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  • How to extend this design for a generic converter in java?

    - by Jay
    Here is a small currency converter piece of code: public enum CurrencyType { DOLLAR(1), POUND(1.2), RUPEE(.25); private CurrencyType(double factor) { this.factor = factor; } private double factor; public double getFactor() { return factor; } } public class Currency { public Currency(double value, CurrencyType type) { this.value = value; this.type = type; } private CurrencyType type; private double value; public CurrencyType getCurrencyType() { return type; } public double getCurrencyValue() { return value; } public void setCurrenctyValue(double value){ this.value = value; } } public class CurrencyConversion { public static Currency convert(Currency c1, Currency c2) throws Exception { if (c1 != null && c2 != null) { c2.setCurrenctyValue(c1.getCurrencyValue() * c1.getCurrencyType().getFactor() * c2.getCurrencyType().getFactor()); return c2; } else throw new Exception(); } } I would like to improve this code to make it work for different units of conversion, for example: kgs to pounds, miles to kms, etc etc. Something that looks like this: public class ConversionManager<T extends Convertible> { public T convert(T c1, T c2) { //return null; } } Appreciate your ideas and suggestions.

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  • Design Pattern for Social Game Mission Mechanics

    - by Furkan ÇALISKAN
    When we want to design a mission sub-system like in the The Ville or Sims Social, what kind of design pattern / idea would fit the best? There may be relation between missions (first do this then this etc...) or not. What do you think sims social or the ville or any other social games is using for this? I'm looking for a best-practise method to contruct a mission framework for tha game. How the well-known game firms do this stuff for their large scale social facebook games? Giving missions to the players and wait players to complete them. when they finished the missions, providing a method to catch this mission complete events considering large user database by not using server-side not so much to prevent high-traffic / resource consumption. how should i design the database and server-client communication to achive this design condidering this trade-off.

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  • Design patterns: when to use and when to stop doing everything using patterns

    - by honeybadger
    This question arises due to comment of FredOverflow in my previous post. Design pattern used in projects I am quite confused by the comment. I know design pattern help in making code reusable and readable (may lack in efficiency a bit). But when to use design patterns and most importantly when to stop doing everything using patterns or carried away by it ? Any comments from you will be helpful. tagging programing languages too to cover broader audience.

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  • So, "Are Design Patterns Missing Language Features"?

    - by Eduard Florinescu
    I saw the answer to this question: How does thinking on design patterns and OOP practices change in dynamic and weakly-typed languages? There it is a link to an article with an outspoken title: Are Design Patterns Missing Language Features. But where you can get snippets that seem very objective and factual and that can be verified from experience like: PaulGraham said "Peter Norvig found that 16 of the 23 patterns in Design Patterns were 'invisible or simpler' in Lisp." and a thing that confirms what I recently seen with people trying to simulate classes in javascript: Of course, nobody ever speaks of the "function" pattern, or the "class" pattern, or numerous other things that we take for granted because most languages provide them as built-in features. OTOH, programmers in a purely PrototypeOrientedLanguage? might well find it convenient to simulate classes with prototypes... I am taking into consideration also that design patterns are a communcation tool and because even with my limited experience participating in building applications I can see as an anti-pattern(ineffective and/or counterproductive) for example forcing a small PHP team to learn GoF patterns for small to medium intranet app, I am aware that scale, scope and purpose can determine what is effective and/or productive. I saw small commercial applications that mixed functional with OOP and still be maintainable, and I don't know if many would need for example in python to write a singleton but for me a simple module does the thing. patterns So are there studies or hands on experience shared that takes into consideration, all this, scale and scope of project, dynamics and size of the team, languages and technologies, so that you don't feel that a (difficult for some)design pattern is there just because there isn't a simpler way to do it or that it cannot be done by a language feature?

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  • New book in the style of Advanced Programming Language Design by R. A. Finkel [closed]

    - by mfellner
    I am currently researching visual programming language design for a university paper and came across Advanced Programming Language Design by Raphael A. Finkel from 1996. Other, older discussions in the same vein on Stackoverflow have mentioned Language Implementation Patterns by Terence Parr and Programming Language Pragmatics* by Michael L. Scott. I was wondering if there is even more (and especially up-to-date) literature on the general topic of programming language design. *) http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~scott/pragmatics/

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  • Does TDD lead to the good design?

    - by Eugen Martynov
    I'm in transition from "writing unit tests" state to TDD. I saw as Johannes Brodwall creates quite acceptable design from avoiding any of architecture phase before. I'll ask him soon if it was real improvisation or he had some thoughts upfront. I also clearly understand that everyone has experience that prevents to write explicit design bad patterns. But after participating in code retreat I hardly believe that writing test first could save us from mistakes. But I also believe that tests after code will lead to mistakes much faster. So this night question is asking for people who is using TDD for a long time share their experience about results of design without upfront thinking. If they really practice it and get mostly suitable design. Or it's my small understanding about TDD and probably agile.

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  • Functional/nonfunctional requirements VS design ideas

    - by Nicholas Chow
    Problem domain Functional requirements defines what a system does. Non-Functional requirements defines quality attributes of what the system does as a whole.(performance, security, reliability, volume, useability, etc.) Constraints limits the design space, they restrict designers to certain types of solutions. Solution domain Design ideas , defines how the system does it. For example a stakeholder need might be we want to increase our sales, therefore we must improve the usability of our webshop so more customers will purchase, a requirement can be written for this. (problem domain) Design takes this further into the solution domain by saying "therefore we want to offer credit card payments in addition to the current prepayment option". My problem is that the transition phase from requirement to design seems really vague, therefore when writing requirements I am often confused whether or not I incorporated design ideas in my requirements, that would make my requirement wrong. Another problem is that I often write functional requirements as what a system does, and then I also specify in what timeframe it must be done. But is this correct? Is it then a still a functional requirement or a non functional one? Is it better to seperate it into two distinct requirements? Here are a few requirements I wrote: FR1 Registration of Organizer FR1 describes the registration of an Organizer on CrowdFundum FR1.1 The system shall display a registration form on the website. FR1.2 The system shall require a Name, Username, Document number passport/ID card, Address, Zip code, City, Email address, Telephone number, Bank account, Captcha code on the registration form when a user registers. FR1.4 The system shall display an error message containing: “Registration could not be completed” to the subscriber within 1 seconds after the system check of the registration form was unsuccessful. FR1.5 The system shall send a verification email containing a verification link to the subscriber within 30 seconds after the system check of the registration form was successful. FR1.6 The system shall add the newly registered Organizer to the user base within 5 seconds after the verification link was accessed. FR2 Organizer submits a Project FR2 describes the submission of a Project by an Organizer on CrowdFundum - FR2 The system shall display a submit Project form to the Organizer accounts on the website.< - FR2.3 The system shall check for completeness the Name of the Project, 1-3 Photo’s, Keywords of the Project, Punch line, Minimum and maximum amount of people, Funding threshold, One or more reward tiers, Schedule of when what will be organized, Budget plan, 300-800 Words of additional information about the Project, Contact details within 1 secondin after an Organizer submits the submit Project form. - FR2.8 The system shall add to the homepage in the new Projects category the Project link within 30 seconds after the system made a Project webpage - FR2.9 The system shall include in the Project link for the homepage : Name of the Project, 1 Photo, Punch line within 30 seconds after the system made a Project webpage. Questions: FR 1.1 : Have I incorporated a design idea here, would " the system shall have a registration form" be a better functional requirement? F1.2 ,2.3 : Is this not singular? Would the conditions be better written for each its own separate requirement FR 1.4: Is this a design idea? Is this a correct functional requirement or have I incorporated non functional(performance) in it? Would it be better if I written it like this: FR1 The system shall display an error message when check is unsuccessful. NFR: The system will respond to unsuccesful registration form checks within 1 seconds. Same question with FR 2.8 and 2.9. FR2.3: The system shall check for "completeness", is completeness here used ambigiously? Should I rephrase it? FR1.2: I added that the system shall require a "Captcha code" is this a functional requirement or does it belong to the "security aspect" of a non functional requirement. I am eagerly waiting for your response. Thanks!

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  • Good resources for language design

    - by Aaron Digulla
    There are lots of books about good web design, UI design, etc. With the advent of Xtext, it's very simple to write your own language. What are good books and resources about language design? I'm not looking for a book about compiler building (like the dragon book) but something that answers: How to create a grammar that is forgiving (like adding optional trailing commas)? Which grammar patterns cause problems for users of a language? How create a compact grammar without introducing ambiguities

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  • Design Patterns and their most common uses for them [closed]

    - by cable729
    Possible Duplicate: What are some programming design patterns that are useful in game development? As I'm returning to game dev, I've realized that I've lost a lot of the knowledge I had before. So now I'm looking at design patterns that I can use for my next project. One design pattern that I've seen a lot is the 'composition method,' which uses actors and components. Is that the right name for it? I'd like to look more at this and see what the advantages/pitfalls are. So what design patterns are out there, and what are the advantages/disadvantages to them?

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  • How to explain why design choices are good?

    - by Telastyn
    As I've become a better developer, I find that much of my design skill comes more from intuition than mechanical analysis. This is great. It lets me read code and get a feel for it quicker. It lets me translate designs between languages and abstractions much easier. And it let's me get stuff done faster. The downside is that I find it harder to explain to teammates (and worse, management) why a particular design is advantageous; especially teammates that are behind the times on best practices. "This design is more testable!" or "You should favor composition over inheritance." go right over their heads, and lead into the rabbit hole of me trying to clue everyone in to the last decade of software engineering advances. I'll get better at it with practice of course, but in the mean time it involves a lot of wasted time and/or bad design (that will lead to wasted time fixing it later). How can I better explain why a certain design is superior, when the benefits aren't completely obvious to the audience?

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  • Help with MVC design pattern?

    - by user3681240
    I am trying to build a java program for user login but I am not sure if my MVC design is accurate. I have the following classes: LoginControl - servlet LoginBean - data holder java class with private variables getters and setters LoginDAO - concrete java class where I am running my SQL queries and doing rest of the logical work. Connection class - java class just to connect to the database view - jsp to display the results html - used for form Is this how you design a java program based on MVC design pattern? Please provide some suggestions?

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  • How to add class to selective <li> in a generated menu

    - by Vikram
    Hi I am looking for a solution to add a class to every list item <li> which has a child item with a class of <span class="separator"> and a different class to <li> with an anchor link. I use Joomla and the menu is being generated somewhat like this: <ul class="menu"> <li class="item1"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li class="parent item59"><span class="separator"><span>Demo</span></span></li> <li class="item62"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>Article</span></a></li> <li id="current" class="parent active item27"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>CMS</span></a> <ul> <li class="item50"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>The News</span></a></li> <li class="item48"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>Web Links</span></a></li> <li class="item65"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> <li class="item49"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>News Feeds</span></a></li> <li class="item66"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> <li class="item67"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> <li class="item68"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> </ul> </li> <li class="item71"><span class="separator"><span>Help</span></span></li> </ul> What I want is to add class "anclink" or "seplink" to the <li> depending on their child item so that the final output looks like below. <ul class="menu"> <li class="item1 anclink"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li class="parent item59 seplink"><span class="separator"><span>Demo</span></span></li> <li class="item62 anclink"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>Article</span></a></li> <li id="current" class="parent active item27" anclink><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>CMS</span></a> <ul> <li class="item50 anclink"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>The News</span></a></li> <li class="item48 anclink"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>Web Links</span></a></li> <li class="item65 seplink"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> <li class="item49 anclink"><a href="<!-- link goes here -->"><span>News Feeds</span></a></li> <li class="item66 seplink"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> <li class="item67 seplink"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> <li class="item68 seplink"><span class="separator"><span /></span></li> </ul> </li> <li class="item71 seplink"><span class="separator"><span>Help</span></span></li> </ul> How can I achieve this using PHP or even a jQuery solution will be fine. Kindly help.

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  • New to Java and Spring. What are some good design principles for an inexperienced java developer like me?

    - by Imtiaz Ahmad
    I am learning Java and have written a few small useful programs. I am new to spring but have managed to understand the concept of dependency injection for decoupling. I'm trying to applying that in my development work in an enterprise setting. What are the 3 most important design patterns I should master (not for interview purposes but ones that I will use every day in as a good java developer)? Also what are some good java design considerations and practices in coding specifically in Java? My goal is write good decoupled and coherent programs that are easy to maintain that don't make me standout as a java rookie. Stuff like not beginning my package names with com. have already made me precariously visible in my team. But they know I have 2 years of coding experience and its not in java.

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  • Unsure how to come up with a good design

    - by Mewzer
    Hello there, I am having trouble coming up with a good design for a group of classes and was hoping that someone could give me some guidance on best practices. I have kept the classes and member functions generic to make the problem simpler. Essentially, I have three classes (lets call them A, B, and C) as follows: class A { ... int GetX( void ) const { return x; }; int GetY( void ) const { return y; }; private: B b; // NOTE: A "has-a" B int x; int y; }; class B { ... void SetZ( int value ) { z = value }; private: int z; C c; // NOTE: B "has-a" C }; class C { private: ... void DoSomething(int x, int y){ ... }; void DoSomethingElse( int z ){ ... }; }; My problem is as follows: Class A uses its member variables "x" and "y" a lot internally. Class B uses its member variable "z" a lot internally. Class B needs to call C::DoSomething(), but C::DoSomething() needs the values of X and Y in class A passed in as arguments. C::DoSomethingElse() is called from say another class (e.g. D), but it needs to invoke SetZ() in class B!. As you can see, it is a bit of a mess as all the classes need information from one another!. Are there any design patterns I can use?. Any ideas would be much appreciated ....

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  • What are the differences between abstract classes, interfaces, and when to use them

    - by user66662
    Recently I have started to wrap my head around OOP, and I am now to the point where the more I read about the differences between Abstract classes and Interfaces the more confused I become. So far, neither can be instantiated. Interfaces are more or less structural blueprints that determine the skeleton and abstracts are different by being able to partially develop code. I would like to learn more about these through my specific situation. Here is a link to my first question if you would like a little more background information: What is a good design model for my new class? Here are two classes I created: class Ad { $title; $description $price; function get_data($website){ } function validate_price(){ } } class calendar_event { $title; $description $start_date; function get_data($website){ //guts } function validate_dates(){ //guts } } So, as you can see these classes are almost identical. Not shown here, but there are other functions, like get_zip(), save_to_database() that are common across my classes. I have also added other classes Cars and Pets which have all the common methods and of course properties specific to those objects (mileage, weight, for example). Now I have violated the DRY principle and I am managing and changing the same code across multiple files. I intend on having more classes like boats, horses, or whatever. So is this where I would use an interface or abstract class? From what I understand about abstract classes I would use a super class as a template with all of the common elements built into the abstract class, and then add only the items specifically needed in future classes. For example: abstract class content { $title; $description function get_data($website){ } function common_function2() { } function common_function3() { } } class calendar_event extends content { $start_date; function validate_dates(){ } } Or would I use an interface and, because these are so similar, create a structure that each of the subclasses are forced to use for integrity reasons, and leave it up to the end developer who fleshes out that class to be responsible for each of the details of even the common functions. my thinking there is that some 'common' functions may need to be tweaked in the future for the needs of their specific class. Despite all that above, if you believe I am misunderstanding the what and why of abstracts and interfaces altogether, by all means let a valid answer to be stop thinking in this direction and suggest the proper way to move forward! Thanks!

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  • c++ defining a static member of a template class with type inner class pointer

    - by Jack
    I have a template class like here (in a header) with a inner class and a static member of type pointer to inner class template <class t> class outer { class inner { int a; }; static inner *m; }; template <class t> outer <t>::inner *outer <t>::m; when i want to define that static member i says "error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '*' token" on the last line (mingw32-g++ 3.4.5)

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  • Class.Class vs Namespace.Class for top level general use class libraries?

    - by Joan Venge
    Which one is more acceptable (best-practice)?: namespace NP public static class IO public static class Xml ... // extension methods using NP; IO.GetAvailableResources (); vs public static class NP public static class IO public static class Xml ... // extension methods NP.IO.GetAvailableResources (); Also for #2, the code size is managed by having partial classes so each nested class can be in a separate file, same for extension methods (except that there is no nested class for them) I prefer #2, for a couple of reasons like being able to use type names that are already commonly used, like IO, that I don't want to replace or collide. Which one do you prefer? Any pros and cons for each? What's the best practice for this case? EDIT: Also would there be a performance difference between the two?

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  • "Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation" when running android tests i

    - by Mike
    I have a module that builds an app called MyApp. I have another that builds some testcases for that app, called MyAppTests. They both build their own APKs, and they both work fine from within my IDE. I'd like to build them using ant so that I can take advantage of continuous integration. Building the app module works fine. I'm having difficulty getting the Test module to compile and run. Using Christopher's tip from a previous question, I used android create test-project -p MyAppTests -m ../MyApp -n MyAppTests to create the necessary build files to build and run my test project. This seems to work great (once I remove an unnecessary test case that it constructed for me and revert my AndroidManifest.xml to the one I was using before it got replaced by android create), but I have two problems. The first problem: The project doesn't compile because it's missing libraries. $ ant run-tests Buildfile: build.xml [setup] Project Target: Google APIs [setup] Vendor: Google Inc. [setup] Platform Version: 1.6 [setup] API level: 4 [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions. -install-tested-project: [setup] Project Target: Google APIs [setup] Vendor: Google Inc. [setup] Platform Version: 1.6 [setup] API level: 4 [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions. -compile-tested-if-test: -dirs: [echo] Creating output directories if needed... -resource-src: [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources... -aidl: [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes... compile: [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes -dex: [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes.dex... [echo] -package-resources: [echo] Packaging resources [aaptexec] Creating full resource package... -package-debug-sign: [apkbuilder] Creating MyApp-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key... [apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore debug: [echo] Running zip align on final apk... [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk install: [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk onto default emulator or device... [exec] 1567 KB/s (288354 bytes in 0.179s) [exec] pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyApp-debug.apk [exec] Success -compile-tested-if-test: -dirs: [echo] Creating output directories if needed... [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/gen [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes -resource-src: [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources... -aidl: [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes... compile: [javac] Compiling 5 source files to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:8: package com.google.gson does not exist [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonElement; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:9: package com.google.gson does not exist [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonParser; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:11: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase [javac] public class GsonTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:6: package roboguice.test does not exist [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:7: package roboguice.util does not exist [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboLooperThread; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:11: package com.google.gson does not exist [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonObject; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:15: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase [javac] public class HttpTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:12: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase [javac] public class LinksTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:5: package roboguice.util does not exist [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboAsyncTask; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:6: package roboguice.util does not exist [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboLooperThread; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:12: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase [javac] public class SafeAsyncTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectResource': class file for roboguice.inject.InjectResource not found [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectResource' [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView': class file for roboguice.inject.InjectView not found [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView' [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView' [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView' [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:15: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class JsonParser [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest [javac] final JsonParser parser = new JsonParser(); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:15: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class JsonParser [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest [javac] final JsonParser parser = new JsonParser(); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:18: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class JsonElement [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest [javac] final JsonElement e = parser.parse(s); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:20: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class JsonElement [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest [javac] final JsonElement e2 = parser.parse(s2); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:19: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method getInstrumentation() [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] assertEquals("MyApp", getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources().getString(com.myapp.R.string.app_name)); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:62: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:82: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertTrue(java.lang.String,boolean) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] assertTrue(result[0], result[0].contains("Search")); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:87: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class JsonObject [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] final JsonObject[] result = {null}; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:90: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:117: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class JsonObject [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] final JsonObject[] result = {null}; [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:120: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:27: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertTrue(boolean) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.LinksTest [javac] assertTrue(m.matches()); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:28: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertEquals(java.lang.String,java.lang.String) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.LinksTest [javac] assertEquals( map.get(url), m.group(1) ); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:19: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method getInstrumentation() [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] assertEquals("MyApp", getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getString(com.myapp.R.string.app_name)); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:27: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:65: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:74: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:105: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:113: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:144: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:154: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : class RoboLooperThread [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] new RoboLooperThread() { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:187: cannot find symbol [javac] symbol : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State) [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest [javac] assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:11: cannot access roboguice.activity.GuiceListActivity [javac] class file for roboguice.activity.GuiceListActivity not found [javac] public class StoriesTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<Stories> { [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:21: cannot access roboguice.application.GuiceApplication [javac] class file for roboguice.application.GuiceApplication not found [javac] setApplication( new MyApplication( getInstrumentation().getTargetContext() ) ); [javac] ^ [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:22: incompatible types [javac] found : com.myapp.activity.Stories [javac] required: android.app.Activity [javac] final Activity activity = startActivity(intent, null, null); [javac] ^ [javac] 39 errors [javac] 6 warnings BUILD FAILED /opt/local/android-sdk-mac/platforms/android-1.6/templates/android_rules.xml:248: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. Total time: 24 seconds That's not a hard problem to solve. I'm not sure it's the right thing to do, but I copied the missing libraries (roboguice and gson) from the MyApp/libs directory to the MyAppTests/libs directory and everything seems to compile fine. But that leads to the second problem, which I'm currently stuck on. The tests compile fine but they won't run: $ cp ../MyApp/libs/gson-r538.jar libs/ $ cp ../MyApp/libs/roboguice-1.1-SNAPSHOT.jar libs/ 0 10:23 /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests $ ant run-testsBuildfile: build.xml [setup] Project Target: Google APIs [setup] Vendor: Google Inc. [setup] Platform Version: 1.6 [setup] API level: 4 [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions. -install-tested-project: [setup] Project Target: Google APIs [setup] Vendor: Google Inc. [setup] Platform Version: 1.6 [setup] API level: 4 [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions. -compile-tested-if-test: -dirs: [echo] Creating output directories if needed... -resource-src: [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources... -aidl: [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes... compile: [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes -dex: [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes.dex... [echo] -package-resources: [echo] Packaging resources [aaptexec] Creating full resource package... -package-debug-sign: [apkbuilder] Creating MyApp-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key... [apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore debug: [echo] Running zip align on final apk... [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk install: [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk onto default emulator or device... [exec] 1396 KB/s (288354 bytes in 0.201s) [exec] pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyApp-debug.apk [exec] Success -compile-tested-if-test: -dirs: [echo] Creating output directories if needed... -resource-src: [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources... -aidl: [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes... compile: [javac] Compiling 5 source files to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes [javac] Note: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations. [javac] Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details. -dex: [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes.dex... [echo] -package-resources: [echo] Packaging resources [aaptexec] Creating full resource package... -package-debug-sign: [apkbuilder] Creating MyAppTests-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key... [apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore debug: [echo] Running zip align on final apk... [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/MyAppTests-debug.apk install: [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/MyAppTests-debug.apk onto default emulator or device... [exec] 1227 KB/s (94595 bytes in 0.075s) [exec] pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyAppTests-debug.apk [exec] Success run-tests: [echo] Running tests ... [exec] [exec] android.test.suitebuilder.TestSuiteBuilder$FailedToCreateTests:INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: shortMsg=Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation [exec] INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: longMsg=java.lang.IllegalAccessError: Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation [exec] INSTRUMENTATION_CODE: 0 BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 38 seconds Any idea what's causing the "Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation" error?

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  • in python: can i pass class method as and a default argument to another class method

    - by alex
    i want to to pass class method as and a default argument to another class method, so that i can re-use the method as a @classmethod @classmethod class foo: def func1(self,x): do somthing; def func2(self, aFunc = self.func1): # make some a call to afunc afunc(4) this why when the method func2 is called within the class aFunc defaults to self.func1, but i can call this same function from outside of the class and pass it a different function at the input. i get NameError: name 'self' is not defined

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  • Question about design (inheritance, polymorphism)

    - by Dan
    Hi, I have a question about a problem I'm struggling with. Hope you can bear with me. Imagine I have an Object class representing the base class of a hierarchy of physical objects. Later I inherit from it to create an Object1D, Object2D and Object3D classes. Each of these derived classes will have some specific methods and attributes. For example, the 3d object might have functionality to download a 3d model to be used by a renderer. So I'd have something like this: class Object {}; class Object1D : public Object { Point mPos; }; class Object2D : public Object { ... }; class Object3D : public Object { Model mModel; }; Now I'd have a separate class called Renderer, which simply takes an Object as argument and well, renders it :-) In a similar way, I'd like to support different kinds of renderers. For instance, I could have a default one that every object could rely on, and then provide other specific renderers for some kind of objects: class Renderer {}; // Default one class Renderer3D : public Renderer {}; And here comes my problem. A renderer class needs to get an Object as an argument, for example in the constructor in order to retrieve whatever data it needs to render the object. So far so good. But a Renderer3D would need to get an Object3D argument, in order to get not only the basic attributes but also the specific attributes of a 3d object. Constructors would look like this: CRenderer(Object& object); CRenderer3D(Object3D& object); Now how do I specify this in a generic way? Or better yet, is there a better way to design this? I know I could rely on RTTI or similar but I'd like to avoid this if possible as I feel there is probably a better way to deal with this. Thanks in advance!

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  • documenting class attributes

    - by intuited
    I'm writing a lightweight class whose attributes are intended to be publicly accessible, and only sometimes overridden in specific instantiations. There's no provision in the Python language for creating docstrings for class attributes, or any sort of attributes, for that matter. What is the accepted way, should there be one, to document these attributes? Currently I'm doing this sort of thing: class Albatross(object): """A bird with a flight speed exceeding that of an unladen swallow. Attributes: """ flight_speed = 691 __doc__ += """ flight_speed (691) The maximum speed that such a bird can attain. """ nesting_grounds = "Raymond Luxury-Yacht" __doc__ += """ nesting_grounds ("Raymond Luxury-Yacht") The locale where these birds congregate to reproduce. """ def __init__(**keyargs): """Initialize the Albatross from the keyword arguments.""" self.__dict__.update(keyargs) Although this style doesn't seem to be expressly forbidden in the docstring style guidelines, it's also not mentioned as an option. The advantage here is that it provides a way to document attributes alongside their definitions, while still creating a presentable class docstring, and avoiding having to write comments that reiterate the information from the docstring. I'm still kind of annoyed that I have to actually write the attributes twice; I'm considering using the string representations of the values in the docstring to at least avoid duplication of the default values. Is this a heinous breach of the ad hoc community conventions? Is it okay? Is there a better way? For example, it's possible to create a dictionary containing values and docstrings for the attributes and then add the contents to the class __dict__ and docstring towards the end of the class declaration; this would alleviate the need to type the attribute names and values twice. edit: this last idea is, I think, not actually possible, at least not without dynamically building the class from data, which seems like a really bad idea unless there's some other reason to do that. I'm pretty new to python and still working out the details of coding style, so unrelated critiques are also welcome.

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  • Method having an abstract class as a parameter

    - by Ferhat
    I have an abstract class A, where I have derived the classes B and C. Class A provides an abstract method DoJOB(), which is implemented by both derived classes. There is a class X which has methods inside, which need to call DoJOB(). The class X may not contain any code like B.DoJOB() or C.DoJOB(). Example: public class X { private A foo; public X(A concrete) { foo = concrete; } public FunnyMethod() { foo.DoJOB(); } } While instantiating class X I want to decide which derived class (B or C) must be used. I thought about passing an instance of B or C using the constructor of X. X kewl = new X(new C()); kewl.FunnyMethod(); //calls C.DoJOB() kewl = new X(new B()); kewl.FunnyMethod(); // calls B.DoJOB() My test showed that declaring a method with a parameter A is not working. Am I missing something? How can I implement this correctly? (A is abstract, it cannot be instantiated)

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  • Why can't we capture the design of software more effectively?

    - by Ira Baxter
    As engineers, we all "design" artifacts (buildings, programs, circuits, molecules...). That's an activity (design-the-verb) that produces some kind of result (design-the-noun). I think we all agree that design-the-noun is a different entity than the artifact itself. A key activity in the software business (indeed, in any business where the resulting product artifact needs to be enhanced) is to understand the "design (the-noun)". Yet we seem, as a community, to be pretty much complete failures at recording it, as evidenced by the amount of effort people put into rediscovering facts about their code base. Ask somebody to show you the design of their code and see what you get. I think of a design for software as having: An explicit specification for what the software is supposed to do and how well it does it An explicit version of the code (this part is easy, everybody has it) An explanation for how each part of the code serves to achieve the specification A rationale as to why the code is the way it is (e.g., why a particualr choice rather than another) What is NOT a design is a particular perspective on the code. For example [not to pick specifically on] UML diagrams are not designs. Rather, they are properties you can derive from the code, or arguably, properties you wish you could derive from the code. But as a general rule, you can't derive the code from UML. Why is it that after 50+ years of building software, why don't we have regular ways to express this? My personal opinion is that we don't have good ways to express this. Even if we do, most of the community seems so focused on getting "code" that design-the-noun gets lost anyway. (IMHO, until design becomes the purpose of engineering, with the artifact extracted from the design, we're not going to get around this). What have you seen as means for recording designs (in the sense I have described it)? Explicit references to papers would be good. Why do you think specific and general means have not been succesful? How can we change this?

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  • Class hierarchy problem in this social network model

    - by Gerenuk
    I'm trying to design a class system for a social network data model - basically a link/object system. Now I have roughly the following structure (simplified and only relevant methods shown) class Data: "used to handle the data with mongodb" "can link, unlink data and also return other linked data" "is basically a proxy object that only stores _id and accesses mongodb on requests" "it looks like {_id: ..., _out: [id1, id2,...], _inc: [id3, id4, ...]}" def get_node(self, id) "create a new Data object from the underlying mongodb" "each data object can potentially create a reference object to new mongo data" "this is needed when the data returns the linked objects" class Node: """ this class proxies linking calls to .data it includes additional network logic operations whereas Data only contains a basic database solution """ def __init__(self, data): "the infrastructure realization is stored as composition by an included object data" "Node bascially proxies most calls to the infrastructure object data" def get_node(self, data): "creates a new object of class Object or Link depending on data" class Object(Node): "can have multiple connections to Link" class Link(Node): "has one 'in' and one 'out' connection to an Object" This system is working, however maybe wouldn't work outside Python. Note that after reading links Now I have two questions here: 1) I want to infrastructure of the data storage to be replacable. Earlier I had Data as a superclass of Node so that it provided the neccessary calls. But (without dirty Python tricks) you cannot replace the superclass dynamically. Is using composition therefore recommended? The drawback is that I have to proxy most calls (link, unlink etc). Any thoughts? 2) The class Node contains the common method .get_node which is used to built new Object or Link instances after reading out the data. Some attribute of data decided whether the object which is only stored by id should be instantiated as an Object or Link class. The problem here is that Node needs to know about Object and Link in advance, which seems dodgy. Do you see a different solution? Both Object and Link need to instantiate one of all possible types depending on what the find in their linked data. Are there any other ideas how to implement a flexible Object/Link structure where the underlying database storage is isolated?

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  • (Database Design - products attributes): What is better option for product attribute database design

    - by meyosef
    Hi, I new in database design. What is better option for product attribute database design for cms?(Please suggest other options also). option 1: 1 table products{ id product_name color price attribute_name1 attribute_value1 attribute_name2 attribute_value2 attribute_name3 attribute_value3 } option 2: 3 tables products{ id product_name color price } attribute{ id name value } products_attribute{ products_id attribute_id } Thanks, Yosef

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