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• SQL SERVER – LOGBUFFER – Wait Type – Day 18 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  At first, I was not planning to write about this wait type. The reason was simple- I have faced this only once in my lifetime so far maybe because it is one of the top 5 wait types. I am not sure if it is a common wait type or not, but in the samples I had it really looks rare to me. From Book On-Line: LOGBUFFER Occurs when a task is waiting for space in the log buffer to store a log record. Consistently high values may indicate that the log devices cannot keep up with the amount of log being generated by the server. LOGBUFFER Explanation: The book online definition of the LOGBUFFER seems to be very accurate. On the system where I faced this wait type, the log file (LDF) was put on the local disk, and the data files (MDF, NDF) were put on SanDrives. My client then was not familiar about how the file distribution was supposed to be. Once we moved the LDF to a faster drive, this wait type disappeared. Reducing LOGBUFFER wait: There are several suggestions to reduce this wait stats: Move Transaction Log to Separate Disk from mdf and other files. (Make sure your drive where your LDF is has no IO bottleneck issues). Avoid cursor-like coding methodology and frequent commit statements. Find the most-active file based on IO stall time, as shown in the script written over here. You can also use fn_virtualfilestats to find IO-related issues using the script mentioned over here. Check the IO-related counters (PhysicalDisk:Avg.Disk Queue Length, PhysicalDisk:Disk Read Bytes/sec and PhysicalDisk :Disk Write Bytes/sec) for additional details. Read about them over here. If you have noticed, my suggestions for reducing the LOGBUFFER is very similar to WRITELOG. Although the procedures on reducing them are alike, I am not suggesting that LOGBUFFER and WRITELOG are same wait types. From the definition of the two, you will find their difference. However, they are both related to LOG and both of them can severely degrade the performance. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussion of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)   Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – DVM sys.dm_os_sys_info Column Name Changed in SQL Server 2012

  - by pinaldave

  Have you ever faced situation where something does not work and when you try to go and fix it – you like fixing it and started to appreciate the breaking changes. Well, this is exactly I felt yesterday. Before I begin my story of yesterday I want to state it candidly that I do not encourage anybody to use * in the SELECT statement. One of the my DBA friend who always used my performance tuning script yesterday sent me email asking following question - “Every time I want to retrieve OS related information in SQL Server – I used DMV sys.dm_os_sys_info. I just upgraded my SQL Server edition from 2008 R2 to SQL Server 2012 RC0 and it suddenly stopped working. Well, this is not the production server so the issue is not big yet but eventually I need to resolve this error. Any suggestion?” The funny thing was original email was very long but it did not talk about what is the exact error beside the query is not working. I think this is the disadvantage of being too friendly on email sometime. Well, never the less, I quickly looked at the DMV on my SQL Server 2008 R2 and SQL Server 2012 RC0 version. To my surprise I found out that there were few columns which are renamed in SQL Server 2012 RC0. Usually when people see breaking changes they do not like it but when I see these changes I was happy as new names were meaningful and additionally their new conversion is much more practical and useful. Here are the columns previous names - Previous Column Name New Column Name physical_memory_in_bytes physical_memory_kb bpool_commit_target committed_target_kb bpool_visible visible_target_kb virtual_memory_in_bytes virtual_memory_kb bpool_commited committed_kb If you read it carefully you will notice that new columns now display few results in the KB whereas earlier result was in bytes. When I see the results in bytes I always get confused as I could not guess what exactly it will convert to. I like to see results in kb and I am glad that new columns are now displaying the results in the kb. I sent the details of the new columns to my friend and ask him to check the columns used in application. From my comment he quickly realized why he was facing error and fixed it immediately. Overall – all was well at the end and I learned something new. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DMV, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Silverlight Cream for April 05, 2010 -- #831

  - by Dave Campbell

  In this Issue: Rénald Nollet, Davide Zordan(-2-, -3-), Scott Barnes, Kirupa, Christian Schormann, Tim Heuer, Yavor Georgiev, and Bea Stollnitz. Shoutouts: Yavor Georgiev posted the material for his MIX 2010 talk: what’s new in WCF in Silverlight 4 Erik Mork and crew posted their This Week in Silverlight 4.1.2010 Tim Huckaby and MSDN Bytes interviewed Erik Mork: Silverlight Consulting Life – MSDN Bytes Interview From SilverlightCream.com: Home Loan Application for Windows Phone Rénald Nollet has a WP7 app up, with source, for calculating Home Loan application information. He also discusses some control issues he had with the emulator. Experiments with Multi-touch: A Windows Phone Manipulation sample Davide Zordan has updated the multi-touch project on CodePlex, and added a WP7 sample using multi-touch. Silverlight 4, MEF and MVVM: EventAggregator, ImportingConstructor and Unit Tests Davide Zordan has a second post up on MEF, MVVM, and Prism, oh yeah, and also Unit Testing... the code is available, so take a look at what he's all done with this. Silverlight 4, MEF and MVVM: MEFModules, Dynamic XAP Loading and Navigation Applications Davide Zordan then builds on the previous post and partitions the app into several XAPs put together at runtime with MEF. Silverlight Installation/Preloader Experience - BarnesStyle Scott Barnes talks about the install experience he wanted to get put into place... definitely a good read and lots of information. Changing States using GoToStateAction Kirupa has a quick run-through of Visual States, and then demonstrates using GoToStateAction and a note for a Blend 4 addition. Blend 4: About Path Layout, Part IV Christian Schormann has the next tutorial up in his series on Path Layout, and he's explaining Motion Path and Text on a Path. Managing service references and endpoint configurations for Silverlight applications Helping solve a common and much reported problem of managing service references, Tim Heuer details his method of resolving it and additional tips and tricks to boot. Some known WCF issues in Silverlight 4 Yavor Georgiev, a Program Manager for WCF blogged about the issues that they were not able to fix due to scheduling of the release How can I update LabeledPieChart to use the latest toolkit? Bea Stollnitz revisits some of her charting posts to take advantage of the unsealing of toolkit classes in labeling the Chart and PieSeries Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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• Why does my MySQL remote-connection fail (VLAN)?

  - by Johannes Nielsen

  ubuntu-community! Again I have a problem with my special friend MySQL :D I have got two servers - a database-server and a web-server - who are connected via VLAN. Now I want the web-server to have remote access to the database-server's MySQL. So I created the user user in mysql.user. user's Host is xxx.yyy.zzz.9 which is the internal IP-address of the web-server. xxx.yyy.zzz.0 is the network. I also created user with Host % . As long as I use MySQL on the database-server logging in as user, everything works fine. But trying to log in as user from xxx.yyy.zzz.9 using mysql -h xxx.yyy.zzz.8 -u user -p (where xxx.yyy.zzz.8 is the database-server's internal IP), I get ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xxx.yyy.zzz.8' (110) So I tried to activate Bind-Address in the my.cnf file. Well, if I use xxx.yyy.zzz.8, nothing changes. But if I try xxx.yyy.zzz.9 and try to restart MySQL, I get mysql stop/waiting start: Job failed to start I checked the log files and found - nothing. The database-server's MySQL doesn't even register, that the web-server tries to connect remotely. My idea is, that maybe I didn't configure the VLAN properley, even though I asked someone who actually knows such stuff and he told me, I did everything right. What I wrote into /etc/networking/interfaces is: #The VLAN auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address xxx.yyy.zzz..8 netmask 255.255.255.0 network xxx.yyy.zzz.0 broadcast xxx.yyy.zzz.255 mtu 1500 ifconfig returns eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xxxxxxxxxxxxxx inet addr:xxx.yyy.zzz.8 Bcast:xxx.yyy.zzz.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:241146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9765 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:17825995 (17.8 MB) TX bytes:566602 (566.6 KB) Memory:fb900000-fb920000 for the eth1, what is, what I configured. (This is for the database-server, the web-server looks similar). ethtool eth1 returns: Settings for eth1: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 100Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000003 (3) drv probe Link detected: yes (This is for the database-server, the web-server looks similar). Actually I think, everything is right, but it still doesn't work. Is there someone with an idea? EDIT: I commented ou Bind-Address in my.cnf after it didn't work.

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• ASP.NET ViewState Tips and Tricks #2

  - by João Angelo

  If you need to store complex types in ViewState DO implement IStateManager to control view state persistence and reduce its size. By default a serializable object will be fully stored in view state using BinaryFormatter. A quick comparison for a complex type with two integers and one string property produces the following results measured using ASP.NET tracing: BinaryFormatter: 328 bytes in view state IStateManager: 28 bytes in view state BinaryFormatter sample code: // DO NOT [Serializable] public class Info { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } } public class ExampleControl : WebControl { protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e) { base.OnLoad(e); if (!this.Page.IsPostBack) { this.User = new Info { Id = 1, Name = "John Doe", Age = 27 }; } } public Info User { get { object o = this.ViewState["Example_User"]; if (o == null) return null; return (Info)o; } set { this.ViewState["Example_User"] = value; } } } IStateManager sample code: // DO public class Info : IStateManager { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } private bool isTrackingViewState; bool IStateManager.IsTrackingViewState { get { return this.isTrackingViewState; } } void IStateManager.LoadViewState(object state) { var triplet = (Triplet)state; this.Id = (int)triplet.First; this.Name = (string)triplet.Second; this.Age = (int)triplet.Third; } object IStateManager.SaveViewState() { return new Triplet(this.Id, this.Name, this.Age); } void IStateManager.TrackViewState() { this.isTrackingViewState = true; } } public class ExampleControl : WebControl { protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e) { base.OnLoad(e); if (!this.Page.IsPostBack) { this.User = new Info { Id = 1, Name = "John Doe", Age = 27 }; } } public Info User { get; set; } protected override object SaveViewState() { return new Pair( ((IStateManager)this.User).SaveViewState(), base.SaveViewState()); } protected override void LoadViewState(object savedState) { if (savedState != null) { var pair = (Pair)savedState; this.User = new Info(); ((IStateManager)this.User).LoadViewState(pair.First); base.LoadViewState(pair.Second); } } }

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• Breaking down CS courses for freshmen

  - by Avinash

  I'm a student putting together a slide geared towards freshmen level students who are trying to understand what the importance of various classes in the CS curriculum are. Would it be safe to say that this list is fairly accurate? Data structures: how to store stuff in programs Discrete math: how to think logically Bits & bytes: how to ‘speak’ the machine’s language Advanced data structures: how to store stuff in more ways Algorithms: how to compute things efficiently Operating systems: how to do manage different processes/threads Thanks!

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• Send raw data to USB parallel port after upgrading to 11.10

  - by zaphod

  I have a laser cutter connected via a generic USB to parallel adapter. The laser cutter speaks HPGL, as it happens, but since this is a laser cutter and not a plotter, I usually want to generate the HPGL myself, since I care about the ordering, speed, and direction of cuts and so on. In previous versions of Ubuntu, I was able to print to the cutter by copying an HPGL file directly to the corresponding USB "lp" device. For example: cp foo.plt /dev/usblp1 Well, I just upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10 oneiric, and I can't find any "lp" devices in /dev anymore. D'oh! What's the preferred way to send raw data to a parallel port in Ubuntu? I've tried System Settings Printing + Add, hoping that I might be able to associate my device with some kind of "raw printer" driver and print to it with a command like lp -d LaserCutter foo.plt But my USB to parallel adapter doesn't seem to show up in the list. What I do see are my HP Color LaserJet, two USB-to-serial adapters, "Enter URI", and "Network Printer". Meanwhile, over in /dev, I do see /dev/ttyUSB0 and /dev/ttyUSB1 devices for the 2 USB-to-serial adapters. I don't see anything obvious corresponding to the HP printer (which was /dev/usblp0 prior to the upgrade), except for generic USB stuff. For example, sudo find /dev | grep lp produces no output. I do seem to be able to print to the HP printer just fine, though. The printer setup GUI gives it a device URI starting with "hp:" which isn't much help for the parallel adapter. The CUPS administrator's guide makes it sound like I might need to feed it a device URI of the form parallel:/dev/SOMETHING, but of course if I had a /dev/SOMETHING I'd probably just go on writing to it directly. Here's what dmesg says after I disconnect and reconnect the device from the USB port: [ 924.722906] usb 1-1.1.4: USB disconnect, device number 7 [ 959.993002] usb 1-1.1.4: new full speed USB device number 8 using ehci_hcd And here's how it shows up in lsusb -v: Bus 001 Device 008: ID 1a86:7584 QinHeng Electronics CH340S Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x1a86 QinHeng Electronics idProduct 0x7584 CH340S bcdDevice 2.52 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 2 USB2.0-Print iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 96mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 7 Printer bInterfaceSubClass 1 Printer bInterfaceProtocol 2 Bidirectional iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)

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• Geek City: Where are LOBs stored?

  - by Kalen Delaney

  When researching a question from one of the students in my class last week, I was reading the documentation for CREATE TABLE about storing LOB columns at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174979.aspx . For this discussion LOB columns includes text, image, ntext, xml and the MAX columns when they are over 8000 bytes and stored outside the regular data row. I knew that SQL Server gives us the capability of storing LOB columns in a separate filegroup with the TEXTIMAGE_ON clause, but I was surprised...(read more)

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• Bluetooth firmware problem in Ubuntu 13.04

  - by chanzerre

  I have a [Dell Inspiron][1] 15R 5520 laptop. Bluetooth is not working at all. rfkill list all gives 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no dmesg|grep -i bluetooth gives [ 13.644428] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 13.644445] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 13.644453] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 13.644455] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 13.644461] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 15.861363] Bluetooth: hci0 command 0x1003 tx timeout [ 15.903443] Bluetooth: can't load firmware, may not work correctly [ 17.332535] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 17.332538] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 17.332544] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized [ 17.393768] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 17.393781] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 17.393783] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 hciconfig gives hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB BD Address: E0:06:E6:D5:DB:46 ACL MTU: 1021:8 SCO MTU: 64:1 UP RUNNING PSCAN ISCAN RX bytes:687 acl:0 sco:0 events:56 errors:0 TX bytes:2024 acl:0 sco:0 commands:52 errors:0 I have visited the site http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43 and according to it lspci -vnn -d 14e4: gives 08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Wireless 1704 802.11n + BT 4.0 [1028:0016] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at c1500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: wl So I got my PCI-ID as 14e4:4365 which it says is not supported. The alternative is wl. What should I do? My Wi-Fi is working normally without any problems, but Bluetooth is not working. sudo dpkg -i wireless-bcm43142-dkms_6.20.55.19-1_amd64.deb gives following error (Reading database ... 208543 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking wireless-bcm43142-dkms (from wireless-bcm43142-dkms_6.20.55.19-1_amd64.deb) ... Setting up wireless-bcm43142-dkms (6.20.55.19-1) ... Loading new wireless-bcm43142-6.20.55.19 DKMS files... Building only for 3.8.0-23-generic Building initial module for 3.8.0-23-generic Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/share/apport/package-hooks/dkms_packages.py", line 22, in <module> import apport ImportError: No module named apport Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.8.0-23-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/wireless-bcm43142/6.20.55.19/build/make.log for more information.

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• passwordless ssh not working

  - by kuurious

  I've tried to setup a password-less ssh b/w A to B and B to A as well. Generated the public and private key using ssh-keygen -trsa on both the machines. Used the ssh-copy-id utility to copy the public-keys from A to B as well as B to A. The passwordless ssh works from A to B but not from B to A. I've checked the permissions of the ~/ssh/ folder and seems to be normal. A's .ssh folder permissions: -rw------- 1 root root 13530 2011-07-26 23:00 known_hosts -rw------- 1 root root 403 2011-07-27 00:35 id_rsa.pub -rw------- 1 root root 1675 2011-07-27 00:35 id_rsa -rw------- 1 root root 799 2011-07-27 00:37 authorized_keys drwxrwx--- 70 root root 4096 2011-07-27 00:37 .. drwx------ 2 root root 4096 2011-07-27 00:38 . B's .ssh folder permissions: -rw------- 1 root root 884 2011-07-07 13:15 known_hosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 396 2011-07-27 00:15 id_rsa.pub -rw------- 1 root root 1675 2011-07-27 00:15 id_rsa -rw------- 1 root root 2545 2011-07-27 00:36 authorized_keys drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2011-07-06 19:44 .. drwx------ 2 root root 4096 2011-07-27 00:15 . A is an ubuntu 10.04 (OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu4, OpenSSL 0.9.8k 25 Mar 2009) B is a debian machine (OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007) From A: #ssh B works fine. From B: #ssh -vvv A ... ... debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7f1581f23a50) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1127 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 368 bytes for a total of 1495 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: Which essentially means it's not authenticating using the file /root/id_rsa. I ran the ssh-add command in both the machines as well. The authentication part of /etc/ssh/sshd_config file is # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files I'm running out of ideas. Any help would be appreciated.

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• DTracing TCP congestion control

  - by user12820842

  In a previous post, I showed how we can use DTrace to probe TCP receive and send window events. TCP receive and send windows are in effect both about flow-controlling how much data can be received - the receive window reflects how much data the local TCP is prepared to receive, while the send window simply reflects the size of the receive window of the peer TCP. Both then represent flow control as imposed by the receiver. However, consider that without the sender imposing flow control, and a slow link to a peer, TCP will simply fill up it's window with sent segments. Dealing with multiple TCP implementations filling their peer TCP's receive windows in this manner, busy intermediate routers may drop some of these segments, leading to timeout and retransmission, which may again lead to drops. This is termed congestion, and TCP has multiple congestion control strategies. We can see that in this example, we need to have some way of adjusting how much data we send depending on how quickly we receive acknowledgement - if we get ACKs quickly, we can safely send more segments, but if acknowledgements come slowly, we should proceed with more caution. More generally, we need to implement flow control on the send side also. Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance From RFC2581, let's examine the relevant variables: "The congestion window (cwnd) is a sender-side limit on the amount of data the sender can transmit into the network before receiving an acknowledgment (ACK). Another state variable, the slow start threshold (ssthresh), is used to determine whether the slow start or congestion avoidance algorithm is used to control data transmission" Slow start is used to probe the network's ability to handle transmission bursts both when a connection is first created and when retransmission timers fire. The latter case is important, as the fact that we have effectively lost TCP data acts as a motivator for re-probing how much data the network can handle from the sending TCP. The congestion window (cwnd) is initialized to a relatively small value, generally a low multiple of the sending maximum segment size. When slow start kicks in, we will only send that number of bytes before waiting for acknowledgement. When acknowledgements are received, the congestion window is increased in size until cwnd reaches the slow start threshold ssthresh value. For most congestion control algorithms the window increases exponentially under slow start, assuming we receive acknowledgements. We send 1 segment, receive an ACK, increase the cwnd by 1 MSS to 2*MSS, send 2 segments, receive 2 ACKs, increase the cwnd by 2*MSS to 4*MSS, send 4 segments etc. When the congestion window exceeds the slow start threshold, congestion avoidance is used instead of slow start. During congestion avoidance, the congestion window is generally updated by one MSS for each round-trip-time as opposed to each ACK, and so cwnd growth is linear instead of exponential (we may receive multiple ACKs within a single RTT). This continues until congestion is detected. If a retransmit timer fires, congestion is assumed and the ssthresh value is reset. It is reset to a fraction of the number of bytes outstanding (unacknowledged) in the network. At the same time the congestion window is reset to a single max segment size. Thus, we initiate slow start until we start receiving acknowledgements again, at which point we can eventually flip over to congestion avoidance when cwnd ssthresh. Congestion control algorithms differ most in how they handle the other indication of congestion - duplicate ACKs. A duplicate ACK is a strong indication that data has been lost, since they often come from a receiver explicitly asking for a retransmission. In some cases, a duplicate ACK may be generated at the receiver as a result of packets arriving out-of-order, so it is sensible to wait for multiple duplicate ACKs before assuming packet loss rather than out-of-order delivery. This is termed fast retransmit (i.e. retransmit without waiting for the retransmission timer to expire). Note that on Oracle Solaris 11, the congestion control method used can be customized. See here for more details. In general, 3 or more duplicate ACKs indicate packet loss and should trigger fast retransmit . It's best not to revert to slow start in this case, as the fact that the receiver knew it was missing data suggests it has received data with a higher sequence number, so we know traffic is still flowing. Falling back to slow start would be excessive therefore, so fast recovery is used instead. Observing slow start and congestion avoidance The following script counts TCP segments sent when under slow start (cwnd ssthresh). #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::connect-request / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 0/ { start[args[1]-cs_cid] = 1; } tcp:::send / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 1 && args[3]-tcps_cwnd tcps_cwnd_ssthresh / { @c["Slow start", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 1 && args[3]-tcps_cwnd args[3]-tcps_cwnd_ssthresh / { @c["Congestion avoidance", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } As we can see the script only works on connections initiated since it is started (using the start[] associative array with the connection ID as index to set whether it's a new connection (start[cid] = 1). From there we simply differentiate send events where cwnd ssthresh (congestion avoidance). Here's the output taken when I accessed a YouTube video (where rport is 80) and from an FTP session where I put a large file onto a remote system. # dtrace -s tcp_slow_start.d ^C ALGORITHM RADDR RPORT #SEG Slow start 10.153.125.222 20 6 Slow start 138.3.237.7 80 14 Slow start 10.153.125.222 21 18 Congestion avoidance 10.153.125.222 20 1164 We see that in the case of the YouTube video, slow start was exclusively used. Most of the segments we sent in that case were likely ACKs. Compare this case - where 14 segments were sent using slow start - to the FTP case, where only 6 segments were sent before we switched to congestion avoidance for 1164 segments. In the case of the FTP session, the FTP data on port 20 was predominantly sent with congestion avoidance in operation, while the FTP session relied exclusively on slow start. For the default congestion control algorithm - "newreno" - on Solaris 11, slow start will increase the cwnd by 1 MSS for every acknowledgement received, and by 1 MSS for each RTT in congestion avoidance mode. Different pluggable congestion control algorithms operate slightly differently. For example "highspeed" will update the slow start cwnd by the number of bytes ACKed rather than the MSS. And to finish, here's a neat oneliner to visually display the distribution of congestion window values for all TCP connections to a given remote port using a quantization. In this example, only port 80 is in use and we see the majority of cwnd values for that port are in the 4096-8191 range. # dtrace -n 'tcp:::send { @q[args[4]-tcp_dport] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_cwnd); }' dtrace: description 'tcp:::send ' matched 10 probes ^C 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 |@@@@@@ 5 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 0 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 |@@@@@@@@@ 8 4096 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 23 8192 | 0

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• Why am I getting a "network is unreachable" error on Ubuntu Server?

  - by jason328

  I'm a completely new to Ubuntu server and am having a hard time connecting the server to the internet. I first ran ping -n 8.8.8.8 connect:Network is unreachable Then I ran ifconfig Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask 255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/28Scope:host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 RX packets:192 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:192 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:15360 (15.2KB) TX bytes:15360 (15.3KB) Here is ouput for sudo lspci -n 00:00.0 0600: 8086:2580 (rev 04) 00:02.0 0300: 8086:2582 (rev 04) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:2658 (rev 03) 00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:2659 (rev 03) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:265a (rev 03) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:265b (rev 03) 00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:265c (rev 03) 00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev d3) 00:1e.0 0401: 8086:266e (rev 03) 00:1f.0 0601: 8086:2640 (rev 03) 00:1f.0 0101: 8086:2651 (rev 03) 00:1f.0 0c05: 8086:266a (rev 03) 00:0b.0 0200: 8086:1654 (rev 03) lshw-c network returns WARNING: you should run this program as super-user. *-network DISABLED description:Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5705_2 Gigabit Ethernet vender: Broadcom Corporation physical id:b bus info:pci@0000:0a:0b.0 logical name: eth0 capabilities: bus_master_cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion= 3.121 firmware=5705-v3.18 latency=32 mingnt=64 multicast=yes port=twister pair lsmod code returned this Module Size Used By e100 37213 0 dm_crypt 23125 1 ppdev 17113 0 psmouse 87603 0 snd_intel8x0 38570 0 snd_ac97_codec 134826 1 snd_intel8x0 ac97_bus 12730 1 snd_ac97_codec snd_pcm 97188 2 snd_intel8x0, snd_ac97_codec serio_raw 13211 0 snd_timer 29990 1 snd_pcm snd 78855 4 snd_intel8x0, snd_ac97_codec, snd_pcm,snd_timer soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_intel8x0, snd_pcm ext2 73795 1 parport_pc 32866 1 mac_hid 13253 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 ppdev, parport_pc,lp usbhid 47199 0 hid 99559 1 usbhid tg3 152032 0 i915 468651 1 floppy 70365 0 drm_kms_helper 46978 1 i915 drm 242038 2 i915,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 13423 1 i915 video 19596 1 i915 Again there is more but it's giving info on the driver itself. I know it works, I've used it. I assume then that my network got disabled when I installed Ubuntu Server. How do I enable it? I checked and the internet cable is connected to the D-link router. I have also used this same computer for internet access when I had Ubuntu Desktop installed so internet does work.

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• Max ram for computer 16GB or 8GB

  - by Laptop memory question

  Manufacturer's specifications for my notebook say memory can be extended from 4GB to 8GB. Whereas, running sudo dmidecode suggests the computer can use 16GB as below: Handle 0x0037, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 16 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4 Which one is correct?

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• Enable wireless on Dell Inspiron 1300

  - by Simon

  As per subject, I've looked at various resources and attempted ndiswrapper solutions, found a one-click solution that lead to a 404 and this but none works. I've run all updates. Once I managed to lose my wired connection as well and had to reinstall. This is my first hour with Linux. iwconfig gives this before I do anything: lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=0 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:on eth0 no wireless extens Thanks for responding lspci returns 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 915GM/PM/GMS/910GML Express Processor to DRAM Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 915GM/GMS/910GML Express Graphics Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at dff00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K] Region 1: I/O ports at eff8 [size=8] Region 2: Memory at c0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Region 3: Memory at dfec0000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: intelfb, i915 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 915GM/GMS/910GML Express Graphics Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Region 0: Memory at dff80000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K] Capabilities: <access denied> 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 42 Region 0: Memory at dfebc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=0b, subordinate=0b, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 00002000-00002fff Memory behind bridge: 30000000-301fffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000000030200000-00000000303fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=0c, subordinate=0d, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 0000d000-0000dfff Memory behind bridge: dfc00000-dfdfffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000d0000000-00000000d01fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #1 (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 4: I/O ports at bf80 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #2 (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 17 Region 4: I/O ports at bf60 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #3 (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 18 Region 4: I/O ports at bf40 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.3 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #4 (rev 03) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin D routed to IRQ 19 Region 4: I/O ports at bf20 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at b0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev d3) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=32 I/O behind bridge: 0000f000-00000fff Memory behind bridge: dfb00000-dfbfffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fff00000-00000000000fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FBM (ICH6M) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt, intel-rng 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) IDE Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 8a [Master SecP PriP]) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: I/O ports at 01f0 [size=8] Region 1: I/O ports at 03f4 [size=1] Region 2: I/O ports at 0170 [size=8] Region 3: I/O ports at 0374 [size=1] Region 4: I/O ports at bfa0 [size=16] Kernel driver in use: ata_piix 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX (rev 02) Subsystem: Dell Device 01c9 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 64 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18 Region 0: Memory at dfbfc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: b44 Kernel modules: b44 02:03.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: Dell Wireless 1370 WLAN Mini-PCI Card Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 64 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17 Region 0: Memory at dfbfe000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge Kernel modules: ssb and the rfkill shows 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no Just checking addtional drivers. Says no additional driver installed in this system

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• How to override the system locale on a single command?

  - by Alistair Buxton

  When helping someone we often ask them to show the output of a command eg: sudo fdisk -l | pastebinit If the user is not using an English locale, the output may be in a foreign language: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 huvuden, 63 sektorer/spår, 91201 cylindrar, totalt 1465149168 sektor This complicates support. How can one run a command with an override on the system locale to get English output?

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• How can I write byte[] to socket outputstream and specify the end of file?

  - by Christopher Francisco

  I've googled 2 days straight and I can't find how to do this. I have an open stream between client and server, and client will send a JSON string (encrypted to bytes) to the server each 3 to 5 seconds. How can I write to the Socket OutputStream so that I can read each JSON string in the server. I'm guessing I need to specify some kind of end of file or something, but can't find any info on how to achieve this.

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• Once installed geos library (C++, and C), and then trying to install rgeos package (R), it reports geos-config missing!

  - by user1873888

  Knowing that the package rgeos, from the R language, requieres a prior installation of geos libraries, I installed, both, libgeos and libgeos-c1 (3.2.2), using the synaptic installer in my Ubuntu 12.04 (32 bit) machine. Then I tried to install rgeos directly from the R console, and it issued a message in the sense that geos-config was not found. The output is as follows: > install.packages("rgeos") Installing package(s) into ‘/home/checo/R/i486-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.15’ (as ‘lib’ is unspecified) also installing the dependency ‘sp’ probando la URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/sp_1.0-9.tar.gz' Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 882102 bytes (861 Kb) URL abierta ================================================== downloaded 861 Kb probando la URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/rgeos_0.2-19.tar.gz' Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 221471 bytes (216 Kb) URL abierta ================================================== downloaded 216 Kb * installing *source* package ‘sp’ ... ** package ‘sp’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked ** libs gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c R centroid.c -o Rcentroid.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c gcdist.c -o gcdist.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c init.c -o init.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c pip.c -o pip.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c pip2.c -o pip2.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c sp_xports.c -o sp_xports.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c surfaceArea.c -o surfaceArea.o gcc -std=gnu99 -I/usr/share/R/include -DNDEBUG -fpic -O3 -pipe -g -c zerodist.c -o zerodist.o gcc -std=gnu99 -shared -o sp.so Rcentroid.o gcdist.o init.o pip.o pip2.o sp_xports.o surfaceArea.o zerodist.o -L/usr/lib/R/lib -lR installing to /home/checo/R/i486-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.15/sp/libs ** R ** data ** demo ** inst ** preparing package for lazy loading ** help *** installing help indices ** building package indices ** installing vignettes ‘intro_sp.Rnw’ ‘over.Rnw’ ** testing if installed package can be loaded * DONE (sp) * installing *source* package ‘rgeos’ ... ** package ‘rgeos’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked configure: CC: gcc -std=gnu99 configure: CXX: g++ configure: rgeos: 0.2-17 checking for /usr/bin/svnversion... no configure: svn revision: 394 checking geos-config usability... ./configure: line 1385: geos-config: command not found no configure: error: geos-config not usable ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘rgeos’ * removing ‘/home/checo/R/i486-pc-linux-gnu-library/2.15/rgeos’ Warning in install.packages : installation of package ‘rgeos’ had non-zero exit status Forgive my ignorance, but I don't know where this file, "geos-config", comes from: should it be generated by the gcc compilations above, or should it be previously installed when the libgeos libraries were intalled? I learnt, from another machine, that "geos-config" is an executable and that it should be installed in /usr/bin. Do you have any idea on what's wrong with my procedure? Thanks, -Sergio.

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• Unable to ping inside or outside network with default gateway 0.0.0.0

  - by agentroadkill

  I've been around here before and I could usually piece together everything to more or less get myself up and running, but this time I'm truly stumped. I'm trying to connect my new 14.04 install to a network, and I'm forced to be behind my college's router. Now I've tested the vary cable that is right now plugged into my Ubuntu box on a Windows, Mac OS X, and even my friend's Ubuntu 14.04 box, and they all connect no problem. I've been trying to track this down for about two days, but every time I get close to it, the bug jumps to some other piece of my connection. Anyway, as it sits ifconfig -a gives: eth2 Lninkencap:Ethernet HWaddr:00:1f:bc:08:31:1d inet addr:10.32.51.51 Bcast:10.32.51.155 Mask: 255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 RX bytes:0 TX bytes:0 as well as the local loopback, but I'm assuming that is not an issue here. sudo dhclient -v eth2 returns: Listening on LPF/<hardware address of my integrated NIC, above> Sending on <same> Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 10.32.51.51 on eth2 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6f4a66ba) <two more lines of same> DHCPDISCOVER on eth2 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x156f9fb4) <many more of above with varying intervals> No DHCPOFFERS received. Trying recorded lease 10.32.51.51 RTNETLINK answers: File exists bound: renewal in <large number> seconds If I then try ping 8.8.8.8, I get: connect: Network is unreachable /etc/resolv.conf only contains the two lines telling you not to edit it, while /etc/network/interfaces only has the loopback interface block in it. I've tried commenting out the "option rfc3442" line in /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf which seemed to fix this issue for many people, as well as adding the line send vendor-class-indentifier "MSFT5.0" to dhclient.conf as well to tell the router I'm a windows box, in case they don't like Linux. Finally, route -n reveals: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.32.51.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 I would like to apologize in advance for the doubtless butchered text alignment, but I'm obviously typing this all by hand, reading from the terminal as I type commands. I'm hoping this is an interesting problem, and not something I blithely stumbled past in my (apparent) over-confidence. TIA! Quick addendum before posting: The activity light on the ethernet port are lit and one blinks during boot, but they rarely (and seemingly randomly) do so afterwards (both are dark) even while running dhclient in the foreground. When I had the Ubuntu box tethered to my MacBook earlier, I got what looked like a normal power/uplink blinking pattern, but was unable to ping one from the other.

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• How to know the number of pins on my laptop's ram?

  - by Rajat Saxena

  I am thinking about upgrading my laptop's ram.How can I get to know the number of pins on my ram without opening my laptop? I ran this command sudo dmidecode --type memory and got following info: Handle 0x0019, DMI type 17, 27 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0017 Error Information Handle: 0x001A Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 1024 MB Form Factor: SODIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK 0 Type: DDR2 Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 667 MHz Manufacturer: AD00000000000000 Serial Number: 04008104 Asset Tag: Unknown Part Number: 040404040404040404040404040404040404 Can anyone help?

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• Identifying which pattern fits better.

  - by Daniel Grillo

  I'm developing a software to program a device. I have some commands like Reset, Read_Version, Read_memory, Write_memory, Erase_memory. Reset and Read_Version are fixed. They don't need parameters. Read_memory and Erase_memory need the same parameters that are Length and Address. Write_memory needs Lenght, Address and Data. For each command, I have the same steps in sequence, that are something like this sendCommand, waitForResponse, treatResponse. I'm having difficulty to identify which pattern should I use. Factory, Template Method, Strategy or other pattern. Edit I'll try to explain better taking in count the given comments and answers. I've already done this software and now I'm trying to refactoring it. I'm trying to use patterns, even if it is not necessary because I'm taking advantage of this little software to learn about some patterns. Despite I think that one (or more) pattern fits here and it could improve my code. When I want to read version of the software of my device, I don't have to assembly the command with parameters. It is fixed. So I have to send it. After wait for response. If there is a response, treat (or parse) it and returns. To read a portion of the memory (maximum of 256 bytes), I have to assembly the command using the parameters Len and Address. So I have to send it. After wait for response. If there is a response, treat (or parse) it and returns. To write a portion in the memory (maximum of 256 bytes), I have to assembly the command using the parameters Len, Address and Data. So I have to send it. After wait for response. If there is a response, treat (or parse) it and returns. I think that I could use Template Method because I have almost the same algorithm for all. But the problem is some commands are fixes, others have 2 or 3 parameters. I think that parameters should be passed on the constructor of the class. But each class will have a constructor overriding the abstract class constructor. Is this a problem for the template method? Should I use other pattern?

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• Technology Insights

  - by GavinPayneUK

  In my day job I speak to both technical and business people about the subjects which matter to them the most, in depths of detail which please them the most.  This allows me to ensure the technical people work in a way that meets the client’s business goals.   Sadly, I sometimes meet technical people who due to time constraints or lack of opportunity rarely get to do anything but focus on the bits, bytes, parameters and switches which they need to manage in order to make the “machine do...(read more)

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• Send raw data to USB parallel port after upgrading to 11.10 oneiric

  - by zaphod

  I have a laser cutter connected via a generic USB to parallel adapter. The laser cutter speaks HPGL, as it happens, but since this is a laser cutter and not a plotter, I usually want to generate the HPGL myself, since I care about the ordering, speed, and direction of cuts and so on. In previous versions of Ubuntu, I was able to print to the cutter by copying an HPGL file directly to the corresponding USB "lp" device. For example: cp foo.plt /dev/usblp1 Well, I just upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10 oneiric, and I can't find any "lp" devices in /dev anymore. D'oh! What's the preferred way to send raw data to a parallel port in Ubuntu? I've tried System Settings Printing + Add, hoping that I might be able to associate my device with some kind of "raw printer" driver and print to it with a command like lp -d LaserCutter foo.plt But my USB to parallel adapter doesn't seem to show up in the list. What I do see are my HP Color LaserJet, two USB-to-serial adapters, "Enter URI", and "Network Printer". Meanwhile, over in /dev, I do see /dev/ttyUSB0 and /dev/ttyUSB1 devices for the 2 USB-to-serial adapters. I don't see anything obvious corresponding to the HP printer (which was /dev/usblp0 prior to the upgrade), except for generic USB stuff. For example, sudo find /dev | grep lp produces no output. I do seem to be able to print to the HP printer just fine, though. The printer setup GUI gives it a device URI starting with "hp:" which isn't much help for the parallel adapter. The CUPS administrator's guide makes it sound like I might need to feed it a device URI of the form parallel:/dev/SOMETHING, but of course if I had a /dev/SOMETHING I'd probably just go on writing to it directly. Here's what dmesg says after I disconnect and reconnect the device from the USB port: [ 924.722906] usb 1-1.1.4: USB disconnect, device number 7 [ 959.993002] usb 1-1.1.4: new full speed USB device number 8 using ehci_hcd And here's how it shows up in lsusb -v: Bus 001 Device 008: ID 1a86:7584 QinHeng Electronics CH340S Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x1a86 QinHeng Electronics idProduct 0x7584 CH340S bcdDevice 2.52 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 2 USB2.0-Print iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 96mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 7 Printer bInterfaceSubClass 1 Printer bInterfaceProtocol 2 Bidirectional iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)

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• Unable to ping local machines by name in Windows 7

  - by aardvarkk

  I'm having a strange (and persistent!) problem with pinging local machines on my network by name. I believe my machine (Windows 7 64-bit) is the only one having this issue. This is over a wireless connection. As an example, consider a device on my network by the name of WDTVLiveHub. It's a Western Digital Live Hub (surprise!). If I go to my router's DHCP Client Table in the browser (my router is a WRT400N), I see this entry: WDTVLiveHub 192.168.1.101 Great. So I try to ping that IP address: ping 192.168.1.101 Pinging 192.168.1.101 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=64 Reply from 192.168.1.101: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=64 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.101: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 14ms OK, still looking good. Now I try to ping it by name: ping WDTVLiveHub Ping request could not find host WDTVLiveHub. Please check the name and try again. From what I've read, this implies a problem with DNS servers and host name lookups. Interestingly, if I type the following: pathping 192.168.1.101 I get this output: Tracing route to WDTVLIVEHUB [192.168.1.101] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 Scotty [192.168.1.103] 1 WDTVLIVEHUB [192.168.1.101] Computing statistics for 25 seconds... Source to Here This Node/Link Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 Scotty [192.168.1.103] 1/ 100 = 1% | 1 12ms 1/ 100 = 1% 0/ 100 = 0% WDTVLIVEHUB [192.168.1.101] Trace complete. Scotty is obviously the name of my local machine. So it's able to find the name somehow when I do that approach... ipconfig /all shows the following under DNS servers: DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 ***.***.***.*** ***.***.***.*** Where the * represents the same DNS servers that show up in my router under DNS 1 and DNS 2 through the Internet. For completeness, here's the whole output of ipconfig /all: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : Scotty Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Peer-Peer IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Dell Wireless 1397 WLAN Mini-Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 0C-EE-E6-D1-07-E8 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2002:d83a:31e5:1234:5592:398e:8968:43d1(Preferred) Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2002:d83a:31e5:1234:ecce:2f79:72a5:5273(Preferred) Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5592:398e:8968:43d1%26(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.103(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : September-17-12 11:05:57 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : September-18-12 11:05:57 PM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::200:ff:fe00:0%26 192.168.1.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 537718502 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-12-80-3D-D7-00-26-B9-0D-08-70 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 ***.***.***.*** ***.***.***.*** NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VirtualBox Host-Only Network: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 08-00-27-00-98-9A DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::b48a:916b:c0f:fb29%23(Preferred) Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address. . : 169.254.251.41(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 570949671 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-12-80-3D-D7-00-26-B9-0D-08-70 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 15: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter isatap.{55899375-C31D-4173-A529-4427D63FD28B}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter isatap.{64B8F35F-A6AB-4D6B-B1D5-DD95F57B1458}: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Not sure exactly how to diagnose exactly what's going on... but the problem is really frustrating! The biggest problem is that my mapped network drives have to be done by IP, and then any time the router assigns new IP addresses to those devices, all of my network shares break again. Stinks! Would love some assistance on possible solutions. I've tried all of this netsh catalog resetting and that didn't seem to fix anything at all. Would love an explanation of what's going wrong, too, rather than blindly resetting things! Thanks!

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• Routing a PPTP client and VMware Server instance running on the same box

  - by servermanfail

  I have a Windows 2003 SBS box. It has 2 physical NIC's: WAN and LAN. The WAN is a public IP. The LAN is a simple 192.168.2.x subnet with Microsoft DHCP Server. Microsoft Routing and Remote Access Service is used to provide NAT to LAN. The box also runs VMware Server with a virtual machine running Windows XP. I want people to be able to VPN into the box, and connect to these virtual machines on the MSRDP port. I can VPN (PPTP) into the 2003 SBS box fine, as well as ping other machines on the LAN. I can ping the VM from a physical workstation on the LAN and vice-versa. I can ping the VPN client from the a physical workstation on the LAN and vice-versa. I can ping the VPN client from the Server console and vice-versa. I can ping the VM client from the Server console and vice-versa. But I cannot ping the VPN client from the VM and vice-versa. I was hoping to set up 2 or 3 Windows XP virtual machines on our only server, so that a couple of people can remote in to work without having to leave a physical machine on in the office. You could this attempted set up a "poor mans terminal server". On the 2003 SBS Server:- C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>route print IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x2 ...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 0x3 ...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 0x10004 ...00 53 45 00 00 00 ...... WAN (PPP/SLIP) Interface 0x10005 ...00 11 43 d4 69 13 ...... Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet 0x10006 ...00 11 43 d4 69 14 ...... Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet #2 =========================================================================== =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 81.123.144.22 81.123.144.21 1 81.123.144.20 255.255.255.252 81.123.144.21 81.123.144.21 1 81.123.144.21 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 81.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 81.123.144.21 81.123.144.21 1 86.135.78.235 255.255.255.255 81.123.144.22 81.123.144.21 1 109.152.62.236 255.255.255.255 81.123.144.22 81.123.144.21 1 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.3 1 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.2.26 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.32 192.168.2.32 1 192.168.2.28 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.32 192.168.2.32 1 192.168.2.32 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 50 192.168.2.50 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.2.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.3 1 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 20 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 192.168.10.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 20 192.168.96.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.96.1 192.168.96.1 20 192.168.96.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 192.168.96.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.96.1 192.168.96.1 20 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 81.123.144.21 81.123.144.21 1 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.3 1 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 20 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.96.1 192.168.96.1 20 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 81.123.144.21 81.123.144.21 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.3 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.96.1 192.168.96.1 1 Default Gateway: 81.123.144.22 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : 2003server Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : mycompany.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : mycompany.local gateway.2wire.net Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet 8 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-08 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.10.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet 1 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-01 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.96.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : PPP adapter RAS Server (Dial In) Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : WAN (PPP/SLIP) Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-53-45-00-00-00 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.2.32 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled Ethernet adapter LAN: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-11-43-D4-69-13 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.2.50 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.2.3 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.2.3 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.2.3 Ethernet adapter WAN: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : gateway.2wire.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-11-43-D4-69-14 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 81.123.144.21 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 81.123.144.22 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.1 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.2.3 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 25 February 2011 22:56:59 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 25 February 2011 23:06:59 C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 192.168.2.11 Pinging 192.168.2.11 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

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• SSTP client disconnects shortly after successfully connected to VPN

  - by Eran Betzalel

  I'm successfully authenticating and connecting to a SSTP VPN (on windows 2008) from my windows 7 machine, but for some reason, the connection is disconnected about a 1-2 seconds after it's established. I've done the following: Defined a SSTP VPN on my windows server 2008. Defined the same machine as CA. Issued the needed certificates and published them on the client. I'm currently testing this VPN inside my LAN so all the needed ports are opened. Here are the event log entries when trying to connect: Error Log (Client): The user HOME\User dialed a connection named Home VPN which has terminated. The reason code returned on termination is 829. Error Log (Server-VPN): The user HOME\User connected on port VPN0-0 on 7/27/2012 at 1:57 AM and disconnected on 7/27/2012 at 1:57 AM. The user was active for 0 minutes 0 seconds. 312 bytes were sent and 4528 bytes were received. The reason for disconnecting was user request. What would be the issue? How can I resolve or debug it? UPDATE: I've found an event log (Log=System, Source=RasSstp) message on the windows 7 machine that tries to connect to the VPN: The SSTP-based VPN connection to the remote access server was terminated because of a security check failure. Security settings on the remote access server do not match settings on this computer. Contact the system administrator of the remote access server and relay the following information: SHA1 Certificate Hash: 065D681...520375552F SHA256 Certificate Hash: 18DED363...EEEE28CFD00

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