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  • would a composite design pattern be useful for group membership?

    - by changokun
    I'm trying to think about the best way to handle group memberships on a website. People sign up and select checkboxes in a list of interests. Every week we send out interest-themed emails to those members that indicated that interest. however i store the information in the database, while i am working with the lists and generating lists of email addresses or manipulating group memberships, the composite design pattern looked interesting. it would be easy to populate the group, then do some aggregating functions that say... generate the list of email addresses based on the interests. but i'm not sure i'm seeing any other advantages. i do need something scalable, and flexible. thoughts?

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  • Are there any specific workflows or design patterns that are commonly used to create large functional programming applications?

    - by Andrew
    I have been exploring Clojure for a while now, although I haven't used it on any nontrivial projects. Basically, I have just been getting comfortable with the syntax and some of the idioms. Coming from an OOP background, with Clojure being the first functional language that I have looked very much into, I'm naturally not as comfortable with the functional way of doing things. That said, are there any specific workflows or design patterns that are common with creating large functional applications? I'd really like to start using functional programming "for real", but I'm afraid that with my current lack of expertise, it would result in an epic fail. The "Gang of Four" is such a standard for OO programmers, but is there anything similar that is more directed at the functional paradigm? Most of the resources that I have found have great programming nuggets, but they don't step back to give a broader, more architectural look.

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  • How to design Character,Game Background.,Which Software to use?

    - by TicTech
    Yesterday i Downloaded 4 GB of Videos & ZBrush for Character design but now i realize that i want to make 2D Character and background for my Android Game. so it was a waste for me i don't want to waste my other bandwidth and my Energy on some other Tut. So i am Here for a advice my Question is. 1.Which software to draw and color Character, making Background ? 2.Is there any Video Tut or Ebook for the software to draw Character .i know Basic of Photoshop i learned from Lynda Please help me i am experienced in Android SDK so that's not a prob. for me but in designing i don't know anything any Help will be Really Appreciated Thanks.

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  • Interface vs Abstract Class (general OO)

    - by Kave
    Hi, I have had recently two telephone interviews where I've been asked about the differences between an Interface and an Abstract class. I have explained every aspect of them I could think of, but it seems they are waiting for me to mention something specific, and I dont know what it is. From my experience I think the following is true, if i am missing a major point please let me know: Interface: Every single Method declared in an Interface will have to be implemented in the subclass. Only Events, Delegates, Properties (C#) and Methods can exist in a Interface. A class can implement multiple Interfaces. Abstract Class Only Abstract methods have to be implemented by the subclass. An Abstract class can have normal methods with implementations. Abstract class can also have class variables beside Events, Delegates, Properties and Methods. A class can only implement one abstract class only due non-existence of Multi-inheritance in C#. 1) After all that the interviewer came up with the question What if you had an Abstract class with only abstract methods, how would that be different from an interface? I didnt know the answer but I think its the inheritance as mentioned above right? 2) An another interviewer asked me what if you had a Public variable inside the interface, how would that be different than in Abstract Class? I insisted you can't have a public variable inside an interface. I didn't know what he wanted to hear but he wasn't satisfied either. Many Thanks for clarification, Kave See Also: When to use an interface instead of an abstract class and vice versa Interfaces vs. Abstract Classes How do you decide between using an Abstract Class and an Interface?

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  • Using a database class in my user class

    - by Josh
    In my project I have a database class that I use to handle all the MySQL stuff. It connects to a database, runs queries, catches errors and closes the connection. Now I need to create a members area on my site, and I was going to build a users class that would handle registration, logging in, password/username changes/resets and logging out. In this users class I need to use MySQL for obvious reasons... which is what my database class was made for. But I'm confused as to how I would use my database class in my users class. Would I want to create a new database object for my user class and then have it close whenever a method in that class is finished? Or do I somehow make a 'global' database class that can be used throughout my entire script (if this is the case I need help with that, no idea what to do there.) Thanks for any feedback you can give me.

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  • Using a datanase class in my user class?

    - by Josh
    In my project I have a database class that I use to handle all the MySQL stuff. It connects to a database, runs queries, catches errors and closes the connection. Now I need to create a members area on my site, and I was going to build a users class that would handle registration, logging in, password/username changes/resets and logging out. In this users class I need to use MySQL for obvious reasons... which is what my database class was made for. But I'm confused as to how I would use my database class in my users class. Would I want to create a new database object for my user class and then have it close whenever a method in that class is finished? Or do I somehow make a 'global' database class that can be used throughout my entire script (if this is the case I need help with that, no idea what to do there.) Thanks for any feedback you can give me.

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  • Design Code Outside of an IDE (C#)?

    - by ryanzec
    Does anyone design code outside of an IDE? I think that code design is great and all but the only place I find myself actually design code (besides in my head) is in the IDE itself. I generally think about it a little before hand but when I go to type it out, it is always in the IDE; no UML or anything like that. Now I think having UML of your code is really good because you are able to see a lot more of the code on one screen however the issue I have is that once I type it in UML, I then have to type the actual code and that is just a big duplicate for me. For those who work with C# and design code outside of Visual Studio (or at least outside Visual Studio's text editor), what tools do you use? Do those tools allow you to convert your design to actual skeleton code? It is also possible to convert code to the design (when you update the code and need an updated UML diagram or whatnot)?

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  • Can i access outer class objects in inner class

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    I have three classes like this. class A { public class innerB { //Do something } public class innerC { //trying to access objB here directly or indirectly over here. //I dont have to create an object of innerB, but to access the object created by A //i.e. innerB objInnerB = objB; //not like this innerB objInnerB= new innerB(); } public innerB objB{get;set;} } I want to access the object of class B in Class C that is created by class A. Is it possible somehow to make changes on object of Class A in Class C. Can i get Class A's object by creating event or anyhow.

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  • PHP Access property of a class from within a class instantiated in the original class.

    - by Iain
    I'm not certain how to explain this with the correct terms so maybe an example is the best method... $master = new MasterClass(); $master->doStuff(); class MasterClass { var $a; var $b; var $c; var $eventProccer; function MasterClass() { $this->a = 1; $this->eventProccer = new EventProcess(); } function printCurrent() { echo '<br>'.$this->a.'<br>'; } function doStuff() { $this->printCurrent(); $this->eventProccer->DoSomething(); $this->printCurrent(); } } class EventProcess { function EventProcess() {} function DoSomething() { // trying to access and change the parent class' a,b,c properties } } My problem is i'm not certain how to access the properties of the MasterClass from within the EventProcess-DoSomething() method? I would need to access, perform operations on and update the properties. The a,b,c properties will be quite large arrays and the DoSomething() method would be called many times during the execuction of the script. Any help or pointers would be much appreciated :)

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  • Linking a template class using another template class (error LNK2001)

    - by Luís Guilherme
    I implemented the "Strategy" design pattern using an Abstract template class, and two subclasses. Goes like this: template <class T> class Neighbourhood { public: virtual void alter(std::vector<T>& array, int i1, int i2) = 0; }; and template <class T> class Swap : public Neighbourhood<T> { public: virtual void alter(std::vector<T>& array, int i1, int i2); }; There's another subclass, just like this one, and alter is implemented in the cpp file. Ok, fine! Now I declare another method, in another class (including neighbourhood header file, of course), like this: void lSearch(/*parameters*/, Neighbourhood<LotSolutionInformation> nhood); It compiles fine and cleanly. When starting to link, I get the following error: 1>SolverFV.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall lsc::Neighbourhood<class LotSolutionInformation>::alter(class std::vector<class LotSolutionInformation,class std::allocator<class LotSolutionInformation> > &,int,int)" (?alter@?$Neighbourhood@VLotSolutionInformation@@@lsc@@UAEXAAV?$vector@VLotSolutionInformation@@V?$allocator@VLotSolutionInformation@@@std@@@std@@HH@Z)

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  • How to refactor a Python “god class”?

    - by Zearin
    Problem I’m working on a Python project whose main class is a bit “God Object”. There are so friggin’ many attributes and methods! I want to refactor the class. So Far… For the first step, I want to do something relatively simple; but when I tried the most straightforward approach, it broke some tests and existing examples. Basically, the class has a loooong list of attributes—but I can clearly look over them and think, “These 5 attributes are related…These 8 are also related…and then there’s the rest.” getattr I basically just wanted to group the related attributes into a dict-like helper class. I had a feeling __getattr__ would be ideal for the job. So I moved the attributes to a separate class, and, sure enough, __getattr__ worked its magic perfectly well… At first. But then I tried running one of the examples. The example subclass tries to set one of these attributes directly (at the class level). But since the attribute was no longer “physically located” in the parent class, I got an error saying that the attribute did not exist. @property I then read up about the @property decorator. But then I also read that it creates problems for subclasses that want to do self.x = blah when x is a property of the parent class. Desired Have all client code continue to work using self.whatever, even if the parent’s whatever property is not “physically located” in the class (or instance) itself. Group related attributes into dict-like containers. Reduce the extreme noisiness of the code in the main class. For example, I don’t simply want to change this: larry = 2 curly = 'abcd' moe = self.doh() Into this: larry = something_else('larry') curly = something_else('curly') moe = yet_another_thing.moe() …because that’s still noisy. Although that successfully makes a simply attribute into something that can manage the data, the original had 3 variables and the tweaked version still has 3 variables. However, I would be fine with something like this: stooges = Stooges() And if a lookup for self.larry fails, something would check stooges and see if larry is there. (But it must also work if a subclass tries to do larry = 'blah' at the class level.) Summary Want to replace related groups of attributes in a parent class with a single attribute that stores all the data elsewhere Want to work with existing client code that uses (e.g.) larry = 'blah' at the class level Want to continue to allow subclasses to extend, override, and modify these refactored attributes without knowing anything has changed Is this possible? Or am I barking up the wrong tree?

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  • Object Oriented Design of a Small Java Game

    - by user2733436
    This is the problem i am dealing with. I have to make a simple game of NIM. I am learning java using a book so far i have only coded programs that deal with 2 classes. This program would have about 4 classes i guess including the main class. My problem is i am having a difficult time designing classes how they will interact with each other. I really want to think and use a object oriented approach. So the first thing i did was design the Pile CLASS as it seemed the easiest and made the most sense to me in terms of what methods go in it. Here is what i have got down for the Pile Class so far. package Nim; import java.util.Random; public class Pile { private int initialSize; public Pile(){ } Random rand = new Random(); public void setPile(){ initialSize = (rand.nextInt(100-10)+10); } public void reducePile(int x){ initialSize = initialSize - x; } public int getPile(){ return initialSize; } public boolean hasStick(){ if(initialSize>0){ return true; } else { return false; } } } Now i need help in designing the Player Class. By that i mean i am not asking for anyone to write code for me as that defeats the purpose of learning i was just wondering how would i design the player class and what would go on it. My guess is that the player class would contain method for choosing move for computer and also receiving the move human user makes. Lastly i am guessing in the Game class i am guessing the turns would be handeled. I am really lost right now so i was wondering if someone can help me think through this problem it would be great. Starting with the player class would be appreciated. I know there are some solutions for this problem online but i refuse to look at because i want to develop my own approach to such problems and i am confident if i can get through this problem i can solve other problems. I apologize if this question is a bit poor but in specific i need help in designing the Player class.

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  • Program Structure Design Tools? (Top Down Design)

    - by Lee Olayvar
    I have been looking to expand my methodologies to better involve Unit testing, and i stumbled upon Behavioral Driven Design (Namely Cucumber, and a few others). I am quite intrigued by the concept as i have never been able to properly design top down, only because keeping track of the design gets lost without a decent way to record it. So on that note, in a mostly language agnostic way, are there any useful tools out there i am (probably) unaware of? Eg, i have often been tempted to try building flow charts for my programs, but i am not sure how much that will help, and it seems a bit confusing to me how i could make a complex enough flow chart to handle the logic of a full program, and all its features.. ie, it just seems like flow charts would be limiting in the design scheme.. or possibly grow to an unmaintainable scale. BDD methods are nice, but with a system that is so tied to structure, tying into the language and unit testing seems like a must (for it to be worth it) and it seems to be hard to find something to work well with both Python and Java (my two main languages). So anyway.. on that note, any comments are much appreciated. I have searched around on here and it seems like top down design is a well discussed topic, but i haven't seen too much reference to tools themselves, eg, flow chart programs, etc. I am on Linux, if it matters (in the case of programs).

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  • How should I implement items that are normalized in the Database, in Object Oriented Design?

    - by Jonas
    How should I implement items that are normalized in the Database, in Object Oriented classes? In the database I have a big table of items and a smaller of groups. Each item belong to one group. This is how my database design look like: +----------------------------------------+ | Inventory | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ | Id | Name | Price | Quantity | GroupId | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ | 43 | Box | 34.00 | 456 | 4 | | 56 | Ball | 56.50 | 3 | 6 | | 66 | Tin | 23.00 | 14 | 4 | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ Totally 3000 lines +----------------------+ | Groups | +---------+------+-----+ | GroupId | Name | VAT | +---------+------+-----+ | 4 | Mini | 0.2 | | 6 | Big | 0.3 | +---------+------+-----+ Totally 10 lines I will use the OOP classes in a GUI, where the user can edit Items and Groups in the inventory. It should also be easy to do calculations with a bunch of items. The group information like VAT are needed for the calculations. I will write an Item class, but do I need a Group class? and if I need it, should I keep them in a global location or how do I access it when I need it for Item-calculations? Is there any design pattern for this case?

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  • Building a database class in PHP

    - by Sprottenwels
    I wonder if I should write a database class for my application, and if so, how to accomplish it? Over there on SO, a guy mentioned it should be written as an abstract class. However, I can't understand why this would be a benefit. Do I understand correctly, that if I would write an abstract class, every other class that methods will need a database connection, could simply extend this abstract class and have it's own database object? If so, how is this different from a "normal" class where I could instantiate an database object? Another method would be to completely forget about my own class and to instantiate a mysqli object on demand. What do you recommend?

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  • Is this kind of design - a class for Operations On Object - correct?

    - by Mithir
    In our system we have many complex operations which involve many validations and DB activities. One of the main Business functionality could have been designed better. In short, there were no separation of layers, and the code would only work from the scenario in which it was first designed at, and now there were more scenarios (like requests from an API or from other devices) So I had to redesign. I found myself moving all the DB code to objects which acts like Business to DB objects, and I've put all the business logic in an Operator kind of a class, which I've implemented like this: First, I created an object which will hold all the information needed for the operation let's call it InformationObject. Then I created an OperatorObject which will take the InformationObject as a parameter and act on it. The OperatorObject should activate different objects and validate or check for existence or any scenario in which the business logic is compromised and then make the operation according to the information on the InformationObject. So my question is - Is this kind of implementation correct? PS, this Operator only works on a single Business-wise Operation.

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  • Function returning a class containing a function returning a class

    - by Scott
    I'm working on an object-oriented Excel add-in to retrieve information from our ERP system's database. Here is an example of a function call: itemDescription = Macola.Item("12345").Description Macola is an instance of a class which takes care of database access. Item() is a function of the Macola class which returns an instance of an ItemMaster class. Description() is a function of the ItemMaster class. This is all working correctly. Items can be be stored in more than one location, so my next step is to do this: quantityOnHand = Macola.Item("12345").Location("A1").QuantityOnHand Location() is a function of the ItemMaster class which returns an instance of the ItemLocation class (well, in theory anyway). QuantityOnHand() is a function of the ItemLocation class. But for some reason, the ItemLocation class is not even being intialized. Public Function Location(inventoryLocation As String) As ItemLocation Set Location = New ItemLocation Location.Item = item_no Location.Code = inventoryLocation End Function In the above sample, the variable item_no is a member variable of the ItemMaster class. Oddly enough, I can successfully instantiate the ItemLocation class outside of the ItemMaster class in a non-class module. Dim test As New ItemLocation test.Item = "12345" test.Code = "A1" quantityOnHand = test.QuantityOnHand Is there some way to make this work the way I want? I'm trying to keep the API as simple as possible. So that it only takes one line of code to retrieve a value.

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  • Using a class within a class?

    - by Josh
    I built myself a MySQL class which I use in all my projects. I'm about to start a project that is heavily based on user accounts and I plan on building my own class for this aswell. The thing is, a lot of the methods in the user class will be MySQL queries and methods from the MySQL class. For example, I have a method in my user class to update someone's password: class user() { function updatePassword($usrName, $newPass) { $con = mysql_connect('db_host', 'db_user', 'db_pass'); $sql = "UPDATE users SET password = '$newPass' WHERE username = '$userName'"; $res = mysql_query($sql, $con); if($res) return true; mysql_close($con); } } (I kind of rushed this so excuse any syntax errors :) ) As you can see that would use MySQL to update a users password, but without using my MySQL class, is this correct? I see no way in which I can use my MySQL class within my users class without it seeming dirty. Do I just use it the normal way like $DB = new DB();? That would mean including my mysql.class.php somewhere too... I'm quite confused about this, so any help would be appreciated, thanks.

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  • Identifying that a variable is a new-style class in Python?

    - by Dave Johansen
    I'm using Python 2.x and I'm wondering if there's a way to tell if a variable is a new-style class? I know that if it's an old-style class that I can do the following to find out. import types class oldclass: pass def test(): o = oldclass() if type(o) is types.InstanceType: print 'Is old-style' else: print 'Is NOT old-style' But I haven't been able to find anything that works for new-style classes. I found this question, but the proposed solutions don't seem to work as expected, because simple values as are identified as classes. import inspect def newclass(object): pass def test(): n = newclass() if inspect.isclass(n): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if inspect.isclass(type(n)): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if inspect.isclass(type(1)): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if isinstance(n, object): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if isinstance(1, object): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' So is there anyway to do something like this? Or is everything in Python just a class and there's no way to get around that?

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  • How to get a Class literal from a generically specific Class

    - by h2g2java
    There are methods like these which require Class literals as argument. Collection<EmpInfo> emps = SomeSqlUtil.select( EmpInfo.class, "select * from emps"); or GWT.create(Razmataz.class); The problem presents itself when I need to supply generic specific classes like EmpInfo<String> Razmataz<Integer> The following would be wrong syntax Collection<EmpInfo<String>> emps = SomeSqlUtil.select( EmpInfo<String>.class, "select * from emps"); or GWT.create(Razmataz<Integer>.class); Because you cannot do syntax like Razmataz<Integer>.class So, how would I be able to squeeze a class literal out of EmpInfo<String> Razmataz<Integer> so that I could feed them as arguments to methods requiring Class literals? Further info Okay, I confess that I am asking this primarily for GWT. I have a pair of GWT RPC interface Razmataz. (FYI, GWT RPC interface has to be defined in server-client pairs). I plan to use the same interface pair for communicating whether it be String, Integer, Boolean, etc. GWT.create(Razmataz) for Razmataz<T> complains that, since I did not specify T, GWT compiler treated it as Object. Then GWT compiler would not accept Object class. It needs to be more specific than being an Object. So, it seems there is no way for me to tell GWT.create what T is because a Class literal is a runtime concept while generics is a compile time concept, Right?

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  • Getting the class of an n dimensional array of an runtime supplied class name

    - by MeBigFatGuy
    Given a fully qualified class name, and a number of dimensions, i would like to get the Class name for this class. I believe i can do this like such public Class<?> getArrayClass(String className, int dimensions) throws ClassNotFoundException { Class<?> elementType = Class.forName(className); return Array.newInstance(elementType, new int[dimensions]).getClass(); } However this requires me to create an unneeded instance of the class. Is there a way to do this without creating the instance? It does not appear that Class.forName("[[[[Ljava/lang/String;") (or a algorithmically generated version) works correctly in all instances from various blog posts i've seen.

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  • Returning and instance of a Class given its .class (MyClass.class)

    - by jax
    I have an enum that will hold my algorithms. I cannot instantiate these classes because I need the application context which is only available once the application has started. I want to load the class at runtime when I choose by calling getAlgorithm(Context cnx). How do I easily instantiate a class at runtime given its .class (and my constructor takes arguments)? All my classes are subclasses of Algorithm. public enum AlgorithmTypes { ALL_FROM_9_AND_LAST_FROM_10_ID(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class), ALL_FROM_9_AND_LAST_FROM_10_CURRENCY_ID(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class), DIVIDE_BY_9_LESS_THAN_100(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class), TABLES_BEYOND_5_BY_5(AlgorithmFactory.AlgorithmAllFrom9AndLastFrom10Impl.class); private Class<? extends Algorithm> algorithm; AlgorithmTypes(Class<? extends Algorithm> c) { algorithm = c; } public Algorithm getAlgorithm(Context cnx) { return //needs to return the current algoriths constructor which takes the Context Algorithm(Context cnx); } }

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