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• i have done code so please help

  - by davit-datuashvili

  public class bitap{ public static void main(String[]args){ String text="tbillisi"; String pattern="tbilxiri"; int k=2; int m=pattern.length(); long pattern_mask[]=new long[Character.MAX_VALUE+1]; String result=""; boolean[]R=new boolean[m+1]; long i,d; for (i=0;i<=k;i++){ R[i]=~1; } for (i=0;i if (0==(R[k]& (1< System.out.println(result); } } http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitap_algorithm from this site

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• Dynamically changing databases in SQL Server 2000

  - by spuppett

  At work we have a number of databases that we need to do the same operations on. I would like to write 1 SP that would loop over operations and set the database at the beginning of the loop (example to follow). I've tried sp_executesql('USE ' + @db_id) but that only sets the DB for the scope of that stored procedure. I don't really want to loop with hard coded database names because we need to do similar things in many different places and it's tough to remember where things need to change if we add another DB. Any thoughts Example: DECLARE zdb_loop CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR SELECT distinct db_id from DBS order by db_id OPEN zdb_loop FETCH NEXT FROM zdb_loop INTO @db_id WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN USE @db_id --Do stuff against 3 or 4 different DBs FETCH NEXT FROM zdb_loop INTO @db_id END CLOSE zdb_loop DEALLOCATE zdb_loop

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• Please explain how Trial Division works for Primality Test

  - by mister_dani

  I came across this algorithm for testing primality through trial division I fully understand this algorithm static boolean isPrime(int N) { if (N < 2) return false; for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(N); i++) if (N % i == 0) return false; return true; } It works just fine. But then I came across this other one which works just as good but I do not fully understand the logic behind it. static boolean isPrime(int N) { if (N < 2) return false; for (int i = 2; i * i<N; i++) if (N % i == 0) return false; return true; } It seems like i *i < N behaves like i <= Math.sqrt(N). If so, why?

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• Finding records within a 5 min time interval in SQL

  - by Mellonjollie

  I have a table with over 100,000 rows that contain the following columns: ID, Time, and Boolean. The time column tracks time down to the second. I need a query that will find all instances of Boolean = 1 for every 5 minute interval of time from the start of the table to the end, then group the count by time interval. The table represents 4 hours of data, so I should get 48 rows of results. I'm using MS SQL Server. I've tried a few approaches, but the time interval logic is giving me a hard time.

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• ActionScript Custom Class With Return Type?

  - by TheDarkIn1978

  i just know this is a dumb question, so excuse me in advance. i want to essentially classify a simple function in it's own .as file. the function compares integers. but i don't know how to call the class and receive a boolean return. here's my class package { public class CompareInts { public function CompareInts(small:int, big:int) { compare(small, big); } private function compare(small:int, big:int):Boolean { if (small < big) return true; else return false; } } } so now i'd like to write something like this: if (CompareInts(1, 5) == true). or output 'true' by writing trace(CompareInts(1, 5));

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• Android LVL: Could not bind to service

  - by josh

  Hello, I'm trying to run LVL on my app but I'm getting this error when debugging on my phone: ERROR/LicenseChecker(29924): Could not bind to service. I tried on emulator too and I'm getting the same error, so I decided investigate on LicenseChecker.java and I changed: boolean bindResult = mContext.bindService( new Intent(ILicensingService.class.getName()), this, // ServiceConnection. Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); to: boolean bindResult = mContext.bindService( new Intent("com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService"), this, // ServiceConnection. Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); but same problem occurs. I'm testing with SDK 8, any idea how to solve this problem? Thanks in advance

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• Minimizing distance to a weighted grid

  - by Andrew Tomazos - Fathomling

  Lets suppose you have a 1000x1000 grid of positive integer weights W. We want to find the cell that minimizes the average weighted distance.to each cell. The brute force way to do this would be to loop over each candidate cell and calculate the distance: int best_x, best_y, best_dist; for x0 = 1:1000, for y0 = 1:1000, int total_dist = 0; for x1 = 1:1000, for y1 = 1:1000, total_dist += W[x1,y1] * sqrt((x0-x1)^2 + (y0-y1)^2); if (total_dist < best_dist) best_x = x0; best_y = y0; best_dist = total_dist; This takes ~10^12 operations, which is too long. Is there a way to do this in or near ~10^8 or so operations?

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• How do I "valueOf" an enum given a class name?

  - by stevemac

  Lets say I have a simple Enum called Animal defined as: public enum Animal { CAT, DOG } and I have a method like: private static Object valueOf(String value, Class<?> classType) { if (classType == String.class) { return value; } if (classType == Integer.class) { return Integer.parseInt(value); } if (classType == Long.class) { return Long.parseLong(value); } if (classType == Boolean.class) { return Boolean.parseBoolean(value); } // Enum resolution here } What can I put inside this method to return an instance of my enum where the value is of the classType? I have looked at trying: if (classType == Enum.class) { return Enum.valueOf((Class<Enum>)classType, value); } But that doesn't work.

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• Returning string in java using 3 parameters

  - by user2905118

  Need to write a method describePerson() that takes 3 parameters, a String giving a person’s name, a boolean indicating their gender (true for female, false for male), and an integer giving their age. The method should return a String formatted as in the following examples: Lark is female. She is 2 years old. Or Jay is male. He is 1 year old. I am not sure how to write it correctly (my code): int describePerson(String name, boolean gender, int age) { String words=""; if(gender==true) return (name + "is "+gender+". "+"She is"+age+ "years old.); else return (name + "is "+gender+". "+"She is"+age+ "years old.); } The outcome "year" and "years" is also differs, but i don't know how to make it correct..

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• Multiple uses of "this" keyword in Java

  - by frodosamoa

  So, I have this. It compares two card decks and if they are the same the result is true. public boolean equals ( Object obj ) { boolean result = true; for (int i = 0; i < 52; i++) { if (this.cardAt(i) = this2.cardlist(i)) { result = true; } else { result = false; } } } I would like to be able to compare two random card decks, if you will. But I don't know how to compare two different ones using "this . I simply wrote "this2" to replace another instance of "this". What could I do to replace this "this2" to still be able to compare two card decks?

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• web service data type (contract)

  - by cyberguest

  hi, i have a general design question. we have a fairly big data model that represents an clinical object, the object itself has 200+ child attributes in the hierarchy. and we have a SetObject operation, and a GetObject operation. my question is, best practice wise, would it make sense to use that single data model in both operations or different data model for each? Because the Get operation will return much more details than what's needed for Set. an example of what i mean: the data model has say ProviderId, and ProviderName attributes, in the Get operation, both the ProviderId, and ProviderName would need to be returned. However, in the Set operation, only the ProviderId is needed, and ProviderName is ignored by the service since system has that information already. In this case, if the Get and Set operations use the same data model, the ProviderName is exposed even for Set operation, does that confuse the consuming developer?

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• Can SQLite file copied successfully on the data folder of an unrooted android device ?

  - by student

  I know that in order to access the data folder on the device, it needs to be rooted. However, if I just want to copy the database from my assets folder to the data folder on my device, will the copying process works on an unrooted phone? The following is my Database Helper class. From logcat, I can verify that the methods call to copyDataBase(), createDataBase() and openDataBase() are returned successfully. However, I got this error message android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException: no such table: TABLE_NAME: when my application is executing rawQuery. I'm suspecting the database file is not copied successfully (cannot be too sure as I do not have access to data folder), yet the method call to copyDatabase() are not throwing any exception. What could it be? Thanks. ps: My device is still unrooted, I hope it is not the main cause of the error. public DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, DB_NAME, null, 1); this.myContext = context; } public void createDataBase() throws IOException{ boolean dbExist = checkDataBase(); String s = new Boolean(dbExist).toString(); Log.d("dbExist", s ); if(dbExist){ //do nothing - database already exist Log.d("createdatabase","DB exists so do nothing"); }else{ this.getReadableDatabase(); try { copyDataBase(); Log.d("copydatabase","Successful return frm method call!"); } catch (IOException e) { throw new Error("Error copying database"); } } } private boolean checkDataBase(){ File dbFile = new File(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); return dbFile.exists(); } private void copyDataBase() throws IOException{ //Open your local db as the input stream InputStream myInput = null; myInput = myContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME); Log.d("copydatabase","InputStream successful!"); // Path to the just created empty db String outFileName = DB_PATH + DB_NAME; //Open the empty db as the output stream OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName); //transfer bytes from the inputfile to the outputfile byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length; while ((length = myInput.read(buffer))>0){ myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length); } //Close the streams myOutput.flush(); myOutput.close(); myInput.close(); } public void openDataBase() throws SQLException{ //Open the database String myPath = DB_PATH + DB_NAME; myDataBase = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(myPath, null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY); } /* @Override public synchronized void close() { if(myDataBase != null) myDataBase.close(); super.close(); }*/ public void close() { // NOTE: openHelper must now be a member of CallDataHelper; // you currently have it as a local in your constructor if (myDataBase != null) { myDataBase.close(); } } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { } }

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• How do I set the socket timeout in Ruby?

  - by Readonly

  How do you set the timeout for blocking operations on a Ruby socket?

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• Why does using set -e cause my script to fail when called in crontab

  - by SDGuero

  I have a bash script that performs several file operations. When any user runs this script, it executes successfully and outputs a few lines of text but when I try to cron it there are problems. It seems to run (I see an entry in cron log showing it was kicked off) but nothing happens, it doesn't output anything and doesn't do any of its file operations. It also doesn't appear in the running processes anywhere so it appears to be exiting out immediately. After some troubleshooting I found that removing "set -e" resolved the issue, it now runs from the system cron without a problem. So it works, but I'd rather have set -e enabled so the script exits if there is an error. Does anyone know why "set -e" is causing my script to exit? Thanks for the help, Ryan

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• How to work with images(png's) of size 2-4Mb.

  - by Sam

  I am working with images of size 2 to 4MB. I want to edit image of resolution 1200x1600. performing scaling, traslation and rotation operations. I want to another images on that and saving it to photo album. My app is crashing(giving memory warning) after i successfully edit one image and save to album. I have releasing some images when i get memory warning. But still it crashes as i am working with 2 images of size 3MB each and context of size 1200x1600 and getting a image from the context at the same time. Is there any way to compress images and work with it by performing scaling, traslation and rotation operations?

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• Will [WithEvents = Nothing] RemoveHandlers in the derived class?

  - by serhio

  I use to set WithEvents variables to Nothing in Destuctor, because this will "Remove" all the Handlers associated with Handles keyword. Will this have the same effect for derivated classes? Class A Protected WithEvents _Foo as Button Private Sub _Foo_Click Handles _Foo.Click ' ... some Click action ' End Sub Public Sub Dispose(disposing as Boolean) If disposing then _Foo = Nothing ' remove handler _Foo_Click ' End Sub End Class Class B Inherits A Private Sub _Foo_Move Handles _Foo.Move ' ... some Move action ' End Sub ' ????? will or NOT remove OR handler _Foo_Move the base Dispose??' Public Overrides Sub Dispose(disposing as Boolean) 'If disposing then _Foo = Nothing ' MyBase.Dispose(disposing) End Sub End Class

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• To get information about the App just installed

  - by Prakhs

  Hi Folks, My Requirement is to manage the applications operations(install, update, remove) happens in any android device in the cloud. I could get the list all installed app in my deice through PackageManager Class. Also i am able to notified whenever any operations takes place in my device through intents filters like 'ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED' through BroadCastRecievers. But i am unable get the app information (like name and others stuff) whenever any app installed and updates. I could get only notifications like installation.. update..removal.. not the details abut the app has been installed..updated. Please help me out in regarding this. Thanks in advance. Regards Prakhs

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• Sharepoint AD imported users are becomming sporadically corrupted, causing us to have to create a new account

  - by TrevJen

  Sharepoint 2007 MOSS with AD imported users. All servers are 2008. ***UPDATE More details in testing. This Sharepoint is in an AD Child domain (clients.mycompany.local), which is sub to the root of the AD tree (mycompany.local). The user is in the parent tree (as are half of the other functional users. I have elevated the user rights to Domain. In looking at the logs, it seems that the Sharepoint server is trying to authenticate them by querying the DC for the clients domain (which is the way it normally works and still works for all existing identically configured users). I think if I could force it to authenticate up to the top domain DC then it would be ok?? I have around 50 users, over the past 2 months, I have had a handful of the users suddenly unable to login to Sharepoint. When they login, they either get a blank screen or they are repropmted. These users are using accounts that have been used for many months, sometimes the problem originates with a password change. In all cases, the users account works on every other Active Directory authenticated resource (domain, exchange, LDAP). In the most recent case, last night I was forced deleted a user ("John smith") because of corruption. The orifinal account name was jsmith. I deleted him from active directory, then deleted him from the profile list in Sharepoint Shared Services. I could not find a way to delete him from the Sharepoint user list, but I reran the import after recreating his account (renamed it too just to be sure to "smithj"). At first, this did not wor, the user could still access all other resources but Sharepoint. then, some 30 minutes later it inexplicably started working. This morning, the user changed passwords, which immediatly broke the login on Sharepoint again. Logs by request from matt b Office SharePoint Server Date: 4/13/2010 2:00:00 PM Event ID: 7888 Task Category: Office Server General Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: nb-portal-01.clients.netboundary.local Description: A runtime exception was detected. Details follow. Message: Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) – TrevJen 19 hours ago Techinal Details: System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPGlobal.HandleUnauthorizedAccessException(UnauthorizedAccessException ex) at Microsoft.SharePoint.Library.SPRequest.UpdateField(String bstrUrl, String bstrListName, String bstrXML) at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPField.UpdateCore(Boolean bToggleSealed) – TrevJen 19 hours ago at Microsoft.SharePoint.SPField.Update() at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.UserSynchronizer.PushSchemaToList(Boolean& bAddedColumn) at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.UserSynchronizer.SynchFull() at Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.SiteSynchronizer.Synch() at Microsoft.Office.Server.Diagnostics.FirstChanceHandler.ExceptionFilter(Boolean fRethrowException, TryBlock tryBlock, FilterBlock filter, CatchBlock catchBlock, FinallyBlock finallyBlock) – TrevJen 19 hours ago Log Name: Application Source: Office SharePoint Server Date: 4/13/2010 2:00:00 PM Event ID: 5553 Task Category: User Profiles Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: nb-portal-01.clients.netboundary.local Description: failure trying to synch site 6fea15e2-0899-4c19-9016-44d77834c018 for ContentDB b2002b0b-3d4c-411a-8c4f-3d047ca9322c WebApp 3aff7051-455d-4a70-a377-5b1c36df618e. Exception message was Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)). – TrevJen 18 hours ago

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• Attempting Unauthorized operation - SQL 2008 R2 install

  - by Fred L

  I've been banging against this for a few days. Keep getting this unauthorized error when trying to install SQL 2008 R2 on a Windows 7 machine. I've changed permissions on the key, does not fix... Created an admin user, gave specific permissions on that key, does not fix... Disabled all firewalls, installed from a local admin, does not fix... I'm out of patience and ideas! :) Help? 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to set value AppName 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: SetValue: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VSTAHostConfig\SSIS_ScriptComponent\2.0, Name = AppName 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to create base registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, machine 2012-07-06 13:09:11 SSIS: Processing Registry ACLs for SID 'S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074' 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to open registry subkey SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100 2012-07-06 13:09:11 SSIS: Setting permision on registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100. 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to set security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Prompting user if they want to retry this action due to the following failure: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: The following is an exception stack listing the exceptions in outermost to innermost order 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Inner exceptions are being indented 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Exception type: Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.ScoException 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Message: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Attempted to perform an unauthorized operation. 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Data: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: WatsonData = 100 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: DisableRetry = true 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Inner exception type: System.UnauthorizedAccessException 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Message: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Attempted to perform an unauthorized operation. 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Stack: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at System.Security.AccessControl.Win32.GetSecurityInfo(ResourceType resourceType, String name, SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections accessControlSections, RawSecurityDescriptor& resultSd) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at System.Security.AccessControl.NativeObjectSecurity.CreateInternal(ResourceType resourceType, Boolean isContainer, String name, SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections, Boolean createByName, ExceptionFromErrorCode exceptionFromErrorCode, Object exceptionContext) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.SqlRegistrySecurity..ctor(ResourceType resourceType, SafeRegistryHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.SqlRegistrySecurity.Create(InternalRegistryKey key) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.InternalRegistryKey.GetAccessControl() 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.InternalRegistryKey.SetSecurityDescriptor(String sddl, Boolean overwrite) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: User has chosen to retry this action 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Prompting user if they want to retry this action due to the following failure: 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ----------------------------------------

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• Print directly to CUPS server from non-local clients (Ubuntu 14.04)

  - by OEP

  I set up a CUPS server with a few queues and printing from local clients (the CUPS test page and Samba) seems to work just fine. It seems like the CUPS server is denying non-local clients though: 130.127.48.70 - - [03/Jun/2014:14:29:19 -0400] "POST /printers/m137 HTTP/1.1" 200 390 Validate-Job successful-ok 130.127.48.70 - - [03/Jun/2014:14:29:19 -0400] "POST /printers/m137 HTTP/1.1" 200 339 Create-Job client-error-not-authorized localhost - - [03/Jun/2014:14:40:50 -0400] "POST /printers/m137 HTTP/1.1" 200 410869 Print-Job successful-ok This makes me think I have some sort of host-based restriction in my configuration file, but I can't find it. I've even set my default policy to Allow all only to get the same log message. I'm working from a configuration file which had previously worked on an older version of CUPS, which looks quite similar to the example cupsd.conf. I could be wrong but it looks like that final <Limit All> block ought to allow the actions the logs complain about. MaxLogSize 2000000000 # Log general information in error_log - change "info" to "debug" for # troubleshooting... LogLevel info #AccessLog syslog #ErrorLog syslog #PageLog syslog # Administrator user group... SystemGroup sys root lp # Only listen for connections from the local machine. Listen 0.0.0.0:631 Listen :::631 Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock ServerName <snipped> # Show shared printers on the local network. Browsing Off BrowseOrder allow,deny # (Change '@LOCAL' to 'ALL' if using directed broadcasts from another subnet.) BrowseAllow @LOCAL # Default authentication type, when authentication is required... DefaultAuthType Basic # Restrict access to the server... <Location /> Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> # Restrict access to the admin pages... <Location /admin> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Encryption Required Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> # Restrict access to configuration files... <Location /admin/conf> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Encryption Required Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> # Set the default printer/job policies... <Policy default> # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an administrator... <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job CUPS-Move-Job> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> # All administration operations require an administrator to authenticate... <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> # All printer operations require a printer operator to authenticate... <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or authenticate a job... <Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order allow,deny </Limit> </Policy>

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• Parallelism in .NET – Part 18, Task Continuations with Multiple Tasks

  - by Reed

  In my introduction to Task continuations I demonstrated how the Task class provides a more expressive alternative to traditional callbacks.  Task continuations provide a much cleaner syntax to traditional callbacks, but there are other reasons to switch to using continuations… Task continuations provide a clean syntax, and a very simple, elegant means of synchronizing asynchronous method results with the user interface.  In addition, continuations provide a very simple, elegant means of working with collections of tasks. Prior to .NET 4, working with multiple related asynchronous method calls was very tricky.  If, for example, we wanted to run two asynchronous operations, followed by a single method call which we wanted to run when the first two methods completed, we’d have to program all of the handling ourselves.  We would likely need to take some approach such as using a shared callback which synchronized against a common variable, or using a WaitHandle shared within the callbacks to allow one to wait for the second.  Although this could be accomplished easily enough, it requires manually placing this handling into every algorithm which requires this form of blocking.  This is error prone, difficult, and can easily lead to subtle bugs. Similar to how the Task class static methods providing a way to block until multiple tasks have completed, TaskFactory contains static methods which allow a continuation to be scheduled upon the completion of multiple tasks: TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll. This allows you to easily specify a single delegate to run when a collection of tasks has completed.  For example, suppose we have a class which fetches data from the network.  This can be a long running operation, and potentially fail in certain situations, such as a server being down.  As a result, we have three separate servers which we will “query” for our information.  Now, suppose we want to grab data from all three servers, and verify that the results are the same from all three. With traditional asynchronous programming in .NET, this would require using three separate callbacks, and managing the synchronization between the various operations ourselves.  The Task and TaskFactory classes simplify this for us, allowing us to write: var server1 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(firstServer) ); var server2 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(secondServer) ); var server3 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(thirdServer) ); var result = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll( new[] {server1, server2, server3 }, (tasks) => { // Propogate exceptions (see below) Task.WaitAll(tasks); return this.CompareTaskResults( tasks[0].Result, tasks[1].Result, tasks[2].Result); }); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } This is clean, simple, and elegant.  The one complication is the Task.WaitAll(tasks); statement. Although the continuation will not complete until all three tasks (server1, server2, and server3) have completed, there is a potential snag.  If the networkClass.GetResults method fails, and raises an exception, we want to make sure to handle it cleanly.  By using Task.WaitAll, any exceptions raised within any of our original tasks will get wrapped into a single AggregateException by the WaitAll method, providing us a simplified means of handling the exceptions.  If we wait on the continuation, we can trap this AggregateException, and handle it cleanly.  Without this line, it’s possible that an exception could remain uncaught and unhandled by a task, which later might trigger a nasty UnobservedTaskException.  This would happen any time two of our original tasks failed. Just as we can schedule a continuation to occur when an entire collection of tasks has completed, we can just as easily setup a continuation to run when any single task within a collection completes.  If, for example, we didn’t need to compare the results of all three network locations, but only use one, we could still schedule three tasks.  We could then have our completion logic work on the first task which completed, and ignore the others.  This is done via TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAny: var server1 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(firstServer) ); var server2 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(secondServer) ); var server3 = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => networkClass.GetResults(thirdServer) ); var result = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAny( new[] {server1, server2, server3 }, (firstTask) => { return this.ProcessTaskResult(firstTask.Result); }); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here, instead of working with all three tasks, we’re just using the first task which finishes.  This is very useful, as it allows us to easily work with results of multiple operations, and “throw away” the others.  However, you must take care when using ContinueWhenAny to properly handle exceptions.  At some point, you should always wait on each task (or use the Task.Result property) in order to propogate any exceptions raised from within the task.  Failing to do so can lead to an UnobservedTaskException.

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• Parallelism in .NET – Part 6, Declarative Data Parallelism

  - by Reed

  When working with a problem that can be decomposed by data, we have a collection, and some operation being performed upon the collection.  I’ve demonstrated how this can be parallelized using the Task Parallel Library and imperative programming using imperative data parallelism via the Parallel class.  While this provides a huge step forward in terms of power and capabilities, in many cases, special care must still be given for relative common scenarios. C# 3.0 and Visual Basic 9.0 introduced a new, declarative programming model to .NET via the LINQ Project.  When working with collections, we can now write software that describes what we want to occur without having to explicitly state how the program should accomplish the task.  By taking advantage of LINQ, many operations become much shorter, more elegant, and easier to understand and maintain.  Version 4.0 of the .NET framework extends this concept into the parallel computation space by introducing Parallel LINQ. Before we delve into PLINQ, let’s begin with a short discussion of LINQ.  LINQ, the extensions to the .NET Framework which implement language integrated query, set, and transform operations, is implemented in many flavors.  For our purposes, we are interested in LINQ to Objects.  When dealing with parallelizing a routine, we typically are dealing with in-memory data storage.  More data-access oriented LINQ variants, such as LINQ to SQL and LINQ to Entities in the Entity Framework fall outside of our concern, since the parallelism there is the concern of the data base engine processing the query itself. LINQ (LINQ to Objects in particular) works by implementing a series of extension methods, most of which work on IEnumerable<T>.  The language enhancements use these extension methods to create a very concise, readable alternative to using traditional foreach statement.  For example, let’s revisit our minimum aggregation routine we wrote in Part 4: double min = double.MaxValue; foreach(var item in collection) { double value = item.PerformComputation(); min = System.Math.Min(min, value); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here, we’re doing a very simple computation, but writing this in an imperative style.  This can be loosely translated to English as: Create a very large number, and save it in min Loop through each item in the collection. For every item: Perform some computation, and save the result If the computation is less than min, set min to the computation Although this is fairly easy to follow, it’s quite a few lines of code, and it requires us to read through the code, step by step, line by line, in order to understand the intention of the developer. We can rework this same statement, using LINQ: double min = collection.Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); Here, we’re after the same information.  However, this is written using a declarative programming style.  When we see this code, we’d naturally translate this to English as: Save the Min value of collection, determined via calling item.PerformComputation() That’s it – instead of multiple logical steps, we have one single, declarative request.  This makes the developer’s intentions very clear, and very easy to follow.  The system is free to implement this using whatever method required. Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) extends LINQ to Objects to support parallel operations.  This is a perfect fit in many cases when you have a problem that can be decomposed by data.  To show this, let’s again refer to our minimum aggregation routine from Part 4, but this time, let’s review our final, parallelized version: // Safe, and fast! double min = double.MaxValue; // Make a "lock" object object syncObject = new object(); Parallel.ForEach( collection, // First, we provide a local state initialization delegate. () => double.MaxValue, // Next, we supply the body, which takes the original item, loop state, // and local state, and returns a new local state (item, loopState, localState) => { double value = item.PerformComputation(); return System.Math.Min(localState, value); }, // Finally, we provide an Action<TLocal>, to "merge" results together localState => { // This requires locking, but it's only once per used thread lock(syncObj) min = System.Math.Min(min, localState); } ); Here, we’re doing the same computation as above, but fully parallelized.  Describing this in English becomes quite a feat: Create a very large number, and save it in min Create a temporary object we can use for locking Call Parallel.ForEach, specifying three delegates For the first delegate: Initialize a local variable to hold the local state to a very large number For the second delegate: For each item in the collection, perform some computation, save the result If the result is less than our local state, save the result in local state For the final delegate: Take a lock on our temporary object to protect our min variable Save the min of our min and local state variables Although this solves our problem, and does it in a very efficient way, we’ve created a set of code that is quite a bit more difficult to understand and maintain. PLINQ provides us with a very nice alternative.  In order to use PLINQ, we need to learn one new extension method that works on IEnumerable<T> – ParallelEnumerable.AsParallel(). That’s all we need to learn in order to use PLINQ: one single method.  We can write our minimum aggregation in PLINQ very simply: double min = collection.AsParallel().Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); By simply adding “.AsParallel()” to our LINQ to Objects query, we converted this to using PLINQ and running this computation in parallel!  This can be loosely translated into English easily, as well: Process the collection in parallel Get the Minimum value, determined by calling PerformComputation on each item Here, our intention is very clear and easy to understand.  We just want to perform the same operation we did in serial, but run it “as parallel”.  PLINQ completely extends LINQ to Objects: the entire functionality of LINQ to Objects is available.  By simply adding a call to AsParallel(), we can specify that a collection should be processed in parallel.  This is simple, safe, and incredibly useful.

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• Database users in the Oracle Utilities Application Framework

  - by Anthony Shorten

  I mentioned the product database users fleetingly in the last blog post and they deserve a better mention. This applies to all versions of the Oracle Utilities Application Framework. The Oracle Utilities Application Framework uses up to three users initially as part of the base operations of the product. The type of database supported (the framework supports Oracle, IBM DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server) dictates the number of users used and their permissions. For publishing brevity I will outline what is available for the Oracle database and, in summary, mention where it differs for the other database supported. For Oracle database customers we ship three distinct database users: Administration User (SPLADM or CISADM by default) - This is the database user that actually owns the schema. This user is not used by the product to do any DML (Data Manipulation Language) SQL other than that is necessary for maintenance of the database. This database user performs all the DCL (Data Control Language) and DDL (Data Definition Language) against the database. It is typically reserved for Database Administration use only. Product Read Write User (SPLUSER or CISUSER by default) - This is the database user used by the product itself to execute DML (Data Manipulation Language) statements against the schema owned by the Administration user. This user has the appropriate read and write permission to objects within the schema owned by the Administration user. For databases such as DB2 and SQL Server we may not create this user but use other DCL (Data Control Language) statements and facilities to simulate this user. Product Read User (SPLREAD or CISREAD by default) - This is the database that has read only permission to the schema owned by the Administration user. It is used for reporting or any part of the product or interface that requires read permissions to the database (for example, products that have ConfigLab and Archiving use this user for remote access). For databases such as DB2 and SQL Server we may not create this user but use other DCL (Data Control Language) statements and facilities to simulate this user. You may notice the words by default in the list above. The values supplied with the installer are the default and can be changed to what the site standard or implementation wants to use (as long as they conform to the standards supported by the underlying database). You can even create multiples of each within the same database and pointing to same schema. To manage the permissions for the users, there is a utility provided with the installation (oragensec (Oracle), db2gensec (DB2) or msqlgensec (SQL Server)) that generates the security definitions for the above users. That can be executed a number of times for each schema to give users appropriate permissions. For example, it is possible to define more than one read/write User to access the database. This is a common technique used by implementations to have a different user per access mode (to separate online and batch). In fact you can also allocate additional security (such as resource profiles in Oracle) to limit the impact of specific users at the database. To facilitate users and permissions, in Oracle for example, we create a CISREAD role (read only role) and a CISUSER role (read write role) that can be allocated to the appropriate database user. When the security permissions utility, oragensec in this case, is executed it uses the role to determine the permissions. To give you a case study, my underpowered laptop has multiple installations on it of multiple products but I have one database. I create a different schema for each product and each version (with my own naming convention to help me manage the databases). I create individual users on each schema and run oragensec to maintain the permissions for each appropriately. It works fine as long I have setup the userids appropriately. This means: Creating the users with the appropriate roles. I use the common CISUSER and CISREAD role across versions and across Oracle Utilities Application Framework products. Just remember to associate the CISUSER role with the database user you want to use for read/write operations and the CISREAD role with the user you wish to use for the read only operations. The role is treated as a tag to indicate the oragensec utility which appropriate permissions to assign to the user. The utilities for the other database types essentially do the same, obviously using the technology available within those databases. Run oragensec against the read write user and read only user against the appropriate administration user (I will abbreviate the user to ADM user). This ensures the right permissions are allocated to the right users for the right products. To help me there, I use the same prefix on the user name for the same product. For example, my Oracle Utilities Application Framework V4 environment has the administration user set to FW4ADM and the associated FW4USER and FW4READ as the users for the product to use. For my MWM environment I used MWMADM for the administration user and MWMUSER and MWMREAD for my associated users. You get the picture. When I run oragensec (once for each ADM user), I know what other users to associate with it. Remember to rerun oragensec against the users if I run upgrades, service packs or database based single fixes. This assures that the users are in synchronization with the ADM user. As a side note, for those who do not understand the difference between DML, DCL and DDL: DDL (Data Definition Language) - These are SQL statements that define the database schema and the structures within. SQL Statements such as CREATE and DROP are examples of DDL SQL statements. DCL (Data Control Language) - These are the SQL statements that define the database level permissions to DDL maintained objects within the database. SQL Statements such as GRANT and REVOKE are examples of DCL SQL statements. DML (Database Manipulation Language) - These are SQL statements that alter the data within the tables. SQL Statements such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE are examples of DML SQL statements. Hope this has clarified the database user support. Remember in Oracle Utilities Application Framework V4 we enhanced this by also supporting CLIENT_IDENTIFIER to allow the database to still use the administration user for the main processing but make the database session more traceable.

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• Intellitrace bug causes &ldquo;Operation could destabilize the runtime&rdquo; exception

  - by Magnus Karlsson

  We cant use it when we use simplemembership to handle external authorizations.   Server Error in '/' Application. Operation could destabilize the runtime. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Security.VerificationException: Operation could destabilize the runtime. Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [VerificationException: Operation could destabilize the runtime.] DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.Messages.IndirectSignedResponse.GetSignedMessageParts(Channel channel) +943 DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.ChannelElements.ExtensionsBindingElement.GetExtensionsDictionary(IProtocolMessage message, Boolean ignoreUnsigned) +282 DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.ChannelElements.<GetExtensions>d__a.MoveNext() +279 DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.ChannelElements.ExtensionsBindingElement.ProcessIncomingMessage(IProtocolMessage message) +594 DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.Channel.ProcessIncomingMessage(IProtocolMessage message) +933 DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.ChannelElements.OpenIdChannel.ProcessIncomingMessage(IProtocolMessage message) +326 DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.Channel.ReadFromRequest(HttpRequestBase httpRequest) +1343 DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.RelyingParty.OpenIdRelyingParty.GetResponse(HttpRequestBase httpRequestInfo) +241 DotNetOpenAuth.OpenId.RelyingParty.OpenIdRelyingParty.GetResponse() +361 DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet.Clients.OpenIdClient.VerifyAuthentication(HttpContextBase context) +136 DotNetOpenAuth.AspNet.OpenAuthSecurityManager.VerifyAuthentication(String returnUrl) +984 Microsoft.Web.WebPages.OAuth.OAuthWebSecurity.VerifyAuthenticationCore(HttpContextBase context, String returnUrl) +333 Microsoft.Web.WebPages.OAuth.OAuthWebSecurity.VerifyAuthentication(String returnUrl) +192 PrioMvcWebRole.Controllers.AccountController.ExternalLoginCallback(String returnUrl) in c:hiddenforyou lambda_method(Closure , ControllerBase , Object[] ) +127 System.Web.Mvc.ReflectedActionDescriptor.Execute(ControllerContext controllerContext, IDictionary`2 parameters) +250 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary`2 parameters) +39 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass39.<BeginInvokeActionMethodWithFilters>b__33() +87 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass4f.<InvokeActionMethodFilterAsynchronously>b__49() +439 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass4f.<InvokeActionMethodFilterAsynchronously>b__49() +439 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass37.<BeginInvokeActionMethodWithFilters>b__36(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +15 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass2a.<BeginInvokeAction>b__20() +34 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass25.<BeginInvokeAction>b__22(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +221 System.Web.Mvc.<>c__DisplayClass1d.<BeginExecuteCore>b__18(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +28 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass4.<MakeVoidDelegate>b__3(IAsyncResult ar) +15 System.Web.Mvc.Controller.EndExecuteCore(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +42 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass4.<MakeVoidDelegate>b__3(IAsyncResult ar) +15 System.Web.Mvc.<>c__DisplayClass8.<BeginProcessRequest>b__3(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +42 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass4.<MakeVoidDelegate>b__3(IAsyncResult ar) +15 System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +523 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +176 Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:4.0.30319; ASP.NET Version:4.0.30319.17929

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• Windows Azure: Backup Services Release, Hyper-V Recovery Manager, VM Enhancements, Enhanced Enterprise Management Support

  - by ScottGu

  This morning we released a huge set of updates to Windows Azure.  These new capabilities include: Backup Services: General Availability of Windows Azure Backup Services Hyper-V Recovery Manager: Public preview of Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager Virtual Machines: Delete Attached Disks, Availability Set Warnings, SQL AlwaysOn Configuration Active Directory: Securely manage hundreds of SaaS applications Enterprise Management: Use Active Directory to Better Manage Windows Azure Windows Azure SDK 2.2: A massive update of our SDK + Visual Studio tooling support All of these improvements are now available to use immediately.  Below are more details about them. Backup Service: General Availability Release of Windows Azure Backup Today we are releasing Windows Azure Backup Service as a general availability service.  This release is now live in production, backed by an enterprise SLA, supported by Microsoft Support, and is ready to use for production scenarios. Windows Azure Backup is a cloud based backup solution for Windows Server which allows files and folders to be backed up and recovered from the cloud, and provides off-site protection against data loss. The service provides IT administrators and developers with the option to back up and protect critical data in an easily recoverable way from any location with no upfront hardware cost. Windows Azure Backup is built on the Windows Azure platform and uses Windows Azure blob storage for storing customer data. Windows Server uses the downloadable Windows Azure Backup Agent to transfer file and folder data securely and efficiently to the Windows Azure Backup Service. Along with providing cloud backup for Windows Server, Windows Azure Backup Service also provides capability to backup data from System Center Data Protection Manager and Windows Server Essentials, to the cloud. All data is encrypted onsite before it is sent to the cloud, and customers retain and manage the encryption key (meaning the data is stored entirely secured and can’t be decrypted by anyone but yourself). Getting Started To get started with the Windows Azure Backup Service, create a new Backup Vault within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Click New->Data Services->Recovery Services->Backup Vault to do this: Once the backup vault is created you’ll be presented with a simple tutorial that will help guide you on how to register your Windows Servers with it: Once the servers you want to backup are registered, you can use the appropriate local management interface (such as the Microsoft Management Console snap-in, System Center Data Protection Manager Console, or Windows Server Essentials Dashboard) to configure the scheduled backups and to optionally initiate recoveries. You can follow these tutorials to learn more about how to do this: Tutorial: Schedule Backups Using the Windows Azure Backup Agent This tutorial helps you with setting up a backup schedule for your registered Windows Servers. Additionally, it also explains how to use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to set up a custom backup schedule. Tutorial: Recover Files and Folders Using the Windows Azure Backup Agent This tutorial helps you with recovering data from a backup. Additionally, it also explains how to use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to do the same tasks. Below are some of the key benefits the Windows Azure Backup Service provides: Simple configuration and management. Windows Azure Backup Service integrates with the familiar Windows Server Backup utility in Windows Server, the Data Protection Manager component in System Center and Windows Server Essentials, in order to provide a seamless backup and recovery experience to a local disk, or to the cloud. Block level incremental backups. The Windows Azure Backup Agent performs incremental backups by tracking file and block level changes and only transferring the changed blocks, hence reducing the storage and bandwidth utilization. Different point-in-time versions of the backups use storage efficiently by only storing the changes blocks between these versions. Data compression, encryption and throttling. The Windows Azure Backup Agent ensures that data is compressed and encrypted on the server before being sent to the Windows Azure Backup Service over the network. As a result, the Windows Azure Backup Service only stores encrypted data in the cloud storage. The encryption key is not available to the Windows Azure Backup Service, and as a result the data is never decrypted in the service. Also, users can setup throttling and configure how the Windows Azure Backup service utilizes the network bandwidth when backing up or restoring information. Data integrity is verified in the cloud. In addition to the secure backups, the backed up data is also automatically checked for integrity once the backup is done. As a result, any corruptions which may arise due to data transfer can be easily identified and are fixed automatically. Configurable retention policies for storing data in the cloud. The Windows Azure Backup Service accepts and implements retention policies to recycle backups that exceed the desired retention range, thereby meeting business policies and managing backup costs. Hyper-V Recovery Manager: Now Available in Public Preview I’m excited to also announce the public preview of a new Windows Azure Service – the Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager (HRM). Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager helps protect your business critical services by coordinating the replication and recovery of System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 SP1 and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 R2 private clouds at a secondary location. With automated protection, asynchronous ongoing replication, and orderly recovery, the Hyper-V Recovery Manager service can help you implement Disaster Recovery and restore important services accurately, consistently, and with minimal downtime. Application data in an Hyper-V Recovery Manager scenarios always travels on your on-premise replication channel. Only metadata (such as names of logical clouds, virtual machines, networks etc.) that is needed for orchestration is sent to Azure. All traffic sent to/from Azure is encrypted. You can begin using Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery today by clicking New->Data Services->Recovery Services->Hyper-V Recovery Manager within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  You can read more about Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager in Brad Anderson’s 9-part series, Transform the datacenter. To learn more about setting up Hyper-V Recovery Manager follow our detailed step-by-step guide. Virtual Machines: Delete Attached Disks, Availability Set Warnings, SQL AlwaysOn Today’s Windows Azure release includes a number of nice updates to Windows Azure Virtual Machines.  These improvements include: Ability to Delete both VM Instances + Attached Disks in One Operation Prior to today’s release, when you deleted VMs within Windows Azure we would delete the VM instance – but not delete the drives attached to the VM.  You had to manually delete these yourself from the storage account.  With today’s update we’ve added a convenience option that now allows you to either retain or delete the attached disks when you delete the VM:   We’ve also added the ability to delete a cloud service, its deployments, and its role instances with a single action. This can either be a cloud service that has production and staging deployments with web and worker roles, or a cloud service that contains virtual machines.  To do this, simply select the Cloud Service within the Windows Azure Management Portal and click the “Delete” button: Warnings on Availability Sets with Only One Virtual Machine In Them One of the nice features that Windows Azure Virtual Machines supports is the concept of “Availability Sets”.  An “availability set” allows you to define a tier/role (e.g. webfrontends, databaseservers, etc) that you can map Virtual Machines into – and when you do this Windows Azure separates them across fault domains and ensures that at least one of them is always available during servicing operations.  This enables you to deploy applications in a high availability way. One issue we’ve seen some customers run into is where they define an availability set, but then forget to map more than one VM into it (which defeats the purpose of having an availability set).  With today’s release we now display a warning in the Windows Azure Management Portal if you have only one virtual machine deployed in an availability set to help highlight this: You can learn more about configuring the availability of your virtual machines here. Configuring SQL Server Always On SQL Server Always On is a great feature that you can use with Windows Azure to enable high availability and DR scenarios with SQL Server. Today’s Windows Azure release makes it even easier to configure SQL Server Always On by enabling “Direct Server Return” endpoints to be configured and managed within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Previously, setting this up required using PowerShell to complete the endpoint configuration.  Starting today you can enable this simply by checking the “Direct Server Return” checkbox: You can learn more about how to use direct server return for SQL Server AlwaysOn availability groups here. Active Directory: Application Access Enhancements This summer we released our initial preview of our Application Access Enhancements for Windows Azure Active Directory.  This service enables you to securely implement single-sign-on (SSO) support against SaaS applications (including Office 365, SalesForce, Workday, Box, Google Apps, GitHub, etc) as well as LOB based applications (including ones built with the new Windows Azure AD support we shipped last week with ASP.NET and VS 2013). Since the initial preview we’ve enhanced our SAML federation capabilities, integrated our new password vaulting system, and shipped multi-factor authentication support. We've also turned on our outbound identity provisioning system and have it working with hundreds of additional SaaS Applications: Earlier this month we published an update on dates and pricing for when the service will be released in general availability form.  In this blog post we announced our intention to release the service in general availability form by the end of the year.  We also announced that the below features would be available in a free tier with it: SSO to every SaaS app we integrate with – Users can Single Sign On to any app we are integrated with at no charge. This includes all the top SAAS Apps and every app in our application gallery whether they use federation or password vaulting. Application access assignment and removal – IT Admins can assign access privileges to web applications to the users in their active directory assuring that every employee has access to the SAAS Apps they need. And when a user leaves the company or changes jobs, the admin can just as easily remove their access privileges assuring data security and minimizing IP loss User provisioning (and de-provisioning) – IT admins will be able to automatically provision users in 3rd party SaaS applications like Box, Salesforce.com, GoToMeeting, DropBox and others. We are working with key partners in the ecosystem to establish these connections, meaning you no longer have to continually update user records in multiple systems. Security and auditing reports – Security is a key priority for us. With the free version of these enhancements you'll get access to our standard set of access reports giving you visibility into which users are using which applications, when they were using them and where they are using them from. In addition, we'll alert you to un-usual usage patterns for instance when a user logs in from multiple locations at the same time. Our Application Access Panel – Users are logging in from every type of devices including Windows, iOS, & Android. Not all of these devices handle authentication in the same manner but the user doesn't care. They need to access their apps from the devices they love. Our Application Access Panel will support the ability for users to access access and launch their apps from any device and anywhere. You can learn more about our plans for application management with Windows Azure Active Directory here.  Try out the preview and start using it today. Enterprise Management: Use Active Directory to Better Manage Windows Azure Windows Azure Active Directory provides the ability to manage your organization in a directory which is hosted entirely in the cloud, or alternatively kept in sync with an on-premises Windows Server Active Directory solution (allowing you to seamlessly integrate with the directory you already have).  With today’s Windows Azure release we are integrating Windows Azure Active Directory even more within the core Windows Azure management experience, and enabling an even richer enterprise security offering.  Specifically: 1) All Windows Azure accounts now have a default Windows Azure Active Directory created for them.  You can create and map any users you want into this directory, and grant administrative rights to manage resources in Windows Azure to these users. 2) You can keep this directory entirely hosted in the cloud – or optionally sync it with your on-premises Windows Server Active Directory.  Both options are free.  The later approach is ideal for companies that wish to use their corporate user identities to sign-in and manage Windows Azure resources.  It also ensures that if an employee leaves an organization, his or her access control rights to the company’s Windows Azure resources are immediately revoked. 3) The Windows Azure Service Management APIs have been updated to support using Windows Azure Active Directory credentials to sign-in and perform management operations.  Prior to today’s release customers had to download and use management certificates (which were not scoped to individual users) to perform management operations.  We still support this management certificate approach (don’t worry – nothing will stop working).  But we think the new Windows Azure Active Directory authentication support enables an even easier and more secure way for customers to manage resources going forward.  4) The Windows Azure SDK 2.2 release (which is also shipping today) includes built-in support for the new Service Management APIs that authenticate with Windows Azure Active Directory, and now allow you to create and manage Windows Azure applications and resources directly within Visual Studio using your Active Directory credentials.  This, combined with updated PowerShell scripts that also support Active Directory, enables an end-to-end enterprise authentication story with Windows Azure. Below are some details on how all of this works: Subscriptions within a Directory As part of today’s update, we have associated all existing Window Azure accounts with a Windows Azure Active Directory (and created one for you if you don’t already have one). When you login to the Windows Azure Management Portal you’ll now see the directory name in the URI of the browser.  For example, in the screen-shot below you can see that I have a “scottgu” directory that my subscriptions are hosted within: Note that you can continue to use Microsoft Accounts (formerly known as Microsoft Live IDs) to sign-into Windows Azure.  These map just fine to a Windows Azure Active Directory – so there is no need to create new usernames that are specific to a directory if you don’t want to.  In the scenario above I’m actually logged in using my @hotmail.com based Microsoft ID which is now mapped to a “scottgu” active directory that was created for me.  By default everything will continue to work just like you used to before. Manage your Directory You can manage an Active Directory (including the one we now create for you by default) by clicking the “Active Directory” tab in the left-hand side of the portal.  This will list all of the directories in your account.  Clicking one the first time will display a getting started page that provides documentation and links to perform common tasks with it: You can use the built-in directory management support within the Windows Azure Management Portal to add/remove/manage users within the directory, enable multi-factor authentication, associate a custom domain (e.g. mycompanyname.com) with the directory, and/or rename the directory to whatever friendly name you want (just click the configure tab to do this).  You can also setup the directory to automatically sync with an on-premises Active Directory using the “Directory Integration” tab. Note that users within a directory by default do not have admin rights to login or manage Windows Azure based resources.  You still need to explicitly grant them co-admin permissions on a subscription for them to login or manage resources in Windows Azure.  You can do this by clicking the Settings tab on the left-hand side of the portal and then by clicking the administrators tab within it. Sign-In Integration within Visual Studio If you install the new Windows Azure SDK 2.2 release, you can now connect to Windows Azure from directly inside Visual Studio without having to download any management certificates.  You can now just right-click on the “Windows Azure” icon within the Server Explorer and choose the “Connect to Windows Azure” context menu option to do so: Doing this will prompt you to enter the email address of the username you wish to sign-in with (make sure this account is a user in your directory with co-admin rights on a subscription): You can use either a Microsoft Account (e.g. Windows Live ID) or an Active Directory based Organizational account as the email.  The dialog will update with an appropriate login prompt depending on which type of email address you enter: Once you sign-in you’ll see the Windows Azure resources that you have permissions to manage show up automatically within the Visual Studio server explorer and be available to start using: No downloading of management certificates required.  All of the authentication was handled using your Windows Azure Active Directory! Manage Subscriptions across Multiple Directories If you have already have multiple directories and multiple subscriptions within your Windows Azure account, we have done our best to create a good default mapping of your subscriptions->directories as part of today’s update.  If you don’t like the default subscription-to-directory mapping we have done you can click the Settings tab in the left-hand navigation of the Windows Azure Management Portal and browse to the Subscriptions tab within it: If you want to map a subscription under a different directory in your account, simply select the subscription from the list, and then click the “Edit Directory” button to choose which directory to map it to.  Mapping a subscription to a different directory takes only seconds and will not cause any of the resources within the subscription to recycle or stop working.  We’ve made the directory->subscription mapping process self-service so that you always have complete control and can map things however you want. Filtering By Directory and Subscription Within the Windows Azure Management Portal you can filter resources in the portal by subscription (allowing you to show/hide different subscriptions).  If you have subscriptions mapped to multiple directory tenants, we also now have a filter drop-down that allows you to filter the subscription list by directory tenant.  This filter is only available if you have multiple subscriptions mapped to multiple directories within your Windows Azure Account:   Windows Azure SDK 2.2 Today we are also releasing a major update of our Windows Azure SDK.  The Windows Azure SDK 2.2 release adds some great new features including: Visual Studio 2013 Support Integrated Windows Azure Sign-In support within Visual Studio Remote Debugging Cloud Services with Visual Studio Firewall Management support within Visual Studio for SQL Databases Visual Studio 2013 RTM VM Images for MSDN Subscribers Windows Azure Management Libraries for .NET Updated Windows Azure PowerShell Cmdlets and ScriptCenter I’ll post a follow-up blog shortly with more details about all of the above. Additional Updates In addition to the above enhancements, today’s release also includes a number of additional improvements: AutoScale: Richer time and date based scheduling support (set different rules on different dates) AutoScale: Ability to Scale to Zero Virtual Machines (very useful for Dev/Test scenarios) AutoScale: Support for time-based scheduling of Mobile Service AutoScale rules Operation Logs: Auditing support for Service Bus management operations Today we also shipped a major update to the Windows Azure SDK – Windows Azure SDK 2.2.  It has so much goodness in it that I have a whole second blog post coming shortly on it! :-) Summary Today’s Windows Azure release enables a bunch of great new scenarios, and enables a much richer enterprise authentication offering. If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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