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• Linux: Tool to monitor every process, execute-command, shortly, monitor what's happening at the moment

  - by Bevor

  Hello, due to a freeze problem of my Ubuntu 10.10 (it is not isolatable) I though about logging every executable of the kernel somehow in any file to see what happens last when a freeze occures the next time to not lose valuable information. I found acct but this is obviously not what I'm looking for. Actually it logs just user commands and those things. I need something which logs in a much "deeper" level. The best would be some kind of script which records every interrupt. Does anybody know some tool like that?

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• Siege - running a stress test benchmark

  - by morgoth84

  I need to do a benchmark test of a HTTPS server using Siege, to see how it behaves under massive load. I'm initiating tests from another machine which is quite powerful and it is connected to the same physical switch the server is connected on. But when I initiate a test, I can't get it to make more than 170 requests per second. With this load the server's CPU usage is at 15-20% and the average response time for a request is approx. 0.03 seconds. Load of the client machine is approx. at 10%. So, I gradually increase the number of users in Siege (the number of worker threads) and request rate linearly increases up to 170 reqs/sec, but it never gets over it. No matter how many more worker threads I start, the load on the server is never more than 20% (and the client's load also doesn't increase any more). How can I overcome this? I've googled a bit and found out that after a request is completed, a socket associated with one ephermal port remains in WAIT_TIME state for some time during which it can't be reused. I tried to overcome this by doing these things: sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="1024 65535" echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle Oh, and the client machine is a Linux (RedHat, I think, but I'm not sure). Any help would be appreciated.

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• route command not being executed in rc.local

  - by user1265478

  I tried adding route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0 to my Fedora rc.local file, but it's not being executed when Fedora boots up. What can I do to fix this? update: i changed to the full path cmd in my rc.local /sbin/route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0 but its not being executed. I change it to sudo /sbin/route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0 it still doesnt work although it works when i manually enter it in the terminal.

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• Deployment and monitoring tools for java/tomcat/linux environment

  - by Ran

  I'm a developer for many years, but don't have tons of experience in ops, so apology if this is a newbe question. In my company we run a web service written in Java mainly based on a Tomcat web server. We have two datacenters with about 10 hosts each. Hosts are of several types: Dababase, Tomcats, some offline java processes, memcached servers. All hosts are Linux CentOS Up until now, when releasing a new version to production we've been using a set of inhouse shell script that copy jars/wars and restart the tomcats. The company has gotten bigger so it has become more and more difficult operating all this and taking code from development, through QA, staging and to production. A typical release many times involves human errors that cost us precious uptime. Sometimes we need to revert to last known good and this isn't easy to say the least... We're looking for a tool, a framework, a solution that would provide the following: Supports the given list of technology (java, tomcat, linux etc) Provides easy deployment through different stages, including QA and production Provides configuration management. E.g. setting server properties (what's the connection URL of each host etc), server.xml or context configuration etc Monitoring. If we can get monitoring in the same package, that'll be nice. If not, then yet another tool we can use to monitor our servers. Preferably, open source with tons of documentation ;) Can anyone share their experience? Suggest a few tools? Thanks!

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• linux: per-process monitor, every 10 minutes, with history access

  - by Inbar Rose

  I really didn't know a better way to ask my question, hence you get a horribly named question. I will explain what i want to do, maybe that will help you help me. I would like to have my linux machine continuously monitor (every 10 minutes) all the processes on my machine. The information from each process that I require is the name, CPU usage, allocated (virtual) memory, and resident (ram) memory. If these periodic reports were to be looked at, they would look something like this: PROCESS CPU RAM VIRTUAL name1 % MB MB name2 % MB MB ...etc..etc These reports should be stored in such a way that I can access them at a later date by giving a date/time scope (range). For instance, if I want to see the history of my processes from 12:00:00 1.12.12 till 12:00:00 2.12.12 I can - and it should give me the history of the processes for every 10 minutes between those date/time borders. The format of the return is not important, that will be handled by a script anyway and can be modified into anything I need. I have looked into a few things so far, but have not found something that clearly meets my needs. Among the things i searched: sar, free(1), top(1).. and a few other things. It should be a simple issue, i can already see all this information by simply looking at my htop, but i need only a tool that will gather the desired fields for me for each processes every 10 minutes, and then also let me extract slices of that data based on date/time scopes (ranges). note: I have limited experience with linux, so please give detailed information. note2: The desired output will be something like this (after receiving the desired range) CPU USAGE BY PROCESS: proc_nameA 1,2,2,2,2,2...... numbers represent % usage every 10 minutes... proc_nameB 4,3,3,6,1,2...... The same idea with the other information.

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• java memory allocation under linux

  - by pstanton

  I'm running 4 java processes with the following command: java -Xmx256m -jar ... and the system has 8Gb memory under fedora 12. however it is apparently going into swap. how can that be if 4 x 256m = 1Gb ? EDIT: also, how can all 8Gb of memory be used with so little memory allocated to basically the only thing running? is it java not garbage collecting because the OS tells it it doesn't need to or what? TOP: top - 20:13:57 up 3:55, 6 users, load average: 1.99, 2.54, 2.67 Tasks: 251 total, 6 running, 245 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 50.1%us, 2.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 45.1%id, 1.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8252304k total, 8195552k used, 56752k free, 34356k buffers Swap: 10354680k total, 74044k used, 10280636k free, 6624148k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1948 xxxxxxxx 20 0 1624m 240m 4020 S 96.8 3.0 164:33.75 java 1927 xxxxxxxx 20 0 139m 31m 27m R 91.8 0.4 38:34.55 postgres 1929 xxxxxxxx 20 0 1624m 200m 3984 S 86.2 2.5 183:24.88 java 1969 xxxxxxxx 20 0 1624m 292m 3984 S 65.6 3.6 154:06.76 java 1987 xxxxxxxx 20 0 137m 29m 27m R 28.5 0.4 75:49.82 postgres 1581 root 20 0 159m 18m 4712 S 22.5 0.2 52:42.54 Xorg 2411 xxxxxxxx 20 0 309m 9748 4544 S 20.9 0.1 45:05.08 gnome-system-mo 1947 xxxxxxxx 20 0 137m 28m 27m S 13.3 0.4 44:46.04 postgres 1772 xxxxxxxx 20 0 135m 25m 25m S 4.0 0.3 1:09.14 postgres 1966 xxxxxxxx 20 0 137m 29m 27m S 3.0 0.4 64:27.09 postgres 1773 xxxxxxxx 20 0 135m 732 624 S 1.0 0.0 0:24.86 postgres 2464 xxxxxxxx 20 0 15028 1156 744 R 0.7 0.0 0:49.14 top 344 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:02.26 kdmflush 1 root 20 0 4124 620 524 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.88 init 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/0

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• Changing the name of a binary packaged application and its evoking command

  - by jerkstore

  I have taken the source code of a large project, App A, and made many modifications to it to produce my version, App B. Both App A and App B compile cleanly on Debian and Red Hat and now I would like to build binary packages for both platforms. The last modification I need to make is ensuring App B can be installed alongside App A without any interference. I should be able to evoke both application-a and application-b in the terminal and have both be listed as separate software in whatever desktop environment is present. The projects have a debian/ folder (containing rules, control, etc.) and an rpm/ folder containing a SPEC file. Currently, building and installing the .rpm and .deb packages works except that App B is recognized as App A and therefore does not meet the aforementioned requirements. ldd shows the programs have the same exact dependencies and I am not able to pursue static linking of libraries. What modifications do I need to make to my project to achieve the desired outcome? Please be specific as I do not have much experience with the packaging process.

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• How to manage enterprise network of Linux machines?

  - by killy9999

  I work at the university. In my institute we have six computer laboratories used for teaching. Each lab has almost 20 computers, which gives over 100 machines total. Computers have either Windows XP or Windows 7 Eneterprise operating system. We use Symantec Ghost to manage all the computers. Each computer has a Ghost client installed, which allows to control computers over network. Every six months we restore a master image on one of the computers in a lab, update that image and distribute it over the network to all computers in a laboratory. Thanks to Ghost client this is done automatically with just a few clicks. Recently I suggested that it would be good to have Linux installed in the laboratories. The administrators were concerned that we would not be able to manage that many computers if each would have to be updated manually. The question is: how to manage such a huge network of Linux machines in an automated way? To make the description of our network more complete I'll add that all students have their accounts (about few thousand users) on a central server. These are accessed via LDAP. To use a computer in laboratory each student has to log in using his own account.

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• Linux RHEL : Making disk image efficiently

  - by TheProfoundGeek

  I have a linux box having RHEL. Its disk (hda1) is having free space of about 25GB. I have an another disk (hda2) which is of 250GB having another RHEL instance, it's partitioned for 200GB. Data on the disk occupies about 21GB of data. The image of hda2 needs to be taken and restored on other disk of same specs. What is the best way to make image file of the hda2? Ideally the images size should be around 25GBs as the actual data on the disk is just 21GB. I am aware about the following two methods. Method 1 : Raw Image dd if=/dev/hda2 of=/path/to/image dd if=/path/to/image of=/dev/hda3 Question 1 : Will the above method make a gigantic image of 250GBs? Is it efficient? Method 2 : Compressed Image. dd if=/dev/hda2 | gzip > /path/to/image.gz gzip -dc /path/to/image.gz | dd of=/dev/hda2 Question 2 : I tried the method 2, its taking too long. What are the pit falls of this methods? Which of the above method id efficient and why? Is there any other Linux utility which can do the job? Third party tools are no no.

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• Mac OS X equivalent header file for `sysinfo.h` in Linux

  - by pcbabu

  Is there any Mac OS X equivalent header file for sysinfo.h in Linux. I am porting code from Linux to Mac but the structure struct sysinfo is not found. Edit: ==More info== In Linux platform I use a Header file <sys/sysinfo.h> which is not found in Mac. By including the header in Linux I perform following operation: struct sysinfo s; sysinfo(&s); Which in result give me some system related info. Now as I porting my project from Linux to Mac I want to know is there any similar functionality serve by Mac. Please help. Thanks in advance.

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• CoreFoundation Lite on Linux and Android

  - by celil

  I would like to use Apple's CoreFoundation library on linux and android. The source code is available here, but there is very little documentation on how to build it on Linux. As far as I could figure out, building is done through a script called BuildCFLite. I grepped for DEPLOYMENT_TARGET ./CFUtilities.c:#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_LINUX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_FREEBSD and Linux seems to be supported at first site by setting -DDEPLOYMENT_TARGET_LINUX, but some of the compiler flags in that script are not available on linux, so when I try to build I get an error. Does anybody have experience building the latest version of CoreFoundation for Linux? Also what are the dependencies for building CoreFoundation? Would it be feasible to use it in the Android NDK?

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• looking for information on porting Linux apps to windows

  - by claws

  Today I've encountered a very good book : UNIX to Linux® Porting: A Comprehensive Reference By Alfredo Mendoza, Chakarat Skawratananond, Artis Walker This reminded me of the thing I always wanted to know. "Porting Linux apps to Windows". I mean porting native Linux apps to native Windows with no platforms involved. If I can find any good book which explains this topic. I've lot of amazing linux command line tools in mind which needs a windows port. Please point me to relevant articles/tutorials/books. PS: please don't tell me to use linux emulation platforms like Cygwin.

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• Capturing network traffic on Linux

  - by Quandary

  Question: I have one Windows laptop, one Linux laptop and a wireless router. Now I want to "investigate" the hotmail/windows live protocol. What I want to do is route network traffic from the windows laptop via ethernet to the linux laptop, capture it on the Linux computer, forward it wirelessly to the router, receive the hotmail response from the router on the linux computer and forward it to the windows computer. How do I do that? In essence, switching the Linux laptop between the Windows laptop and the router, to capture network traffic ? Which program is best for capturing/analysing ? Please note that for whatever reason, packet capturing with winpcap on the windows computer doesn't work...

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• Cannot exit X server, restart, shutdown or drop to tty when VGA monitor active

  - by terdon

  I have a strange problem. If I connect an external VGA monitor to my laptop, exiting the X environment in any way crashes the computer. For example, say I am working with my two monitors (the laptop's and one connected to my VGA port) active. Hitting Ctrl+Alt+F Key should take me down to a tty. What actually happens is that the VGA screen goes blank, as you would expect, but the laptop screen, although still on, shows nothing. I know the screen is on because it is slightly more illuminated than when it is off. When in this state, I can do nothing to regain access to the machine. I have tried: Ctrl+F Key (and even Ctrl+Alt+F Key, just in case) combinations and none seem to have any effect. Ctrl+Alt+Del : Nothing Magic SysRq key: Nothing Blindly typing my username and password and trying to reboot/shutdown or restart GDM or MDM: Nothing The only thing that works is a hard reset. The exact same behavior occurs when kiling the X server through Ctrl+Alt+Backspace, rebooting or shutdown. There is no difference if I reboot/shutdown/log out using the WM's graphical menu or if I use the shutdown or rebootcommands. It is also not WM-dependent. I have the same problem using Cinnamon, Gnome 3, MATE and xfce4. It is, however, VGA dependent. I have tried connecting another VGA monitor and have the same problem. I do not, however, have this problem if a screen is connected to the DisplayPort. It is, therefore, a VGA specific issue. To make things even stranger, this only occurs when both screens are active. If either the laptop screen or the VGA monitor is inactive the problem goes away. Finally, this problem arose when I installed the latest Linux Mint Debian (LMDE). It did not occur with the previous release of LMDE. I am not sure what has changed since I used the same kernel version in both releases (I had upgraded the kernel while on the previous release) and, I think, the same nvidia drivers. Oh, and yes, I have updated the nvidia driver. Hardware: Dell M4500 laptop CPU: Intel Core i7 RAM: 8GB Graphics: nVidia GT216 [Quadro FX 880M] Software: LMDE, kernel 3.2.0-2-amd64 Xorg: 1.11.4 nVidia kernel: 295.20-1+3.2.9-1 Possibly relevant files: /var/log/Xorg.0.log ~/.xsession-errors Does anyone have any ideas how to fix this? Thanks in advance for any help.

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• Is the console command cd a wildcard of sorts? [closed]

  - by Spiritios

  I was wondering while developing some application (though this is not a development question) if the cd command used in Windows is a wildcard or cross-platform command of sorts. I looked up on table with comands for Unix/Linux and MAC OS X and it turns out that it seems to be there. I am not a multi-os user, so I ask if anyone with experience in different OSes can tell me: If this command really exists and works If it has the same functionality (change directory) If there are any problems with its use If in any OS there is another command-line command that does the same in a better/more elaborate/more frequetly used way. Thanks in advance! (P.S.I am not 100% sure if this question belongs to this site or some other stackexchange site...) (P.P.S Any help in tagging this will be appreciated!)

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• How can I get command prompt to merge my files in name order?

  - by Anastasia

  I'm using the copy command in command prompt to merge all the files in a directory, for a number of directories. The problem is, I need to edit the first file in each directory before I merge. This means that when I put in the command "copy /b *.mp3 name.mp3", the joined file has part 2 at the start and part 1 at the end, presumably because it was created last. Is there a way of using the copy command so that the files merge in name order? Each folder has a different number of parts, anywhere from 2 to 1000 so I don't want to list each file with a "+" in between. Ideally, I'd like to find something to insert into the copy command I'm already using. Otherwise, is there a way of rearranging the files in a folder so that if you enter "DIR", part 1 shows up first even if it was edited last? I'm using Windows 7 by the way.

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• HP 2101nw wireless G USB print server in linux

  - by John

  I have a HP 2101nw wireless G USB print server and am trying to connect it to my linux (ubuntu) netbook. I understand that it is not supported by HPLIP however has anyone found a work around or know when it will be supported?

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• Failed to start X server. REDHAT LINUX 5.3

  - by chankey007

  I installed Red-hat 5.3 problem is that it is not showing graphical interface. only kernel / command prompt is available. I tried startx, then I got this msg No video BIOS modes for chosen depth also showing that ERROR: Failed to start X server. What should I do?

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• How to install ceph on EC2 Amazon Linux AMI

  - by takaomag

  I want to test Ceph (a distributed network storage and file system) on some EC2 hosts which is derived from Amazon Linux AMI (amzn-ami-2011.09.2.x86_64-ebs). The kernel version is 3.2 and btrfs is enabled. But kernel config options related to Ceph (CONFIG_CEPH_FS and CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RBD) seems to be disabled. I have to make a new kernel and register it to amazon ? Or, does someone know more easy way ?

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• Why isn´t linux using all the available memory

  - by Devator

  I have a linux VPS which has 256 MB of memory (free only finds 248 though). However it seems I still have 85 MB free, but it's swapping for 255 MB. Why is this? free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 248 245 3 0 41 40 -/+ buffers/cache: 163 85 Swap: 1971 255 1716

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• Unable to mount XP share using fs-cifs from Linux

  - by MetalSearGolid

  I have a head unit that runs Linux that is connected to my PC via an Ethernet cable. I have a Windows XP share on this PC that the head unit needs to be able to mount, however, when mounting using the following command, it fails. Here is the command that fails, along with the verbose output: # fs-cifs -vvvvvvvvv -l //CUMBRIA-XP:192.168.1.2:/hnet /mnt/net cifs[2158679-1]: starting... cifs[2158679-1]: user is to input both name & passwd. cifs[2158679-1]: server [192.168.1.2] share [hnet] prefix [/mnt/net] user [nu ll] passwd [null] Welcome: 192.168.1.2(:/hnet) -> /mnt/net Username:headunit cifs[2158679-1]: user name: headunit length 8 cifs[2158679-1]: new server Password: cifs[2158679-1]: establishing connection to (192.168.1.2)CUMBRIA-XP cifs[2158679-1]: session request: 192.168.1.2:CUMBRIA-XP -> localhost cifs[2158679-1]: negotiating smb dialect cifs[2158679-1]: skey(idx=2): 00000000, challenge:(8), 6137bfa2 f2d7803b cifs[2158679-1]: negotiation: success with dialect=2 cifs[2158679-1]: logging headunit on 192.168.1.2 cifs[2158679-1]: new packet cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 0 status= 0 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_logon successful: dialect 2 enpass 1 cifs[2158679-1]: mounting 192.168.1.2:/hnet cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 1 status= 13 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_mount: Bad file descriptor cifs[2158679-1]: try upper case share. cifs[2158679-1]: session request: 192.168.1.2:CUMBRIA-XP -> localhost cifs[2158679-1]: negotiating smb dialect cifs[2158679-1]: skey(idx=2): 00000000, challenge:(8), 2d3e910f e3e148c4 cifs[2158679-1]: negotiation: success with dialect=2 cifs[2158679-1]: logging headunit on 192.168.1.2 cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 2 status= 0 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_logon successful: dialect 2 enpass 1 cifs[2158679-1]: mounting 192.168.1.2:/HNET cifs[2158679-1]: returning: mid 3 status= 13 cifs[2158679-1]: smb_mount: Bad file descriptor cifs[2158679-1]: mount failed. cifs[2158679-1]: io_mount: smb_connection failed: Bad file descriptor io_mount: Bad file descriptor cifs[2158679-1]: user is to input both name & passwd. fs-cifs: missing arguments, or all mount attempts failed. run "use fs-cifs" or "fs-cifs -h" for help. Any ideas? It is worthy to note that /mnt does not exist on the filesystem, but I was told by the company who gave us these units that fs-cifs should automatically create the /mnt/net folders if they don't exist.

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• X11 from ssh on Mac OSX to Linux server doesn't work --- Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display

  - by Cal

  Hello, I installed a program wireshark on my remote linux box and I'm trying to run it with X11 from my mac computer using SSH. Here's my terminal... macosx$ echo $DISPLAY /tmp/launch-f4w6k6/:0 macosx$ ssh -X [email protected] [email protected]'s password: remoteubuntu:~# echo $DISPLAY remoteubuntu:~# wireshark (wireshark:18927): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: Here's a few lines from /etc/ssh/sshd_config X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no Thanks for the help!

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• Use hard disk image like a regular hard disk on Linux

  - by jobnoorman

  If you have a hard disk image (including partition table, multiple partitions,...), is it possible to let Linux treat it as a regular hard disk? By "regular hard disk" I mean I would like to have the image show up as, for instance, /dev/hdx and its partitions as /dev/hdx1,... (I know I can mount one of the partitions in the image using "mount -o loop,offset=x ..." but I don't really like this option.)

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• Copy files in Linux, avoid the copy if files do exist in destination

  - by user10826

  Hi, I need to copy a /home/user folder from one hardisk to another one. It has 100000 files and around 10G size. I use cp -r /origin /destination sometines I get some errors due to broken links, permissions and so on. So I fix the error, and need to start again the copy. I wonder how could I tell the command "cp", once it tries to copy again, not to copy files again if they exist in the destination folder. Thanks

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• Monitoring physical RAM errors on Linux

  - by user40157

  I would like to monitor the ram of two linux systems (Ubuntu and Red Hat). I realize I can run memtest86 from boot to diagnose bad ram. But are there are any solutions to monitor ram while the system is still running. I'm sort of thinking a daemon that writes and reads back from random unused memory. Anybody seen something like this before?

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