and read in almost every environment out there, from basic text-only terminals to full-fledged high-end graphical desktop environments. However, while i tried to keep things nicely formatted (as much as this is possible in plain text), i still think that being a big (and growing) wall of text, it isn't as easy on the eyes as it could be. Also i feel that sometimes i'm not writing as much as i want in order to avoid expanding the text too much. So i thought i could use another project of mine, QuHelp, which is basically a help site generator for sites like this one with a sidebar that provides a tree of topics/subtopics and offline full text search. With this i can use HTML to format the documentation and if i use QuHelp for some other project that uses LIL, i can import LIL's documentation as part of the other project's documentation. However converting the existing documentation to QuHelp/HTML isn't a small task, especially when it comes to functions (i'll need to put more detail on them than what currently exists in the readme.txt file). Also it loses the wide range of availability that it currently has (even if QuHelp's generated code degrades gracefully down to console-only web browsers, plain text is readable from everywhere, including from popular editors such as Vim and Emacs - i had someone once telling me that he likes LIL's documentation because it is readable without leaving his editor). So, my question is simply this: should i keep the documentation as it is now in the form of a single readme.txt file or should i convert it to something like the site i mentioned above? There is also the option to do both, but i'm not sure if i'll be able to always keep them in sync or if it is worth the effort. After asking around in IRC i've got mixed answers: some liked the wide availability of the single text file, others said that it is looks as bad as a man page (personally i don't mind that - i can read man pages just fine - but other people might have issues reading them). What do you think?

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  • No sound lenovo t60 alsa ad1981 iec958

    - by Nate
    Any help on getting the sound to come through my lenovo t60 build in speakers, headphones, or mic would greatly be appreciated. The three buttons to increase, decrease sound seem to work. Bios has sound card enabled and the buttons beep when pressed. When going to Utube or playing music, no sound is heard. Thanks Nate Feb 23 - Didn't see anything specific in the sys logs with Rhythmbox when connecting my ipod. Rhythmbox is playing, but still no sound. Here is the syslog details for today. Output is set to analog output. Feb 23 17:42:32 itgis01398 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.2.0" x-pid="824" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed, type 'lightweight'. Feb 23 17:42:33 itgis01398 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.2.0" x-pid="824" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed, type 'lightweight'. Feb 23 17:42:49 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Job `cron.daily' terminated Feb 23 17:42:49 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Job `cron.weekly' started Feb 23 17:42:49 itgis01398 anacron[12067]: Updated timestamp for job `cron.weekly' to 2011-02-23 Feb 23 17:42:53 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Job `cron.weekly' terminated Feb 23 17:42:53 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Normal exit (2 jobs run) Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.324067] usb 1-5: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.482879] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483061] usb-storage 1-5:1.0: Quirks match for vid 05ac pid 1205: 10 Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483116] scsi6 : usb-storage 1-5:1.0 Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483306] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483310] USB Mass Storage support registered. Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.481116] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Apple iPod 1.62 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.482466] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.485095] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.485110] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 7999487 512-byte logical blocks: (4.09 GB/3.81 GiB) Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.487933] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.487941] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 64 00 00 08 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.487947] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.489927] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.491150] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.491163] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.510428] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.511288] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.511297] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk Feb 23 18:01:21 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2733.746675] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) Feb 23 18:01:21 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2733.746682] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. Feb 23 18:01:22 itgis01398 upstart-udev-bridge[330]: Env must be KEY=VALUE pairs Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115826] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115835] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115844] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115855] Info fld=0x0 Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115859] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115870] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 08 fd e9 00 00 f0 00 Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115892] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 589289 Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351464] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351473] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351482] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351493] Info fld=0x0 Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351497] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351507] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 08 fe d9 00 00 10 00 Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351530] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 589529 Feb 23 18:17:01 itgis01398 CRON[12709]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) volume is all of the way up.

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  • Fresh Ubuntu Install - Grub not loading

    - by Ryan Sharp
    System Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit Windows 7 SP1 Samsung 64GB SSD - OS' Samsung 1TB HDD - Games, /Home, Swap WD 300'ishGB HDD - Backup Okay, so I'm very frustrated, so please excuse me if I miss anything out as my head is clouded by anger and impatience, etc. I'll try me best, though. First of all, I'll explain how I got to my predicament. I finally got my new SSD. I firstly installed Windows, which completed without a hitch. Afterwards, I tried to install Ubuntu, which failed several times due to problems irrelevant to this question, but I mention this to explain my frustrations, sorry. Anyway, I finally installed Ubuntu. However, I chose the 'bootloader' to be installed on the same partition as where I was installing the Ubuntu Root partition, as that was what I believed to be the best choice. It was of my thinking that it was supposed to go on the same partition and on the SSD, which is my OS drive, though with my problem, it apparently was wrong. So I tried to fix it by checking guides and following their directions, but seemed to have messed it up even more. Here is what I receive after I use the fdisk -l command: (I also added explanations for which I used each partition for) Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders, total 125045424 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x324971d1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 208896 48957439 24374272 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 48959486 125044735 38042625 5 Extended /dev/sda5 48959488 125044735 38042624 83 Linux sda1 --/ Windows Recovery sda2 --/ Windows 7 sda3/5 --/ Ubuntu root [ / ] Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc0ee6a69 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1024208894 1953523711 464657409 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 * 2048 1024206847 512102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb5 1024208896 1939851263 457821184 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1939853312 1953523711 6835200 82 Linux swap / Solaris sdb3 --/ Partition for Steam games, etc. sdb5 --/ Ubuntu Home [ /home ] sdb6 --/ Ubuntu Swap Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x292eee23 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 625141759 312569856 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT sdc1 --/ Generic backup I also used a Boot Script that other users suggested, so that I can give more details on my partitions and also where Grub is located... ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc. Now that is weird... Why would Grub2 be installed on both my SSD and HDD? Even weirder is why is Windows on the MBR of my backup hard drive? Nothing I did should have done that... Anyway, here is the entire Output from that script... PASTEBIN So, to summarize what I need: How can I fix my setup so grub loads on startup? How can I clean my partitions to remove unnecessary grubs? What did I do wrong so that I don't do something so daft again? Thank you so much for reading, and I hope you can help me. I've been trying to have a successful setup since Friday, and I'm almost at the point that I'm really tempted to throw my computer out the window due to my frustration.

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  • Failed to unmount partitions

    - by msknapp
    I'm trying to install ubuntu from a pen drive. I have windows 7 installed already and want to keep that installation. I have a 3TB drive that has one 2TB partition on it, so the last 1TB is completely unused, which is where I want to install ubuntu. I started ubuntu in "try ubuntu" mode and then opened gparted, and then deleted the unused partition for the last third of my drive, then tried to install ubuntu. During the install, it asked me if I wanted to unmount the drives I already have The installer has detected that the following disks have mounted partitions: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb Do you want the installer to try to unmount the partitions on these disks before continuing? If you leave them mounted, you will not be able to create, delete, or resize partitions on these disks, but you may be able to install to existing partitions there. No, Yes I said no because I don't want to lose my windows 7 installation, nor any of that data. I wonder, if I had said yes above, would I have lost all the data on those drives? Anyways, I hit no and continued. I chose to install ubuntu alongside windows 7, and hit continue. A few minutes passed when this popup appeared: Failed to unmount partitions The installer needs to commit changes to partition tables, but cannot do so because the partitions on the following mount points could not be unmounted: /media/ubuntu/Three\ Terabyte Drive Terabyte\ DriveDrive Please close any applications using these mount points. Would you like the installer to try to unmount these partitions again? Go Back, Continue Why is this not working? What am I supposed to do? ========== Update: I went ahead and said yes, it can unmount those partitions. It finished installing Ubuntu, but now when i start my machine it just takes me to the grub rescue prompt. Seems like it broke something. What can I do now? =============== Results of fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00027e14 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 976771071 488282112 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdc: 16.0 GB, 16008609792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1946 cylinders, total 31266816 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 32 31266815 15633392 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Disk /dev/sdd: 999.5 GB, 999501594624 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121515 cylinders, total 1952151552 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002ae3f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 2048 1952151551 976074752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

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  • How to use C to write to flash drive bootsector despite error 'Failed to open file to write.:Permiss

    - by updateraj
    My goal is to manipulate the boot-sector in my flashdrive (volume E:) I am using XP. I am able to read the boot-sector FILE *fp_read = fopen("\\\\.\\E:", "rb"); /* Able to proceed to read boot sector */ however i am not able to open the file to write using fopen in 'wb' mode. FILE *fp_read = fopen("\\\\.\\E:", "wb"); /* Unable to proceed due to Failed to open file to write.:Permission Denied */ The flash-drive is not in use at the moment of execution. Hex-editors are able to manipulated boot sector etc, i believe it possible to do so in c. Any suggestion or insight to overcome the access problem so as to be able to write?

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  • Referencing a control inside a XSL Template from code behind ?

    - by Mina Samy
    Hi all I have a custom NewItem.aspx that I made by creating a new aspx from the exisiting one I wanted to put a control in a row inside the XSL Template like this <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlSectors" AutoPostBack="true" runat="server" __designer:bind="{ddwrt:DataBind('i',ddlSectors,'SelectedValue','TextChanged','ID',ddwrt:EscapeDelims(string(@ID)),'@Sector')}"> </asp:DropDownList> <!--<SharePoint:FormField runat="server" id="ff7{$Pos}" ControlMode="New" FieldName="Sector" __designer:bind="{ddwrt:DataBind('i',concat('ff7',$Pos),'Value','ValueChanged','ID',ddwrt:EscapeDelims(string(@ID)),'@Sector')}"/>--> <SharePoint:FieldDescription runat="server" id="ff7description{$Pos}" FieldName="Sector" ControlMode="New"/> Now I want to reference ddlSectors from my code library but it always throws an object reference not set to an instatnce of an object. I believe that this is becuase the control is inside the XSL template. so is there any workaround for this ? thanks

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  • Database schema to store AND, OR relation, association

    - by user455387
    Many thanks for your help on this. In order for an entreprise to get a call for tender it must meet certain requirements. For the first example the enterprise must have a minimal class 4, and have qualification 2 in sector 5. Minimal class is always one number. Qualification can be anything (single, or multiple using AND, OR logical operators) I have created tables in order to map each number to it's given name. Now I need to store requirements in the database. minimal class 4 Sector Qualification 5.2 minimal class 2 Sector Qualifications 3.9 and 3.10 minimal class 3 Sector Qualifications 6.1 or 6.3 minimal class 1 Sector Qualifications (3.1 and 3.2) or 5.6 class Domain < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :domain_classes has_many :domain_sectors has_many :sector_qualifications, :through => :domain_sectors end class DomainClass < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :domain end class DomainSector < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :domain has_many :sector_qualifications end class SectorQualification < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :domain_sector end create_table "domains", :force => true do |t| t.string "name" end create_table "domain_classes", :force => true do |t| t.integer "number" t.integer "domain_id" end create_table "domain_sectors", :force => true do |t| t.string "name" t.integer "number" t.integer "domain_id" end create_table "sector_qualifications", :force => true do |t| t.string "name" t.integer "number" t.integer "domain_sector_id" end

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  • Transforming Government with ERP Solutions

    Liz La Rosa and Jerry Linden from Oracle's Public Sector Industry Strategy and Marketing team talk with Fred about the issues public sector managers face today and how governments can meet these challenges by using ERP systems to transform government operations.

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