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• Non-dynamic CMS [closed]

  - by user20457

  Some of the web sites I visit every day (news, sports, etc..), although the content changes very often (several times per day), the URLs always have .html extension, what makes me thing that the content has been generated once, and then published as a static page, rather than generated in every call, or even cached in memory. For example, the fictitious site "mysports.com" have a "futbol.html" page, and then yesterday Messi gets injured and they have another thing to put in that page, then I presume they post the new item in their CMS system, and automatically a publishing action is triggered aftewards that recreates "futbol.html" in a CDN with the new item and probably discard the oldest one. Then the ETag changes and clients will get the new page if they try to access it. (the site is fictitious but this is what I believe happened yesterday in the sports site I read) This would fit in the CQRS approach, and I presume they have a huge performance. I know lots of CMS (WP, Drupal, BlogEngine.net, DNN, etc...), but I have never seen any able of doing this, or at least, I was not aware this feautre. How are called those distributed CMS? Which are the most well known? Cheers.

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• I'm a Subversion geek, why should I consider or not consider Mercurial or Git or any other DVCS?

  - by user2567

  I try to understand the benefits of distributed version control system (DVCS). I found Subversion Re-education and this article by Martin Fowler very useful. Mercurial and others DVCS promote a new way of working on code with changesets and local commits. It prevents from merging hell and other collaboration issues We are not affected by this as I practice continuous integration and working alone in a private branch is not an option, unless we are experimenting. We use a branch for every major version, in which we fix bugs merged from the trunk. Mercurial allows you to have lieutenants I understand this can be useful for very large projects like Linux, but I don't see the value in small and highly collaborative teams (5 to 7 people). Mercurial is faster, takes less disk space and full local copy allows faster logs & diffs operations. I'm not concerned by this either, as I didn't notice speed or space problems with SVN even with very large projects I'm working on. I'm seeking for your personal experiences and/or opinions from former SVN geeks. Especially regarding the changesets concept and overall performance boost you measured. UPDATE (12th Jan): I'm now convinced that it worth a try. UPDATE (12th Jun): I kissed Mercurial and I liked it. The taste of his cherry local commits. I kissed Mercurial just to try it. I hope my SVN Server don't mind it. It felt so wrong. It felt so right. Don't mean I'm in love tonight. FINAL UPDATE (29th Jul): I had the privilege to review Eric Sink's next book called Version Control by Example. He finished to convince me. I'll go for Mercurial.

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• Developer with 4 years experience with Java/C++. How to move into web programming? [closed]

  - by JerryC

  Possible Duplicate: Tips for switching jobs and moving into web based programming? I graduated in 2006 with a computer science degree and got solid grades (3.5 overall 3.8 in my major) For the past 4.5 years I've been working as a Software Engineer doing primarily rich client development. Most of my experience is with Java, Swing and C++. I've done a lot of network programming and I have acquired some skill working & debugging in distributed environments. I would like to switch jobs and move into a role where I can get exposure to some new technologies and frameworks. I would like to move into a more web development role but I find my lack of web development experience is hurting me. 90% of the jobs I see advertised are looking for one of two skill sets: 1) Stereotypical server side Java web developer. Experience with Spring, Hibernate, J2EE, etc. 2) Stereotypical front end web developer. Experience with Javascript, jQuery, HTML5, GWT, CSS, etc I find most of these companies are looking really specifically for this experience and they are not willing to take on good programmers/ CS fundamental guys who lack experience with this stuff. I would love to get a job doing stuff like this, but have my skills become out of date and unmarketable? Any opinions on ways to sell myself to help get a new position?

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• Is there such thing like a "refactoring/maintainability group" role in software companies?

  - by dukeofgaming

  So, I work in a company that does embedded software development, other groups focus in the core development of different products' software and my department (which is in another geographical location) which is located at the factory has to deal with software development as well, but across all products, so that we can also fix things quicker when the lines go down due to software problems with the product. In other words, we are generalists while other groups specialize on each product. Thing is, it is kind of hard to get involved in core development when you are distributed geographically (well, I know it really isn't that hard, but there might be unintended cultural/political barriers when it comes to the discipline of collaborating remotely). So I figured that, since we are currently just putting fires out and somewhat being idle/sub-utilized (even though we are a new department, or maybe that is the reason), I thought that a good role for us could be detecting areas of opportunity of refactoring and rearchitecting code and all other implementations that might have to do with stewarding maintainability and modularity. Other groups aren't focused on this because they don't have the time and they have aggressive deadlines, which damage the quality of the code (eternal story of software projects) The thing is that I want my group/department to be recognized by management and other groups with this role officially, and I'm having trouble to come up with a good definition/identity of our group for this matter. So my question is: is this role something that already exists?, or am I the first one to make something like this up?

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• Advice and resources on collaborative environments

  - by Tjaart

  I need some advice on collaborative software environments. More specifically, I am looking for books and reference materials that can aid me in understanding team and code structures and the interactions thereof. In other words books, blogs or white papers explaining: Different strategies for structuring teams that share common code between each other but have distinct individual functions? To summarise my question I would like to know what would be a good source of knowledge if I were to set up teams in an organisation that shared code but each unit still remained autonomous. I have done some research on this subject and explored: code review tools, distributed VCS, continuous integration tools, Unit testing automation. The tough part about implementing these tools are to determine where a good place would be to start, which tools are low hanging fruit, which tools or methods provide higher success rates. If someone asks me about code quality reference I point them to Code Complete. I am looking for an equivalent guide on software team structures and tools to make this equation work better. I realise that this question is quite vague but it arose as "we need to share code between teams without breaking each others stuff and causing management headaches and reams of red tape" The answer is definitely not simple and requires changes on many levels, hence the question. If the question is too vague please vote to close or delete. I would accept any good starting point as an answer.

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• Which version management design methodology to be used in a Dependent System nodes?

  - by actiononmail

  This is my first question so please indicate if my question is too vague and not understandable. My question is more related to High Level Design. We have a system (specifically an ATCA Chassis) configured in a Star Topology, having Master Node (MN) and other sub-ordinate nodes(SN). All nodes are connected via Ethernet and shall run on Linux OS with other proprietary applications. I have to build a recovery Framework Design so that any software entity, whether its Linux, Ramdisk or application can be rollback to previous good versions if something bad happens. Thus I think of maintaining a State Version Matrix over MN, where each State(1,2....n) represents Good Kernel, Ramdisk and application versions for each SN. It may happen that one SN version can dependent on other SN's version. Please see following diagram:- So I am in dilemma whether to use Package Management Methodology used by Debian Distributions (Like Ubuntu) or GIT repository methodology; in order to do a Rollback to previous good versions on either one SN or on all the dependent SNs. The method should also be easier for upgrading SNs along with MNs. Some of the features which I am trying to achieve:- 1) Upgrade of even single software entity is achievable without hindering others. 2) Dependency checks must be done before applying rollback or upgrade on each of the SN 3) User Prompt should be given in case dependency fails.If User still go for rollback, all the SNs should get notification to rollback there own releases (if required). 4) The binaries should be distributed on SNs accordingly so that recovery process is faster; rather fetching every time from MN. 5) Release Patches from developer for bug fixes, feature enhancement can be applied on running system. 6) Each version can be easily tracked and distinguishable. Thanks

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• When creating a GUI wizard, should all pages/tabs be of the same size? [closed]

  - by Job

  I understand that some libraries would force me to, but my question is general. If I have a set of buttons at the bottom: Back, Next, Cancel?, (other?), then should their location ever change? If the answer is no, then what do I do about pages with little content? Do I stretch things? Place them in the lone upper left corner? According to Steve Krug, it does not make sense to add anything to GUI that does not need to be there. I understand that there are different approaches to wizards - some have tabs, others do not. Some tabs are lined horizontally at the top; others - vertically on the left. Some do not show pages/tabs, and are simply sequences of dialogs. This is probably a must when the wizard is "non-linear", e.g. some earlier choices can result in branching. Either way the problem is the same - sacrifice on the consistency of the "big picture" (outline of the page/tab + location of buttons), or the consistency of details (some tabs might be somewhat packed; others having very little content). A third choice, I suppose is putting extra effort in the content in order to make sure that organizing the content such that it is more or less evenly distributed from page to page. However, this can be difficult to do (say, when the very first tab contains only a choice of three things, and then branches off from there; there are probably other examples), and hard to maintain this balance if any of the content changes later. Can you recommend a good approach? A link to a relevant good blog post or a chapter of a book is also welcome. Let me know if you have questions.

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• Cross-platform builds with OGRE3D via CMake. Any tips?

  - by frarees

  I've been trying to compile a simple project for both OSX and Windows platforms, using OGRE3D, but I've got some problems on the way. I'm using CMake to create my platform specific project files (VS solution & Xcode project). Some problems I found are: OGRE3D source is distributed in 2 flavors, Windows sources and UNIX/OSX sources. In OSX, compiling dependencies (freetype, FreeImage and specially OIS) is such a pain. I don't know how to handle precompiled dependencies (they exist for both Win & Mac). May sound like a noob question, but I would appreciate some tips on this. Resources, forum posts, anything. There exists any "cross-platform base project for OGRE3D" on the net? Would be really helpful if someone who already managed to do this can bring some light. Btw, I'm not basing the project on OGRE3D, it's just that is the biggest library I'm probably using, so I depend a lot on it. Thanks in advantage!

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• Enablement 2.0 Get Specialized!

  - by mseika

  Enablement 2.0 Get Specialized! The Oracle PartnerNetwork Specialized program is releasing new certifications on our latest products, and partners are invited to be the first candidates to get certified. Oracle's Certified Exams go through a rigorous review process called a "beta period". Here are a few advantages of taking a Beta Exam: Certification exams taken during the beta period count towards company Specializations. Most new Certified Specialist Exams have no training requirement. Beta Exams Vouchers are available in limited quantity, so request a voucher today by contacting the Partner Enablement Team and act fast to reserve your test from the list below. FREE Certification Testing Are you attending OPN Exchange @ OpenWorld? Then join us at OPN Specialist Test Fest! October 1st - 4th 2012, Marriott Marquis Hotel Pre-register now! Beta testing period will end on October, 6th, 2012 for the following exams: Oracle E-Business Suite R12 Project Essentials (1Z1-511) Beta testing period will end on October, 13th, 2012 for the following exams: Oracle Hyperion Data Relationship Management Essentials (1Z1-588) Beta testing period will end on November, 17th, 2012 for the following exams: Oracle Global Trade Management 6 Essentials (1Z1-589) Exams Coming Soon in Beta Oracle Fusion Distributed Order Orchestration Essentials Exam (1Z1-469) Take the exam(s) now at a near-by Pearson VUE testing center! Contact Us Please direct any inquiries you may have to the Oracle Partner Enablement team at [email protected] For More Information Oracle Certification Program Beta Exams OPN Certified Specialist Exam Study Guides OPN Certified Specialist FAQ

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• Using Git with TFS projects

  If you having been following the updates to CodePlex over the last several months you will have noticed that we added support for Git source control. It is important to the CodePlex team to enable developers to use the source control system that supports their development style whether it is distributed version control or centralized version control. There are many projects on CodePlex that are using TFS centralized version control. But we continue to see more and more developers interested in using Git. Last week Brian Harry announced a new open source project called Git-TF. Git-TF is a client side bridge that enabled developer to use Git locally and push to a remote backed by Team Foundation version control. Git-TF also works great for TFS based projects on CodePlex. You may already be familiar with git-tfs. Git-TFS is a similar client side bridge between Git and TFS. Git-TFS works great if you are on Windows since it depends on the TFS .Net client object model. Git-TF adds the ability to use a Git to TFS bridge on multiple platforms since it is written in Java. You can use it on Mac OS X, Linux, and Windows, etc. Since you are connecting to a TFS Server when using Git-TF make sure you use your CodePlex TFS account name: snd\YOUR_USERNAME_cp along with your password. At this point, you will need to be a member of the project to connect using Git-TF. Resources Git-TF Getting Started Guide Download: Git-TF Git-TF Source on CodePlex

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• Do you have a data roadmap?

  - by BuckWoody

  I often visit companies where they asked me “What is SQL Server’s Roadmap?” What they mean is that they want to know where Microsoft is going with our database products. I explain that we’re expanding not only the capacities in SQL Server but the capabilities – we’re trying to make an “information platform”, rather than just a data store. But it’s interesting when I ask the same question back. “What is your data roadmap?” Most folks are surprised by the question, thinking only about storage and archival. To them, data is data. Ah, not so. Your data is one of the most valuable, if not the most valuable asset in your organization. And you should be thinking about how you’ll acquire it, how it will be distributed, how you’ll archive it (which includes more than just backing it up) and most importantly, how you’ll leverage it. Because it’s only when data becomes information that it is truly useful. to be sure, the folks on the web that collect lots of data have a strategy for it – do you? Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• What is an efficient algorithm for randomly assigning a pool of objects to a parent using specific rules

  - by maple_shaft

  I need some expert answers to help me determine the most efficient algorithm in this scenario. Consider the following data structures: type B { A parent; } type A { set<B> children; integer minimumChildrenAllowed; integer maximumChildrenAllowed; } I have a situation where I need to fetch all the orphan children (there could be hundreds of thousands of these) and assign them RANDOMLY to A type parents based on the following rules. At the end of the job, there should be no orphans left At the end of the job, no object A should have less children than its predesignated minimum. At the end of the job, no object A should have more children than its predesignated maximum. If we run out of A objects then we should create a new A with default values for minimum and maximum and assign remaining orphans to these objects. The distribution of children should be as evenly distributed as possible. There may already be some children assigned to A before the job starts. I was toying with how to do this but I am afraid that I would just end up looping across the parents sorted from smallest to largest, and then grab an orphan for each parent. I was wondering if there is a more efficient way to handle this?

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• OBIEE Capacity Planning

  - by THE

  I can not even recall how many times I was asked by a customer what size the machine should be bought to run our Software. Unfortunately Tech Support is not even the right address to answer that question, as a purchase decision is closely tied to the answer. Hence, Tech Support has been limited to the answer: "The biggest machine you can afford" . Many Customers were unhappy with that and have tried to get us to be more precise and that causes a lot of explanation and lengthy discussion. In the end no one is wiser or happier.  Therefore I am happy to report that at least for OBIEE the decision has just been made a whole lot easier. Have a look at the note Oracle BI EE 11g Architectural Deployment: Capacity Planning (Doc ID 1323646.1) The document attached to that note gives you a good overview for teh sizing of the machines that Oracle recommends to run OBIEE (be it a small installation or a bigger distributed installation) If you have any more questions about this topic and what machines we recommend, then get in contact with  Oracle Consulting or speak to your sales representative.

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• MATLAB: What is an appropriate Data Structure for a Matrix with Random Variable Entries?

  - by user12707

  I'm working in an area that is related to simulation and trying to design a data structure that can include random variables within matrices. I am currently coding in MATLAB. To motivate this let me say I have the following matrix: [a b; c d] I want to find a data structure that will allow for a, b, c, d to be either real numbers or random variables. As an example, let's say that a = 1, b = -1, c = 2 but let d be a normally distributed random variable with mean 20 and SD 40. The data structure that I have in mind will give no value to d. However, I also want to be able to design a function that can take in the structure, simulate an uniform(0,1), obtain a value for d using an inverse CDF and then spit out an actual matrix. I have several ideas to do this (all related to the MATLAB icdf function) but would like to know how more experienced programmers would do it. In this application, it's important that the structure is as "lean" as possible since I will be working with very very large matrices and memory will be an issue.

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• Customer Highlight: NTT DOCOMO

  - by jeckels

  NTT DOCOMO is the largest mobile operator in Japan, and serves over 13 million smartphone customers. Due to their growing data processing and scalability needs, they turned to Oracle's Cloud Application Foundation products for an integral soultion. At Oracle OpenWorld 2012, we first showcased NTT DOCOMO as a customer who was utilizing Oracle Coherence to process mobile data at a rate of 700,000 events per second (and then using Hadoop for distributed processing of big data). Overall, this Led to a 50% cost reduction due to the ultra-high velocity traffic processing of their customers' events. Recently, on October 7th, 2013, Oracle and NTT DOCOMO were proud to again announce a partnership around another key component of Oracle CAF: WebLogic Server. WebLogic was recently deployed as the application platform of choice to run DOCOMO's mission-critical data system ALADIN, which connects nationwide shops and information centers. ALADIN, which also utilizes Oracle Database and Oracle Tuxedo, is based on Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE), which has allowed the company to operate smoothly while minimizing additional development and modification associated with the migration of application server products. We look forward to continuing to partner with NTT DOCOMO, and are proud that Oracle Cloud Application Foundation products are providing the mission-critical solutions - at scale - that DOCOMO requires. Want to learn more about how CAF products are working in the real world? Join us for a FREE Virtual Developer Day on November 5th from 9am-1pm Pacific Time!REGISTER NOW

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• What design pattern (in python) to use for properly seperate runtime infos with core code?

  - by user1824372

  I am not sure if this is a clear question. I work on a python project that is based on terminal(console), for which I am planning to implement a GUI. I am not major in CS so I really have no idea about how to effectively design a message system such that: in console, it provide nice look info when runtime. in GUI, it is directed to a certain widget, let's say, a text label, or a bottom bar, or a hide-able frame. Do you have any suggestions? Currently, I am using print function to provide essential informations on stdout during runtime. So a lot of print .... are distributed here and there among the code. I am thinking to use macro-like variables such as 'FILE_NOT_EXTIS_MESSAGE' for printing, and define the variables in one file. Is this a standard way that people always do? How about I introduce a logging system? In sum, I am ask for a pattern that people are commonly using for handling of screen output information with high effectiveness and adaptivity.

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• Database design for sharing photos site?

  - by javaLearner.java

  I am using php and mysql. If I want to do a sharing photos website, whats the best database design for upload and display photos. This is what I have in mind: domain: |_> photos |_> user Logged in user will upload photo in [http://www.domain.com/user/upload.php] The photos are stored in filesystems, and the path-to-photos stored in database. So, in my photos folder would be like: photos/userA/subfolders+photos, photos/userB/subfolders+photos, photos/userC/subfolders+photos etc Public/others people may view his photo in: [http://www.domain.com/photos/user/?photoid=123] where 123 is the photoid, from there, I will query from database to fetch the path and display the image. My questions: Whats the best database design for photo-sharing website (like flickr)? Will there be any problems if I keep creating new folder in "photos" folder. What if hundreds of thousands users registered? Whats the best practices What size of photos should I keep? Currently I only stored thumbnail (100x100) and (max) 1600x1200 px photos. What others things I should take note when developing photos-sharing website?

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• Overwriting lines in file in C

  - by KáGé

  Hi, I'm doing a project on filesystems on a university operating systems course, my C program should simulate a simple filesystem in a human-readable file, so the file should be based on lines, a line will be a "sector". I've learned, that lines must be of the same length to be overwritten, so I'll pad them with ascii zeroes till the end of the line and leave a certain amount of lines of ascii zeroes that can be filled later. Now I'm making a test program to see if it works like I want it to, but it doesnt. The critical part of my code: file = fopen("irasproba_tesztfajl.txt", "r+"); //it is previously loaded with 10 copies of the line I'll print later in reverse order /* this finds the 3rd line */ int count = 0; //how much have we gone yet? char c; while(count != 2) { if((c = fgetc(file)) == '\n') count++; } fflush(file); fprintf(file, "- . , M N B V C X Y Í U Á É L K J H G F D S A Ú O P O I U Z T R E W Q Ó Ü Ö 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0\n"); fflush(file); fclose(file); Now it does nothing, the file stays the same. What could be the problem? Thank you.

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• Troubleshooting failover cluster problem in W2K8 / SQL05

  - by paulland

  I have an active/passive W2K8 (64) cluster pair, running SQL05 Standard. Shared storage is on a HP EVA SAN (FC). I recently expanded the filesystem on the active node for a database, adding a drive designation. The shared storage drives are designated as F:, I:, J:, L: and X:, with SQL filesystems on the first 4 and X: used for a backup destination. Last night, as part of a validation process (the passive node had been offline for maintenance), I moved the SQL instance to the other cluster node. The database in question immediately moved to Suspect status. Review of the system logs showed that the database would not load because the file "K:\SQLDATA\whatever.ndf" could not be found. (Note that we do not have a K: drive designation.) A review of the J: storage drive showed zero contents -- nothing -- this is where "whatever.ndf" should have been. Hmm, I thought. Problem with the server. I'll just move SQL back to the other server and figure out what's wrong.. Still no database. Suspect. Uh-oh. "Whatever.ndf" had gone into the bit bucket. I finally decided to just restore from the backup (which had been taken immediately before the validation test), so nothing was lost but a few hours of sleep. The question: (1) Why did the passive node think the whatever.ndf files were supposed to go to drive "K:", when this drive didn't exist as a resource on the active node? (2) How can I get the cluster nodes "re-syncd" so that failover can be accomplished? I don't know that there wasn't a "K:" drive as a cluster resource at some time in the past, but I do know that this drive did not exist on the original cluster at the time of resource move.

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• KSH: Variables containing double quotes

  - by nitrobass24

  I have a string called STRING1 that could contain double quotes. I am echoing the string through sed to pull out puntuation then sending to array to count certain words. The problem is I cannot echo variables through double quotes to sed. I am crawling our filesystems looking for files that use FTP commands. I grep each file for "FTP" STRING1=`grep -i ftp $filename` If you echo $STRING1 this is the output (just one example) myserver> echo "Your file `basename $1` is too large to e-mail. You must ftp the file to BMC tech support. \c" echo "Then, ftp it to ftp.bmc.com with the user name 'anonymous.' \c" echo "When the ftp is successful, notify technical support by phone (800-537-1813) or by e-mail ([email protected].)" Then I have this code STRING2=`echo $STRING1|sed 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/ /g'` I have tried double quoting $STRING1 like STRING2=`echo "$STRING1"|sed 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/ /g'` But that does not work. Single Qoutes, just sends $STRING1 as the string to sed...so that did not work. What else can I do here?

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• Subversion (svn) beginner's questions

  - by Marius

  Hello, Here's what i'm trying to do. I have a project in /var/www/project. I'd like to use svn for this project. I've installed SVN on my debian server for this purpose, but i don't understand how to use it and the googling got me even more confused. I'd like to create a repository /var/svn/project and use it. After some changes occur, i'd like to export all the code back to /var/www/project. Now here's what i've done: i've created a repository: svnadmin create /var/svn/project i've imported the code: svn import /var/www/project file:///var/svn/project -m "Initial import" i've checked out the code with "Versions" client Everything seems to work fine, but ... If i go to /var/svn/project, there are no source files from my project there or in any subdirectory. Although the svn client is able to checkout all of those files. So i've read that in svn, files are not stored separately neither in berkley db nor in fsfs filesystems. Then the question is ... how do i export the source back to /var/www/project? If i do an svn export command on the /var/svn/project directory, it says i'm not in a working copy :(

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• web.xml not reloading in tomcat even after stop/start

  - by ajay

  This is in relation to:- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2576514/basic-tomcat-servlet-error I changed my web.xml file, did ant compile , all, /etc/init.d/tomcat stop , start Even then my web.xml file in tomcat deployment is still unchanged. This is build.properties file:- app.name=hello catalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat manager.username=admin manager.password=admin This is my build.xml file. Is there something wrong with this:- <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- General purpose build script for web applications and web services, including enhanced support for deploying directly to a Tomcat 6 based server. This build script assumes that the source code of your web application is organized into the following subdirectories underneath the source code directory from which you execute the build script: docs Static documentation files to be copied to the "docs" subdirectory of your distribution. src Java source code (and associated resource files) to be compiled to the "WEB-INF/classes" subdirectory of your web applicaiton. web Static HTML, JSP, and other content (such as image files), including the WEB-INF subdirectory and its configuration file contents. $Id: build.xml.txt 562814 2007-08-05 03:52:04Z markt $ --> <!-- A "project" describes a set of targets that may be requested when Ant is executed. The "default" attribute defines the target which is executed if no specific target is requested, and the "basedir" attribute defines the current working directory from which Ant executes the requested task. This is normally set to the current working directory. --> <project name="My Project" default="compile" basedir="."> <!-- ===================== Property Definitions =========================== --> <!-- Each of the following properties are used in the build script. Values for these properties are set by the first place they are defined, from the following list: * Definitions on the "ant" command line (ant -Dfoo=bar compile). * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the top level source directory of this application. * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the developer's home directory. * Default definitions in this build.xml file. You will note below that property values can be composed based on the contents of previously defined properties. This is a powerful technique that helps you minimize the number of changes required when your development environment is modified. Note that property composition is allowed within "build.properties" files as well as in the "build.xml" script. --> <property file="build.properties"/> <property file="${user.home}/build.properties"/> <!-- ==================== File and Directory Names ======================== --> <!-- These properties generally define file and directory names (or paths) that affect where the build process stores its outputs. app.name Base name of this application, used to construct filenames and directories. Defaults to "myapp". app.path Context path to which this application should be deployed (defaults to "/" plus the value of the "app.name" property). app.version Version number of this iteration of the application. build.home The directory into which the "prepare" and "compile" targets will generate their output. Defaults to "build". catalina.home The directory in which you have installed a binary distribution of Tomcat 6. This will be used by the "deploy" target. dist.home The name of the base directory in which distribution files are created. Defaults to "dist". manager.password The login password of a user that is assigned the "manager" role (so that he or she can execute commands via the "/manager" web application) manager.url The URL of the "/manager" web application on the Tomcat installation to which we will deploy web applications and web services. manager.username The login username of a user that is assigned the "manager" role (so that he or she can execute commands via the "/manager" web application) --> <property name="app.name" value="myapp"/> <property name="app.path" value="/${app.name}"/> <property name="app.version" value="0.1-dev"/> <property name="build.home" value="${basedir}/build"/> <property name="catalina.home" value="../../../.."/> <!-- UPDATE THIS! --> <property name="dist.home" value="${basedir}/dist"/> <property name="docs.home" value="${basedir}/docs"/> <property name="manager.url" value="http://localhost:8080/manager"/> <property name="src.home" value="${basedir}/src"/> <property name="web.home" value="${basedir}/web"/> <!-- ==================== External Dependencies =========================== --> <!-- Use property values to define the locations of external JAR files on which your application will depend. In general, these values will be used for two purposes: * Inclusion on the classpath that is passed to the Javac compiler * Being copied into the "/WEB-INF/lib" directory during execution of the "deploy" target. Because we will automatically include all of the Java classes that Tomcat 6 exposes to web applications, we will not need to explicitly list any of those dependencies. You only need to worry about external dependencies for JAR files that you are going to include inside your "/WEB-INF/lib" directory. --> <!-- Dummy external dependency --> <!-- <property name="foo.jar" value="/path/to/foo.jar"/> --> <!-- ==================== Compilation Classpath =========================== --> <!-- Rather than relying on the CLASSPATH environment variable, Ant includes features that makes it easy to dynamically construct the classpath you need for each compilation. The example below constructs the compile classpath to include the servlet.jar file, as well as the other components that Tomcat makes available to web applications automatically, plus anything that you explicitly added. --> <path id="compile.classpath"> <!-- Include all JAR files that will be included in /WEB-INF/lib --> <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** --> <!-- <pathelement location="${foo.jar}"/> --> <!-- Include all elements that Tomcat exposes to applications --> <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/bin"> <include name="*.jar"/> </fileset> <pathelement location="${catalina.home}/lib"/> <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/lib"> <include name="*.jar"/> </fileset> </path> <!-- ================== Custom Ant Task Definitions ======================= --> <!-- These properties define custom tasks for the Ant build tool that interact with the "/manager" web application installed with Tomcat 6. Before they can be successfully utilized, you must perform the following steps: - Copy the file "lib/catalina-ant.jar" from your Tomcat 6 installation into the "lib" directory of your Ant installation. - Create a "build.properties" file in your application's top-level source directory (or your user login home directory) that defines appropriate values for the "manager.password", "manager.url", and "manager.username" properties described above. For more information about the Manager web application, and the functionality of these tasks, see <http://localhost:8080/tomcat-docs/manager-howto.html>. --> <taskdef resource="org/apache/catalina/ant/catalina.tasks" classpathref="compile.classpath"/> <!-- ==================== Compilation Control Options ==================== --> <!-- These properties control option settings on the Javac compiler when it is invoked using the <javac> task. compile.debug Should compilation include the debug option? compile.deprecation Should compilation include the deprecation option? compile.optimize Should compilation include the optimize option? --> <property name="compile.debug" value="true"/> <property name="compile.deprecation" value="false"/> <property name="compile.optimize" value="true"/> <!-- ==================== All Target ====================================== --> <!-- The "all" target is a shortcut for running the "clean" target followed by the "compile" target, to force a complete recompile. --> <target name="all" depends="clean,compile" description="Clean build and dist directories, then compile"/> <!-- ==================== Clean Target ==================================== --> <!-- The "clean" target deletes any previous "build" and "dist" directory, so that you can be ensured the application can be built from scratch. --> <target name="clean" description="Delete old build and dist directories"> <delete dir="${build.home}"/> <delete dir="${dist.home}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Compile Target ================================== --> <!-- The "compile" target transforms source files (from your "src" directory) into object files in the appropriate location in the build directory. This example assumes that you will be including your classes in an unpacked directory hierarchy under "/WEB-INF/classes". --> <target name="compile" depends="prepare" description="Compile Java sources"> <!-- Compile Java classes as necessary --> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/> <javac srcdir="${src.home}" destdir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes" debug="${compile.debug}" deprecation="${compile.deprecation}" optimize="${compile.optimize}"> <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> </javac> <!-- Copy application resources --> <copy todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"> <fileset dir="${src.home}" excludes="**/*.java"/> </copy> </target> <!-- ==================== Dist Target ===================================== --> <!-- The "dist" target creates a binary distribution of your application in a directory structure ready to be archived in a tar.gz or zip file. Note that this target depends on two others: * "compile" so that the entire web application (including external dependencies) will have been assembled * "javadoc" so that the application Javadocs will have been created --> <target name="dist" depends="compile,javadoc" description="Create binary distribution"> <!-- Copy documentation subdirectories --> <mkdir dir="${dist.home}/docs"/> <copy todir="${dist.home}/docs"> <fileset dir="${docs.home}"/> </copy> <!-- Create application JAR file --> <jar jarfile="${dist.home}/${app.name}-${app.version}.war" basedir="${build.home}"/> <!-- Copy additional files to ${dist.home} as necessary --> </target> <!-- ==================== Install Target ================================== --> <!-- The "install" target tells the specified Tomcat 6 installation to dynamically install this web application and make it available for execution. It does *not* cause the existence of this web application to be remembered across Tomcat restarts; if you restart the server, you will need to re-install all this web application. If you have already installed this application, and simply want Tomcat to recognize that you have updated Java classes (or the web.xml file), use the "reload" target instead. NOTE: This target will only succeed if it is run from the same server that Tomcat is running on. NOTE: This is the logical opposite of the "remove" target. --> <target name="install" depends="compile" description="Install application to servlet container"> <deploy url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}" path="${app.path}" localWar="file://${build.home}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Javadoc Target ================================== --> <!-- The "javadoc" target creates Javadoc API documentation for the Java classes included in your application. Normally, this is only required when preparing a distribution release, but is available as a separate target in case the developer wants to create Javadocs independently. --> <target name="javadoc" depends="compile" description="Create Javadoc API documentation"> <mkdir dir="${dist.home}/docs/api"/> <javadoc sourcepath="${src.home}" destdir="${dist.home}/docs/api" packagenames="*"> <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> </javadoc> </target> <!-- ====================== List Target =================================== --> <!-- The "list" target asks the specified Tomcat 6 installation to list the currently running web applications, either loaded at startup time or installed dynamically. It is useful to determine whether or not the application you are currently developing has been installed. --> <target name="list" description="List installed applications on servlet container"> <list url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Prepare Target ================================== --> <!-- The "prepare" target is used to create the "build" destination directory, and copy the static contents of your web application to it. If you need to copy static files from external dependencies, you can customize the contents of this task. Normally, this task is executed indirectly when needed. --> <target name="prepare"> <!-- Create build directories as needed --> <mkdir dir="${build.home}"/> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF"/> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/> <!-- Copy static content of this web application --> <copy todir="${build.home}"> <fileset dir="${web.home}"/> </copy> <!-- Copy external dependencies as required --> <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** --> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib"/> <!-- <copy todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib" file="${foo.jar}"/> --> <!-- Copy static files from external dependencies as needed --> <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** --> </target> <!-- ==================== Reload Target =================================== --> <!-- The "reload" signals the specified application Tomcat 6 to shut itself down and reload. This can be useful when the web application context is not reloadable and you have updated classes or property files in the /WEB-INF/classes directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib directory. NOTE: The /WEB-INF/web.xml web application configuration file is not reread on a reload. If you have made changes to your web.xml file you must stop then start the web application. --> <target name="reload" depends="compile" description="Reload application on servlet container"> <reload url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}" path="${app.path}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Remove Target =================================== --> <!-- The "remove" target tells the specified Tomcat 6 installation to dynamically remove this web application from service. NOTE: This is the logical opposite of the "install" target. --> <target name="remove" description="Remove application on servlet container"> <undeploy url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}" path="${app.path}"/> </target> </project>

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• Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

  - by Patrick LeBoutillier

  I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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• ZFS/Btrfs/LVM2-like storage with advanced features on Linux?

  - by Easter Sunshine

  I have 3 identical internal 7200 RPM SATA hard disk drives on a Linux machine. I'm looking for a storage set-up that will give me all of this: Different data sets (filesystems or subtrees) can have different RAID levels so I can choose performance, space overhead, and risk trade-offs differently for different data sets while having a few number of physical disks (very important data can be 3xRAID1, important data can be 3xRAID5, unimportant reproducible data can be 3xRAID0). If each data set has an explicit size or size limit, then the ability to grow and shrink the size limit (offline if need be) Avoid out-of-kernel modules R/W or read-only COW snapshots. If it's a block-level snapshots, the filesystem should be synced and quiesced during a snapshot. Ability to add physical disks and then grow/redistribute RAID1, RAID5, and RAID0 volumes to take advantage of the new spindle and make sure no spindle is hotter than the rest (e.g., in NetApp, growing a RAID-DP raid group by a few disks will not balance the I/O across them without an explicit redistribution) Not required but nice-to-haves: Transparent compression, per-file or subtree. Even better if, like NetApps, analyzes the data first for compressibility and only compresses compressible data Deduplication that doesn't have huge performance penalties or require obscene amounts of memory (NetApp does scheduled deduplication on weekends, which is good) Resistance to silent data corruption like ZFS (this is not required because I have never seen ZFS report any data corruption on these specific disks) Storage tiering, either automatic (based on caching rules) or user-defined rules (yes, I have all-identical disks now but this will let me add a read/write SSD cache in the future). If it's user-defined rules, these rules should have the ability to promote to SSD on a file level and not a block level. Space-efficient packing of small files I tried ZFS on Linux but the limitations were: Upgrading is additional work because the package is in an external repository and is tied to specific kernel versions; it is not integrated with the package manager Write IOPS does not scale with number of devices in a raidz vdev. Cannot add disks to raidz vdevs Cannot have select data on RAID0 to reduce overhead and improve performance without additional physical disks or giving ZFS a single partition of the disks ext4 on LVM2 looks like an option except I can't tell whether I can shrink, extend, and redistribute onto new spindles RAID-type logical volumes (of course, I can experiment with LVM on a bunch of files). As far as I can tell, it doesn't have any of the nice-to-haves so I was wondering if there is something better out there. I did look at LVM dangers and caveats but then again, no system is perfect.

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• Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

  - by Patrick LeBoutillier

  Hi, I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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