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• How to get gigabit network speeds on Windows XP?

  - by JB

  We've just installed gigabit switches at work, and things on the Linux side are going well. Our linux boxes, which use a Intel Corporation 82566DM-2 Gigabit nic (according to lspci), consistently get over 900 mbits/sec: iperf -c ipserver ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to ipserver, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 16.0 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.40.9 port 39823 connected with 192.168.1.115 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.08 GBytes 929 Mbits/sec We have a bunch of Windows XP 64-bit machines that use Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx cards. I spent around a day trying to get equivalent speeds on them, but couldn't get above 200 Mbits/sec. I noticed the Windows iperf tests said that the TCP window size was 8 Kb by default (as opposed to 16 Kb on Linux, so I modified my test to reflect that. Still no love. I went to Broadcom's site, downloaded the latest drivers for the card and installed. Still no love. However, finally, I tried a 64 Kb window size with the new drivers, and finally an improvement! $ iperf -c ipserver -w64k ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to ipserver, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.40.214 port 1848 connected with 192.168.1.115 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 933 MBytes 782 Mbits/sec Much better, but still not really taking advantage of the full capabilities of the network. If the Linux box can reach 950 Mbits/sec consistently, this box should be able to as well. Also, if you're wondering about the medium, this is over the same cable...I'm switching back and forth. Any suggestion or ideas would be really welcome. Thanks!

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• Cacti is ignoring hash marks in interface aliases

  - by Matt Simmons

  I'm attempting to set up Cacti to monitor a router's interfaces, and I'm having trouble getting the graph templates to show the information that I'd like. Our interface configuration looks like this: interface GigabitEthernet3/6 description WalljackNumber # Server info no ip address no shutdown switchport switchport access vlan 116 switchport mode access ip dhcp snooping trust spanning-tree portfast The "Server Info" string is really just the machine name, and a short relevant description, such as "PolarSprings vmnic2". The important part appears to be that it follows the hashmark. When I run snmpwalk, I get the proper output: IF-MIB::ifAlias.230 = STRING: WalljackNumber # Server info But in Cacti, when I go into the graph templates and set the title to this: |host_description| - Traffic - |query_ifName| (|query_ifAlias|) All that shows up in the graph is: switchname - Traffic - Gi3/6 (WalljackNumber #) Which strikes me as a little weird. What I suppose MAY be happening is that somewhere in the cacti stream, it's interpreting # as being a comment and stripping everything after, but I'm not sure. I was hoping someone could tell me that this was a known documented behavior, or that I could change it in a setting that I wasn't aware of. The alternative answer is to change the delimiter from # to something else, but I've got over a thousand lit switchports on an old college infrastructure, and I'm not sure what else might be relying on them.

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• --log-slave-updates is OFF but updates received from master are still logged to slave binary log?

  - by quanta

  MySQL version 5.5.14 According to the document, by the default, slave does not log to its binary log any updates that are received from a master server. Here are my config. on the slave: # egrep 'bin|slave' /etc/my.cnf relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin binlog-format=MIXED sync_binlog = 1 log-bin-trust-function-creators = 1 mysql> show global variables like 'log_slave%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | log_slave_updates | OFF | +-------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select @@log_slave_updates; +---------------------+ | @@log_slave_updates | +---------------------+ | 0 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) but slave still logs the updates that are received from a master to its binary logs, let's see the file size: -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 37M Apr 1 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001256 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 25M Apr 2 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001257 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 46M Apr 3 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001258 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 115M Apr 4 01:00 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001259 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 105M Apr 4 18:54 /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.001260 and the sample query when reading these binary files with mysqlbinlog utility: #120404 19:08:57 server id 3 end_log_pos 110324763 Query thread_id=382435 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1333541337/*!*/; INSERT INTO norep_SplitValues VALUES ( NAME_CONST('cur_string',_utf8'118212' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci')) /*!*/; # at 110324763 Did I miss something?

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• Adding add-ins to excel - strange communicates

  - by Jacob

  I am using Excel 2010 and 2013. I would like to add an excel add-in from page http://xlloop.sourceforge.net/ . There is file with name xlloop-0.3.2 and extension Microsoft Excel XLL Add-In. I added this file from menu File - Options - Add-Ins - In combobox Manage i choosed Excel Add-Ins - Go... - Browse and I choosed my file. I see the following comunicate: "C:\...\xlloop-0.3.2.xll" is not a valid add-in. Thus, I do next attempt. I go from menu File - Open - and I choosed my file. I see comunicate: The file you are trying to open "xlloop-0.3.2.xll", is in a difference format than specified by the file extension. Verify that the file is not corrupted and is from a trusted source before opening the file. Do you want to open the file now? After I clicked Yes I see a lot of signs (something like from chinese :)) My last attempt was double clicked on file. I see: The file format and extension of "xlloop-0.3.2.xll" don't match. The file could be corrupted or unsafe. Unless you trust its source , don't open it. Do you want open it anyway? After clicked yes I see something like the second attempt. I am really very confused because some of my friends have the same version of excel and they don't have these communicates. Do you have any idea where is the problem in my excel? I very need this addin to work with Java. I will very grateful for your help! Thanks in advance!

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• Apahe configuration with virtual hosts and SSL on a local network

  - by Petah

  I'm trying to setup my local Apache configuration like so: http://localhost/ should serve ~/ http://development.somedomain.co.nz/ should serve ~/sites/development.somedomain.co.nz/ https://development.assldomain.co.nz/ should serve ~/sites/development.assldomain.co.nz/ I only want to allow connections from our local network (192.168.1.* range) and myself (127.0.0.1). I have setup my hosts file with: 127.0.0.1 localhost 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost ::1 localhost fe80::1%lo0 localhost 127.0.0.1 development.somedomain.co.nz 127.0.0.1 development.assldomain.co.nz 127.0.0.1 development.anunuseddomain.co.nz My Apache configuration looks like: Listen 80 NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost development.somedomain.co.nz:80> ServerName development.somedomain.co.nz DocumentRoot "~/sites/development.somedomain.co.nz" DirectoryIndex index.php <Directory ~/sites/development.somedomain.co.nz> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI Includes AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost localhost:80> DocumentRoot "~/" ServerName localhost <Directory "~/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI Includes AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <IfModule mod_ssl.c> Listen *:443 NameVirtualHost *:443 AcceptMutex flock <VirtualHost development.assldomain.co.nz:443> ServerName development.assldomain.co.nz DocumentRoot "~/sites/development.assldomain.co.nz" DirectoryIndex index.php SSLEngine on SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL SSLCertificateFile /Applications/XAMPP/etc/ssl.crt/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /Applications/XAMPP/etc/ssl.key/server.key BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 <Directory ~/sites/development.assldomain.co.nz> SSLRequireSSL Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI Includes AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> </IfModule> http://development.somedomain.co.nz/ http://localhost/ and https://development.assldomain.co.nz/ work fine. The problem is when I request http://development.anunuseddomain.co.nz/ or http://development.assldomain.co.nz/ it responds with the same as http://development.somedomain.co.nz/ I want it to deny all requests that do not match a virtual host server name and all requests to a https host that are requested with http PS I'm running XAMPP on Mac OS X 10.5.8

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• Apache + PHP via FastCGI

  - by Wilco

  I'm running into some problems while attempting to run PHP via FastCGI in Apache. I have the FastCGI module loaded, but get the following error when attempting to load a page: The requested URL /fastcgi/php54.fcgi/index.php was not found on this server. Somewhere, it seems that the script to be executed is appended to the executable without any spaces. Is this where the problem likely is? Below I've included snippets from my Apache configuration (hopefully this is enough): LoadModule fastcgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_fastcgi.so FastCgiIpcDir /var/run/fastcgi AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi FastCgiConfig -autoUpdate -singleThreshold 100 -killInterval 300 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php ScriptAlias /fastcgi/ /Library/WebServer/FCGI-Executables/ <Directory "/Library/WebServer/FCGI-Executables"> Options +ExecCGI SetHandler fastcgi-script Order allow,deny Allow from all <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.somedomain.com ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/Web/www.somedomain.com" DirectoryIndex index.html index.php default.html CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access_log combinedvhost ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error_log Action application/x-httpd-php /fastcgi/php54.fcgi <IfModule mod_ssl.c> SSLEngine Off SSLCipherSuite "ALL:!aNULL:!ADH:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXP:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM" SSLProtocol -ALL +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLProxyEngine On SSLProxyProtocol -ALL +SSLv3 +TLSv1 </IfModule> <Directory "/Web/www.somedomain.com"> Options All -Indexes +ExecCGI +Includes +MultiViews AllowOverride All <IfModule mod_dav.c> DAV Off </IfModule> <IfDefine !WEBSERVICE_ON> Deny from all ErrorDocument 403 /customerror/websitesoff403.html </IfDefine> </Directory> </VirtualHost> ... and this is the executable: #!/bin/sh PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=1 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=5000 export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS exec /opt/local/bin/php-cgi54

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• Verify client certificate CN in Tomcat(APR)

  - by Petter

  I'm running a tomcat installation with the APR libraries installed (with the OpenSSL HTTPS stack that comes with it). What I'm trying to do is to lock a specific HTTPS connector down to users of a specific certificate. Adding client certificate verification is no issue, but I can't get it to validate against a specific Common name only. I was perhaps a bit naïve and thought the mod_ssl attribute SSLRequire typically used in Apache Httpd would work, but that property is not recognized by the Tomcat implementation. (http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/http.html#SSL%20Support points to some mod_ssl docs, but the Tomcat implementation does not seem to cover all aspects of mod_ssl). I can get this to work by using the Java version of the connector instead of APR (losing some performance) and just add a trust store with that one certificate in it. However, using openssl without the SSLRequire expressions, I'm not sure how to do this with Tomcat7 (on Windows if that matters). <Connector protocol="HTTP/1.1" port="443" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" SSLCertificateFile="mycert.pem" SSLCertificateKeyFile="privkey.pem" SSLCACertificateFile="CABundle.pem" SSLVerifyClient="require" SSLProtocol="TLSv1" SSLRequire="(%{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_CN} eq &quot;host.example.com&quot;)"/> Can you suggest a way to make this work using Tomcat/APR/OpenSSL?

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• Surprising corruption and never-ending fsck after resizing a filesystem.

  - by Steve Kemp

  System in question has Debian Lenny installed, running a 2.65.27.38 kernel. System has 16Gb memory, and 8x1Tb drives running behind a 3Ware RAID card. The storage is managed via LVM. Short version: Running a KVM guest which had 1.7Tb storage allocated to it. The guest was reaching a full-disk. So we decided to resize the disk that it was running upon We're pretty familiar with LVM, and KVM, so we figured this would be a painless operation: Stop the KVM guest. Extend the size of the LVM partition: "lvextend -L+500Gb ..." Check the filesystem : "e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/..." Resize the filesystem: "resize2fs /dev/mapper/" Start the guest. The guest booted successfully, and running "df" showed the extra space, however a short time later the system decided to remount the filesystem read-only, without any explicit indication of error. Being paranoid we shut the guest down and ran the filesystem check again, given the new size of the filesystem we expected this to take a while, however it has now been running for 24 hours and there is no indication of how long it will take. Using strace I can see the fsck is "doing stuff", similarly running "vmstat 1" I can see that there are a lot of block input/output operations occurring. So now my question is threefold: Has anybody come across a similar situation? Generally we've done this kind of resize in the past with zero issues. What is the most likely cause? (3Ware card shows the RAID arrays of the backing stores as being A-OK, the host system hasn't rebooted and nothing in dmesg looks important/unusual) Ignoring brtfs + ext3 (not mature enough to trust) should we make our larger partitions in a different filesystem in the future to avoid either this corruption (whatever the cause) or reduce the fsck time? xfs seems like the obvious candidate?

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• I have added a port to the public zone in firewalld but still can't access the port

  - by mikemaccana

  I've been using iptables for a long time, but have never used firewalld until recently. I have enabled port 3000 TCP via firewalld with the following command: # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent However I can't access the server on port 3000. From an external box: telnet 178.62.16.244 3000 Trying 178.62.16.244... telnet: connect to address 178.62.16.244: Connection refused There are no routing issues: I have a separate rule for a port forward from port 80 to port 8000 which works fine externally. My app is definitely listening on the port too: Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 99 36797 18662/node firewall-cmd doesn't seem to show the port either - see how ports is empty. You can see the forward rule I mentioned earlier. # firewall-cmd --list-all public (default, active) interfaces: eth0 sources: services: dhcpv6-client ssh ports: masquerade: no forward-ports: port=80:proto=tcp:toport=8000:toaddr= icmp-blocks: rich rules: However I can see the rule in the XML config file: # cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <zone> <short>Public</short> <description>For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.</description> <service name="dhcpv6-client"/> <service name="ssh"/> <port protocol="tcp" port="3000"/> <forward-port to-port="8000" protocol="tcp" port="80"/> </zone> What else do I need to do to allow access to my app on port 3000? Also: is adding access via a port the correct thing to do? Or should I make a firewalld 'service' for my app instead?

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• Can I tell if crashplan has backed up a particular file in a particular state?

  - by Chris Cogdon

  I would like to be able to tell, programmatically, if CrashPlan has backed-up a particular file, including the current updates to that file. I.e., that the current contents of a file are backed up. It's relatively easy to tell when CrashPlan last backed up a file: its file name appears in /usr/local/crashplan/log/backup_files.log.0, and with some accuracy, I could compare the backup time with the last modification time to the file, but that method appears to be somewhat dubious. A couple of methods I could think of, but I don't know how: Compare the current file to CrashPlan's metadata about that file. This needs knowledge about the format of CrashPlan's "cache" files as well as the hashing system used. This might be achievable through the CLI, but the CLI is just a portal into the GUI, and I need something that's scriptable. Restore the file to a temporary directory, and compare it. Unfortunately, there is no CLI to do restores; the GUI is the only way. I'll describe what I'm trying to achieve. It would be nice to know how to do the above, even if there are alternative methods for the following: I'm using CrashPlan for continuous backups to my PostgreSQL database, using WAL archives. In the current configuration, the archive command copies the files to an archive directory, which is backed up by CrashPlan. Every so often I manually confirm (or just trust) a group of WALs are backed up, and remove them from the archive directory, and occasionally do a restore through the GUI to ensure I can retrieve current and "deleted" WALs. The xlog directory is backed-up, too, so I have a good chance of doing a near-full restore even if a particular xlog hasn't been archived by PostgreSQL yet. I'd like to be able to automate this process, which necessitates either confirming the backup status and recency, or automating a restore for comparison purposes. (As a bonus, if the method is trustworthy, I could turn the "archive_command" from "copy to archive directory" into "confirm CrashPlan has backed up the current version", and do away with the archive directory completely). (And, yes, I'm doing regular pg_dumpall's, in addition to the above.)

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• Java web app deployment and ControlTier adoption

  - by Ran

  I've been searching for a configuration and deployment manager tool for my java-linux based web service and have been looking mainly at ControlTier (http://controltier.org). We operate at a medium scale (100's of hosts, multi-DC, dozens of services). There seem to be be plenty of lower level system admin tools such as chef, puppet, cfengine, bcfg2 and more and my understanding and the reason I'm calling them "low level" is that they are great for system level administration tasks such as setting up a mount, file permissions, users etc but aren't designed, for example for java deployments, which usually come with a build process and special java semantics. In many cases any tool can be used to do anything but if it was not designed for the task it can get uncomfortable. OTOH control-tier seem to have been designed just for that - java application deployments, at least that's what all the tutorials on their site demonstrate but here's the problem - The wiki at http://controltier.org/wiki/ is pretty good and stuffed with examples and the company behind the open source CT product is very responsive (pushy...) however, I'm yet to have seen any material from 3rd party users on the net. No success stories, no detailed blog posts, no best practices, no cheat sheets, not even hate letters, nothing. This plays badly for DTO solutions, CT's sponsor for two reasons, one is that it makes me suspicious what's the reason for the poor adoption? and second, what do I do if I get stuck and there's no help page on CT's wiki page and the mailing list is too slow to answer. I'm stuck with a "free" product that a consultancy company is pushing. So my question here - I'd be interested in hearing if anyone has had real world experience with CT for java based web app deployments and if he'd thumb up the product? Any other comments that may enlighten me are welcome of course...

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• How to find the cause of locked user account in Windows AD domain

  - by Stephane

  After a recent incident with Outlook, I was wondering how I would most efficiently resolve the following problem: Assume a fairly typical small to medium sized AD infrastructure: several DCs, a number of internal servers and windows clients, several services using AD and LDAP for user authentication from within the DMZ (SMTP relay, VPN, Citrix, etc.) and several internal services all relying on AD for authentication (Exchange, SQL server, file and print servers, terminal services servers). You have full access to all systems but they are a bit too numerous (counting the clients) to check individually. Now assume that, for some unknown reason, one (or more) user account gets locked out due to password lockout policy every few minutes. What would be the best way to find the service/machine responsible for this ? Assuming the infrastructure is pure, standard Windows with no additional management tool and few changes from default is there any way the process of finding the cause of such lockout could be accelerated or improved ? What could be done to improve the resilient of the system against such an account lockout DOS ? Disabling account lockout is an obvious answer but then you run into the issue of users having way to easily exploitable passwords, even with complexity enforced.

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• How can i use the `eject` command on a computer i have SSH'd into?

  - by will

  So if i do eject on my machine, it works exactly as expected, however, if i ssh into the machine next to me, and do the same thing, it does not work... my computer: eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/dev/cdrom' eject: `/dev/cdrom' is a link to `/dev/sr0' eject: `/dev/sr0' is not mounted eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a mount point eject: checking if device "/dev/sr0" has a removable or hotpluggable flag eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a multipartition device eject: trying to eject `/dev/sr0' using CD-ROM eject command eject: CD-ROM eject command succeeded other computer: eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/dev/cdrom' eject: `/dev/cdrom' is a link to `/dev/sr0' eject: `/dev/sr0' is not mounted eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a mount point eject: checking if device "/dev/sr0" has a removable or hotpluggable flag eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a multipartition device eject: unable to open `/dev/sr0' if i look in the /dev/ dir, then i find cdrom which is a symlink to sr0 - as mentioned by the verbose outputs of eject -v. On my machine, if i try and look at it, if the drive is open, it will close it, and then give this: $ less sr0 sr0 is not a regular file (use -f to see it) so $ less -f sr0 sr0: No medium found but if i do it on the other computer, $ less -f sr0 sr0: Permission denied so i look at the files more, and get this on both machines: $ ls -la sr0 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Nov 12 10:13 sr0 Does anyone know a way around this? I do not have root access.

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• Why do my backup fail when I target a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station?

  - by Larry

  My backups are failing when I try to use a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station. They work fine if I target a different network share (i.e. \server1\data\larry). When I run the following command: Wbadmin start backup -backupTarget:\\diskstation\backup-larry -include:C: This is what I get: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2004 Microsoft Corp. Note: The backed up data cannot be securely protected at this destination. Backups stored on a remote shared folder might be accessible by other people on the network. You should only save your backups to a location where you trust the other users who have access to the location or on a network that has additional security precautions in place. Retrieving volume information... This will back up volume WIN7(C:) to \\diskstation\backup-larry. Do you want to start the backup operation? [Y] Yes [N] No y Note: The list of volumes included for backup does not include all the volumes that contain operating system components. This backup cannot be used to perform a system recovery. However, you can recover other items if the destination media type supports it. The backup operation to \\diskstation\backup-larry is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... The backup operation stopped before completing. Summary of the backup operation: ------------------ The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: Access is denied. Windows Backup failed to write the file: '<backup location>\WindowsImageBackup\<Computer Name>\MediaId'. Access is denied. The backup creates the following path \\diskstation\backup-larry\WindowsImageBackup\LARRY-MYDOMAIN\ but its empty. I definitely have read/write access on the target directory (\diskstation\backup-larry). I have verified this by looking at the permission and by actually copying files to this location. Any suggestions?

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• Better approach to archiving large amounts of original video footage using optical media (DVD/Blu-ra

  - by Rob

  This question is to share my experience as well as ask for suggestions for better methods. Along with 2 friends, I completed the making of a short documentary film in 2006. Clip is at: http://www.youtube.com/mediamotioninvision The film was edited in Adobe Premiere Pro 1.5 on Windows XP. More details and screenshot here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/smilingrobbie/1350235514/ ( note this is not intended to be a plug, we've moved on from this initial learning curve project ;) ) The film is in 4:3 standard definition 720x576 PAL format. As well as retaining the final 30minute film, I wanted to keep all original files that assembled together to make the film. The footage was 83.5Gb So I archived them to over 20 4.7Gb DVD recordables in the original .avi format (i.e. data DVD-ROM format, NOT DVD-Video Mpeg2) Some .avi DV video files were larger than 4.7Gb so I used 7-zip to split them ( here is a guide as to how to do that: http://www.linglom.com/2008/10/12/how-to-split-a-large-file-using-7-zip/ ) To recombine them, a dos shell command like this would do that: copy /b file.avi.* file.avi would do the job, where .* is a wild card to include all the split parts e.g. 001, 002...00n assuming they are all in the same directory path folder. file.avi is the recombined file identical to the original. Later on, I bought a LG BE06 LU10 USB 2.0 Super-multi Blu-ray burner and archived the footage to 2 (two) x 50Gb BD-R DL discs. Again in the original format, written as files to a BD-R in the BD-R BD-ROM UDF format readable by PC/Mac etc, NOT Blu-ray video/film format. This seems to be a good solution for me, because: the archive is in a robust, reasonably permanent, non-volatile medium, i.e. DVD recordable / Blu-ray (debates about stability of optical media organic chemical dye compounds/substrates aside) the format of the archive is accessible by open source tools or just plain Windows Explorer and it's not in a proprietary format I just thought I'd ask folks for their experience on better methods, if such exist.

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• How does one make sure or even guarantee server time are sync correctly between dozens of servers across multiple datacenter on different location?

  - by forestclown

  Currently our web applications contain a logic to check if the data sent to the web server is expired or not by comparing the timestamp of the data with the date/time of the server. Everything goes will, until some dude from data center accidentally modify one of the web server date/time and causes some disruptions in our web services. My managers are of course not happy with this, and said we shouldn't use timestamp to check expiry in the first place...anyway.... Network Time Protocol is implemented, because of data centers are spread across different continents so we have one NTP server in each data center. The servers within the data center will have cron jobs to check against the time with their NTP server from the same data center. If time is out of sync it will auto update the server date/time. But then with our managers not happy with it, and think it could still easily causes the same problem. e.g. what if someone accidentally modify the NTP date/time? what if all the NTP servers are out of sync with each other? which NTP servers we can really trust? and blah blah.. So my questions are: What are the current practice to sync date/time between servers across multiple data centers or locations? How does one manages time stamp between web apps? e.g. Server A send data (contain timestamp of Server A) to Server B (compare timestamp between Server B and the timestamp from the data to see if it has expired or not. This is to avoid HTTP replay) Should we really not use timestamp check? Thanks & Best Regards

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• MicroSD card isn't detected by computer, apparently usable only with phone

  - by paulcjoubert

  I have a 4GB MicroSD card that apparently only works (in the sense that the device detects and can read and write from and to the card) with my old Nokia XpressMusic 5800 phone. I have taken pictures and recorded voice notes that were saved on the card. These are accessible after the card has been removed, which tells me that the problem isn't with the card. The card could also not be locked to the phone as it would at least be detected by a computer and it would be able to write raw data to it with dd, such as /dev/zero. Also, the card is not the Nokia card that came with the phone and I have done nothing that would have caused it to be locked. (I could not find anything on Nokia's website that helps, but then again... my search was not THAT thorough.) The card works on no other device that I have tried so far. I have tried it in my Canon camera (through an adapter), but it refuses to even boot with the card inserted. My card reader (via USB cable and hub) is detected as /dev/sdx with or without the card inserted. When trying to access the card I get an "No medium found". dmesg does not report any change at all when inserting and removing the card. I would obviously like to use my card on other devices - the phone is quite old - and even a likely explanation would help. Thankyou in advance! EDIT 1: I can use the card by connecting the phone to my computer, but this is impractical and would not allow me to use the card in any other device. EDIT 2: The data on the card is not important to me at all.

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• Installing Windows 7 from USB on a Thinkpad T61

  - by Halik

  I am trying to install Windows 7 Professional from USB 3.0 flashdrive, on a Thinkpad T61. The problem is, Thinkpads BIOS will not detect the flash drive as bootable medium, and won't allow to boot from it. What I did: Enabled USB BIOS Support in BIOS (it was on by default) In startup menu, added USB HDD to boot order (it has '-' sign in front of it) Created Windows 7 install media with UNetbootin, WinUSB (linux tool) dd and Grub4DOS. As you can tell, currently, I only have access to Linux machine to make the flashdrive. What happens: The T61 BIOS shows '-USB HDD' in boot order menu. The '-' sign suggests that the plugged flash drive is currently not bootable. The same flashdrive (with the same Windows image on it) is booting without any problems on a Dell D430 and Lenovo Y550. Also, Ubuntu 12.04 install USB created with Unetbootin shows as bootable ('+' sign in BIOS boot order menu) and boots from the F12 boot menu. Additional info thinkwiki.org says that some Thinkpad BIOSes do not use MBR on flashdrives. It suggests using Extended-IPL boot loader, but the provided links are broken and there seems to be no mirrors. Solution: http://superuser.com/a/430186/54970

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• ipmi - can't ping or remotely connect

  - by Fidel

  I've tried configuring the IPMI controller to accept remote connections, but I can't even ping it. Here is it status: #/usr/local/bin/ipmitool lan print 2 Set in Progress : Set Complete Auth Type Support : NONE PASSWORD Auth Type Enable : Callback : : User : NONE PASSWORD : Operator : PASSWORD : Admin : PASSWORD : OEM : IP Address Source : Static Address IP Address : 192.168.1.112 Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0 MAC Address : 00:a0:a5:67:45:25 IP Header : TTL=0x40 Flags=0x40 Precedence=0x00 TOS=0x10 BMC ARP Control : ARP Responses Enabled, Gratuitous ARP Enabled Gratituous ARP Intrvl : 8.0 seconds Default Gateway IP : 192.168.1.1 Default Gateway MAC : 00:00:00:00:00:00 802.1q VLAN ID : Disabled 802.1q VLAN Priority : 0 RMCP+ Cipher Suites : 0,1,2,3 Cipher Suite Priv Max : uaaaXXXXXXXXXXX : X=Cipher Suite Unused : c=CALLBACK : u=USER : o=OPERATOR : a=ADMIN : O=OEM # /usr/local/bin/ipmitool user list 2 ID Name Enabled Callin Link Auth IPMI Msg Channel Priv Limit 1 true false true true USER 2 admin true false true true ADMINISTRATOR # /usr/local/bin/ipmitool channel getaccess 2 2 Maximum User IDs : 5 Enabled User IDs : 2 User ID : 2 User Name : admin Fixed Name : No Access Available : callback Link Authentication : enabled IPMI Messaging : enabled Privilege Level : ADMINISTRATOR # /usr/local/bin/ipmitool channel info 2 Channel 0x2 info: Channel Medium Type : 802.3 LAN Channel Protocol Type : IPMB-1.0 Session Support : multi-session Active Session Count : 0 Protocol Vendor ID : 7154 Volatile(active) Settings Alerting : disabled Per-message Auth : disabled User Level Auth : disabled Access Mode : always available Non-Volatile Settings Alerting : disabled Per-message Auth : disabled User Level Auth : disabled Access Mode : always available # /usr/local/bin/ipmitool chassis status System Power : on Power Overload : false Power Interlock : inactive Main Power Fault : false Power Control Fault : false Power Restore Policy : unknown Last Power Event : Chassis Intrusion : inactive Front-Panel Lockout : inactive Drive Fault : false Cooling/Fan Fault : false # arp Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.112 ether 00:A0:A5:67:45:25 C bond0 # /usr/local/bin/ipmitool -I lan -H 192.168.1.112 -U admin -P admin chassis power status Error: Unable to establish LAN session Unable to get Chassis Power Status In summary. It exists on the ARP list so arp's are being broadcast. I can't ping it and can't connect to it. Can anyone spot any glaring mistakes in the configuration? Many thanks, Fidel

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• Cisco Spam Blocker, Iron Port, Lotus Domino, Integration Help

  - by NickToyota

  Hi serverfault universe, I work for a medium sized (roughly 200 user) company. We are attempting to intagrate our new Cisco Spam Video Blocker (ironport) device into our network so that it acts as an incoming filter then passes it off to our Lotus domino mail server. And also vise versa. The way our network is setup currently has an mx record pointing to our Domino mail SMTP incoming server which is currently setup to be an inbound gateway and filter (using symantec domino mail software). We want to replace the inbound gateway with the ironport. Our company has also invested in a pool of external IP addresses which I believe has been currently assigned to our web, email, servers. What would the proper course of action be to successfully integrate the device be? Mx record change? Replace the domino gateway completely with the ironport? We attempted to set the ironport device to the external IP of what our mx record is pointing to without much success. Any help on proper setup would be greatly appreciated.

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• Four disks - RAID 10 or two mirrored pairs?

  - by ewwhite

  I have this discussion with developers quite often. The context is an application running in Linux that has a medium amount of disk I/O. The servers are HP ProLiant DL3x0 G6 with four disks of equal size @ 15k rpm, backed with a P410 controller and 512MB of battery or flash-based cache. There are two schools of thought here, and I wanted some feedback... 1). I'm of the mind that it makes sense to create an array containing all four disks set up in a RAID 10 (1+0) and partition as necessary. This gives the greatest headroom for growth, has the benefit of leveraging the higher spindle count and better fault-tolerance without degradation. 2). The developers think that it's better to have multiple RAID 1 pairs. One for the OS and one for the application data, citing that the spindle separation would reduce resource contention. However, this limits throughput by halving the number of drives and in this case, the OS doesn't really do much other than regular system logging. Additionally, the fact that we have the battery RAID cache and substantial RAM seems to negate the impact of disk latency... What are your thoughts?

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• What do the readonly attributes in diskpart really mean?

  - by marzipan

  I am wondering exactly what the meaning is of the "Read-only" disk and volume attributes that you can twiddle in diskpart on Windows 7. I am trying to set up an external USB drive as an installation medium for my own software, so I'd like to protect it against casual or inadvertent changes by users who it is given to, so they don't screw up the installation files they might need in the future. From what I can tell by experimentation with diskpart, the volume read-only attribute is actually stored on the physical disk somewhere, because I can set it and it shows up when I take the drive to another machine. This is great because my users can't (easily) change any of the files on the volume, or format it from Windows explorer. However, the disk read-only attribute seems to be just an aspect of how the current machine is accessing the drive. When I set it I can no longer delete the volume in the disk via Disk Management, but when I take the drive to another machine, the attribute is no longer set and in Disk Management I can delete the volume on the disk. I guess I'm not that worried about my users doing that, but I am annoyed that I don't understand what these attributes are really doing. Another thing that I don't understand is that the "volume" read-only attribute actually seems to be global to the disk - if I have two volumes on the disk, and I set the readonly flag on one of them, then it gets set on the other one too. ?!? I have the feeling I'm not searching for the right docs - all I'm finding is diskpart docs that give the syntax for twiddling these attributes, not what they really mean. Any pointers would be very welcome! Thanks, Asa

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• RAID administration in Debian Lenny

  - by Siim K

  I've got an old box that I don't want to scrap yet because it's got a nice working 5-disk RAID assembly. I want to create 2 arrays: RAID 1 with 2 disks and RAID 5 with the other 3 disks. The RAID card is Intel SRCU31L. I can create the RAID 1 volume in the console that you access with Ctrl+C at startup. But it only allows for creation of one volume so I can't do anything with the 3 remaining disks. I installed Debian Lenny on the RAID 1 volume and it worked out nicely. What utilites could I now use to create/manage the RAID volumes in Debian Linux? I installed the raidutils package but get an error when trying to fetch a list: #raidutil -L controller or #raidutil -L physical # raidutil -L controller osdOpenEngine : 11/08/110-18:16:08 Fatal error, no active controller device files found. Engine connect failed: Open What could I try to get this thing working? Can you suggest any other tools? Command #lspci -vv gives me this about the controller: 00:06.1 I2O: Intel Corporation Integrated RAID (rev 02) (prog-if 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 0001 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV+ VGASnoop- ParErr- Step ping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort - <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 64, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 26 Region 0: Memory at f9800000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=8M] [virtual] Expansion ROM at 30020000 [disabled] [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: PCI_I2O Kernel modules: i2o_core

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• Vlans and subinterfaces

  - by Adeodatus

  I've inherited a moderate size network that I'm trying to bring some sanity to. Basically, its 8 public class Cs and a slew of private ranges all on one vlan (vlan1, of course). Most of the network is located throughout dark sites. I need to start separating some of the network. I've changed the ports from the main cisco switch (3560) to the cisco router (3825) and the other remote switches to trunking with dot1q encapsulation. I'd like to start moving a few select subnets to different vlans. To get some of the different services provided on our address space (and to separate customers) on to different vlans, do I need to create a subinterface on the router for each vlan and, if so, how do I get the switch port to work on a specific vlan? Keep in mind, these are dark sites and geting console access is difficult if not impossible at the moment. I was planning on creating a subinterface on the router for each vlan then setting the ports with services I want to move to a different vlan to allow only that vlan. Example of vlan3: 3825: interface GigabitEthernet0/1.3 description Vlan-3 encapsulation dot1Q 3 ip address 192.168.0.81 255.255.255.240 the connection between the switch and router: interface GigabitEthernet0/48 description Core-router switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk show interfaces gi0/48 switchport Name: Gi0/48 Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: On Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled Voice VLAN: none Administrative private-vlan host-association: none Administrative private-vlan mapping: none Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none Administrative private-vlan trunk Native VLAN tagging: enabled Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none Operational private-vlan: none Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 Capture Mode Disabled Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL Protected: false Unknown unicast blocked: disabled Unknown multicast blocked: disabled Appliance trust: none So, if the boxen hanging off of gi0/18 on the 3560 are on an unmanaged layer2 switch and all within the 192.168.0.82-95 range and are using 192.168.0.81 as their gateway, what is left to do, especially to gi0/18, to get this working on vlan3? Are there any recommendations for a better setup without taking everything offline?

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• How do I Install Intermediate Certificates (in AWS)?

  - by getmizanur

  I have installed private key (pem encoded) and public key certificate (pem encoded) on Amazon Load Balancer. However, when I check the SSL with site test tool, I get the following error: Error while checking the SSL Certificate!! Unable to get the local issuer of the certificate. The issuer of a locally looked up certificate could not be found. Normally this indicates that not all intermediate certificates are installed on the server. I converted crt file to pem using these commands from this tutorial: openssl x509 -in input.crt -out input.der -outform DER openssl x509 -in input.der -inform DER -out output.pem -outform PEM During setup of Amazon Load Balancer, the only option I left out was certificate chain. (pem encoded) However, this was optional. Could this be cause of my issue? And if so; How do I create certificate chain? UPDATE If you make request to VeriSign they will give you a certificate chain. This chain includes public crt, intermediate crt and root crt. Make sure to remove the public crt from your certificate chain (which is the top most certificate) before adding it to your certification chain box of your Amazon Load Balancer. If you are making HTTPS requests from an Android app, then above instruction may not work for older Android OS such as 2.1 and 2.2. To make it work on older Android OS: go here click on "retail ssl" tab and then click on "secure site" "CA Bundle for Apache Server" copy and past these intermediate certs into certificate chain box. just incase if you have not found it here is the direct link. If you are using geo trust certificates then the solution is much the same for Android devices, however, you need to copy and paste their intermediate certs for Android.

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