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• What do you mean by the expressiveness in a programming language?

  - by prosseek

  I see a lot of the word 'expressiveness' when people want to stress one language is better than the other. But I don't see exactly what they mean by it. Is it the verboseness/succinctness? I mean, if one language can write down something shorter than the other, does that mean expressiveness? Please refer to my other question - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2411772/article-about-code-density-as-a-measure-of-programming-language-power Is it the power of the language? Paul Graham says that one language is more powerful than the other language in a sense that one language can do that the other language can't do (for example, LISP can do something with macro that the other language can't do). Is it just something that makes life easier? Regular expression can be one of the examples. Is it a different way of solving the same problem: something like SQL to solve the search problem? What do you think about the expressiveness of a programming language? Can you show the expressiveness using some code? What's the relationship with the expressiveness and DSL? Do people come up with DSL to get the expressiveness?

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• Mapping interface or abstract class component

  - by Yann Trevin

  Please consider the following simple use case: public class Foo { public virtual int Id { get; protected set; } public virtual IBar Bar { get; set; } } public interface IBar { string Text { get; set; } } public class Bar : IBar { public virtual string Text { get; set; } } And the fluent-nhibernate map class: public class FooMap : ClassMap<Foo> { public FooMap() { Id(x => x.Id); Component(x => x.Bar, m => { m.Map(x => x.Text); }); } } While running any query with configuration, I get the following exception: NHibernate.InstantiationException: "Cannot instantiate abstract class or interface: NHMappingTest.IBar" It seems that NHibernate tries to instantiate an IBar object instead of the Bar concrete class. How to let Fluent-NHibernate know which concrete class to instantiate when the property returns an interface or an abstract base class? EDIT: Explicitly specify the type of component by writing Component<Bar> (as suggested by Sly) has no effect and causes the same exception to occur. EDIT2: Thanks to vedklyv and Paul Batum: such a mapping should be soon is now possible.

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• How to include multiple tables programmaticaly into a Sweave document using R

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  Hello, I want to have a sweave document that will include a variable number of tables in. I thought the example below would work, but it doesn't. I want to loop over the list foo and print each element as it's own table. % \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{Sweave} \geometry{left=1.25in, right=1.25in, top=1in, bottom=1in} \listfiles \begin{document} <<label=start, echo=FALSE, include=FALSE>>= startt<-proc.time()[3] library(RODBC) library(psych) library(xtable) library(plyr) library(ggplot2) options(width=80) #Produce some example data, here I'm creating some dummy dataframes and putting them in a list foo<-list() foo[[1]]<-data.frame(GRP=c(rep("AA",10), rep("Aa",10), rep("aa",10)), X1=rnorm(30), X2=rnorm(30,5,2)) foo[[2]]<-data.frame(GRP=c(rep("BB",10), rep("bB",10), rep("BB",10)), X1=rnorm(30), X2=rnorm(30,5,2)) foo[[3]]<-data.frame(GRP=c(rep("CC",12), rep("cc",18)), X1=rnorm(30), X2=rnorm(30,5,2)) foo[[4]]<-data.frame(GRP=c(rep("DD",10), rep("Dd",10), rep("dd",10)), X1=rnorm(30), X2=rnorm(30,5,2)) @ \title{Docuemnt to test putting a variable number of tables into a sweave Document} \author{"Paul Hurley"} \maketitle \section{Text} This document was created on \today, with \Sexpr{print(version$version.string)} running on a \Sexpr{print(version$platform)} platform. It took approx \input{time} sec to process. <<label=test, echo=FALSE, results=tex>>= cat("Foo") @ that was a test, so is this <<label=table1test, echo=FALSE, results=tex>>= print(xtable(foo[[1]])) @ \newpage \subsection{Tables} <<label=Tables, echo=FALSE, results=tex>>= for(i in seq(foo)){ cat("\n") cat(paste("Table_",i,sep="")) cat("\n") print(xtable(foo[[i]])) cat("\n") } #cat("<<label=endofTables>>= ") @ <<label=bye, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>= endt<-proc.time()[3] elapsedtime<-as.numeric(endt-startt) @ <<label=elapsed, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>= fileConn<-file("time.tex", "wt") writeLines(as.character(elapsedtime), fileConn) close(fileConn) @ \end{document} Here, the table1test chunk works as expected, and produced a table based on the dataframe in foo[[1]], however the loop only produces Table(underscore)1.... Any ideas what I'm doing wrong ?

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• Multiplication algorithm for abritrary precision (bignum) integers.

  - by nn

  Hi, I'm writing a small bignum library for a homework project. I am to implement Karatsuba multiplication, but before that I would like to write a naive multiplication routine. I'm following a guide written by Paul Zimmerman titled "Modern Computer Arithmetic" which is freely available online. On page 4, there is a description of an algorithm titled BasecaseMultiply which performs gradeschool multiplication. I understand step 2, 3, where B^j is a digit shift of 1, j times. But I don't understand step 1 and 3, where we have A*b_j. How is this multiplication meant to be carried out if the bignum multiplication hasn't been defined yet? Would the operation "*" in this algorithm just be the repeated addition method? Here is the parts I have written thus far. I have unit tested them so they appear to be correct for the most part: The structure I use for my bignum is as follows: #define BIGNUM_DIGITS 2048 typedef uint32_t u_hw; // halfword typedef uint64_t u_w; // word typedef struct { unsigned int sign; // 0 or 1 unsigned int n_digits; u_hw digits[BIGNUM_DIGITS]; } bn; Currently available routines: bn *bn_add(bn *a, bn *b); // returns a+b as a newly allocated bn void bn_lshift(bn *b, int d); // shifts d digits to the left, retains sign int bn_cmp(bn *a, bn *b); // returns 1 if a>b, 0 if a=b, -1 if a<b

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• An implementation of Sharir's or Aurenhammer's deterministic algorithm for calculating the intersect

  - by RGrey

  The problem of finding the intersection/union of 'N' discs/circles on a flat plane was first proposed by M. I. Shamos in his 1978 thesis: Shamos, M. I. “Computational Geometry” Ph.D. thesis, Yale Univ., New Haven, CT 1978. Since then, in 1985, Micha Sharir presented an O(n log2n) time and O(n) space deterministic algorithm for the disc intersection/union problem (based on modified Voronoi diagrams): Sharir, M. Intersection and closest-pair problems for a set of planar discs. SIAM .J Comput. 14 (1985), pp. 448-468. In 1988, Franz Aurenhammer presented a more efficient O(n log n) time and O(n) space algorithm for circle intersection/union using power diagrams (generalizations of Voronoi diagrams): Aurenhammer, F. Improved algorithms for discs and balls using power diagrams. Journal of Algorithms 9 (1985), pp. 151-161. Earlier in 1983, Paul G. Spirakis also presented an O(n^2) time deterministic algorithm, and an O(n) probabilistic algorithm: Spirakis, P.G. Very Fast Algorithms for the Area of the Union of Many Circles. Rep. 98, Dept. Comput. Sci., Courant Institute, New York University, 1983. I've been searching for any implementations of the algorithms above, focusing on computational geometry packages, and I haven't found anything yet. As neither appear trivial to put into practice, it would be really neat if someone could point me in the right direction!

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• XML generation with java, trying to copy the whole node

  - by Pawel Mysior

  I've got an xml document that filled with people (parent node is "students", and there are 25+ "student" nodes). Each student looks like this: <student> <name></name> <surname></surname> <grades> <subject name=""> <small_grades></small_grades> <final_grade></final_grade> </subject> <subject name=""> <small_grades></small_grades> <final_grade></final_grade> </subject> </grades> <average></average> </student> Basically, what I want to do ('ve been asked to do) is to make a program that would get 3 students with the best average. While parsing the document and getting three best students isn't too difficult, the XML generation is a pain in the ass. Right now, what I'm doing is getting every single node from student and recreating it to a new file. Is there a way to copy the whole student node with everything that's in it? Regards, Paul

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• Adding a guideline to the editor in Visual Studio

  - by xsl

  Introduction I've always been searching for a way to make Visual Studio draw a line after a certain amount of characters: Below is a guide to enable these so called guidelines for various versions of Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2010 Install Paul Harrington's Editor Guidelines extension. Open the registry at HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\10.0\Text Editor and add a new string called Guides with the value RGB(100,100,100), 80. The first part specifies the color, while the other one (80) is the column the line will be displayed. Or install the Guidelines UI extension, which will add entries to the editor's context menu for adding/removing the entries without needing to edit the registry directly. The current disadvantage of this method is that you can't specify the column directly. Visual Studio 2008 and Other Versions If you are using Visual Studio 2008 open the registry at HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\9.0\Text Editor and add a new string called Guides with the value RGB(100,100,100), 80. The first part specifies the color, while the other one (80) is the column the line will be displayed. The vertical line will appear, when you restart Visual Studio. This trick also works for various other version of Visual Studio, as long as you use the correct path: 2003: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\7.1\Text Editor 2005: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\8.0\Text Editor 2008: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\9.0\Text Editor 2008 Express: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VCExpress\9.0\Text Editor This also works in SQL Server 2005 and probably other versions.

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• I didn't say anything treasonous, quit putting words in my mouth

  - by You guys Lie

  Where at all did I say ANYTHING about organizing some kind of anti-government activity? Nowhere. I do not give a flying fuck about America in case you hadn't realized, I'm talking about what I'm going to do when Jesus Christ returns. Besides, why would I make it easy for them to throw me in a black site prison? Use common sense, sheeple. In the end I guess it doesn't matter anyways, since I do not recognize the government as my ultimate authority. Police/Army/Whatever-- funny outfits and a shiny badge don't make you better than me. Allah will do away with your kind. However, as long as they're with me (as they semi-currently are), we have no problems. I fear the government will have other plans to control the population when things start to further decline, and that is when they will run into problems with me and mine, and probably a large percentage of the public. You'd have to be a fucking fool to think we'd fall into anarchy immediately, given the vast resources and blind loyalty of this country. Saying there are practical limits to free speech for anything I have said in this thread is not only ignorant, it is unpatriotic. I should be being celebrated as the modern day Paul Revere for warning you people about our impending doom. You would do well to study the foundations of this country. Nothing I have said is treasonous at all. Besides, the DoD knows I'm harmless until shit pops off, they have bigger fish to fry right now, go forward. Keep in mind, I don't personally have to do anything to overthrow the government. I just said, I would not advocate for any paramilitary organizations at this time, only if/after we dissolve into (more) tyranny. I am not a terrorist, like some soldiers in Iraq. The machine is doing a great job of ruining itself, while I get to comfortably laugh at it on the nightly news knowing that I'm ready for it to shut down.

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• How to isolate a single element from a scraped web page in R

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  Hello, I'm trying to do soemone a favour, and it's a tad outside my comfort zone, so I'm stuck. I want to use R to scrape this page (http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410001/report.html ) and others, to get the goal scorers and times. So far, this is what I've got require(RCurl) require(XML) theURL <-"http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410001/report.html" webpage <- getURL(theURL, header=FALSE, verbose=TRUE) webpagecont <- readLines(tc <- textConnection(webpage)); close(tc) pagetree <- htmlTreeParse(webpagecont, error=function(...){}, useInternalNodes = TRUE) and the pagetree object now contains a pointer to my parsed html (I think). The part I want is <div class="cont")<ul> <div class="bold medium">Goals scored</div> <li>Philipp LAHM (GER) 6', </li> <li>Paulo WANCHOPE (CRC) 12', </li> <li>Miroslav KLOSE (GER) 17', </li> <li>Miroslav KLOSE (GER) 61', </li> <li>Paulo WANCHOPE (CRC) 73', </li> <li>Torsten FRINGS (GER) 87'</li> </ul></div> but I'm now lost as to how to isolate them, and frankly xpathSApply, xpathApply confuse the beejeebies out of me !. So, does anyone know how to fomulate a command to suck out the element conmtaiend within the tags ? Thanks Paul.

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• What does it mean that "Lisp can be written in itself?"

  - by Mason Wheeler

  Paul Graham wrote that "The unusual thing about Lisp-- in fact, the defining quality of Lisp-- is that it can be written in itself." But that doesn't seem the least bit unusual or definitive to me. ISTM that a programming language is defined by two things: Its compiler or interpreter, which defines the syntax and the semantics for the language by fiat, and its standard library, which defines to a large degree the idioms and techniques that skilled users will use when writing code in the language. With a few specific exceptions, (the non-C# members of the .NET family, for example,) most languages' standard libraries are written in that language for two very good reasons: because it will share the same set of syntactical definitions, function calling conventions, and the general "look and feel" of the language, and because the people who are likely to write a standard library for a programming language are its users, and particularly its designer(s). So there's nothing unique there; that's pretty standard. And again, there's nothing unique or unusual about a language's compiler being written in itself. C compilers are written in C. Pascal compilers are written in Pascal. Mono's C# compiler is written in C#. Heck, even some scripting languages have implementations "written in itself". So what does it mean that Lisp is unusual in being written in itself?

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• Database not updating after UPDATE SQL statement in ASP.net

  - by Ronnie

  I currently have a problem attepting to update a record within my database. I have a webpage that displays in text boxes a users details, these details are taken from the session upon login. The aim is to update the details when the user overwrites the current text in the text boxes. I have a function that runs when the user clicks the 'Save Details' button and it appears to work, as i have tested for number of rows affected and it outputs 1. However, when checking the database, the record has not been updated and I am unsure as to why. I've have checked the SQL statement that is being processed by displaying it as a label and it looks as so: UPDATE [users] SET [email]=@email, [firstname]=@firstname, [lastname]=@lastname, [promo]=@promo WHERE ([users].[user_id] = 16) The function and other relevant code is: Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) changeDetails(emailBox.text, firstBox.text, lastBox.text, promoBox.text) End Sub Function changeDetails(ByVal email As String, ByVal firstname As String, ByVal lastname As String, ByVal promo As String) As Integer Dim connectionString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Ole DB Services=-4; Data Source=C:\Documents an"& _ "d Settings\Paul Jarratt\My Documents\ticketoffice\datab\ticketoffice.mdb" Dim dbConnection As System.Data.IDbConnection = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(connectionString) Dim queryString As String = "UPDATE [users] SET [email]=@email, [firstname]=@firstname, [lastname]=@lastname, "& _ "[promo]=@promo WHERE ([users].[user_id] = " + session.contents.item("ID") + ")" Dim dbCommand As System.Data.IDbCommand = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand dbCommand.CommandText = queryString dbCommand.Connection = dbConnection Dim dbParam_email As System.Data.IDataParameter = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter dbParam_email.ParameterName = "@email" dbParam_email.Value = email dbParam_email.DbType = System.Data.DbType.[String] dbCommand.Parameters.Add(dbParam_email) Dim dbParam_firstname As System.Data.IDataParameter = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter dbParam_firstname.ParameterName = "@firstname" dbParam_firstname.Value = firstname dbParam_firstname.DbType = System.Data.DbType.[String] dbCommand.Parameters.Add(dbParam_firstname) Dim dbParam_lastname As System.Data.IDataParameter = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter dbParam_lastname.ParameterName = "@lastname" dbParam_lastname.Value = lastname dbParam_lastname.DbType = System.Data.DbType.[String] dbCommand.Parameters.Add(dbParam_lastname) Dim dbParam_promo As System.Data.IDataParameter = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter dbParam_promo.ParameterName = "@promo" dbParam_promo.Value = promo dbParam_promo.DbType = System.Data.DbType.[String] dbCommand.Parameters.Add(dbParam_promo) Dim rowsAffected As Integer = 0 dbConnection.Open Try rowsAffected = dbCommand.ExecuteNonQuery Finally dbConnection.Close End Try labelTest.text = rowsAffected.ToString() if rowsAffected = 1 then labelSuccess.text = "* Your details have been updated and saved" else labelError.text = "* Your details could not be updated" end if End Function Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Microsoft Detours - DetourUpdateThread?

  - by pault543

  Hi, I have a few quick questions about the Microsoft Detours Library. I have used it before (successfully), but I just had a thought about this function: LONG DetourUpdateThread(HANDLE hThread); I read elsewhere that this function will actually suspend the thread until the transaction completes. This seems odd since most sample code calls: DetourUpdateThread(GetCurrentThread()); Anyway, apparently this function "enlists" threads so that, when the transaction commits (and the detours are made), their instruction pointers are modified if they lie "within the rewritten code in either the target function or the trampoline function." My questions are: When the transaction commits, is the current thread's instruction pointer going to be within the DetourTransactionCommit function? If so, why should we bother enlisting it to be updated? Also, if the enlisted threads are suspended, how can the current thread continue executing (given that most sample code calls DetourUpdateThread(GetCurrentThread());)? Finally, could you suspend all threads for the current process, avoiding race conditions (considering that threads could be getting created and destroyed at any time)? Perhaps this is done when the transaction begins? This would allow us to enumerate threads more safely (as it seems less likely that new threads could be created), although what about CreateRemoteThread()? Thanks, Paul For reference, here is an extract from the simple sample: // DllMain function attaches and detaches the TimedSleep detour to the // Sleep target function. The Sleep target function is referred to // through the TrueSleep target pointer. BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinst, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID reserved) { if (dwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) { DetourTransactionBegin(); DetourUpdateThread(GetCurrentThread()); DetourAttach(&(PVOID&)TrueSleep, TimedSleep); DetourTransactionCommit(); } else if (dwReason == DLL_PROCESS_DETACH) { DetourTransactionBegin(); DetourUpdateThread(GetCurrentThread()); DetourDetach(&(PVOID&)TrueSleep, TimedSleep); DetourTransactionCommit(); } return TRUE; }

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• return an ArrayList method

  - by Bopeng Liu

  This is a drive method for two other classes. which i posted here http://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/33148/book-program-with-arraylist I need some help for the private static ArrayList getAuthors(String authors) method. I am kind a beginner. so please help me finish this drive method. or give me some directions. Instruction some of the elements of the allAuthors array contain asterisks “*” between two authors names. The getAuthors method uses this asterisk as a delimiter between names to store them separately in the returned ArrayList of Strings. import java.util.ArrayList; public class LibraryDrive { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] titles = { "The Hobbit", "Acer Dumpling", "A Christmas Carol", "Marley and Me", "Building Java Programs", "Java, How to Program" }; String[] allAuthors = { "Tolkien, J.R.", "Doofus, Robert", "Dickens, Charles", "Remember, SomeoneIdont", "Reges, Stuart*Stepp, Marty", "Deitel, Paul*Deitel, Harvery" }; ArrayList<String> authors = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<Book> books = new ArrayList<Book>(); for (int i = 0; i < titles.length; i++) { authors = getAuthors(allAuthors[i]); Book b = new Book(titles[i], authors); books.add(b); authors.remove(0); } Library lib = new Library(books); System.out.println(lib); lib.sort(); System.out.println(lib); } private static ArrayList<String> getAuthors(String authors) { ArrayList books = new ArrayList<String>(); // need help here. return books; } }

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• Getting the name of a child class in the parent class (static context)

  - by Benoit Myard

  Hi everybody, I'm building an ORM library with reuse and simplicity in mind; everything goes fine except that I got stuck by a stupid inheritance limitation. Please consider the code below: class BaseModel { /* * Return an instance of a Model from the database. */ static public function get (/* varargs */) { // 1. Notice we want an instance of User $class = get_class(parent); // value: bool(false) $class = get_class(self); // value: bool(false) $class = get_class(); // value: string(9) "BaseModel" $class = __CLASS__; // value: string(9) "BaseModel" // 2. Query the database with id $row = get_row_from_db_as_array(func_get_args()); // 3. Return the filled instance $obj = new $class(); $obj->data = $row; return $obj; } } class User extends BaseModel { protected $table = 'users'; protected $fields = array('id', 'name'); protected $primary_keys = array('id'); } class Section extends BaseModel { // [...] } $my_user = User::get(3); $my_user->name = 'Jean'; $other_user = User::get(24); $other_user->name = 'Paul'; $my_user->save(); $other_user->save(); $my_section = Section::get('apropos'); $my_section->delete(); Obviously, this is not the behavior I was expecting (although the actual behavior also makes sense).. So my question is if you guys know of a mean to get, in the parent class, the name of child class.

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• Is it possible to include a Sexpr before the expression has been evaluated in Sweave / R ?

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  Hello, I'm writing a Sweave document, and I want to include a small section that details the R and package versions, platofrms and how long ti took to evalute the doucment, however, I want to put this in the middle of the document ! I was using a \Sexpr{elapsed} to do this (which didn't work), but thought if I put the code printing elapsed in a chunk that evaluates at the end, I could then include the chunk half way through, which also fails. My document looks something like this % \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{Sweave} \geometry{left=1.25in, right=1.25in, top=1in, bottom=1in} \begin{document} <<label=start, echo=FALSE, include=FALSE>>= startt<-proc.time()[3] @ Text and Sweave Code in here % This document was created on \today, with \Sexpr{print(version$version.string)} running on a \Sexpr{print(version$platform)} platform. It took approx sec to process. <<>>= <<elapsed>> @ More text and Sweave code in here <<label=bye, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>= odbcCloseAll() endt<-proc.time()[3] elapsedtime<-as.numeric(endt-startt) @ <<label=elapsed, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>= print(elapsedtime) @ \end{document} But this doesn't seem to work (amazingly !) Does anyone know how I could do this ? Thanks Paul.

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• I need to speed up a function. Should I use cython, ctypes, or something else?

  - by Peter Stewart

  I'm having a lot of fun learning Python by writing a genetic programming type of application. I've had some great advice from Torsten Marek, Paul Hankin and Alex Martelli on this site. The program has 4 main functions: generate (randomly) an expression tree. evaluate the fitness of the tree crossbreed mutate As all of generate, crossbreed and mutate call 'evaluate the fitness'. it is the busiest function and is the primary bottleneck speedwise. As is the nature of genetic algorithms, it has to search an immense solution space so the faster the better. I want to speed up each of these functions. I'll start with the fitness evaluator. My question is what is the best way to do this. I've been looking into cython, ctypes and 'linking and embedding'. They are all new to me and quite beyond me at the moment but I look forward to learning one and eventually all of them. The 'fitness function' needs to compare the value of the expression tree to the value of the target expression. So it will consist of a postfix evaluator which will read the tree in a postfix order. I have all the code in python. I need advice on which I should learn and use now: cython, ctypes or linking and embedding. Thank you.

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• Sweave can't see a vector if run from a function ?

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  I have a function that sets a vector to a string, copies a Sweave document with a new name and then runs that Sweave. Inside the Sweave document I want to use the vector I set in the function, but it doesn't seem to see it. (Edit: I changed this function to use tempdir(() as suggested by Dirk) I created a sweave file test_sweave.rnw; % \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} \usepackage{Sweave} \begin{document} \title{Test Sweave Document} \author{gb02413} \maketitle <<>>= ls() Sys.time() print(paste("The chosen study was ",chstud,sep="")) @ \end{document} and I have this function; onOK <- function(){ chstud<-"test" message(paste("Chosen Study is ",chstud,sep="")) newfile<-paste(chstud,"_report",sep="") mypath<-paste(tempdir(),"\\",sep="") setwd(mypath) message(paste("Copying test_sweave.Rnw to ",paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep=""),sep="")) file.copy("c:\\local\\test_sweave.Rnw", paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep=""), overwrite=TRUE) Sweave(paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep="")) require(tools) texi2dvi(file = paste(mypath,newfile,".tex",sep=""), pdf = TRUE) } If I run the code from the function directly, the resulting file has this output for ls(); > ls() [1] "chstud" "mypath" "newfile" "onOK" However If I call onOK() I get this output; > ls() [1] "onOK" and the print(...chstud...)) function generates an error. I suspect this is an environment problem, but I assumed because the call to Sweave occurs within the onOK function, it would be in the same enviroment, and would see all the objects created within the function. How can I get the Sweave process to see the chstud vector ? Thanks Paul.

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• How can I write a unit test to determine whether an object can be garbage collected?

  - by driis

  In relation to my previous question, I need to check whether a component that will be instantiated by Castle Windsor, can be garbage collected after my code has finished using it. I have tried the suggestion in the answers from the previous question, but it does not seem to work as expected, at least for my code. So I would like to write a unit test that tests whether a specific object instance can be garbage collected after some of my code has run. Is that possible to do in a reliable way ? EDIT I currently have the following test based on Paul Stovell's answer, which succeeds: [TestMethod] public void ReleaseTest() { WindsorContainer container = new WindsorContainer(); container.Kernel.ReleasePolicy = new NoTrackingReleasePolicy(); container.AddComponentWithLifestyle<ReleaseTester>(LifestyleType.Transient); Assert.AreEqual(0, ReleaseTester.refCount); var weakRef = new WeakReference(container.Resolve<ReleaseTester>()); Assert.AreEqual(1, ReleaseTester.refCount); GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); Assert.AreEqual(0, ReleaseTester.refCount, "Component not released"); } private class ReleaseTester { public static int refCount = 0; public ReleaseTester() { refCount++; } ~ReleaseTester() { refCount--; } } Am I right assuming that, based on the test above, I can conclude that Windsor will not leak memory when using the NoTrackingReleasePolicy ?

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• How to get the second sub element of every element in a list in R

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  I know I've come across this problem before, but I'm having a bit of a mental block at the moment. and as I can't find it on SO, I'll post it here so I can find it next time. I have a dataframe that contains a field representing an ID label. This label has two parts, an alpha prefix and a numeric suffix. I want to split it apart and create two new fields with these values in. structure(list(lab = c("N00", "N01", "N02", "B00", "B01", "B02", "Z21", "BA01", "NA03")), .Names = "lab", row.names = c(NA, -9L ), class = "data.frame") df$pre<-strsplit(df$lab, "[0-9]+") df$suf<-strsplit(df$lab, "[A-Z]+") Which gives lab pre suf 1 N00 N , 00 2 N01 N , 01 3 N02 N , 02 4 B00 B , 00 5 B01 B , 01 6 B02 B , 02 7 Z21 Z , 21 8 BA01 BA , 01 9 NA03 NA , 03 So, the first strsplit works fine, but the second gives a list, each having two elements, an empty string and the result I want, and stuffs them both into the dataframe column. How can I select the second sub-element from each element of the list ? (or, is there a better way to do this) Thanks Paul.

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• Web development scheme for staging and production servers using Git Push

  - by ServAce85

  I am using git to manage a dynamic website (PHP + MySQL) and I want to send my files from my localhost to my staging and development servers in the most efficient and hassle-free way. I am currently convinced that the best way for me to approach this problem is to use this git branching model to organize my local git repo. From there, I will use the release branches to push to my staging server for testing. Once I am happy that the release code works on the staging server, I can then merge with my master branch and push that to my production server. Pushing to Staging Server: As noted in many introductory git posts, I could run into problems pushing into a non-bare repo, so, as suggested in this response, I plan to push the release branch to a bare repo on the server and have a post-receive hook that clones the bare repo to a non-bare repo that also acts as the web-hosted directory. Pushing to Production Server: Here's my newest source of confusion... In the response that I cited above, it made me curious as to why @Paul states that it's a completely different story when pushing to a live, development server. I guess I don't see the problem. Would it be safe and hassle-free to follow the same steps as above, but for the master branch? Where are the potential pit-falls? Config Files: With respect to configuration files that are unique to each environment (.htaccess, config.php, etc), it seems simplest to .gitignore each of those files in their respective repos on their respective servers. Can you see anything immediately wrong with this? Better solutions? Accessing Data: Finally, as I initially stated, the site uses MySQL databases to store data. How would you suggest I access that data (for testing purposes) from the staging server and localhost? I realize that I may have asked way too many questions for a single post, but since they're all related to the best way to set up this development scheme, I thought it was necessary.

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• Convert a raw string to an array of big-endian words with Ruby

  - by Zag zag..

  Hello, I would like to convert a raw string to an array of big-endian words. As example, here is a JavaScript function that do it well (by Paul Johnston): /* * Convert a raw string to an array of big-endian words * Characters >255 have their high-byte silently ignored. */ function rstr2binb(input) { var output = Array(input.length >> 2); for(var i = 0; i < output.length; i++) output[i] = 0; for(var i = 0; i < input.length * 8; i += 8) output[i>>5] |= (input.charCodeAt(i / 8) & 0xFF) << (24 - i % 32); return output; } I believe the Ruby equivalent can be String#unpack(format). However, I don't know what should be the correct format parameter. Thank you for any help. Regards

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• Ruby and public_method_defined? : strange behaviour

  - by aXon

  Hi there Whilst reading through the book "The well grounded Rubyist", I came across some strange behaviour. The idea behind the code is using one's own method_missing method. The only thing I am not able to grasp is, why this code gets executed, as I do not have any Person.all_with_* class methods defined, which in turn means that the self.public_method_defined?(attr) returns true (attr is friends and then hobbies). #!/usr/bin/env ruby1.9 class Person PEOPLE = [] attr_reader :name, :hobbies, :friends def initialize(mame) @name = name @hobbies = [] @friends = [] PEOPLE << self end def has_hobby(hobby) @hobbies << hobby end def has_friend(friend) @friends << friend end def self.method_missing(m,*args) method = m.to_s if method.start_with?("all_with_") attr = method[9..-1] if self.public_method_defined?(attr) PEOPLE.find_all do |person| person.send(attr).include?(args[0]) end else raise ArgumentError, "Can't find #{attr}" end else super end end end j = Person.new("John") p = Person.new("Paul") g = Person.new("George") r = Person.new("Ringo") j.has_friend(p) j.has_friend(g) g.has_friend(p) r.has_hobby("rings") Person.all_with_friends(p).each do |person| puts "#{person.name} is friends with #{p.name}" end Person.all_with_hobbies("rings").each do |person| puts "#{person.name} is into rings" end The output is is friends with is friends with is into rings which is really understandable, as there is nothing to be executed.

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• What do you mean by the expressiveness in programming lanuguage?

  - by prosseek

  I see a lot of the word 'expressiveness' when people want to stress one language is better than the other. But I don't see exactly what they mean by it. Is it the verboseness/succinctness? I mean, if one language can write down something shorter than the other, does that mean expressiveness? Please refer to my other question - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2411772/article-about-code-density-as-a-measure-of-programming-language-power Is it the power of the language? Paul Graham says that one language is more powerful than the other language in a sense that one language can do that the other language can't do (for example, LISP can do something with macro that the other language can't do). Is it just something that makes life easier? Regular expression can be one of the examples. Is it a different way of solving the same problem: something like SQL to solve the search problem? What do you think about the expressiveness of a programming lanuage? Can you show the expressiveness using some code? What's the relationship with the expressiveness and DSL? Do people come up with DSL to get the expressiveness?

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• Nokogiri changing custom elements

  - by dagda1

  Hi, I have sample html that I have marked up with some special tags that will be used by a different program, an example of the html is below. You should note the <START:organization>..<END> elements. <html> <head/> <body> <ul> <li> <START:organization> Advanced Integrated Pest Management <END> </li> <li> <START:organization> American Bakers Association <END> </li> </ul> </body> </html> I wanted to use nokogiri to preprocess the html to easily remove irrelevant tags like <script>. I created the following extension to the nokogiri document class: module Nokogiri module HTML class Document def prepare_html xpath("//script").remove to_html.remove_new_lines end end end end The problem is that nokogiri is changing the <START:organization> element to <organization>. Is there anyway that I can preserve the htnl to maintain my custom markup tags? Thanks Paul

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• Can ScalaCheck/Specs warnings safely be ignored when using SBT with ScalaTest?

  - by pdbartlett

  I have a simple FunSuite-based ScalaTest: package pdbartlett.hello_sbt import org.scalatest.FunSuite class SanityTest extends FunSuite { test("a simple test") { assert(true) } test("a very slightly more complicated test - purposely fails") { assert(42 === (6 * 9)) } } Which I'm running with the following SBT project config: import sbt._ class HelloSbtProject(info: ProjectInfo) extends DefaultProject(info) { // Dummy action, just to show config working OK. lazy val solveQ = task { println("42"); None } // Managed dependencies val scalatest = "org.scalatest" % "scalatest" % "1.0" % "test" } However, when I runsbt test I get the following warnings: ... [info] == test-compile == [info] Source analysis: 0 new/modified, 0 indirectly invalidated, 0 removed. [info] Compiling test sources... [info] Nothing to compile. [warn] Could not load superclass 'org.scalacheck.Properties' : java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.scalacheck.Properties [warn] Could not load superclass 'org.specs.Specification' : java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.specs.Specification [warn] Could not load superclass 'org.specs.Specification' : java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.specs.Specification [info] Post-analysis: 3 classes. [info] == test-compile == For the moment I'm assuming these are just "noise" (caused by the unified test interface?) and that I can safely ignore them. But it is slightly annoying to some inner OCD part of me (though not so annoying that I'm prepared to add dependencies for the other frameworks). Is this a correct assumption, or are there subtle errors in my test/config code? If it is safe to ignore, is there any other way to suppress these errors, or do people routinely include all three frameworks so they can pick and choose the best approach for different tests? TIA, Paul. (ADDED: scala v2.7.7 and sbt v0.7.4)

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