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  • How to discover classes with [Authorize] attributes using Reflection in C#? (or How to build Dynamic

    - by Pretzel
    Maybe I should back-up and widen the scope before diving into the title question... I'm currently writing a web app in ASP.NET MVC 1.0 (although I do have MVC 2.0 installed on my PC, so I'm not exactly restricted to 1.0) -- I've started with the standard MVC project which has your basic "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC" and shows both the [Home] tab and [About] tab in the upper-right corner. Pretty standard, right? I've added 4 new Controller classes, let's call them "Astronomer", "Biologist", "Chemist", and "Physicist". Attached to each new controller class is the [Authorize] attribute. For example, for the BiologistController.cs [Authorize(Roles = "Biologist,Admin")] public class BiologistController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } } These [Authorize] tags naturally limit which user can access different controllers depending on Roles, but I want to dynamically build a Menu at the top of my website in the Site.Master Page based on the Roles the user is a part of. So for example, if JoeUser was a member of Roles "Astronomer" and "Physicist", the navigation menu would say: [Home] [Astronomer] [Physicist] [About] And naturally, it would not list links to "Biologist" or "Chemist" controller Index page. Or if "JohnAdmin" was a member of Role "Admin", links to all 4 controllers would show up in the navigation bar. Ok, you prolly get the idea... Starting with the answer from this StackOverflow topic about Dynamic Menu building in ASP.NET, I'm trying to understand how I would fully implement this. (I'm a newbie and need a little more guidance, so please bare with me.) The answer proposes Extending the Controller class (call it "ExtController") and then have each new WhateverController inherit from ExtController. My conclusion is that I would need to use Reflection in this ExtController Constructor to determine which Classes and Methods have [Authorize] attributes attached to them to determine the Roles. Then using a Static Dictionary, store the Roles and Controllers/Methods in key-value pairs. I imagine it something like this: public class ExtController : Controller { protected static Dictionary<Type,List<string>> ControllerRolesDictionary; protected override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext) { // build list of menu items based on user's permissions, and add it to ViewData IEnumerable<MenuItem> menu = BuildMenu(); ViewData["Menu"] = menu; } private IEnumerable<MenuItem> BuildMenu() { // Code to build a menu SomeRoleProvider rp = new SomeRoleProvider(); foreach (var role in rp.GetRolesForUser(HttpContext.User.Identity.Name)) { } } public ExtController() { // Use this.GetType() to determine if this Controller is already in the Dictionary if (!ControllerRolesDictionary.ContainsKey(this.GetType())) { // If not, use Reflection to add List of Roles to Dictionary // associating with Controller } } } Is this doable? If so, how do I perform Reflection in the ExtController constructor to discover the [Authorize] attribute and related Roles (if any) ALSO! Feel free to go out-of-scope on this question and suggest an alternate way of solving this "Dynamic Site.Master Menu based on Roles" problem. I'm the first to admit that this may not be the best approach.

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  • How to make Dropdown menu using :hover on <a> in place of hover on <ul>?

    - by metal-gear-solid
    IE 6 only support :Hover on <a> then can we make css drop down using :hover on <a> http://htmldog.com/articles/suckerfish/dropdowns/ This example use JavaScript to add hover on LI 'sfhover' class to li elements in the 'nav' id'd ul element when they are 'moused over' and removes it, using a regular expression, when 'moused out'. So now we've got the Suckerfish pumping out new classes, the next step is to simply duplicate the :hover selector with 'sfhover' class selectors:

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  • designing classes and objects in .net for a restaurant assignment

    - by Dell Boy
    I have received an assignment at School for creating a Restaurant site. I have to use objects and classes (OOP) for my assignment. I have the foundations of the OOP in .net, but what I don't know is how can I design this assignment to be object-oriented. I don't know how to start it. The requirement is like this: The menu has to be saved in a database and retrieved from it. The menu is devided in appetizers, Salades, Main Meal, Pastas, Wines, Beverages, Extras, Do I create classes like this: Base Class: Menu Derived classes: Appetizers, Salades, Main meal, Pastas, wines, etc. If you have a good example about how to create classes from a Menu that will be great. You don't have to rely on the example I gave above. The menu can be anything. I can deside what the menu will contain. thanks a lot. I am waiting for some help. Please

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  • hi this is my css horizontal menu i need the submeus for this?

    - by kalaivani
    /* CSS Document */ . rhm1{ width:780px; height:64px; margin:0 auto; background:url(images/rhm1_bg.g if) repeat-x; } .rhm1-left{ background:url(images/rhm1_l.gi f) no-repeat; width:15px; height:64px; float:left; } .rhm1-right{ background:url(images/rhm1_r.gi f) no-repeat; width:15px; height:64px; float:right; } .rhm1-bg{ background:url(images/rhm1_bg.g if) repeat-x; height:64px; } .rhm1-bg ul{ list-style:none; margin:0 auto; } .rhm1-bg li{ float:left; list-style:none; } .rhm1-bg li a{ float:left; display:block; color:#ffe8cc; text-decoration:none; font:12px 'Lucida Sans', sans-serif; font-weight:bold; padding:0 0 0 18px; height:64px; line-height:40px; text-align:center; cursor:pointer; } .rhm1-bg li a span{ float:left; display:block; padding:0 32px 0 18px; } .rhm1-bg li.current a{ color:#fff; background:url(images/rhm1_hove r_l.gif) no-repeat left 5px; } .rhm1-bg li.current a span{ color:#fff; background:url(images/rhm1_hove r_r.gif) no-repeat right 5px; } .rhm1-bg li a:hover{ color:#fff; background:url(images/rhm1_hove r_l.gif) no-repeat left 5px; } .rhm1-bg li a:hover span{ color:#fff; background:url(images/rhm1_hove r_r.gif) no-repeat right 5px; }

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  • C++ - Access array (in main) from methods outside main

    - by John Smith
    I have an array in my main class that holds objects that I need to print out for a menu listing. The array is declared and initialized in main. I need to, however, access the same array in a sub-menu function. If I copy the code (for loop that prints out the values) to the sub-menu, nothing is printed (presumably because it can't access the original array and has made a new, blank one). Is there any way (without making the array a global variable) that I can access the array in this sub-menu? Both the main and the sub-menu function are in the same file and the sub-menu is called from main. Maybe to put it more simply, can I use scope resolution to bring me up one 'level' in scope?

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  • How to automatically select the selected item in list menu after submitting the form?

    - by SzamDev
    Hi I have this code : <form id="form2" name="form2" method="post" action=""> <table dir="ltr" width="554" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td width="269" class="da"><div align="center"><span id="spryselect1"> <select onchange="form2.submit()" name="mpage" id="mpage"> <option selected="selected" value="no">-----------</option> <option value="medmo">Medmo.com</option> <option value="paris">Paris.com</option> <option value="imo">IMO.com</option> </select> </span></div></td> <td width="214" class="t_b">Select Website</td> </tr> </table> </form> When the user select a value, the form will automatically submit, I want the item that the user has selected to be selected after submitting the form. Because I am facing this proplem: The user select the first item (Medmo.com) - form submit - selected item will be "-------" I want this to happen : The user select the first item (Medmo.com) - form submit - selected item will be "Medmo.com" How I can do that? Thanks in Advance.

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  • current page highlights on child pages

    - by user557318
    Im trying to achieve current page highlights on wordpress similar to this site Alex Soth. I'm very nearly there with my css. At present i have current page highlights on pages, ie. home,calendar, projects. However when it come to current page highlights on child pages i have a problem. the indented child page list appears on hover when selecting a child page, but after page selection the menu reverts back to the standard pages menu with no visible child menus? unlike the link to the Alex Soth site where the extended menu stays and current page is highlighted I know that the answer will be a simple piece of css involving current_page_item and possible position:relative to obtain the menu staying visible after selection. But i can for the life of me work it out. Any ideas Ive attached my relivant pieces of css below?? thanks /* =Link Styles ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ input#submit { cursor: pointer; } input#searchsubmit { background: url(images/search.png) no-repeat center; } input#searchsubmit:hover { background: url(images/search.png) no-repeat center #3399FF !important; cursor: pointer; } .navigation a:hover, input#submit { background: #3399FF; color: #3399FF !important; } a { color: #666; } a:hover, a:hover span { color: #c11501 !important;background-color: #fae100; } .entry sup a, #main_nav .current_page_item a, #main_nav .current_page_ancestor a { color: #666 !important; } #main_nav h1.masthead a { color: #666; } #main_nav h1.masthead a:hover { border-right: none; } h2 a, #main_nav a { color: #3399FF; } img a, img a:hover { text-decoration: none; } .post a, .navigation a { font-weight: bold; color: #000; } .navigation a { background: #EEE; color: #666; font-weight: normal; padding: 3px 0px; border-radius: 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 0px; -moz-border-radius: 0px; } .post sup { font-size: 11px; color: #aaa; } .post sup a { border: 0; margin: 0; font-weight: normal; font-size: 10px; } #supplementary .post_nav ul.about_nav li a, #supplementary .post_nav ul.single_post_meta a, #supplementary ul.contact_key li a { color: #888888; border-bottom: 0; } /* =Main Menu ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #main_nav ul.menu li { position: relative; } #main_nav ul.menu li:hover ul.sub-menu, #main_nav ul.menu li:hover ul.children { display: block; }

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  • How to access the map returned by IParameterValues::getParameterValues()?

    - by Hua
    I declared a command and a commandParameter for this command. I specified the "values" of this commandParameter as a class implemented by myself. The implementation of this class is below, public class ParameterValues implements IParameterValues { @Override public Map<String, Double> getParameterValues() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Map<String, Double> values = new HashMap<String, Double>(2); values.put("testParam", 1.1239); values.put("AnotherTest", 4.1239); return values; } } The implementation of the handler of this command is blow, public class testHandler extends AbstractHandler implements IHandler { private static String PARAMETER_ID = "my.parameter1"; @Override public Object execute(ExecutionEvent event) throws ExecutionException { String value = event.getParameter(PARAMETER_ID); MessageDialog.openInformation(HandlerUtil.getActiveShell(event), "Test", "Parameter ID: " + PARAMETER_ID + "\nValue: " + value); return null; } } Now, I contribute the command to a menu, <menuContribution locationURI="menu:org.eclipse.ui.main.menu"> <menu id="my.edit" label="Edit"> <command commandId="myCommand.test" label="Test1"> <parameter name="my.parameter1" value="testParam"> </parameter> </command> Since I specified a "values" class for the commandParater, I expect when the menu is clicked, this code line "String value = event.getParameter(PARAMETER_ID);" in the handler class returns 1.1239 instead of "testParam". But, I still see that code line returns "testParam". What's the problem? How could I access the map returned by getParameterValues()? By the way, following menu declaration still works even I don't define "ppp" in the map. <menuContribution locationURI="menu:org.eclipse.ui.main.menu"> <menu id="my.edit" label="Edit"> <command commandId="myCommand.test" label="Test1"> <parameter name="my.parameter1" value="ppp"> </parameter> </command> Thanks!

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  • FF extension. how to show data extracted in a javascript function to the dropdown menu in the browse

    - by encryptor
    I am developing a ff extension. On one menupopup, the onpopupshowing calls a javascript function. Tha JS function extracts a list of names. Now these names have to be displayed in the same popup. How can i get this? Basically i will need to pass the data (just as we use beans in java) to the browser from the JS function. The data can change everytime the popup is called.

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  • How do i hide html until its processed with javascript?

    - by acidzombie24
    I am using some JS code to transform my menu into a drilldown menu. The problem is before it runs the JS you see a BIG UGLY mess of links. On their site its solved by putting the js at the top. Using recommendations by yahoo/YSlow i am keeping the JS files at the bottom. I tried hiding the menu with display:none then using jquery to .show(), .css('display', ''), .css('display', 'block') and they all lead up to a messsed up looking menu (i get the title but not the title background color or any links of the menu) How do i properly hide a div/menu and show it after being rendered?

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  • CSS list menu; extra padding on rollover of buttons

    - by user1669878
    I have been going crazy trying to figure out why there is extra padding showing up on my navigation buttons when I rollover them. It's only showing up to the left and right of them though. Here's a link to the screenshot of what it looks like: http://i179.photobucket.com/albums/w319/jdauel/Screenshot2012-09-13at25417PM.png I think it has something to do with my CSS but I have no idea anymore. Please help me??? I tried using Firebug to figure it out with no prevail. Here's the code: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>Farren's Photography</title> <style type="text/css"> html { height: 100%; width: 100%; } body { margin: 0px; } #container { font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 1.2em; color: #000; background-color: #06F; text-align: left; padding: 0px; height: 650px; width: 960px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; background-image: url(images/background_image.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; margin-top: 45px; } a:link { color: #FFF; } a:visited { color: #FFF; } a:hover { color: #FFF; } #container #logo { } #container #logo #fp-logo { background-image: url(images/logo.png); height: 137px; width: 408px; text-indent: -9999px; display: block; } #logo { height: 137px; width: 408px; position: relative; padding-top: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; } #main { background-color: #FFF; min-height: 383px; width: 707px; position: relative; left: 217px; top: 16px; right: 36px; bottom: 113px; } #container #navbar { font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 14px; color: #FFF; text-align: right; height: 45px; background-color: #CC0000; position: relative; top: 8px; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; } #container #navbar ul li a { text-decoration: none; } #container #navbar ul { list-style-type: none; padding-top: 16px; } #container #navbar ul li { display: inline; background-color: #280803; margin: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px; position: relative; padding-top: 16px; padding-right: 15px; padding-bottom: 17px; padding-left: 15px; } #container #navbar ul li a:link { text-decoration: none; color: #FFF; } #container #navbar ul li a:visited { text-decoration: none; color: #FFF; } #container #navbar ul li a:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FFF; background-color: #027e8e; padding-top: 16px; padding-right: 15px; padding-bottom: 17px; padding-left: 15px; margin: 0px; } #footer { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; height: 28px; position: relative; top: 8px; color: #FFF; font-style: italic; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="container"> <div id="logo"><a href="http://www.farrensphotography.com" title="Farren's Photography" target="_self" id="fp-logo">Farren's Photography</a></div><!-- end logo --> <div id="main"> <div id="content"> </div><!-- end content --> </div><!-- end main --> <div id="navbar"> <ul> <li><a href="index.html" target="_self">Home</a></li> <li><a href="portfolio.html" target="_self">Portfolio</a></li> <li><a href="mystyle.html" target="_self">My Style</a></li> <li><a href="specials.html" target="_self">Specials</a></li> <li><a href="pricing.html" target="_self">Pricing</a></li> <li><a href="contact.html" target="_self">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- end navbar --> <div id="footer"> <div id="copyright">All images copyright© Farrens Photography </div><!-- end copyright --> <div id="network">Facebook button </div><!-- end network --> </div><!-- end footer --> </div><!-- end container --> </body> </html>

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  • How to select first empty value option in a select menu??

    - by alex
    Hi there, The following always preselects the last option, but i like the first option to be preselected? <select name="filter"> <option value="" selected>Make a choice</option> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option value="">all</option> </select> even with the first selected?? Can this be done??

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  • jQueryUI widget text plus icon

    - by cf_PhillipSenn
    I have: <div class="ui-widget"> <div class="ui-widget-header"> My Menu<span class="ui-icon ui-icon-circle-triangle-n"></span> </div> <ul class="ui-widget-content"> <li>Menu Item 1</li> <li>Menu Item 2</li> <li>Menu Item 3</li> </ul> </div> Right now, the ui-icon is appearing below "My Menu" Q: How can I get "My Menu" to appear on the same line as the UI widget?

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  • Drupal 6, how to identify active menu item by url parameters (full link), ?q=page1&filter=10

    - by OlgaV
    I have a submenu that has all items linked to the same node, but with different additional parameters, for ex: ... <li...><a href = "/?q=page1&filter=10" class = "... active">Item1</a></li> <li...><a href = "/?q=page1&filter=11" class = "... active">Item2</a></li> ... in this case all items have class 'active' and none of them has class 'active-trail'. Is there any way to identify the true active link (for styling purposes)? any suggestions will be much appreciated!

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  • How do I Capture native (Menu) button presses in PhoneGap?

    - by Dinedal
    By calling "BackButton.override();" and then hooking on to the backKeyDown event, I am able to get the back button press to register. But there doesn't appear to be a "MenuButton.override();" Also, hooking on the menuKeyDown doesn't register a button press. Here's my (non-functional) code. What am I missing? <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="phonegap.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> document.addEventListener("deviceready", function() { alert('initialized'); }, false); document.addEventListener("menuKeyDown", function() { alert('menu_pressed'); // Never happens }, false); </script>

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  • Replace url() relative path with full domain in css files

    - by deepwell
    I'd like to run a script on release that replaces all url() declarations in a css file with the full domain path, because images are hosted on a static web server. Example Current: background-image: url(/images/menu.gif); Desired: background-image: url(http://example.com/images/menu.gif); Current: background-image: url('/images/menu.gif'); Desired: background-image: url('http://example.com/images/menu.gif'); Current: background-image: url("/images/menu.gif"); Desired: background-image: url("http://example.com/images/menu.gif"); I have concocted a bash script using sed to do just that, but it does not handle url with quotes url(''), or urls that already have a full path. STATIC_HOST="http://example.com" sed -i '' "s|url(\([^)]*\)|url($STATIC_HOST\1|g" main.css

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  • CSS Positioning

    - by Davey
    Trying to mess with this wordpress theme and can't figure out why the sidebar is stacking underneath the content block. Any help would be very appreciated. http://www.buffalostreetbooks.com/events CSS: body { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, Sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: #692022; background-image:url("http://www.buffalostreetbooks.com/wp-content/themes/autumn-leaves/images/repeatflower.png"); } body,h1#blog-title { margin: 0; padding: 0; } a { color: blue; } a:hover { color: #FF8C00; } a img { border: 0 none; } #wrapper { width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; background-color: #F4FBF4; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-right: 1px solid #ccc; } #header { background-image:url("http://www.buffalostreetbooks.com/wp-content/themes/autumn-leaves/images/headertime.png"); width:768px; height: 200px; } #inner-header { padding: 125px 1em 0; } h1#blog-title { font-size: 2em; } h1#blog-title a { color: #800000; } .entry-title a { color: #CD853F; } h1#blog-title a, .entry-title a, #footer a { text-decoration: none; } h1#blog-title a:hover, .entry-title a:hover, #footer a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } div.skip-link { display: none; } #menu { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; } #menu a { color: #000; } #menu a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } #menu li.current_page_item a, #menu li.current_page_item a:hover { background-color: #DFC28B; text-decoration: none; } #content { padding: 1em; width:600px; } .entry-title { font-size: 1.5em; margin: 1em 0 0 0; } abbr.published { color: #666; border: 0 none; } .entry-meta, .entry-date { color: #666; } #comments-list .avatar { float: left; margin-right: 1em; } #comments-list .n { font-weight: bold; } .entry-meta, .comment-meta { font-style: italic; } #comments-list p { clear: left; } #primary { padding-left: 1em; font-size: 0.9em; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: #FFFACD; } #footer { text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom: 1em; } #inner-footer { padding: 1em 0; } .entry-meta, .entry-meta a, .comment-meta, .comment-meta a, .sidebar, .sidebar a, #footer, #footer a { color: #666; } /* LAYOUT: Two-Column (Right) DESCRIPTION: Two-column fluid layout with one sidebars right of content */ div#container { margin:0 0 0 0; width:960px; height:100%; } div#content { margin:0 0 0 0; } div.sidebar { overflow:hidden; width:280px; min-height:500px; clear:both; } div#secondary { clear:right; } div#footer { clear:both; width:100%; } /* Just some example content */ div#menu { height:2em; width:100%; } div#menu ul,div#menu ul ul { line-height:2em; list-style:none; margin:0; padding:0; } div#menu ul a { display:block; margin-right:1em; padding:0 0.5em; text-decoration:none; } div#menu ul ul ul a { font-style:italic; } div#menu ul li ul { left:-999em; position:absolute; } div#menu ul li:hover ul { left:auto; } .entry-title,.entry-meta { clear:both; } div#primary { } form#commentform .form-label { margin:1em 0 0; } form#commentform span.required { background:#fff; color:#c30; } form#commentform,form#commentform p { padding:0; } input#author,input#email,input#url,textarea#comme nt { padding:0.2em; } div.comments ol li { margin:0 0 3.5em; } textarea#comment { height:13em; margin:0 0 0.5em; overflow:auto; width:66%; } .alignright,img.alignright{ float:right; margin:1em 0 0 1em; } .alignleft,img.alignleft{ float:left; margin:1em 1em 0 0; } .aligncenter,img.aligncenter{ display:block; margin:1em auto; text-align:center; } div.gallery { clear:both; height:180px; margin:1em 0; width:100%; } p.wp-caption-text{ font-style:italic; } div.gallery dl{ margin:1em auto; overflow:hidden; text-align:center; } div.gallery dl.gallery-columns-1 { width:100%; } div.gallery dl.gallery-columns-2 { width:49%; } div.gallery dl.gallery-columns-3 { width:33%; } div.gallery dl.gallery-columns-4 { width:24%; } div.gallery dl.gallery-columns-5 { width:19%; } div#nav-above { margin-bottom:1em; } div#nav-below { margin-top:1em; } div#nav-images { height:150px; margin:1em 0; } div.navigation { height:1.25em; } div.navigation div.nav-next { float:right; text-align:right; } div.sidebar h3 { font-size:1.2em; } div.sidebar input#s { width:7em; } div.sidebar li { list-style:none; margin:0 0 2em; } div.sidebar li form { margin:0.2em 0 0; padding:0; } div.sidebar ul ul { margin:0 0 0 2em; } div.sidebar ul ul li { list-style:disc; margin:0; } div.sidebar ul ul ul { margin:0 0 0 0.5em; } div.sidebar ul ul ul li { list-style:circle; } div#menu ul li,div.gallery dl,div.navigation div.nav-previous { float:left; } input#author,input#email,input#url,div.navigation div { width:50%; } div.gallery *,div.sidebar div,div.sidebar h3,div.sidebar ul { margin:0; padding:0; }

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  • Create a Bootable Ubuntu 9.10 USB Flash Drive

    - by Trevor Bekolay
    The Ubuntu Live CD isn’t just useful for trying out Ubuntu before you install it, you can also use it to maintain and repair your Windows PC. Even if you have no intention of installing Linux, every Windows user should have a bootable Ubuntu USB drive on hand in case something goes wrong in Windows. Creating a bootable USB flash drive is surprisingly easy with a small self-contained application called UNetbootin. It will even download Ubuntu for you! Note: Ubuntu will take up approximately 700 MB on your flash drive, so choose a flash drive with at least 1 GB of free space, formatted as FAT32. This process should not remove any existing files on the flash drive, but to be safe you should backup the files on your flash drive. Put Ubuntu on your flash drive UNetbootin doesn’t require installation; just download the application and run it. Select Ubuntu from the Distribution drop-down box, then 9.10_Live from the Version drop-down box. If you have a 64-bit machine, then select 9.10_Live_x64 for the Version. At the bottom of the screen, select the drive letter that corresponds to the USB drive that you want to put Ubuntu on. If you select USB Drive in the Type drop-down box, the only drive letters available will be USB flash drives. Click OK and UNetbootin will start doing its thing. First it will download the Ubuntu Live CD. Then, it will copy the files from the Ubuntu Live CD to your flash drive. The amount of time it takes will vary depending on your Internet speed, an when it’s done, click on Exit. You’re not planning on installing Ubuntu right now, so there’s no need to reboot. If you look at the USB drive now, you should see a bunch of new files and folders. If you had files on the drive before, they should still be present. You’re now ready to boot your computer into Ubuntu 9.10! How to boot into Ubuntu When the time comes that you have to boot into Ubuntu, or if you just want to test and make sure that your flash drive works properly, you will have to set your computer to boot off of the flash drive. The steps to do this will vary depending on your BIOS – which varies depending on your motherboard. To get detailed instructions on changing how your computer boots, search for your motherboard’s manual (or your laptop’s manual for a laptop). For general instructions, which will suffice for 99% of you, read on. Find the important keyboard keys When your computer boots up, a bunch of words and numbers flash across the screen, usually to be ignored. This time, you need to scan the boot-up screen for a few key words with some associated keys: Boot menu and Setup. Typically, these will show up at the bottom of the screen. If your BIOS has a Boot Menu, then read on. Otherwise, skip to the Hard: Using Setup section. Easy: Using the Boot Menu If your BIOS offers a Boot Menu, then during the boot-up process, press the button associated with the Boot Menu. In our case, this is ESC. Our example Boot Menu doesn’t have the ability to boot from USB, but your Boot Menu should have some options, such as USB-CDROM, USB-HDD, USB-FLOPPY, and others. Try the options that start with USB until you find one that works. Don’t worry if it doesn’t work – you can just restart and try again. Using the Boot Menu does not change the normal boot order on your system, so the next time you start up your computer it will boot from the hard drive as normal. Hard: Using Setup If your BIOS doesn’t offer a Boot Menu, then you will have to change the boot order in Setup. Note: There are some options in BIOS Setup that can affect the stability of your machine. Take care to only change the boot order options. Press the button associated with Setup. In our case, this is F2. If your BIOS Setup has a Boot tab, then switch to it and change the order such that one of the USB options occurs first. There may be several USB options, such as USB-CDROM, USB-HDD, USB-FLOPPY, and others; try them out to see which one works for you. If your BIOS does not have a boot tab, boot order is commonly found in Advanced CMOS Options. Note that this changes the boot order permanently until you change it back. If you plan on only plugging in a bootable flash drive when you want to boot from it, then you could leave the boot order as it is, but you may find it easier to switch the order back to the previous order when you reboot from Ubuntu. Booting into Ubuntu If you set the right boot option, then you should be greeted with the UNetbootin screen. Press enter to start Ubuntu with the default options, or wait 10 seconds for this to happen automatically. Ubuntu will start loading. It should go straight to the desktop with no need for a username or password. And that’s it! From this live desktop session, you can try out Ubuntu, and even install software that is not included in the live CD. Installed software will only last for the duration of your session – the next time you start up the live CD it will be back to its original state. Download UNetbootin from sourceforge.net Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Create a Bootable Ubuntu USB Flash Drive the Easy WayReset Your Ubuntu Password Easily from the Live CDHow-To Geek on Lifehacker: Control Your Computer with Shortcuts & Speed Up Vista SetupHow To Setup a USB Flash Drive to Install Windows 7Speed up Your Windows Vista Computer with ReadyBoost TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 PCmover Professional New Stinger from McAfee Helps Remove ‘FakeAlert’ Threats Google Apps Marketplace: Tools & Services For Google Apps Users Get News Quick and Precise With Newser Scan for Viruses in Ubuntu using ClamAV Replace Your Windows Task Manager With System Explorer Create Talking Photos using Fotobabble

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  • Mobile Friendly Websites with CSS Media Queries

    - by dwahlin
    In a previous post the concept of CSS media queries was introduced and I discussed the fundamentals of how they can be used to target different screen sizes. I showed how they could be used to convert a 3-column wide page into a more vertical view of data that displays better on devices such as an iPhone:     In this post I'll provide an additional look at how CSS media queries can be used to mobile-enable a sample site called "Widget Masters" without having to change any server-side code or HTML code. The site that will be discussed is shown next:     This site has some of the standard items shown in most websites today including a title area, menu bar, and sections where data is displayed. Without including CSS media queries the site is readable but has to be zoomed out to see everything on a mobile device, cuts-off some of the menu items, and requires horizontal scrolling to get to additional content. The following image shows what the site looks like on an iPhone. While the site works on mobile devices it's definitely not optimized for mobile.     Let's take a look at how CSS media queries can be used to override existing styles in the site based on different screen widths. Adding CSS Media Queries into a Site The Widget Masters Website relies on standard CSS combined with HTML5 elements to provide the layout shown earlier. For example, to layout the menu bar shown at the top of the page the nav element is used as shown next. A standard div element could certainly be used as well if desired.   <nav> <ul class="clearfix"> <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#products">Products</a></li> <li><a href="#aboutus">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="#contactus">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="#store">Store</a></li> </ul> </nav>   This HTML is combined with the CSS shown next to add a CSS3 gradient, handle the horizontal orientation, and add some general hover effects.   nav { width: 100%; } nav ul { border-radius: 6px; height: 40px; width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; background: rgb(125,126,125); /* Old browsers */ background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(125,126,125,1) 0%, rgba(14,14,14,1) 100%); /* FF3.6+ */ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(125,126,125,1)), color-stop(100%,rgba(14,14,14,1))); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */ background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(125,126,125,1) 0%, rgba(14,14,14,1) 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */ background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(125,126,125,1) 0%, rgba(14,14,14,1) 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */ background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(125,126,125,1) 0%, rgba(14,14,14,1) 100%); /* IE10+ */ background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(125,126,125,1) 0%, rgba(14,14,14,1) 100%); /* W3C */ filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#7d7e7d', endColorstr='#0e0e0e',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */ } nav ul > li { list-style: none; float: left; margin: 0; padding: 0; } nav ul > li:first-child { margin-left: 8px; } nav ul > li > a { color: #ccc; text-decoration: none; line-height: 2.8em; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px 25px 7px 25px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } nav ul > li a:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); color: #fff; }   When mobile devices hit the site the layout of the menu items needs to be adjusted so that they're all visible without having to swipe left or right to get to them. This type of modification can be accomplished using CSS media queries by targeting specific screen sizes. To start, a media query can be added into the site's CSS file as shown next: @media screen and (max-width:320px) { /* CSS style overrides for this screen width go here */ } This media query targets screens that have a maximum width of 320 pixels. Additional types of queries can also be added – refer to my previous post for more details as well as resources that can be used to test media queries in different devices. In that post I emphasize (and I'll emphasize again) that CSS media queries only modify the overall layout and look and feel of a site. They don't optimize the site as far as the size of the images or content sent to the device which is important to keep in mind. To make the navigation menu more accessible on devices such as an iPhone or Android the CSS shown next can be used. This code changes the height of the menu from 40 pixels to 100%, takes off the li element floats, changes the line-height, and changes the margins.   @media screen and (max-width:320px) { nav ul { height: 100%; } nav ul > li { float: none; } nav ul > li a { line-height: 1.5em; } nav ul > li:first-child { margin-left: 0px; } /* Additional CSS overrides go here */ }   The following image shows an example of what the menu look like when run on a device with a width of 320 pixels:   Mobile devices with a maximum width of 480 pixels need different CSS styles applied since they have 160 additional pixels of width. This can be done by adding a new CSS media query into the stylesheet as shown next. Looking through the CSS you'll see that only a minimal override is added to adjust the padding of anchor tags since the menu fits by default in this screen width.   @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { nav ul > li > a { padding: 8px 10px 7px 10px; } }   Running the site on a device with 480 pixels results in the menu shown next being rendered. Notice that the space between the menu items is much smaller compared to what was shown when the main site loads in a standard browser.     In addition to modifying the menu, the 3 horizontal content sections shown earlier can be changed from a horizontal layout to a vertical layout so that they look good on a variety of smaller mobile devices and are easier to navigate by end users. The HTML5 article and section elements are used as containers for the 3 sections in the site as shown next:   <article class="clearfix"> <section id="info"> <header>Why Choose Us?</header> <br /> <img id="mainImage" src="Images/ArticleImage.png" title="Article Image" /> <p> Post emensos insuperabilis expeditionis eventus languentibus partium animis, quas periculorum varietas fregerat et laborum, nondum tubarum cessante clangore vel milite locato per stationes hibernas. </p> </section> <section id="products"> <header>Products</header> <br /> <img id="gearsImage" src="Images/Gears.png" title="Article Image" /> <p> <ul> <li>Widget 1</li> <li>Widget 2</li> <li>Widget 3</li> <li>Widget 4</li> <li>Widget 5</li> </ul> </p> </section> <section id="FAQ"> <header>FAQ</header> <br /> <img id="faqImage" src="Images/faq.png" title="Article Image" /> <p> <ul> <li>FAQ 1</li> <li>FAQ 2</li> <li>FAQ 3</li> <li>FAQ 4</li> <li>FAQ 5</li> </ul> </p> </section> </article>   To force the sections into a vertical layout for smaller mobile devices the CSS styles shown next can be added into the media queries targeting 320 pixel and 480 pixel widths. Styles to target the display size of the images in each section are also included. It's important to note that the original image is still being downloaded from the server and isn't being optimized in any way for the mobile device. It's certainly possible for the CSS to include URL information for a mobile-optimized image if desired. @media screen and (max-width:320px) { section { float: none; width: 97%; margin: 0px; padding: 5px; } #wrapper { padding: 5px; width: 96%; } #mainImage, #gearsImage, #faqImage { width: 100%; height: 100px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { section { float: none; width: 98%; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px; padding: 5px; } article > section:last-child { margin-right: 0px; float: none; } #bottomSection { width: 99%; } #wrapper { padding: 5px; width: 96%; } #mainImage, #gearsImage, #faqImage { width: 100%; height: 100px; } }   The following images show the site rendered on an iPhone with the CSS media queries in place. Each of the sections now displays vertically making it much easier for the user to access them. Images inside of each section also scale appropriately to fit properly.     CSS media queries provide a great way to override default styles in a website and target devices with different resolutions. In this post you've seen how CSS media queries can be used to convert a standard browser-based site into a site that is more accessible to mobile users. Although much more can be done to optimize sites for mobile, CSS media queries provide a nice starting point if you don't have the time or resources to create mobile-specific versions of sites.

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