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• Booting Error while using 12.04 booting from GRUB

  - by Paul Z.

  my name is Paul. I have encountered an issue relating to GRUB booting and the booting process in general. I have been running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on my machine for quite a while. Before that, i had (before) 10.04, 11.04, 11.10, etc. I have been running Ubuntu, in general, but more specifically 12.04 for a long time with little to no problems. The problem: Earlier today, i was using my machine and then decided to take a little break. I shut down my machine (laptop, in case anyone was wondering) and left. Later, I came back ready to start it up and continue. I started it up and it took me to the Toshiba screen (like normal) then to the GRUB screen. I guessed that nothing was truly wrong, and chose the first option (something around the lines of: Ubuntu, with linux 3.22.0-35-generic). I waited for a bit and it still displayed the same purple screen. I restarted it and now chose the option like the first but with recovery at the end. Same result. Later, I waited longer and found that my computer came up with a bunch of lines of script. I waited longer but nothing new happened. What are your suggestions as to fix this problem? I will let my computer run overnight with the recovery setting and will let you know what the result is. Until then, please help. Thank you, your time and effort is greatly appreciated!

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• Is there ever a reason to do all an object's work in a constructor?

  - by Kane

  Let me preface this by saying this is not my code nor my coworkers' code. Years ago when our company was smaller, we had some projects we needed done that we did not have the capacity for, so they were outsourced. Now, I have nothing against outsourcing or contractors in general, but the codebase they produced is a mass of WTFs. That being said, it does (mostly) work, so I suppose it's in the top 10% of outsourced projects I've seen. As our company has grown, we've tried to take more of our development in house. This particular project landed in my lap so I've been going over it, cleaning it up, adding tests, etc etc. There's one pattern I see repeated a lot and it seems so mindblowingly awful that I wondered if maybe there is a reason and I just don't see it. The pattern is an object with no public methods or members, just a public constructor that does all the work of the object. For example, (the code is in Java, if that matters, but I hope this to be a more general question): public class Foo { private int bar; private String baz; public Foo(File f) { execute(f); } private void execute(File f) { // FTP the file to some hardcoded location, // or parse the file and commit to the database, or whatever } } If you're wondering, this type of code is often called in the following manner: for(File f : someListOfFiles) { new Foo(f); } Now, I was taught long ago that instantiated objects in a loop is generally a bad idea, and that constructors should do a minimum of work. Looking at this code it looks like it would be better to drop the constructor and make execute a public static method. I did ask the contractor why it was done this way, and the response I got was "We can change it if you want". Which was not really helpful. Anyway, is there ever a reason to do something like this, in any programming language, or is this just another submission to the Daily WTF?

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• How to migrate user settings and data to new machine?

  - by torbengb

  I'm new to Ubuntu and recently started using it on my PC. I'm going to replace that PC with a new machine. I want to transfer my data and settings to the nettop. What aspects should I consider? Obviously I want to move my data over. What things am I missing if I only copy the entire home folder? This is a home pc (not corporate) so user rights and other security issues are not a concern, except that the files should be accessible on the new machine! Please take into account that the new machine is a nettop that doesn't have an optical drive and doesn't allow me to hook the old SATA disk into it, so any data transfer must be handled via home network (I can have both the old and the new machine turned on and connected to the home LAN) and I have an USB thumbdrive with limited capacity (2GB). This sounds like it might limit the general applicability, but it would in fact make it more general. I'll make this a wiki topic because there could be several "right" answers. Update: Or so I thought. I don't see a choice for that.

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• good literature for teaching object oriented thinking in C [closed]

  - by Dipan Mehta

  Quite often C is the primary platform for the development. And when things are large scale, I have seen partitioning of the system as different objects is quite a natural thing. Some or many of the object orientated analysis and design principles are used here very well. This is not a debate question about whether or not C is a good candidate for object oriented programming or not. This is also NOT a question how to do OO in C. You can refer to this question and there are probably many such citations. As far as I am concerned, I have learned some of this things while working with many open source and commercial projects. (libjpeg, ffmpeg, Gstreamer which is based on GObject). I can probably extend a few references that explains some of these concepts such as - 1. Event Helix article, 2. Linux Mag article 3. one of my answers which links Schreiner's reference. Unfortunately, when we induct younger folks, it seems too hard to make them learn all of it the hard way. Usually, when we say it's C, a general reaction is to throw away all of the "Object thinking". Looking for help extending above references from those who have been in the similar areas of work. Are there any good formal literature that explains how Object thinking can be made to use while you are working in C? I have seen tons of book on general "object oriented paradigms" but they all focus on advanced languages mostly not in C. You see most C books - but most focus only on the syntax and the obfuscated corners of C and that's it. There are hardly ANY good reference, specially books or any systematic (I mean formal) literature on how to apply OO in C. This is very surprising given that so many large scale open source projects use C which are truly using this very well; but we hardly see any good formal literature on this subject.

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• What's the proper term for a function inverse to a constructor? Deconstructor, destructor, or something else?

  - by Petr Pudlák

  Edit: I'm rephrasing the question a bit. Apparently I caused some confusion because I didn't realize that the term destructor is used in OOP for something quite different - it's a function invoked when an object is being destroyed. In functional programming we (try to) avoid mutable state so there is no such equivalent to it. (I added the proper tag to the question.) Instead, I've seen that the record field for unwrapping a value (especially for single-valued data types such as newtypes) is sometimes called destructor or perhaps deconstructor. For example, let's have (in Haskell): newtype Wrap = Wrap { unwrap :: Int } Here Wrap is the constructor and unwrap is what? I've seen both, for example: ... Most often, one supplies smart constructors and destructors for these to ease working with them. ... at Haskell wiki, or ... The general theme here is to fuse constructor - deconstructor pairs like ... at Haskell wikibook (here it's probably meant in a bit more general sense). The questions are: How do we call unwrap in functional programming? Deconstructor? Destructor? Or by some other term? And to clarify, is this terminology applicable to other functional languages, or is it used just in the Has

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• Best Terminology for a particular php-based site architecture? [closed]

  - by hen3ry

  For a site... o whose overall look-and-feel is generated by one php page ("index.php"). o in which "index.php" provides for all pages served the following required components: The DOCTYPE, opening html tag, the head section, the opening body tag, the end-body tag, and end-html tag. o which uses computed hierarchical navigation menus within "index.php" to offer visitors access to the site content. o in which all content is stored in individual files that contain "headerless html". (The DOCTYPE, etc. etc. being being provided by "index.php" as described above.) Q1: what term best describes this architecture? I'm seeking a concise descriptor that is useful in conversation and definitive as a search term, in whole-web searches, and searching here on Pro Webmasters. Q2: what term best describes the individual content files? Same general goals for the descriptor as above. As you see above, I couldn't avoid using the term "headerless html", my best choice. But this term does not seem to be in general use. I've found some people use this term to describe such as my content files, but others use it quite differently.

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• Where to Start?

  - by freemann098

  my name is Chase. I've been programming for over 3 years now and I've made very little progress towards game development. I blame myself for it due to reasons. I have experience in many languages such as C++, C#, and Java. I have a little bit of knowledge in JavaScript/HTML and Python. My question is where to start on actually understanding jumping into game development. Whenever I watch game development tutorials it mostly makes sense until points of things like OpenGL or advanced topics that make no sense at all. An example is something like glOrhho Matrix or whatever. Videos either don't explain things like this or they're not explained very well. Do I not know enough basics? I find myself always copying code from a video but understanding very little of it. It's like i'm memorizing things I don't understand which makes it hard to program at all. If I were to want to get to the point where I could write my own game engine or just a game by myself in general in C++ using at the most documentation how would I start at mastering to that level. Should I learn C first, or get really good at basics in general with C++. I know there is a similar posted question on this site but it's not the same due to the fact the person asking the question has a well knowledge level in programming. I'm stuck in a loop of learning the same things but if I go farther I don't understand. I'm stuck in the same spot and need to make progress.

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• Getting the PC speaker to beep

  - by broiyan

  There has been much written on getting the beep sound from Ubuntu releases over the years. Example: fixing the beep My needs are slightly different in that I do not want to ensure sound card beeps are functioning. Instead, I want PC speaker beeps, the kind produced by the original built-in speaker because I believe they will produce less CPU load. I have confirmed that my computer has the PC speaker by unplugging the external speakers and shutting down Ubuntu. At some point in the shutdown and restart process a beep is heard even though the external speakers have no power. I have tried the following: In /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf, turn these lines into comments: #blacklist snd_pcsp #blacklist pcspkr In .bashrc /usr/bin/xset b on /usr/bin/xset b 100 Enable in the gnome terminal: Edit Profile Prefs General Terminal Bell Ensure no "mute" selections in: System Prefs Sound various tabs (uncheck them all). Select "Enable window and button sounds" in: System Prefs Sound Sound Effects In gconf-editor desktop gnome sound, select the three sound check boxes. In gconf-editor apps metacity general select the audible bell check box. Still I get no PC speaker beeps when I send code 7 to the console via my Java program or use echo -e '\a' on the bash command line. What else should I try? Update Since my goal is to minimize load on the CPU, here is a comparison of elapsed times. Each test is for 100,000 iterations. Each variant was performed three times so three results are presented for each. printwriter.format("%c", 7); // 1.3 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 1.5 seconds Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); // 0.8 seconds, 0.3 seconds, 0.5 seconds try { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("beep"); } catch (IOException e) { } // 10.3 seconds, 16.3 seconds, 11.4 seconds These runs were done inside Eclipse so multiply by some value less than 1 for standalone execution. Unfortunately, Toolkit's beep is silent on my computer and so is code 7. The beep utility works but has the most cost.

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• 64kb limit on the size of MSMQ Multicast Messages

  - by John Breakwell

  When Windows 2003 came out, Microsoft introduced the ability to broadcast messages to any machines that were listening back. All you had to do was send out a message on a particular port and IP address and any client that had set up a Multicast queue with matching port and IP address would get a copy. Since its introduction, there have been a couple of security vulnerabilities that needed to be removed: Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-052 Vulnerability in Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) Could Allow Remote Code Execution (919007) Microsoft Security Bulletin MS08-036 Vulnerabilities in Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) could allow denial of service (950762) The second of these, MS08-036, was resolved through an undocumented change in functionality. Basically, a limit of 64kb was put on the maximum size of a message that could be broadcast using the Multicast method. Obviously this has caused a few problems for any existing MSMQ Multicast applications that expected to be able to send larger messages. A hotfix has been developed to resolve this problem. 961605 FIX: Multicast messages larger than 64 kilobytes (KB) are not delivered as expected by using Message Queuing 3.0 after security update MS08-036 is installed A registry change is required: Open the registry with Regedit Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\RMCAST\Parameters\ Create a DWord called MaxpacketSize Set the value to the desired number of bytes. You can set it to a value between zero and 4MB. If you specify anything above 4MB, it will default to 64K. A reboot is needed after adding this value.

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• When is it ever ok to write your own development tools? (editor into IDE)

  - by mario

  So I'm foremost using a text editor for coding. It's a very bare bones editor; provides mostly just syntax highlighting. But on rare occasions I also need to debug something. And that's when I have to resort to an IDE (mostly Netbeans, but got fiddly Eclipse/Aptana working as second fallback). For general use however IDEs feel not workable to me. It's a visual thing, being used to console UIs etc. And switching back and forth between a text editor and an IDE is slightly cumbersome too. That's why I'm considering extending the editor, not really into a full-fledged IDE - but at the very least integrate a debug feature. Since I'm working on PHP, it seems not that much effort. The DBGp allows to externalize a debug handler from the editor, so it's just minor integration work and figuring out how to shoehorn a breakpoint feature into the editor (joe btw). And while I've also got time to do that, I'm wondering if this is really worthwhile. In this case it's not a needed development tool. It's just for convenience. And the cause for doing it is basically just not liking the existing solution. While over time I might extend and adapt this debugger thing, it initially will be as circumstantial as Eclipse. It inevitably starts out as poor development tool. Furthermore there is likely not much reuse. (Okay, this is not an important point. Most such software exists sans much of a use case. And also obviously, similar extensions already exist for emacs and vim, so it cannot be completely pointless.) But what's a general guideline on attempting to conoct custom development tools, particularily if they are not really needed but satisfy personal preferences? (Usability enhancement not certain.)

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• Are there design patterns or generalised approaches for particle simulations?

  - by romeovs

  I'm working on a project (for college) in C++. The goal is to write a program that can more or less simulate a beam of particles flying trough the LHC synchrotron. Not wanting to rush into things, me and my team are thinking about how to implement this and I was wondering if there are general design patterns that are used to solve this kind of problem. The general approach we came up with so far is the following: there is a World that holds all objects you can add objects to this world such as Particle, Dipole and Quadrupole time is cut up into discrete steps, and at each point in time, for each Particle the magnetic and electric forces that each object in the World generates are calculated and summed up (luckily electro-magnetism is linear). each Particle moves accordingly (using a simple estimation approach to solve the differential movement equations) save the Particle positions repeat This seems a good approach but, for instance, it is hard to take into account symmetries that might be present (such as the magnetic field of each Quadrupole) and is this thus suboptimal. To take into account such symmetries as that of the Quadrupole field, it would be much easier to (also) make space discrete and somehow store form of the Quadrupole field somewhere. (Since 2532 or so Quadrupoles are stored this should lead to a massive gain of performance, not having to recalculate each Quadrupole field) So, are there any design patterns? Is the World-approach feasible or is it old-fashioned, bad programming? What about symmetry, how is that generally taken into acount?

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• Conventions for search result scoring

  - by DeaconDesperado

  I assume this type of question is more on-topic here than on regular SO. I have been working on a search feature for my team's web application and have had a lot of success building a multithreaded, "divide and conquer" processing system to work through a large amount of fulltext. Our problem domain is pretty specific. Users of the app generate posts, and as a general rule, posts that are more recent are considered to be of greater relevance. Some of the data we are trying to extract from search is very specific (user's feelings about specific items or things) and we are using python nltk to do named-entity extraction to find interesting likely query terms. Essentially we look for descriptive adjective-noun pairs and generate a general picture of a user's expressed sentiment as a list of tokens. This search is intended as an internal tool for our team to draw out a local picture of sentiments like "soggy pizza." There's some machine learning in there too to do entity resolution on terms like "soggy" to all manner of adjectives expressing nastiness. My problem is I am at a loss for how to go about scoring these results. The text being searched is split up into tokens in a list, so my initial approach would be to normalize a float score between 0.0-1.0 generated off of how far into the list the terms appear and how often they are repeated (a later mention of the term being worth less, earlier more, greater frequency-greater score, etc.) A certain amount of weight could be given to the timestamp as well, though I am not certain how to calculate this. I am curious if anyone has had to solve a similar problem in a search relevance grading between appreciable metrics (frequency, term location/colocation, recency) and if there are and guidelines for how to weight each. I should mention as well that the final fallback procedure in the search is to pipe the query to Sphinx, which has its own scoring practices. Sphinx operates as the last resort in case our application specific processing can't find any eligible candidates.

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• Should I use a separate 'admin' user as my "root sudo" or grant sudo to my 'app' user?

  - by AJB

  I'm still wrapping my brain around the Ubuntu 'nullify root' user management philosophy (and Linux in general) and I'm wondering if I should 'replace' my root user with a user called 'admin' (which basically has all the powers of the root, when using sudo) and create another user called 'app' that will be the primary user for my app. Here's the context: I'll be running a LNMP stack on Ubuntu 12.04 Server LTS. There will be only one app running on the server. The 'app' user needs to have SUPER privileges for MySQL. PHP will need to be able to exec() shell commands. The 'app' user will need to be able to transfer files via SFTP. And I'm thinking this would be the best approach: nullify 'root' user create a user called 'admin' that will be a full sudoer of root, this will be the new "root" user of NGINX, PHP, and MySQL (and all system software) grant SUPER privileges to 'app' in MySQL Grant SFTP privileges to only the 'app' user. As I'm new to this, and the information I've found in researching it tends to be of a more general nature, I'm wondering if this is a solid approach, or if it's unorthodox in a way that would cause issues down the road. Thanks in advance for any help.

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• How to join the World of Programming? [closed]

  - by litebread

  Name's Vlad and I am currently on my third year of Community College, studying Computer Science with emphasis on Programming in C++ and Networking. I have completed a few programming courses with general ease, but have not gained advanced understanding of programming through school. None of my friends are serious programmers working in the industry. Being an active lurker on many programming websites, and in general tech oriented sites I have noticed how little I know about the industry, the lingo and terminology. (I have no clue how Git hub works, but I generally understand what its for). So I am looking for help as to where I should look for information on the programming world and the industry in which I a very interested. By that I mean, what sites I should utilize to gain information on programming practices, introduction to advanced C++ and resources that simply introduce a 20some programming noob. I like programming, but I haven't dug my hands deep into it yet, I want to start to do so before I transfer to a University. All in all, where do I find information on becoming an actual programmer (Information that lays out a path). Thank you for reading. Have a great day!

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• How can one-handed work in Ubuntu be eased?

  - by N.N.

  My right hand is temporarily immobilized and I would like to do some minor general work on my computer. Mostly web browsing, mailing and file and directory browsing and editing. For this I currently use Firefox, Thunderbird, Nautilus and the GNOME terminal (I have already asked a specific question about Emacs). Are there ways to ease such, or any other general, one-handed work in Ubuntu? I have found http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2391805/how-can-i-remain-productive-with-one-hand-completely-immobilized but that is not exactly what I am asking for. I want to ease whatever little time spent one-handed in Ubuntu and this is also interesting for situations where there is no injury involved, such as when one hand is occupied. I do realize I should avoid unnecessary strain. The main thing that is much slower one-handed is writing. Since I am only temporarily immobilized it seems to make no sense learn a new keyboard layout. I would be surprised if I managed to learn and become more effective with a new keyboard layout (than one-handed QWERTY) before I can use my other hand again. What I have already found: Sticky keys for making it easier to enter keyboard commands. When writing one-handed there are more cases of where it is useful to paste in phrases rather than to reenter them. It is easier to use Super+S rather than CtrlAlt+arrow keys to switch work space.

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• @staticmethod vs module-level function

  - by darkfeline

  This is not about @staticmethod and @classmethod! I know how staticmethod works. What I want to know is the proper use cases for @staticmethod vs. a module-level function. I've googled this question, and it seems there's some general agreement that module-level functions are preferred over static methods because it's more pythonic. Static methods have the advantage of being bound to its class, which may make sense if only that class uses it. However, in Python functionality is usually organized by module not class, so usually making it a module function makes sense too. Static methods can also be overridden by subclasses, which is an advantage or disadvantage depending on how you look at it. Although, static methods are usually "functionally pure" so overriding it may not be smart, but it may be convenient sometimes (though this may be one of those "convenient, but NEVER DO IT" kind of things only experience can teach you). Are there any general rule-of-thumbs for using either staticmethod or module-level functions? What concrete advantages or disadvantages do they have (e.g. future extension, external extension, readability)? If possible, also provide a case example.

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• Oracle OpenWorld Recap - A Walk in the Clouds (and heat in San Francisco)!

  - by Di Seghposs

  Whether you were one of the 50,000 attendees in San Francisco or one of the million+ online attendees – we’d like to thank you for joining us at Oracle OpenWorld last week! With temperatures in the 80s and 90s, attendees traveled the overheated streets to join packed keynotes and general sessions – all to find the information they came in search of – Oracle solutions to address their business requirements and challenges. The buzz of this year’s OpenWorld was all about ‘The Cloud’. And, the financial management team joined in the cloud buzz with Thomas Kurian’s keynote which highlighted our ERP Cloud Service as the most complete cloud service on the market. Offering the full breadth of business operations, including Financial Management, Risk and Control Management, Project Portfolio Management, Procurement, Sourcing, and Inventory Management, Oracle ERP Cloud Service transforms the back office into a collaborative, efficient, and intuitive hub. And, our product marketing expert on Financial Management, Annette Melatti, provided a glimpse of what the office of finance looks like in the 21st century as well as shared what’s next for Oracle’s financial solutions discussing the future of Financial Management with Fusion Financials, E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft and the JD Edwards solutions. There were over 120 sessions from customers, partners, and Oracle experts that addressed financial management solutions along with demo pods and Meet the Experts sessions. We hope you found what you were looking for! Missed any of the keynotes or general sessions? Watch them on demand here. At OpenWorld, we also announced that Lending Club, the leading platform for investing in and obtaining personal loans, has selected Oracle ERP Cloud Service to help improve decision-making, implement robust reporting, and take advantage of the cost savings provided by the cloud. The CFO of Lending Club, Carrie Dolan had mentioned that they “are an innovative, data-intensive, high-growth company and needed a solution and partner that could match us. We conducted a thorough review of our options, and Oracle ERP Cloud Service was the clear winner in terms of capabilities and business value as well as commitment to us as a customer.” Read the entire release here. For now, it’s back to business as we gear up for the second half of our fiscal year and start planning for Oracle OpenWorld 2013!

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• What makes you look like a bad developer (ie a hacker) [on hold]

  - by user134583

  This comes from a lot of people about me, so I have to look at myself. So I would wonder what make one a bad developer (ie a hacker). These are a few things about me I used IDE intensively, all features, you name it: auto-completion, refactoring, quick fixes, open type, view hierarchy, API documentation, etcc When I deal with writing code for a project in domain I am not used to (I can't have fluency in this, this is new), I only have a very rough high level ideas. I don't use the standard modeling diagrams for early detail planning. Unorthodox diagrams that I invented when I need to draw the design in details. I don't use UML or similar, I find them not enough. I divide the sorts of diagram I drew into 3 types. Very high level diagrams which probably can be understood by almost anybody. Data entity diagram used for modeling data objects only (like ER diagrams and tree for inheritances and composition). Action diagrams for agents/classes and their interactions on data objects they contain. Constantly changing the interface (public methods) between interacting agents/classes if the need arises. I am more refrained when the interface and the module have matured Write initial concept code in a quick hackie way just so that the module works in the general cases so that I can play around with it. The module will be re-factored intensively after playing around so I could see more corner cases that I couldn't or (wouldn't want) anticipate before writing code. Using JUnit for integration-like test by using TestSuite class and ordering Unit test classes in the suite Using debugger almost anytime there is a problem instead of reading the code Constantly search on the internet for how to do some thing with some library that I haven't used a lot. So judgment, am I a bad developer? a hacker? Put in other words, to make sure this is not considered off-topic: - Is this bad practice to make your code too agile during incubating/prototyping phase of software development - Is it bad practice to use JUnit for integration testing, (I know there are other framework for integration testing, but those frameworks are for a specific products, not general)

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• Random generation of interesting puzzle levels?

  - by monsterfarm

  I'm making a Sokoban-like game i.e. there's a grid that has some crates on it you can push and you have to get the crates on crosses to win the level (although I'm going to add some extra elements to it). Are there any general algorithms or reading material I can look at for how I could go about generating interesting (as in, not trivial to solve) levels for this style of game? I'm aware that random level generators exist for Sokoban but I'm having trouble finding the algorithm descriptions. I'm interested in making a game where the machine can generate lots of levels for me, sorted by difficulty. I'm even willing to constrain the rules of the game to make the level generation easier (e.g. I'll probably limit the grid size to about 7x7). I suspect there are some general ways to do level generation here as I've seen e.g. Traffic Jam-like games (where you have to move blocks around the free some block) with 1000s of levels where each one has a unique solution. One idea I had was to generate a random map in its final state (i.e. where all crates are on top of their crosses) and then the computer would pull (instead of push) these crates around to create a level. The nice property here is that we know the level is solvable. However, I'd need some heuristics to ensure the level was interesting.

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• What kinds of languages would be most useful for this kind of webapp?

  - by Caedar

  I've had some experience with programming in the past (2-3 years of C++ self-teaching), so I'm no stranger to the programming process, but there are so many languages out there that I'm lost when thinking about this project idea that's been floating around my head: I would like to create a webapp that would be used for helping somebody figure out what kinds of productivity tools would suit them. The first part of the app would basically be a survey with a variety of questions that would help weed out tools that wouldn't be useful for them. (Slider bar between minimalist and maximizer, slider bar between all free apps and no cost limit, checkboxes on what platforms are required, etc.) While the person is filling out the survey, they will see a web of applications, webapps, and other tools forming on the screen with links showing the relationships the programs have with eachother (syncing supported, good combinations of apps, etc.), along with a list of applications below sorted by general use (notetaking, document organization, storage, etc.) I would imagine that each program entered into the database that will be accessed would have a certain set of characteristics, ie. price, user friendliness, platforms supported, general uses, etc. and the survey would be designed to correlate to those elements and remove programs that don't match the criteria set. The difficult part of this entire process would be getting the web of applications to arrange itself and render properly. Now that I've finished mind-dumping, onto my question: What kinds/combinations of programming languages would you imagine being useful for this kind of project, and why? I learn best by setting up a project for myself like this one and tinkering with the languages, so I don't mind if the end product is out of reach from my current skill level. I'd just like some guidance so I don't fumble in the dark for too long.

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• Interactive Data Language, IDL: Does anybody care?

  - by Alex

  Anyone use a language called Interactive Data Language, IDL? It is popular with scientists. I think it is a poor language because it is proprietary (every terminal running it has to have an expensive license purchased) and it has minimal support (try searching for IDL, the language, right now on stack) . I am trying to convince my colleagues to stop using it and learn C/C++/Python/Fortran/Java/Ruby. Does anybody know about or even care about IDL enough to have opinions on it? What do you think of it? Should I tell my colleagues to stop wasting their time on it now? How can I convince them? Edit: People are getting the impression that I don't know or use IDL. Also, I said IDL has minimal support which is true in one sense, so I must clarify that the scientific libraries are indeed large. I use IDL all the time, but this is exactly the problem: I am only using IDL because colleagues use it. There is a file format IDL uses, the .sav, which can only be opened in IDL. So I must use IDL to work with this data and transfer the data back to colleagues, but I know I would be more efficient in another language. This is like someone sending you a microsoft word file in an email attachment and if you don't understand how wrong that is then you probably write too many words not enough code and you bought microsoft word. Edit: As an alternative to IDL Python is popular. Here is a list of The Pros of IDL (and the cons) from AstroBetter: Pros of IDL Mature many numerical and astronomical libraries available Wide astronomical user base Numerical aspect well integrated with language itself Many local users with deep experience Faster for small arrays Easier installation Good, unified documentation Standard GUI run/debug tool (IDLDE) Single widget system (no angst about which to choose or learn) SAVE/RESTORE capability Use of keyword arguments as flags more convenient Cons of IDL Narrow applicability, not well suited to general programming Slower for large arrays Array functionality less powerful Table support poor Limited ability to extend using C or Fortran, such extensions hard to distribute and support Expensive, sometimes problem collaborating with others that don’t have or can’t afford licenses. Closed source (only RSI can fix bugs) Very awkward to integrate with IRAF tasks Memory management more awkward Single widget system (useless if working within another framework) Plotting: Awkward support for symbols and math text Many font systems, portability issues (v5.1 alleviates somewhat) not as flexible or as extensible plot windows not intrinsically interactive (e.g., pan & zoom) Pros of Python Very general and powerful programming language, yet easy to learn. Strong, but optional, Object Oriented programming support Very large user and developer community, very extensive and broad library base Very extensible with C, C++, or Fortran, portable distribution mechanisms available Free; non-restrictive license; Open Source Becoming the standard scripting language for astronomy Easy to use with IRAF tasks Basis of STScI application efforts More general array capabilities Faster for large arrays, better support for memory mapping Many books and on-line documentation resources available (for the language and its libraries) Better support for table structures Plotting framework (matplotlib) more extensible and general Better font support and portability (only one way to do it too) Usable within many windowing frameworks (GTK, Tk, WX, Qt…) Standard plotting functionality independent of framework used plots are embeddable within other GUIs more powerful image handling (multiple simultaneous LUTS, optional resampling/rescaling, alpha blending, etc) Support for many widget systems Strong local influence over capabilities being developed for Python Cons of Python More items to install separately Not as well accepted in astronomical community (but support clearly growing) Scientific libraries not as mature: Documentation not as complete, not as unified Not as deep in astronomical libraries and utilities Not all IDL numerical library functions have corresponding functionality in Python Some numeric constructs not quite as consistent with language (or slightly less convenient than IDL) Array indexing convention “backwards” Small array performance slower No standard GUI run/debug tool Support for many widget systems (angst regarding which to choose) Current lack of function equivalent to SAVE/RESTORE in IDL matplotlib does not yet have equivalents for all IDL 2-D plotting capability (e.g., surface plots) Use of keyword arguments used as flags less convenient Plotting: comparatively immature, still much development going on missing some plot type (e.g., surface) 3-d capability requires VTK (though matplotlib has some basic 3-d capability)

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• How to copy this portion of a text file out and put into a hash using rails? (VATsim datafile)

  - by Rusty Broderick

  Hi I'm trying to work out how i can cut out the section between !CLIENTS and the '; ;' and then to parse it into a hash in order to make an xml file. Honestly have no idea how to do it. The file is as follows: vatsim-data.txt original file here ; Created at 30/12/2010 01:29:14 UTC by Data Server V4.0 ; ; Data is the property of VATSIM.net and is not to be used for commercial purposes without the express written permission of the VATSIM.net Founders or their designated agent(s ). ; ; Sections are: ; !GENERAL contains general settings ; !CLIENTS contains informations about all connected clients ; !PREFILE contains informations about all prefiled flight plans ; !SERVERS contains a list of all FSD running servers to which clients can connect ; !VOICE SERVERS contains a list of all running voice servers that clients can use ; ; Data formats of various sections are: ; !GENERAL section - VERSION is this data format version ; RELOAD is time in minutes this file will be updated ; UPDATE is the last date and time this file has been updated. Format is yyyymmddhhnnss ; ATIS ALLOW MIN is time in minutes to wait before allowing manual Atis refresh by way of web page interface ; CONNECTED CLIENTS is the number of clients currently connected ; !CLIENTS section - callsign:cid:realname:clienttype:frequency:latitude:longitude:altitude:groundspeed:planned_aircraft:planned_tascruise:planned_depairport:planned_altitude:planned_destairport:server:protrevision:rating:transponder:facilitytype:visualrange:planned_revision:planned_flighttype:planned_deptime:planned_actdeptime:planned_hrsenroute:planned_minenroute:planned_hrsfuel:planned_minfuel:planned_altairport:planned_remarks:planned_route:planned_depairport_lat:planned_depairport_lon:planned_destairport_lat:planned_destairport_lon:atis_message:time_last_atis_received:time_logon:heading:QNH_iHg:QNH_Mb: ; !PREFILE section - callsign:cid:realname:clienttype:frequency:latitude:longitude:altitude:groundspeed:planned_aircraft:planned_tascruise:planned_depairport:planned_altitude:planned_destairport:server:protrevision:rating:transponder:facilitytype:visualrange:planned_revision:planned_flighttype:planned_deptime:planned_actdeptime:planned_hrsenroute:planned_minenroute:planned_hrsfuel:planned_minfuel:planned_altairport:planned_remarks:planned_route:planned_depairport_lat:planned_depairport_lon:planned_destairport_lat:planned_destairport_lon:atis_message:time_last_atis_received:time_logon:heading:QNH_iHg:QNH_Mb: ; !SERVERS section - ident:hostname_or_IP:location:name:clients_connection_allowed: ; !VOICE SERVERS section - hostname_or_IP:location:name:clients_connection_allowed:type_of_voice_server: ; ; Field separator is : character ; ; !GENERAL: VERSION = 8 RELOAD = 2 UPDATE = 20101230012914 ATIS ALLOW MIN = 5 CONNECTED CLIENTS = 515 ; ; !VOICE SERVERS: voice2.vacc-sag.org:Nurnberg:Europe-CW:1:R: voice.vatsim.fi:Finland - Sponsored by Verkkokauppa.com and NBL Solutions:Finland:1:R: rw.liveatc.net:USA, California:Liveatc:1:R: rw1.vatpac.org:Melbourne, Australia:Oceania:1:R: spain.vatsim.net:Spain:Vatsim Spain Server:1:R: voice.nyartcc.org:Sponsored by NY ARTCC:NY-ARTCC:1:R: voice.zhuartcc.net:Sponsored by Houston ARTCC:ZHU-ARTCC:1:R: ; ; !CLIENTS: 01PD:1090811:prentis gibbs KJFK:PILOT::40.64841:-73.81030:15:0::0::::USA-E:100:1:1200::::::::::::::::::::20101230010851:28:30.1:1019: 4X-BRH:1074589:george sandoval LLJR:PILOT::50.05618:-125.84429:10819:206:C337/G:150:CYAL:FL120:CCI9:EUROPE-C2:100:1:6043:::2:I:110:110:1:26:2:59:: /T/:DCT:0:0:0:0:::20101230005323:129:29.76:1007: 50125:1109107:Dave Frew KEDU:PILOT::46.52736:-121.95317:23877:471:B/B744/F:530:KTCM:30000:KLSV:USA-E:100:1:7723:::1:I:0:116:0:0:0:0:::GPS DIRECT.:0:0:0:0:::20101230012346:164:29.769:1008: 85013:1126003:Dmitry Abramov UWWW:PILOT::76.53819:71.54782:33444:423:T/ZZZZ/G:500:UUDD:FL330:ULAA:EUROPE-C2:100:1:2200:::2:I:0:2139:0:0:0:0:ULLI::BITSA DCT WM/N0485S1010 DCT KS DCT NE R22 ULWW B153 LAPEK B210 SU G476 OLATA:0:0:0:0:::20101229215815:62:53.264:1803: ; ; !SERVERS: EUROPE-C2:88.198.19.202:Europe:Center Europe Server Two:1: ; ; END I want to format the html with the tags with client being the parent and the nested tags as follows: callsign:cid:realname:clienttype:frequency:latitude:longitude:altitude:groundspeed:planned_aircraft:planned_tascruise:planned_depairport:planned_altitude:planned_destairport:server:protrevision:rating:transponder:facilitytype:visualrange:planned_revision:planned_flighttype:planned_deptime:planned_actdeptime:planned_hrsenroute:planned_minenroute:planned_hrsfuel:planned_minfuel:planned_altairport:planned_remarks:planned_route:planned_depairport_lat:planned_depairport_lon:planned_destairport_lat:planned_destairport_lon:atis_message:time_last_atis_received:time_logon:heading:QNH_iHg:QNH_Mb: Any help in solving this would be much appreciated!

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• Behind ASP.NET MVC Mock Objects

  - by imran_ku07

     Introduction:           I think this sentence now become very familiar to ASP.NET MVC developers that "ASP.NET MVC is designed with testability in mind". But what ASP.NET MVC team did for making applications build with ASP.NET MVC become easily testable? Understanding this is also very important because it gives you some help when designing custom classes. So in this article i will discuss some abstract classes provided by ASP.NET MVC team for the various ASP.NET intrinsic objects, including HttpContext, HttpRequest, and HttpResponse for making these objects as testable. I will also discuss that why it is hard and difficult to test ASP.NET Web Forms.      Description:           Starting from Classic ASP to ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Intrinsic objects is extensively used in all form of web application. They provide information about Request, Response, Server, Application and so on. But ASP.NET MVC uses these intrinsic objects in some abstract manner. The reason for this abstraction is to make your application testable. So let see the abstraction.           As we know that ASP.NET MVC uses the same runtime engine as ASP.NET Web Form uses, therefore the first receiver of the request after IIS and aspnet_filter.dll is aspnet_isapi.dll. This will start the application domain. With the application domain up and running, ASP.NET does some initialization and after some initialization it will call Application_Start if it is defined. Then the normal HTTP pipeline event handlers will be executed including both HTTP Modules and global.asax event handlers. One of the HTTP Module is registered by ASP.NET MVC is UrlRoutingModule. The purpose of this module is to match a route defined in global.asax. Every matched route must have IRouteHandler. In default case this is MvcRouteHandler which is responsible for determining the HTTP Handler which returns MvcHandler (which is derived from IHttpHandler). In simple words, Route has MvcRouteHandler which returns MvcHandler which is the IHttpHandler of current request. In between HTTP pipeline events the handler of ASP.NET MVC, MvcHandler.ProcessRequest will be executed and shown as given below,          void IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)          {                    this.ProcessRequest(context);          }          protected virtual void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)          {                    // HttpContextWrapper inherits from HttpContextBase                    HttpContextBase ctxBase = new HttpContextWrapper(context);                    this.ProcessRequest(ctxBase);          }          protected internal virtual void ProcessRequest(HttpContextBase ctxBase)          {                    . . .          }             HttpContextBase is the base class. HttpContextWrapper inherits from HttpContextBase, which is the parent class that include information about a single HTTP request. This is what ASP.NET MVC team did, just wrap old instrinsic HttpContext into HttpContextWrapper object and provide opportunity for other framework to provide their own implementation of HttpContextBase. For example           public class MockHttpContext : HttpContextBase          {                    . . .          }                     As you can see, it is very easy to create your own HttpContext. That's what did the third party mock frameworks like TypeMock, Moq, RhinoMocks, or NMock2 to provide their own implementation of ASP.NET instrinsic objects classes.           The key point to note here is the types of ASP.NET instrinsic objects. In ASP.NET Web Form and ASP.NET MVC. For example in ASP.NET Web Form the type of Request object is HttpRequest (which is sealed) and in ASP.NET MVC the type of Request object is HttpRequestBase. This is one of the reason that makes test in ASP.NET WebForm is difficult. because their is no base class and the HttpRequest class is sealed, therefore it cannot act as a base class to others. On the other side ASP.NET MVC always uses a base class to give a chance to third parties and unit test frameworks to create thier own implementation ASP.NET instrinsic object.           Therefore we can say that in ASP.NET MVC, instrinsic objects are of type base classes (for example HttpContextBase) .Actually these base classes had it's own implementation of same interface as the intrinsic objects it abstracts. It includes only virtual members which simply throws an exception. ASP.NET MVC also provides the corresponding wrapper classes (for example, HttpRequestWrapper) which provides a concrete implementation of the base classes in the form of ASP.NET intrinsic object. Other wrapper classes may be defined by third parties in the form of a mock object for testing purpose.           So we can say that a Request object in ASP.NET MVC may be HttpRequestWrapper or may be MockRequestWrapper(assuming that MockRequestWrapper class is used for testing purpose). Here is list of ASP.NET instrinsic and their implementation in ASP.NET MVC in the form of base and wrapper classes. Base Class Wrapper Class ASP.NET Intrinsic Object Description HttpApplicationStateBase HttpApplicationStateWrapper Application HttpApplicationStateBase abstracts the intrinsic Application object HttpBrowserCapabilitiesBase HttpBrowserCapabilitiesWrapper HttpBrowserCapabilities HttpBrowserCapabilitiesBase abstracts the HttpBrowserCapabilities class HttpCachePolicyBase HttpCachePolicyWrapper HttpCachePolicy HttpCachePolicyBase abstracts the HttpCachePolicy class HttpContextBase HttpContextWrapper HttpContext HttpContextBase abstracts the intrinsic HttpContext object HttpFileCollectionBase HttpFileCollectionWrapper HttpFileCollection HttpFileCollectionBase abstracts the HttpFileCollection class HttpPostedFileBase HttpPostedFileWrapper HttpPostedFile HttpPostedFileBase abstracts the HttpPostedFile class HttpRequestBase HttpRequestWrapper Request HttpRequestBase abstracts the intrinsic Request object HttpResponseBase HttpResponseWrapper Response HttpResponseBase abstracts the intrinsic Response object HttpServerUtilityBase HttpServerUtilityWrapper Server HttpServerUtilityBase abstracts the intrinsic Server object HttpSessionStateBase HttpSessionStateWrapper Session HttpSessionStateBase abstracts the intrinsic Session object HttpStaticObjectsCollectionBase HttpStaticObjectsCollectionWrapper HttpStaticObjectsCollection HttpStaticObjectsCollectionBase abstracts the HttpStaticObjectsCollection class      Summary:           ASP.NET MVC provides a set of abstract classes for ASP.NET instrinsic objects in the form of base classes, allowing someone to create their own implementation. In addition, ASP.NET MVC also provide set of concrete classes in the form of wrapper classes. This design really makes application easier to test and even application may replace concrete implementation with thier own implementation, which makes ASP.NET MVC very flexable.

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• PHP Web Development, Web Development Using PHP As an Open Source

  PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. PHP is the most famous language nowadays as it is an open source and web development requires no costs in implementation.

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• Luke Skywalker’s Adoption [Video]

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  How precisely did Luke Skywalker come to be secreted away on Tatooine? In this clip we see Luke Skywalker’s uncle Owen is entirely uncertain about Obi Wan’s plan for leaving Luke in his care. Luke Skywalker’s Adoption 6 Start Menu Replacements for Windows 8 What Is the Purpose of the “Do Not Cover This Hole” Hole on Hard Drives? How To Log Into The Desktop, Add a Start Menu, and Disable Hot Corners in Windows 8

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