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  • linux routing bug?

    - by Balázs Pozsár
    I have been struggling with this not easily reproducible issue since a while. I am using linux kernel v3.1.0, and sometimes routing to a few IP addresses does not work. What seems to happen is that instead of sending the packet to the gateway, the kernel treats the destination address as local, and tries to gets its MAC address via ARP. For example, now my current IP address is 172.16.1.104/24, the gateway is 172.16.1.254: # ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:63:97:FC:DC inet addr:172.16.1.104 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:230772 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:171013 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:191879370 (182.9 Mb) TX bytes:47173253 (44.9 Mb) Interrupt:17 # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 I can ping a few addresses, but not 172.16.0.59: # ping -c1 172.16.1.254 PING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms --- 172.16.1.254 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.383/0.383/0.383/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.1 PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=5.54 ms --- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.545/5.545/5.545/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.2 PING 172.16.0.2 (172.16.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=7.92 ms --- 172.16.0.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.925/7.925/7.925/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.59 PING 172.16.0.59 (172.16.0.59) 56(84) bytes of data. From 172.16.1.104 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable --- 172.16.0.59 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms When trying to ping 172.16.0.59, I can see in tcpdump that an ARP req was sent: # tcpdump -n -i eth0|grep ARP tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 15:25:16.671217 ARP, Request who-has 172.16.0.59 tell 172.16.1.104, length 28 and /proc/net/arp has an incomplete entry for 172.16.0.59: # grep 172.16.0.59 /proc/net/arp 172.16.0.59 0x1 0x0 00:00:00:00:00:00 * eth0 Please note, that 172.16.0.59 is accessible from this LAN from other computers. Does anyone have any idea of what's going on? Thanks. update: replies to the comments below: there are no interfaces besides eth0 and lo the ARP req cannot be seen on the other end, but that's how it should work. the main problem is that an ARP req should not even be sent at the first place the problem persist even if I add an explicit route with the command "route add -host 172.16.0.59 gw 172.16.1.254 dev eth0"

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  • How to understand the memory usage and load average in linux server

    - by Tim
    Hi, I am using a linux server which has 128GB of memory and 24 cores. I use top to see how much it is used. Its output is pasted at the end of the post. Here are two questions: (1) I see that each of the running processes occupies a very small percentage of memory (%MEM no more than 0.2%, and most just 0.0%), but how the total memory is almost used as in the fourth line of output ("Mem: 130766620k total, 130161072k used, 605548k free, 919300k buffers")? The sum of used percentage of memory over all processes seems unlikely to achieve almost 100%, doesn't it? (2) how to understand the load average on the first line ("load average: 14.04, 14.02, 14.00")? Thanks and regards! Edit: Thanks! I also really like to hear some rough numbers based on used percentage of memory to determine if a server is heavily loaded, since I once became the one who cramed the server without understanding the current load. Is swap regarded as almost the same as memory? For example, when memory and swap are almost of same size, if the memory is almost running out but the swap is still largely free, may I just view it as if the used percentage of memory + swap is still not high and run other new processes? How would you consider together CPU or memory (or memory + swap) usage? Do you become worried if either of them reaches too high or both? Output of top: $ top top - 12:45:33 up 19 days, 23:11, 18 users, load average: 14.04, 14.02, 14.00 Tasks: 484 total, 12 running, 472 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 36.7%us, 19.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 43.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 130766620k total, 130161072k used, 605548k free, 919300k buffers Swap: 63111312k total, 500556k used, 62610756k free, 124437752k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 6529 sanchez 18 -2 1075m 219m 13m S 100 0.2 13760:23 MATLAB 13210 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1216 R 100 0.0 3:56.75 absurdity 13888 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1204 R 100 0.0 2:04.89 absurdity 14542 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1196 R 100 0.0 1:08.34 absurdity 14544 timothy 18 -2 2888 2076 400 R 100 0.0 1:06.14 gatherData 6183 sanchez 18 -2 1133m 195m 13m S 100 0.2 13676:04 MATLAB 6795 sanchez 18 -2 1079m 210m 13m S 100 0.2 13734:26 MATLAB 10178 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1204 R 100 0.0 11:33.93 absurdity 12438 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1216 R 100 0.0 5:38.17 absurdity 13661 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1216 R 100 0.0 2:44.13 absurdity 14098 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1204 R 100 0.0 1:58.31 absurdity 14335 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1196 R 100 0.0 1:08.93 absurdity 14765 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1196 R 99 0.0 0:32.57 absurdity 13445 timothy 18 -2 48336 37m 1216 R 99 0.0 3:01.37 absurdity 28990 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 2 0.0 65:50.21 pdflush 12141 tim 18 -2 19380 1660 1024 R 1 0.0 0:04.04 top 1240 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 16:07.11 kjournald 9019 root 20 0 296m 4460 2616 S 0 0.0 82:19.51 kdm_greet 1 root 20 0 4028 728 592 S 0 0.0 0:03.11 init 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.01 migration/0 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:08.13 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 17:27.31 migration/1 7 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.21 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 10:02.56 migration/2 10 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.34 ksoftirqd/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 12 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 4:29.53 migration/3 13 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.34 ksoftirqd/3

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  • Openvpn issue with linux

    - by catsy
    So I've tried to setup openvpn, I followed some guide but it's stuck att "initialization sequence completed" with no connection and I can't find any working solution... here's the log: $Sun Sep 23 19:14:32 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.0 i486-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 20 2010 Enter Auth Username:pumpedup Enter Auth Password: Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 LZO compression initialized Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[163840-131072] S=[163840-131072] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194 Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194, sid=87a95723 a6d7b7f9 Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=NV/ST=NV/L=nVPN/O=nVpn/CN=nVpn_CA/[email protected] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=NV/ST=NV/L=nVPN/O=nVpn/CN=server/[email protected] Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1542', remote='link-mtu 6042' Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 WARNING: 'tun-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='tun-mtu 1500', remote='tun-mtu 6000' Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,route 10.102.162.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.102.162.6 10.102.162.5' Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 ROUTE default_gateway=10.0.2.2 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.102.162.6 pointopoint 10.102.162.5 mtu 1500 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 192.162.102.162 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.0.2.2 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 10.102.162.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed

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  • Laptop won't get to grub after meddling with kernels

    - by Joren
    I recently found out I had different kernel versions installed, so I removed the 3.9 kernel as proposed in this answer on my earlier question. After that, I updated my grub, but My laptop won't seem to reach it. Output of aptitude search linux | grep ^i: i libselinux1 - SELinux runtime shared libraries i libselinux1:i386 - SELinux runtime shared libraries i linux-firmware - Firmware for Linux kernel drivers i A linux-headers-3.11.0-12 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi i A linux-headers-3.11.0-12-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 3.11.0 on i linux-headers-3.11.4-031104 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi i linux-headers-3.11.4-031104-gen - Linux kernel headers for version 3.11.4 on i linux-headers-generic - Generic Linux kernel headers i linux-libc-dev - Linux Kernel Headers for development i linux-sound-base - base package for ALSA and OSS sound system i pptp-linux - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) C i syslinux - collection of boot loaders i syslinux-common - collection of boot loaders (common files) i syslinux-legacy - Bootloader for Linux/i386 using MS-DOS flo i util-linux - Miscellaneous system utilities How do I proceed to fix this error from my live cd?

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  • Linux software raid fails to include one device for one RAID1 array

    - by user1389890
    One of my four Linux software raid arrays drops one of its two devices when I reboot my system. The other three arrays work fine. I am running RAID1 on kernel version 2.6.32-5-amd64. Every time I reboot, /dev/md2 comes up with only one device. I can manually add the device by saying $ sudo mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sdc1. This works fine, and mdadm confirms that the device has been re-added as follows: mdadm: re-added /dev/sdc1 After adding the device and and allowing the array time to resynch, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Then after I reboot, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> During reboot, here is the output of $ sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep mdadm : Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: RebuildFinished event detected on md device /dev/md2 Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: SpareActive event detected on md device /dev/md2, component device /dev/sdc1 Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446412] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446415] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446782] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446785] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515844] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515847] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606829] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606832] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855616] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855620] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855950] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855952] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962169] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962171] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054365] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054368] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588662] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588664] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601990] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601991] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602693] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602695] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605981] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605983] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606138] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606139] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:48 rook mdadm[1737]: DegradedArray event detected on md device /dev/md2 Here is the mdadm.conf file: ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=0.90 UUID=92121d42:37f46b82:926983e9:7d8aad9b ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=0.90 UUID=9c1bafc3:1762d51d:c1ae3c29:66348110 ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=0.90 UUID=98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 ARRAY /dev/md3 metadata=1.2 name=rook:3 UUID=ca3fce37:95d49a09:badd0ddc:b63a4792 I also ran $ sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdc and no hardware issues were detected. As long as I do not reboot, /dev/md2 seems to work fine. Does anyone have any suggestions? Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 5fd6cc13 - correct Events : 180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 0 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md2 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Events : 0.180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1

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  • Upon reboot, Linux software raid fails to include one device of a RAID1 array

    - by user1389890
    One of my four Linux software raid arrays drops one of its two devices when I reboot my system. The other three arrays work fine. I am running RAID1 on kernel version 2.6.32-5-amd64 (Debian Squeeze). Every time I reboot, /dev/md2 comes up with only one device. I can manually add the device by saying $ sudo mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sdc1. This works fine, and mdadm confirms that the device has been re-added as follows: mdadm: re-added /dev/sdc1 After adding the device and allowing the array time to resynch, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Then after I reboot, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> During reboot, here is the output of $ sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep mdadm : Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: RebuildFinished event detected on md device /dev/md2 Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: SpareActive event detected on md device /dev/md2, component device /dev/sdc1 Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446412] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446415] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446782] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446785] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515844] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515847] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606829] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606832] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855616] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855620] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855950] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855952] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962169] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962171] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054365] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054368] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588662] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588664] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601990] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601991] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602693] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602695] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605981] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605983] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606138] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606139] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:48 rook mdadm[1737]: DegradedArray event detected on md device /dev/md2 Here is the result of $ cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf: ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=0.90 UUID=92121d42:37f46b82:926983e9:7d8aad9b ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=0.90 UUID=9c1bafc3:1762d51d:c1ae3c29:66348110 ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=0.90 UUID=98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 ARRAY /dev/md3 metadata=1.2 name=rook:3 UUID=ca3fce37:95d49a09:badd0ddc:b63a4792 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 5fd6cc13 - correct Events : 180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 0 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md2 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Events : 0.180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 I also ran $ sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdc and no hardware issues were detected. As long as I do not reboot, /dev/md2 seems to work fine. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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  • Improving SAS multipath to JBOD performance on Linux

    - by user36825
    Hello all I'm trying to optimize a storage setup on some Sun hardware with Linux. Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated. We have the following hardware: Sun Blade X6270 2* LSISAS1068E SAS controllers 2* Sun J4400 JBODs with 1 TB disks (24 disks per JBOD) Fedora Core 12 2.6.33 release kernel from FC13 (also tried with latest 2.6.31 kernel from FC12, same results) Here's the datasheet for the SAS hardware: http://www.sun.com/storage/storage_networking/hba/sas/PCIe.pdf It's using PCI Express 1.0a, 8x lanes. With a bandwidth of 250 MB/sec per lane, we should be able to do 2000 MB/sec per SAS controller. Each controller can do 3 Gb/sec per port and has two 4 port PHYs. We connect both PHYs from a controller to a JBOD. So between the JBOD and the controller we have 2 PHYs * 4 SAS ports * 3 Gb/sec = 24 Gb/sec of bandwidth, which is more than the PCI Express bandwidth. With write caching enabled and when doing big writes, each disk can sustain about 80 MB/sec (near the start of the disk). With 24 disks, that means we should be able to do 1920 MB/sec per JBOD. multipath { rr_min_io 100 uid 0 path_grouping_policy multibus failback manual path_selector "round-robin 0" rr_weight priorities alias somealias no_path_retry queue mode 0644 gid 0 wwid somewwid } I tried values of 50, 100, 1000 for rr_min_io, but it doesn't seem to make much difference. Along with varying rr_min_io I tried adding some delay between starting the dd's to prevent all of them writing over the same PHY at the same time, but this didn't make any difference, so I think the I/O's are getting properly spread out. According to /proc/interrupts, the SAS controllers are using a "IR-IO-APIC-fasteoi" interrupt scheme. For some reason only core #0 in the machine is handling these interrupts. I can improve performance slightly by assigning a separate core to handle the interrupts for each SAS controller: echo 2 /proc/irq/24/smp_affinity echo 4 /proc/irq/26/smp_affinity Using dd to write to the disk generates "Function call interrupts" (no idea what these are), which are handled by core #4, so I keep other processes off this core too. I run 48 dd's (one for each disk), assigning them to cores not dealing with interrupts like so: taskset -c somecore dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/mpathx oflag=direct bs=128M oflag=direct prevents any kind of buffer cache from getting involved. None of my cores seem maxed out. The cores dealing with interrupts are mostly idle and all the other cores are waiting on I/O as one would expect. Cpu0 : 0.0%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 91.2%id, 7.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 0.0%us, 0.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.0%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 6.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu2 : 0.0%us, 0.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.4%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 4.8%si, 0.0%st Cpu3 : 0.0%us, 7.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.3%id, 56.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu4 : 0.0%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 85.7%id, 4.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 8.1%si, 0.0%st Cpu5 : 0.1%us, 5.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.2%id, 58.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu6 : 0.0%us, 5.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.3%id, 58.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu7 : 0.0%us, 5.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.3%id, 58.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu8 : 0.1%us, 8.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 27.2%id, 64.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu9 : 0.1%us, 7.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.2%id, 55.8%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu10 : 0.0%us, 7.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.2%id, 56.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu11 : 0.0%us, 7.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.3%id, 56.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu12 : 0.0%us, 5.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 33.1%id, 61.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu13 : 0.1%us, 5.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.1%id, 58.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu14 : 0.0%us, 4.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.4%id, 58.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu15 : 0.1%us, 5.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 36.5%id, 58.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Given all this, the throughput reported by running "dstat 10" is in the range of 2200-2300 MB/sec. Given the math above I would expect something in the range of 2*1920 ~= 3600+ MB/sec. Does anybody have any idea where my missing bandwidth went? Thanks!

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  • Synergy on Linux and Linux

    - by archer
    Using Synergy-plus-1.3.4 on Gentoo Linux kernel 2.6.36-tuxonice-r3. Using SHIFT+CAPS to change keyboard layout on BOTH server and client boxes. Works perfectly if change layout using attached keyboard. But when using synergy keyboard (moved mouse from server screen to client and changing with SHIFT+CAPS) it has no effect. Synergy is just amazing thing exception this small issue which I'm assured is solvable. Please, gimme some hint.

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  • apache-memory-hacker-linux

    - by bibhudatta
    When we start the linux system it take only 435mb memory and it is 4GB memory server. When we start the httpd services it take 1000mb and outmatically it take all the memory and the server crase. even we stop the apache just it release 200mb memory. What will be the problem Can any one tell me what these hacker are doing. I see they are goinging some hit to my apache by some but I thing they are doing from this system. Below is the log. Please help me out for this. [root@host ~]# tail -20 /var/log/httpd/dostizone.com-combined.log 180.76.5.143 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:16 +0530] "GET /blogs/10248/209403/nfl-panties-since-the-quality-of HTTP/1.1" 403 2298 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" 180.76.5.88 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:31 +0530] "GET /blogs/815/158725/new-jersey-attorney-search HTTP/1.1" 403 2290 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" 220.181.108.186 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:32 +0530] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 5043 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" crawl-66-249-67-137.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:20 +0530] "GET /blogs/805/11279/supra-suprano-high-shoes HTTP/1.1" 200 30642 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:37 +0530] "GET /blogs/10514/215084/oakland-raiders-sweatpants-tags HTTP/1.1" 403 2297 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 220.181.94.237 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:12 +0530] "GET /profile/8509 HTTP/1.1" 200 236894 "-" "Sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)" 220.181.94.237 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:43 +0530] "GET /mode-switch?return_url=%2Fblogs%2F8529%2F160217%2Fclimate-jordan-6 HTTP/1.1" 302 1 "-" "Sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:44 +0530] "GET /blogs/390/61573/blackhawk-jerseys-from-the-you HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 124.115.0.159 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:24 +0530] "GET /blogs/693/46081/application/modules/Hecore/externals/scripts/core.js HTTP/1.1" 200 26869 "http://dostizone.com/blogs/693/46081/thomas-sabo-charms-hot-chilli" "Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)" 124.115.0.159 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:24 +0530] "GET /blogs/693/46081/application/modules/Activity/externals/scripts/core.js HTTP/1.1" 200 26873 "http://dostizone.com/blogs/693/46081/thomas-sabo-charms-hot-chilli" "Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)" 124.115.0.159 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:24 +0530] "GET /blogs/693/46081/application/modules/Hecore/externals/scripts/imagezoom/core.js HTTP/1.1" 200 26899 "http://dostizone.com/blogs/693/46081/thomas-sabo-charms-hot-chilli" "Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)" 180.76.5.153 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:50 +0530] "GET /blogs/10252/212268/cleveland-browns-authentic-jerse HTTP/1.1" 403 2298 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:51 +0530] "GET /blogs/741/46260/chocolate-ugg-women-boots-1873 HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 124.115.1.7 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:40 +0530] "GET /blogs/682/97454/swarovski-jewellry-sale-articles HTTP/1.1" 200 25770 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:56 +0530] "GET /blogs/779/60941/players-a-to-z-michael-cuddyer HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:01 +0530] "GET /blogs/469/58551/chicago-bears-news-there-exist HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 220.181.94.237 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:54 +0530] "GET /blogs/8529/160217/climate-jordan-6 HTTP/1.1" 200 30750 "-" "Sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)" 180.76.5.59 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:05 +0530] "GET /blogs/815/158197/cheap-calgary-flames-jerseys HTTP/1.1" 403 2292 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:06 +0530] "GET /mode-switch?return_url=%2Fblogs%2F387%2F45679%2Fhandbag-louis-vuitton-judy-mm-m4 HTTP/1.1" 403 2258 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" crawl-66-249-67-137.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:10 +0530] "GET /public/temporary/c83b731ecc556d7fd1a7732d9ac16ed6.png HTTP/1.1" 404 2305 "-" "Googlebot-Image/1

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  • Synergy on Linux and Linux

    - by archer
    Using Synergy-plus-1.3.4 on Gentoo Linux kernel 2.6.36-tuxonice-r3. Using SHIFT+CAPS to change keyboard layout on BOTH server and client boxes. Works perfectly if change layout using attached keyboard. But when using synergy keyboard (moved mouse from server screen to client and changing with SHIFT+CAPS) it has no effect. Synergy is just amazing thing exception this small issue which I'm assured is solvable. Please, gimme some hint.

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  • How to make an existing socket fail?

    - by Huckphin
    OK. So, this is exactly the opposite of what everyone asks about in network programming. Usually, people ask how to make a broken socket work. I, on the other hand am looking for the opposite. I currently have sockets working fine, and want them to break to re-create this problem we are seeing. I am not sure how to go about intentionally making the socket fail by having a bad read. The trick is this: The socket needs to be a working, established connection, and then it must fail for whatever reason. I'm writing this in C and the drivers are running on a Linux system. The sockets are handled by a non-IP Level 3 protocol in Linux by a Linux Device Driver. I have full access to all of the code-base, I just need to find a way to tease it out so that it can fail. Any ideas?

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  • Linux (NAS) Permissions problem (Permission Denied)

    - by calumbrodie
    This is probably easier to show than to explain... -bash-3.2$ id uid=501(admin) gid=503(admin) groups=100(users),501(admins),503(admin) -bash-3.2$ groups admin users admins -bash-3.2$ ls -l total 8 drwxrwxrwx 78 admin www 4096 Dec 9 09:02 Inbox drwxrwxrwx 21 admin www 4096 Dec 8 21:45 Movies drwxrwx--- 3 admin www 52 Dec 9 07:57 TV -bash-3.2$ cd Movies -bash-3.2$ ls -l total 20 drwxrwx--- 7 admin www 4096 Dec 8 00:04 Action drwxrwx--- 6 admin www 4096 Dec 8 00:05 Animation drwxrwx--- 4 admin www 4096 Dec 8 00:17 Comedy drwxrwx--- 4 admin www 4096 Dec 8 00:14 Drama drwxrwx--- 4 admin www 4096 Dec 8 00:14 Family drwxrwx--- 6 admin www 58 Dec 6 19:10 Foreign Language drwxrwx--- 2 admin www 31 Dec 7 23:58 Horror drwxrwx--- 3 admin www 50 Dec 8 00:15 Science Fiction drwxrwx--- 2 admin www 6 Dec 8 00:16 Thriller -bash-3.2$ cd ../Inbox -bash: cd: ../Inbox: Permission denied Filesystem is XFS. Are there permissions on the directories that ls -l wouldn't show? I'm the owner of all directories and files inside them. I can sudo to modify the file permissions or view the contents of the folders but I need them to be accessible by 'admin'. Any ideas? I'll be checking the question regularly so let me know if I need to update this with more information. Thanks Edit : Added strace execve("/bin/ls", ["ls", "Inbox"], [/* 21 vars */]) = 0 brk(0) = 0x26000 uname({sys="Linux", node="axentraserver.the-brodie-stora.mystora.com", ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x4001c000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=17972, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 17972, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x4001d000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/librt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0P\25\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=39776, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 57816, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40025000 mprotect(0x4002b000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x40032000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x5) = 0x40032000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\0\24\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=134375, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 54368, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40034000 mprotect(0x4003a000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x40041000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x5) = 0x40041000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\2147\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=297439, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 117504, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40042000 mprotect(0x40056000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x4005d000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x13) = 0x4005d000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libgcc_s.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\10\"\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=43164, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40022000 mmap2(NULL, 74572, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x4005f000 mprotect(0x4006a000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x40071000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xa) = 0x40071000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0XI\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1517948, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 1245628, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40072000 mprotect(0x40195000, 32768, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x4019d000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x123) = 0x4019d000 mmap2(0x401a0000, 8636, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x401a0000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\230A\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=121044, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 115184, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x401a3000 mprotect(0x401b5000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x401bc000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x11) = 0x401bc000 mmap2(0x401be000, 4592, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x401be000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\364\f\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=40571, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 45512, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x401c0000 mprotect(0x401c3000, 32768, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x401cb000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3) = 0x401cb000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\254\10\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=15344, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 41116, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x401cc000 mprotect(0x401ce000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x401d5000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1) = 0x401d5000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libsepol.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\330/\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=228044, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 301748, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x401d7000 mprotect(0x4020f000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x40216000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x37) = 0x40216000 mmap2(0x40217000, 39604, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40217000 close(3) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40221000 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40222000 set_tls(0x40221d00, 0x40221d00, 0x40024000, 0x402223e8, 0x41) = 0 mprotect(0x401d5000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x401bc000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x4019d000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x4005d000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x40032000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x40023000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0x4001d000, 17972) = 0 set_tid_address(0x402218a8) = 9539 set_robust_list(0x402218b0, 0xc) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x401a6d90, [], SA_SIGINFO|0x4000000}, NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x401a6c64, [], SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO|0x4000000}, NULL, 8) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0 getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0 brk(0) = 0x26000 brk(0x47000) = 0x47000 open("/proc/mounts", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x4001d000 read(3, "rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0\nubi0:root"..., 1024) = 1024 read(3, "fs.xino,noplink,create=mfs,sum,b"..., 1024) = 428 read(3, "", 1024) = 0 close(3) = 0 munmap(0x4001d000, 4096) = 0 access("/etc/selinux/", F_OK) = 0 open("/etc/selinux/config", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=52, ws_col=153, ws_xpixel=918, ws_ypixel=728}) = 0 stat64("Inbox", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(3) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(3) = 0 open("/etc/nsswitch.conf", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1696, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x4001d000 read(3, "#\n# /etc/nsswitch.conf\n#\n# An ex"..., 4096) = 1696 read(3, "", 4096) = 0 close(3) = 0 munmap(0x4001d000, 4096) = 0 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=17972, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 17972, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x4001d000 close(3) = 0 open("/lib/libnss_files.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\304\27\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=49256, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 70316, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40223000 mprotect(0x4022c000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap2(0x40233000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x8) = 0x40233000 close(3) = 0 mprotect(0x40233000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0x4001d000, 17972) = 0 open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1661, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x4001d000 read(3, "root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n"..., 4096) = 1661 close(3) = 0 munmap(0x4001d000, 4096) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(3) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 connect(3, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/nscd/socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) close(3) = 0 open("/etc/group", O_RDONLY) = 3 fcntl64(3, F_GETFD) = 0 fcntl64(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=700, ...}) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x4001d000 read(3, "root:x:0:root\nbin:x:1:root,bin,d"..., 4096) = 700 close(3) = 0 munmap(0x4001d000, 4096) = 0 open("Inbox", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied) write(2, "ls: ", 4ls: ) = 4 write(2, "Inbox", 5Inbox) = 5 write(2, ": Permission denied", 19: Permission denied) = 19 write(2, "\n", 1 ) = 1 close(1) = 0 exit_group(2) = ? 2nd edit: Elaboration for Mike. The Inbox sits at the following location /home/admin/MyLibrary/MyVideos/Inbox /home/admin/MyLibrary/MyVideos/Movies The system is a Netgear Stora NAS box that I have root access to. The /home/ folder is mounted as an smb share on various computers around the house. The folder /Inbox cannot be opened on any of those machines (they all connect as 'admin'). When I ssh into the box using the 'admin' credentials I am also unable to access the folder. The folder was created via a Web Admin page hosted on the NAS. The user/group for the Inbox folder was previously apache:www (expected as this folder was created by the web application), but I chmod/chowned the folder as the root user in an attempt to grant the admin user (therefore the rest of the connected machines) access to the files. Sorry for not including this earlier, I wasn't sure if it was relevant and didn't want to confuse the situation. -Thanks 3rd Edit Sorry again - It looks like this NAS is running some custom version of Red Hat, not Debian as previously stated - I'm not sure if this makes a difference

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  • What's a good Linux distro for an older PC?

    - by jdamae
    I'm new to Linux and I am interested in installing it on an older computer I have. I want to set a web server up, and install PHP and Perl on it. My PC is an older HP Pavilion a255c, with an Intel Pentium 4 processor and 512 MB of RAM. I will probably add some more memory later. This PC is more like a sandbox than anything, but I would like to get started quickly with the OS. Is there a particular flavor of Linux I would need to download because I have an old computer? I was thinking about Ubuntu, but I'm not sure what version to go with.

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  • Connect ps/2->usb keyboard to linux?

    - by Daniel
    I have a lovely ancient ergonomic keyboard (no name SK - 6000) connected via a DIN-ps/2 adapter to a ps/2-usb adapter to my docking station. After Grub it stops working. It takes either suspending and waking up or replugging it while Linux is running to get it to work. No extra kernel modules get loaded for this. When it works and I restart without power off, it will work immediately. Even when it does not work, it is visible (lsusb device number varies but output is identical whether working or not): $ lsusb -v -s 001:006 Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0a81:0205 Chesen Electronics Corp. PS/2 Keyboard+Mouse Adapter Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x0a81 Chesen Electronics Corp. idProduct 0x0205 PS/2 Keyboard+Mouse Adapter bcdDevice 0.10 iManufacturer 1 CHESEN iProduct 2 PS2 to USB Converter iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 59 bNumInterfaces 2 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 2 PS2 to USB Converter bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 100mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 1 Boot Interface Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 1 Keyboard iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.10 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 64 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 10 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 1 Boot Interface Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 2 Mouse iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.10 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 148 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 10 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) $ ll -R /sys/bus/hid/drivers/ /sys/bus/hid/drivers/: total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jul 8 2012 generic-usb/ /sys/bus/hid/drivers/generic-usb: total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jul 7 23:33 0003:046D:C03D.0003 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.2/1-1.2.2:1.0/0003:046D:C03D.0003/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jul 7 23:33 0003:0A81:0205.0001 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jul 7 23:33 0003:0A81:0205.0002 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.1/0003:0A81:0205.0002/ --w------- 1 root root 4096 Jul 7 23:32 bind lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jul 7 23:33 module -> ../../../../module/usbhid/ --w------- 1 root root 4096 Jul 7 23:32 new_id --w------- 1 root root 4096 Jul 8 2012 uevent --w------- 1 root root 4096 Jul 7 23:32 unbind When replugging, dmesg shows this (which except for the 1st line and different input numbers already came at boot time): [ 1583.295385] usb 1-1.2.1: new low-speed USB device number 6 using ehci_hcd [ 1583.446514] input: CHESEN PS2 to USB Converter as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/input/input17 [ 1583.446817] generic-usb 0003:0A81:0205.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.10 Keyboard [CHESEN PS2 to USB Converter] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.2.1/input0 [ 1583.454764] input: CHESEN PS2 to USB Converter as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.1/input/input18 [ 1583.455534] generic-usb 0003:0A81:0205.0002: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.10 Mouse [CHESEN PS2 to USB Converter] on usb-0000:00:1a.0-1.2.1/input1 [ 1583.455578] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 1583.455584] usbhid: USB HID core driver So I tried $ sudo udevadm test /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/hidraw/hidraw0 run_command: calling: test adm_test: version 175 This program is for debugging only, it does not run any program, specified by a RUN key. It may show incorrect results, because some values may be different, or not available at a simulation run. parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-crda.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-fuse.rules' as rules file ... parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb-media-players.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules' as rules file ... parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/42-qemu-usb.rules' as rules file ... parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/69-cd-sensors.rules' as rules file add_rule: IMPORT found builtin 'usb_id', replacing /lib/udev/rules.d/69-cd-sensors.rules:76 ... parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/77-mm-usb-device-blacklist.rules' as rules file ... parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/85-usbmuxd.rules' as rules file ... parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-hid.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/95-upower-wup.rules' as rules file parse_file: reading '/lib/udev/rules.d/97-bluetooth-hid2hci.rules' as rules file udev_rules_new: rules use 271500 bytes tokens (22625 * 12 bytes), 44331 bytes buffer udev_rules_new: temporary index used 76320 bytes (3816 * 20 bytes) udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e4d2d0 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/hidraw/hidraw0' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e5f820 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/hidraw/hidraw0' udev_device_read_db: device 0x7f78a5e5f820 filled with db file data udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e60270 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e609c0 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e61160 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e61960 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e62150 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e62940 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e630f0 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0' udev_device_new_from_syspath: device 0x7f78a5e638a0 has devpath '/devices/pci0000:00' udev_event_execute_rules: no node name set, will use kernel supplied name 'hidraw0' udev_node_add: creating device node '/dev/hidraw0', devnum=251:0, mode=0600, uid=0, gid=0 udev_node_mknod: preserve file '/dev/hidraw0', because it has correct dev_t udev_node_mknod: preserve permissions /dev/hidraw0, 020600, uid=0, gid=0 node_symlink: preserve already existing symlink '/dev/char/251:0' to '../hidraw0' udev_device_update_db: created empty file '/run/udev/data/c251:0' for '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/hidraw/hidraw0' ACTION=add DEVNAME=/dev/hidraw0 DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/hidraw/hidraw0 MAJOR=251 MINOR=0 SUBSYSTEM=hidraw UDEV_LOG=6 USEC_INITIALIZED=969079051 The later lines sound like it's already there. And none of these awakes the keyboard: $ sudo udevadm trigger --verbose --sysname-match=usb* /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1 /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usbmon/usbmon1 /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2 /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usbmon/usbmon2 /sys/devices/virtual/usbmon/usbmon0 $ sudo udevadm trigger --verbose --sysname-match=hidraw0 /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.2/1-1.2.1/1-1.2.1:1.0/0003:0A81:0205.0001/hidraw/hidraw0 $ sudo udevadm trigger I also tried this to no avail: # echo -n 0003:0A81:0205.0001 > /sys/bus/hid/drivers/generic-usb/bind ksh: echo: write to 1 failed [No such device] # echo -n 0003:0A81:0205.0001 > /sys/bus/hid/drivers/generic-usb/unbind # echo -n 0003:0A81:0205.0001 > /sys/bus/hid/drivers/generic-usb/bind # echo usb1 >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind # echo usb1 >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind What else should I try to get the same result as replugging or suspending, by just issuing a command?

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  • How to set up a PC which can be booted from Linux AND Windows?

    - by Martin
    Our PC was running Windows XP up to know. It has become incredibly slow and I'm considering switching to Linux (Ubuntu?!) as a fresh OS. However, there are some applications we rarely use which run only on Windows and I also want to have the possibility to easily go back to the old system, if I should find during testing linux, that anything is missing or not available. So the idea is to install Linux on a new (second) hard drive and use the existing Windows XP from a virtual machine (converted by Paragon Drive Backup) in the transition time. We have a lot of data on the PC, tens of GBs of Photos (managed by Picasa), ... My questions: What could be the best way to setup the new hard drive? (Partitions) I assume that I can not access the Linux data from Windows but I could access (read/write) windows drives from Linux? Does anyone know good tutorials for this use case? What other things might I have to consider for transition Windows-Linux?

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  • Unable to connect to Linux (Virtual OS-vmware) through Putty on Windows

    - by RBA
    Hi, I want to access my Linux box (Virtual OS) through Putty on Windows using Run command: putty -ssh -P 22 192.168.171.130,,, but it is returning an error message, not able to connect. But few days back I was able to connect it today. But not now. Why?? Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : rba7791fd466 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-01 Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.234.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Dell Wireless 1395 WLAN Mini-Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-24-2B-60-A0-88 Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.2 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.1 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Friday, August 28, 2009 4:11:09 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, August 29, 2009 4:11:09 AM Ubuntu Configuration eth0 inet addr:192.168.171.130

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  • Small 64-bit linux server distro with low memory footprint?

    - by djangofan
    I am looking for a linux server distro with a low memory footprint. I usually use Ubuntu but I need something with a smaller footprint in order to run a large Java JVM service inside of it and also run X-windows. Any ideas? The Java service needs to handle a 3GB memory heap and so I require a 64-bit OS and JRE. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%5Fof%5FLinux%5Fdistributions I am thinking that ArchLinux is the only one that I can find right now. It uses 250MB out of the box (without X-win). Any better suggestions?

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  • Linux server is only using 60% of memory, then swapping

    - by Kamil Kisiel
    I've got a Linux server that's running our bacula backup system. The machine is grinding like mad because it's going heavy in to swap. The problem is, it's only using 60% of its physical memory! Here's the output from free -m: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3949 2356 1593 0 0 1 -/+ buffers/cache: 2354 1595 Swap: 7629 1804 5824 and some sample output from vmstat 1: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 1843536 1634512 0 4188 54 13 2524 666 2 1 1 1 89 9 0 1 11 1845916 1640724 0 388 2700 4816 221880 4879 14409 170721 4 3 63 30 0 0 9 1846096 1643952 0 0 4956 756 174832 804 12357 159306 3 4 63 30 0 0 11 1846104 1643532 0 0 4916 540 174320 580 10609 139960 3 4 64 29 0 0 4 1846084 1640272 0 2336 4080 524 140408 548 9331 118287 3 4 63 30 0 0 8 1846104 1642096 0 1488 2940 432 102516 457 7023 82230 2 4 65 29 0 0 5 1846104 1642268 0 1276 3704 452 126520 452 9494 119612 3 5 65 27 0 3 12 1846104 1641528 0 328 6092 608 187776 636 8269 113059 4 3 64 29 0 2 2 1846084 1640960 0 724 5948 0 111480 0 7751 116370 4 4 63 29 0 0 4 1846100 1641484 0 404 4144 1476 125760 1500 10668 105358 2 3 71 25 0 0 13 1846104 1641932 0 0 5872 828 153808 840 10518 128447 3 4 70 22 0 0 8 1846096 1639172 0 3164 3556 556 74884 580 5082 65362 2 2 73 23 0 1 4 1846080 1638676 0 396 4512 28 50928 44 2672 38277 2 2 80 16 0 0 3 1846080 1628808 0 7132 2636 0 28004 8 1358 14090 0 1 78 20 0 0 2 1844728 1618552 0 11140 7680 0 12740 8 763 2245 0 0 82 18 0 0 2 1837764 1532056 0 101504 2952 0 95644 24 802 3817 0 1 87 12 0 0 11 1842092 1633324 0 4416 1748 10900 143144 11024 6279 134442 3 3 70 24 0 2 6 1846104 1642756 0 0 4768 468 78752 468 4672 60141 2 2 76 20 0 1 12 1846104 1640792 0 236 4752 440 140712 464 7614 99593 3 5 58 34 0 0 3 1846084 1630368 0 6316 5104 0 20336 0 1703 22424 1 1 72 26 0 2 17 1846104 1638332 0 3168 4080 1720 211960 1744 11977 155886 3 4 65 28 0 1 10 1846104 1640800 0 132 4488 556 126016 584 8016 106368 3 4 63 29 0 0 14 1846104 1639740 0 2248 3436 428 114188 452 7030 92418 3 3 59 35 0 1 6 1846096 1639504 0 1932 5500 436 141412 460 8261 112210 4 4 63 29 0 0 10 1846104 1640164 0 3052 4028 448 147684 472 7366 109554 4 4 61 30 0 0 10 1846100 1641040 0 2332 4952 632 147452 664 8767 118384 3 4 63 30 0 4 8 1846084 1641092 0 664 4948 276 152264 292 6448 98813 5 5 62 28 0 Furthermore, the output of top sorted by CPU time seems to support the theory that swap is what's bogging down the system: top - 09:05:32 up 37 days, 23:24, 1 user, load average: 9.75, 8.24, 7.12 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.1%id, 20.6%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2405628k used, 1639004k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1851852k used, 5960640k free, 436k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 4174 root 17 0 63156 176 56 S 8 0.0 2138:52 35,38 bacula-fd 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 6 0.0 1709:25 28,29 bacula-sd 240 root 15 0 0 0 0 D 3 0.0 831:55.19 831:55 kswapd0 2852 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 126:35.59 126:35 xfsbufd 2849 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 119:50.94 119:50 xfsbufd 1364 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 117:05.39 117:05 xfsbufd 21 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 48:03.44 48:03 events/3 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 8 8 S 0 0.0 46:50.35 46:50 postmaster 1342 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 23:14.34 23:14 xfsdatad/4 5415 root 17 0 1770m 108 48 S 0 0.0 15:03.74 15:03 bacula-dir 23 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 13:09.71 13:09 events/5 5604 root 17 0 1216m 500 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.20 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 580 248 S 0 0.0 11:58.00 11:58 java Here's the same sorted by virtual memory image size: top - 09:08:32 up 37 days, 23:27, 1 user, load average: 8.43, 8.26, 7.32 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.6%us, 3.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 62.2%id, 30.2%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2404212k used, 1640420k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1852548k used, 5959944k free, 100k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 5415 root 17 0 1770m 56 44 S 0 0.0 15:03.78 15:03 bacula-dir 5604 root 17 0 1216m 492 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.30 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 476 200 S 0 0.0 11:58.20 11:58 java 4598 root 16 0 117m 44 44 S 0 0.0 0:13.37 0:13 eventmond 9614 gdm 16 0 93188 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdmgreeter 5527 root 17 0 78716 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdm 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 20 0.0 1709:52 28,29 bacula-sd 4174 root 17 0 63156 208 88 S 24 0.0 2139:25 35,39 bacula-fd 10849 postgres 18 0 54740 216 108 D 0 0.0 0:31.40 0:31 postmaster 6661 postgres 17 0 49432 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:03.50 0:03 postmaster 5507 root 15 0 47980 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 0:00 gdm 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 16 16 S 0 0.0 46:51.39 46:51 postmaster 5304 postgres 16 0 40580 132 88 S 0 0.0 6:21.79 6:21 postmaster 5301 postgres 17 0 40448 24 24 S 0 0.0 0:32.17 0:32 postmaster 11280 root 16 0 40288 28 28 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 0:00 sshd 5534 root 17 0 37580 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:56.18 0:56 X 30870 root 30 15 31668 28 28 S 0 0.0 1:13.38 1:13 snmpd 5305 postgres 17 0 30628 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:11.60 0:11 postmaster 27403 postfix 17 0 30248 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.76 0:02 qmgr 10815 postfix 15 0 30208 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 0:00 pickup 5306 postgres 16 0 29760 20 20 S 0 0.0 0:52.89 0:52 postmaster 5302 postgres 17 0 29628 64 32 S 0 0.0 1:00.64 1:00 postmaster I've tried tuning the swappiness kernel parameter to both high and low values, but nothing appears to change the behavior here. I'm at a loss to figure out what's going on. How can I find out what's causing this? Update: The system is a fully 64-bit system, so there should be no question of memory limitations due to 32-bit issues. Update2: As I mentioned in the original question, I've already tried tuning swappiness to all sorts of values, including 0. The result is always the same, with approximately 1.6 GB of memory remaining unused. Update3: Added top output to the above info.

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  • Best Linux Distro for web services (Nginx & node.js) on laptop: Compaq 6710b?

    - by tomByrer
    I haven't used Linux in 5+ years, aside from d/l occasional system recovery CDs off DistroWatch, so I don't know the current landscape. Related postings on this forum are several years old & may not relate to my hardware (Compaq 6710b laptop, Core2Duo Centrino). Requirements: Use the Compaq 6710b laptop's WiFi out of the box enough frequently updated pre-made packages for web hosting & development (Nginx & node.js are biggest concerns, everyone has Apache & PHP, & I'm not crazy about building from source) prefer be easy enough to use, but outside help available (so a small user-base distro is only OK if the community is active & a major disto's packages are compatable) configuration easy to transfer to outside web hosts. You have actually installed/used recommended disto (don't have to be expert) TIA!

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  • Where can I get a Linux distro iso based on a 2.4 kernel?

    - by Mike
    I need to get my hands on an ISO file for a Linux distribution with a 2.4 kernel. I'm looking for an ISO specifically so I can use it with my Oracle VirtualBox. Since 2.4 is so old these days, I'll explain that I'm looking for it because my company uses an ancient 2.4 uClinux distro on our ancient hardware in our devices. I'd like to run some "desktop" tests using the same kernel version as what's in the hardware. As far as I can tell I can't run uCLinux on a desktop, so next best thing, I'd like to get anything running 2.4.

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  • Lubuntu with only Ubuntu's workspace/tiling features

    - by Johnny Tremain
    I searched around for a long time but found nothing. I am moving from Ubuntu to Lubuntu. Everything is great (I am okay with the bland style) except for three features that I use regularly in Ubuntu. 1) Win+w / Win+s zooms out to see an overview of the current workspace and all the workspaces respectively. 2) Ctrl+Alt+num which puts the current application in a specific portion of the workspace. 3) Snap to edge of workspace. How would I get those three features onto Lubuntu? Would that cancel out the benefit of Lubuntu, so I should just stick with Ubuntu (or any distro you can recommend)? Thank you.

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  • HTG Explains: What is the Linux fstab and How Does It Work?

    - by YatriTrivedi
    If you’re running Linux, then it’s likely that you’ve needed to change some options for your file systems.  Getting acquainted with fstab can make the whole process a lot easier, and it’s much easier than you think. What is Fstab? Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor Our Favorite Tech: What We’re Thankful For at How-To Geek Settle into Orbit with the Voyage Theme for Chrome and Iron Awesome Safari Compass Icons Set Escape from the Exploding Planet Wallpaper Move Your Tumblr Blog to WordPress Pytask is an Easy to Use To-Do List Manager for Your Ubuntu System Snowy Christmas House Personas Theme for Firefox

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  • What is the best idea to put available OS (linux) and Web application to client?

    - by Fernando Costa
    After a year programming a web based business management system, I got my idea divided into two differents ways to do what I'm doing... I will try to explain in follow lines: First I will describe my enviroment: Webserver: apache, ngynx Programming Language: PHP, Shell Script, Java Script, SQL Database: Mysql Operating System: Linux, UNIX (All Distros) (If manually configured works on windows) Authentication Server: FreeRadius First situation I have my application running on this enviroment that I had just described before, as my application is a SaaS app, then I have my own server to run it all and customers pay to use it as a service accessed by webbrowser. Second Situation The same as before but with one big difference, everything (environment) is installed in the customer, then I need to cryptography all my codes (It includes PHP and Shell Scripts). I think this situation is most difficulty, but I would like to hear it from different points of view.

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  • How to Get Help With a Command from the Linux Terminal: 8 Tricks for Beginners & Pros Alike

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Whether you’re an inexperienced terminal user or a grizzled veteran, you won’t always know the right thing to type into the Linux terminal. There are quite a few tools built into the terminal to help you along. These tricks will help you find the command to use, figure out how to install it, learn how to use it, and view detailed information about it. None of these tricks require an Internet connection. Make Your Own Windows 8 Start Button with Zero Memory Usage Reader Request: How To Repair Blurry Photos HTG Explains: What Can You Find in an Email Header?

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  • How to automatically generate html table from image in Linux?

    - by alfish
    In Photoshop, you can easily devide the image into zones using point and click and it automatically generates the corresponding html with image slices addressed in tables. Gimp also has a Slice (Filter Web Slice) but it is so rudimentary and, as far as I can see, does not allow point and click selection of slices. I am wondering if the functionality can be added into Gimp, or there are other Linux software to do this. I hate to return to Windows jut to do this simple task which I happen to use frequently. Thanks in advance for your suggestions.

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