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• Collection type generated by for with yield

  - by Jesper

  When I evaluate a for in Scala, I get an immutable IndexedSeq (a collection with array-like performance characteristics, such as efficient random access): scala> val s = for (i <- 0 to 9) yield math.random + i s: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Double] = Vector(0.6127056766832756, 1.7137598183155291, ... Does a for with a yield always return an IndexedSeq, or can it also return some other type of collection class (a LinearSeq, for example)? If it can also return something else, then what determines the return type, and how can I influence it? I'm using Scala 2.8.0.RC3.

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• How can I allow only privledged users to download a pdf with php?

  - by ThinkingInBits

  Lets say I have some pdf files stored on my server and I only want to allow a person who's paid have access to download a particular pdf. So for an example, let's say I have a bunch of e-books. The only way a user would be able to download e-book A is if his account contains the right credentials for that particular book. What's the best way to accomplish this? Any ideas/advice on how to improve my idea are greatly appreciated! My current idea: A user places an order Upon success, a new folder would be created by their /account_num/order_id/ A copy of the particular file would be stored in this directory Have php generate an .htaccess that would only allow access from a url that contains a random hash embedded into it. The only way a user would be able to access this random hashed page is if they are signed in as the right user, and the hash matches up with the hash stored in the database, otherwise they are redirected to home page.

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• permute data for a HashMap in Java

  - by tuxou

  hi i have a linkedhashmap and i need to permute (change the key of the values) between 2 random values example : key 1 value 123 key 2 value 456 key 3 value 789 after random permutation of 2 values key 1 value 123 key 2 value 789 key 3 value 456 so here I permuted values between key 2 and key 3 thank you; sample of the code of my map : Map map = new LinkedHashMap(); map =myMap.getLinkedHashMap(); Set key = map.keySet(); for(Iterator it = cles.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { Integer cle = it.next(); ArrayList values = (ArrayList)map.get(cle);//an arrayList of integers int i = 0; while(i < values.size()) { //i donno what to do here i++; } }

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• JQuery multiple-choice quiz script: how to ensure the correct answer is available?

  - by DavidR

  I have a function. I pass to it an object with a list of questions and answers. I generate a random number from a range equal to the number of questions in the object. The script check to see if that question has been asked, and if not, it asks it, the correct answer is then passed to a variable correct. I want to give 4 possible answers, each one randomly selected from the list of possible answers. I have this. I just want to know what is the best way to ensure that the correct answer is placed in the list. So far, this is what I have: it puts four answers into four targeted boxes. I want to ensure that the correct answer is in a randomly selected box. function getRandom(limit) { return Math.floor(Math.random() * limit ) } $("#answers > .answer").each(function(i){ r = getRandom(total_questions); $(this).text(answers[r]) });

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• tiled images in swing

  - by sasquatch90

  I have task to prepare two windows with swing. One contains grid of squares, with random numbers in them. In second I need to load pieces of tiled image and then show them in the correct order, forming tiled image. Windows should look like this : http://img535.imageshack.us/img535/3129/lab8a.jpg Okay so how to bite this ? I've used swing only few times to draw some 2d polylines, so basically I just theoretically now what to do. Ok, so window number 1: I start with creating Jframe for the window. Then I do for loop and in it create 16 JLabels with random numbers in them ? How to set margins between each tile and the whole window ? Window number 2 : So I start the same, but instead of loading numbers I add images ? Now, how can I load image from file and then set it as background ?

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• Illegal Start of Expression

  - by Kraivyne

  Hello there, I have just started to learn the very basics of Java programming. Using a book entitled "Programming Video Games for the Evil Genius". I have had an Illegal Start of Expression error that I can't for the life of me get rid of. I have checked the sample code from the book and mine is identical. The error is coming from the for(int i = difficulty; i = 0; i- - ) line. Thanks for helping a newbie out. import javax.swing.*; public class S1P4 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int difficulty; difficulty = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("How good are you?\n"+ "1 = Great\n"+"10 = Terrible")); boolean cont = false; do { cont = false; double num1 = (int)(Math.round(Math.random()*10)); double num2; do { num2 = (int)(Math.round(Math.random()*10)); } while(num2==0.0); int sign = (int)(Math.round(Math.random()*3)); double answer; System.out.println("\n\n*****"); if(sign==0) { System.out.println(num1+" times "+num2); answer = num1*num2; } else if(sign==1) { System.out.println(num1+" divided by"+num2); answer = num1/num2; } else if(sign==1) { System.out.println(num1+" plus "+num2); answer = num1+num2; } else if(sign==1) { System.out.println(num1+" minus "+num2); answer = num1-num2; } else { System.out.println(num1+" % "+num2); answer = num1%num2; } System.out.println("*****\n"); for(int i = difficulty; i >= 0; i- - ) { System.out.println(i+"..."); Thread.sleep(500); } System.out.println("ANSWER: "+answer); String again; again = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Play again?"); if(again.equals("yes")) cont = true; } while(cont); } }

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• How to avoid that the robot gets trapped in local minimum?

  - by nesmoht

  Hi, I have some time occupying myself with motion planning for robots, and have for some time wanted to explore the possibility of improving the opportunities as "potential field" method offers. My challenge is to avoid that the robot gets trapped in "local minimum" when using the "potential field" method. Instead of using a "random walk" approach to avoid that the robot gets trapped I have thought about whether it is possible to implement a variation of A* which could act as a sort of guide for precisely to avoid that the robot gets trapped in "local minimum". Is there some of the experiences of this kind, or can refer to literature, which avoids local minimum in a more effective way than the one used in the "random walk" approach.

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• Storing a variable into a database

  - by Alekx

  In an attempt to better learn Rails and I'm building a simple Blackjack game, but I'm running into a problem of storing the variable. I understand how to store user-genereated data into the db using form_for, but I'm struggling to create a random number and put it in the db. @hand = rand(9) + 2 I have "hand" as a field in my db, just curious how to store this random number. Any help anyone could provide to point me in the right direction would be very much appreciated. Thanks.

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• Referral System PHP

  - by Liam

  I have a membership based website and im planning on implementing a referral system. My website is credit based, the idea is that if User X refers User Y, then User X gets 100 bonus credits. Has anybody built a referral system before and if so what obstacles should I bear in mind? I've had a snoop round SO tonight but couldn't find any suitable answers. My theory is to give each user a random string which is generated and stored in the DB when they sign up, The user will then be presented with a URL incl. that string which when they pass to somebody (User Z), User Z is then sent to a page, the page then uses the GET method to gather the Random string and update the DB Row they currently occupy, does this sound feasible or could it easily be breached? Thanks

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• C: Reading file with a starting point

  - by Shinka

  A simple question but I can't find the answer in my book. I want to read a binary file to seed a random number generator, but I don't want to seed my generator with the same seed each time I call the function, so I will need to keep a variable for my position in the file (not a problem) and I would need to know how to read a file starting a specific point in the file (no idea how). The code: void rng_init(RNG* rng) { // ... FILE *input = fopen("random.bin", "rb"); unsigned int seed[32]; fread(seed, sizeof(unsigned int), 32, input); // seed 'rng'... fclose(input); }

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• Using cakephp's Auth component with salted password hashes

  - by Malfist

  How can I make the Auth component of cakephp create, use and store a random salt with the password?

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• How should I be storing objects that I wish to access in reverse order of the way I placed them in

  - by andrew hicks

  I'm following this guide here: http://www.mazeworks.com/mazegen/mazetut/index.htm Or more specficially create a CellStack (LIFO) to hold a list of cell locations set TotalCells = number of cells in grid choose a cell at random and call it CurrentCell set VisitedCells = 1 while VisitedCells < TotalCells find all neighbors of CurrentCell with all walls intact if one or more found choose one at random knock down the wall between it and CurrentCell push CurrentCell location on the CellStack make the new cell CurrentCell add 1 to VisitedCells else pop the most recent cell entry off the CellStack make it CurrentCell endIf endWhile Im writing this in java, My problem is. How should I be storing my visited cells, So that I can access them from reverse order of when I placed them in. Like this? List<Location> visitedCells = new ArrayList<Location>(); Then do I grab with visitedCells.get(visitedCells.size()-1)? Location stores the x, y and z. Not something Im trying to ask you.

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• Is there any reason an odd resolution for images/videos would not work as well as an even resolution

  - by kkubasik

  It seems fairly random, but I wanted to cover my bases, has anyone heard this before?

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• Writing an AI for a turn-based board game

  - by Cyril

  Hi, i'm currently programming a board game (8x8) in which I need to develop an AI. I have read a lot of articles about AI in board games, minmax with or without alphabeta pruning, but I don't really know how to implements this, I don't know where to start... About my game, this is a turn-based game, each player has pieces on the board, they have to pick one and choose in moving this piece (1 or 2 cells max) or clone the piece (1 cell max). At the moment, I have a really stupid AI which choose a random piece then choose a random move to play... Could you please give me some clues, on how to implement this functionality ? Best regards

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• [Java]Queue in while loop, cannot modify the value?

  - by javaLearner.java

  This is my code: Iterator it = queue.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ random = randNumber(1,2); if(random == 1){ queue.poll(); } else { queue.add("new"); queue.poll(); } } It gives me: Exception in thread "test" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException at java.util.LinkedList$ListItr.checkForComodification(LinkedList.java:761) at java.util.LinkedList$ListItr.next(LinkedList.java:696) Edit @Jon Skeet: What I want to do is: I have a queue list in, let say the size is 10, lets say: a,b,c,d ... j Generate a number between 1 and 2. if 1, pull (remove the top element) else if 2 add new element I will stop the loop until I added 3 new elements

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• Create numbers within an array that add up to a set amount

  - by RussellDias

  I'm fairly new to PHP - programming in general. So basically what I need to accomplish is, create an array of x amount of numbers (created randomly) who's value add up to n: Lets say, I have to create 4 numbers that add up to 30. I just need the first random dataset. The 4 and 30 here are variables which will be set by the user. Essentially something like x = amount of numbers; n = sum of all x's combined; create x random numbers which all add up to n; $row = array(5, 7, 10, 8) // these add up to 30 Also, no duplicates are allowed. I need the values with an array. I have been messing around with it sometime, however, my knowledge is fairly limited. Any help will be greatly appreciated. Cheers

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• Can I get.seed() somehow?

  - by a different ben

  In reference to the statement set.seed(), can I get the seed instead after running some code if I didn't set it explicitly? I've been re-running some code containing a function that randomises some sample of the input data (the function is part of the kohonen package). After playing with it for some time to see the variety of output (it was an 'unstable' problem), I noticed one result that was pretty interesting. I of course had not used set.seed(), but wondered if I could get the seed after running the code to reproduce the result? In ?set.seed I see .Random.seed saves the seed set for the uniform random-number generator But I don't know how that helps.

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• how do i add variables with logistic distributions?

  - by Timmy

  i have X, Y, random logistic variables, how do I add them given the mean and scale for each?

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• Python: Picking an element without replacement

  - by wpeters

  I would like to slice random letters from a string. Given s="howdy" I would like to pick elements from 's' without replacement but keep the index number. For example >>> random.sample(s,len(s)) ['w', 'h', 'o', 'd', 'y'] is close to what I want, but I would actually prefer something like [('w',2), ('h',0), ('o',1), ('d',3), ('y',4)] with letter-index pairs. This is important because the same letter appears in 's' more than once. ie) "letter" where 't' appears twice but I need to distinguish the first 't' from the 'second'. Ideally I actually only need to pick letters as I need them but scrambling and calculating all the letters in a list (as shown above) is ok.

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• Choosing randomly all the elements in the the list just once

  - by Dalek

  How is it possible to randomly choose a number from a list with n elements, n time without picking the same element of the list twice. I wrote a code to choose the sequence number of the elements in the list but it is slow: >>>redshift=np.array([0.92,0.17,0.51,1.33,....,0.41,0.82]) >>>redshift.shape (1225,) exclude=[] k=0 ng=1225 while (k < ng): flag1=0 sq=random.randint(0, ng) while (flag1<1): if sq in exclude: flag1=1 sq=random.randint(0, ng) else: print sq exclude.append(sq) flag1=0 z=redshift[sq] k+=1 It doesn't choose all the sequence number of elements in the list.

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• Function 'didFinishLaunchingWithOptions' getting invoked inappropriately

  - by clint

  I connected my IOS device to a MAC processor and installed/initialized my app running in xcode or dragged it from itunes folder. Now i physically disconnected my device from the processor and through wifi enabled in the device, sent notifications/messages through APNS to the device. I was able to successfully receive notifications in the device. Now after some time, i reconnected the device to the processor, which lead to a problem of the app launching again and calling 'didFinishLaunchingWithOptions' method again, which is not desirable as the launch/initialization should happen only once. This behaviour is random ie. every time when i disconnect/reconnect, it is not happening, only sometimes. Why is this happening. What could be the reason for this random behaviour. Any help will be appreciated.Thanks

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• Testing Workflows &ndash; Test-First

  - by Timothy Klenke

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/TimothyK/archive/2014/05/30/testing-workflows-ndash-test-first.aspxThis is the second of two posts on some common strategies for approaching the job of writing tests.  The previous post covered test-after workflows where as this will focus on test-first.  Each workflow presented is a method of attack for adding tests to a project.  The more tools in your tool belt the better.  So here is a partial list of some test-first methodologies. Ping Pong Ping Pong is a methodology commonly used in pair programing.  One developer will write a new failing test.  Then they hand the keyboard to their partner.  The partner writes the production code to get the test passing.  The partner then writes the next test before passing the keyboard back to the original developer. The reasoning behind this testing methodology is to facilitate pair programming.  That is to say that this testing methodology shares all the benefits of pair programming, including ensuring multiple team members are familiar with the code base (i.e. low bus number). Test Blazer Test Blazing, in some respects, is also a pairing strategy.  The developers don’t work side by side on the same task at the same time.  Instead one developer is dedicated to writing tests at their own desk.  They write failing test after failing test, never touching the production code.  With these tests they are defining the specification for the system.  The developer most familiar with the specifications would be assigned this task. The next day or later in the same day another developer fetches the latest test suite.  Their job is to write the production code to get those tests passing.  Once all the tests pass they fetch from source control the latest version of the test project to get the newer tests. This methodology has some of the benefits of pair programming, namely lowering the bus number.  This can be good way adding an extra developer to a project without slowing it down too much.  The production coder isn’t slowed down writing tests.  The tests are in another project from the production code, so there shouldn’t be any merge conflicts despite two developers working on the same solution. This methodology is also a good test for the tests.  Can another developer figure out what system should do just by reading the tests?  This question will be answered as the production coder works there way through the test blazer’s tests. Test Driven Development (TDD) TDD is a highly disciplined practice that calls for a new test and an new production code to be written every few minutes.  There are strict rules for when you should be writing test or production code.  You start by writing a failing (red) test, then write the simplest production code possible to get the code working (green), then you clean up the code (refactor).  This is known as the red-green-refactor cycle. The goal of TDD isn’t the creation of a suite of tests, however that is an advantageous side effect.  The real goal of TDD is to follow a practice that yields a better design.  The practice is meant to push the design toward small, decoupled, modularized components.  This is generally considered a better design that large, highly coupled ball of mud. TDD accomplishes this through the refactoring cycle.  Refactoring is only possible to do safely when tests are in place.  In order to use TDD developers must be trained in how to look for and repair code smells in the system.  Through repairing these sections of smelly code (i.e. a refactoring) the design of the system emerges. For further information on TDD, I highly recommend the series “Is TDD Dead?”.  It discusses its pros and cons and when it is best used. Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) Whereas TDD focuses on small unit tests that concentrate on a small piece of the system, Acceptance Tests focuses on the larger integrated environment.  Acceptance Tests usually correspond to user stories, which come directly from the customer. The unit tests focus on the inputs and outputs of smaller parts of the system, which are too low level to be of interest to the customer. ATDD generally uses the same tools as TDD.  However, ATDD uses fewer mocks and test doubles than TDD. ATDD often complements TDD; they aren’t competing methods.  A full test suite will usually consist of a large number of unit (created via TDD) tests and a smaller number of acceptance tests. Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) BDD is more about audience than workflow.  BDD pushes the testing realm out towards the client.  Developers, managers and the client all work together to define the tests. Typically different tooling is used for BDD than acceptance and unit testing.  This is done because the audience is not just developers.  Tools using the Gherkin family of languages allow for test scenarios to be described in an English format.  Other tools such as MSpec or FitNesse also strive for highly readable behaviour driven test suites. Because these tests are public facing (viewable by people outside the development team), the terminology usually changes.  You can’t get away with the same technobabble you can with unit tests written in a programming language that only developers understand.  For starters, they usually aren’t called tests.  Usually they’re called “examples”, “behaviours”, “scenarios”, or “specifications”. This may seem like a very subtle difference, but I’ve seen this small terminology change have a huge impact on the acceptance of the process.  Many people have a bias that testing is something that comes at the end of a project.  When you say we need to define the tests at the start of the project many people will immediately give that a lower priority on the project schedule.  But if you say we need to define the specification or behaviour of the system before we can start, you’ll get more cooperation.   Keep these test-first and test-after workflows in your tool belt.  With them you’ll be able to find new opportunities to apply them.

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• Outlook 2013 keeps freezing, semi-consistently

  - by AviD

  I have an oddity of problem with my Outlook's stability. It seems to be freezing up, not at random intervals, but based on a seemingly strange combination of configurations. I have been trying many different combinations, I've even devolved to "Cargo-cult" debugging, since I have no clue what is causing this... Here is my set up - since I don't know for sure which settings are causing the lockup, I'll probably mention irrelevant things: (relatively) clean install of Windows 8 (on hyper-v, if that matters) Clean install of Outlook 2013, fully updated 3 accounts configured: Hotmail account configured with ActiveSync Gmail account Large-ish account (several GB) connected with IMAP Only a few folders are subscribed in IMAP Outlook is set to only display subscribed folders configured to keep messages permanently Google Apps account, connected with IMAP Small account connected with IMAP All folders IMAP subscribed Outlook is set to only display subscribed folders configured to keep messages permanently Several Send/Receive Groups configured, to try different configurations of enabling/disable/partial the different accounts - with different send times, from 60 minutes down to 5 minutes. The problem is that at certain points Outlook completely freezes up and I have to kill it. This is not consistent - there are some things that cause it immediately almost consistently, there are some times that it just happens by itself after some period of time (sometimes a few moments, sometimes a few hours; sometimes while using it, sometimes after I've been away from it for a few hours). I have searched all over, and there seem to be many with similar (apparently) problem, and found numerous "solutions" (some even more cargocultish than mine), but so far none of them worked. I've removed all the accounts, both all together and one at a time, and re-configured them - eventually it freezes up. I've tried uninstalling Outlook, cleaning it up completely - removing files, app settings, registry keys, etc - then reinstalling - eventually it freezes up. I've only enabled the Hotmail account, disabling (but not removing) the Google accounts - apparently this does not lock up. I've enabled the Hotmail and the Gmail accounts, leaving the Apps one disabled - it seems like it does not lock up. With all accounts enabled, it locks up almost immediately after doing a send/receive. With only the Apps account enabled, it seems to not lock up. With the Hotmail and the Apps accounts enabled (Gmail disabled), it seems like it locks up after a random amount of time. With Hotmail enabled, and Gmail and Apps both enabled but set to receive only custom folder downloading (not all subscribed folders) - sometimes it locks up right after a send/receive, sometimes it goes for hours without locking up, and sometimes it only locks up when I send an email. I've tried switching the ports for the Google accounts (SSL/465 vs TLS/587), though I have no idea if this should affect, but no real difference. In short, I honestly have no idea what is actually causing Outlook to lock up, I might be completely barking up the wrong tree. At this point I don't really know what else to try, I'm flipping switches at random here. I would like to have all 3 accounts enabled, ideally in several groups (e.g. pull down only important folders in a group with short interval, and all other folders in a longer interval) - obviously without freezing up at all. I've tried putting in all the important details, if there is anything else important to add please let me know. Another issue that occurred to me might also be connected - the Google accounts don't always synchronize properly, even after a send/receive or "update folder". At least not consistently... though I haven't been able to find a significant connection between this and that.

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• Friday Fun: Favorite Games to Play in Chrome

  - by Asian Angel

  Online games can provide a perfect break while you are working and being able to choose from a multitude of games makes it even better. If you are a game addict then you will definitely want to have a look at the Game Button extension for Chrome. Game Button in Action Once the extension has finished installing you are ready to enjoy all that gaming goodness. To get started just click on the “Toolbar Button” and choose a game category. For our example we chose “Shooting Games”. Once you select a game category a new window will open. Towards the lower right corner you will be able to access a scrollable drop-down menu and choose the game that you would like to play. Note: Some of these games come with sounds that can not be turned off so you may want to have the volume lowered all the way or your speakers temporarily turned off if you are at work. For our first game we chose “Snowball Throw”. Notice that there is a nice variety such as “DinoKids – Archery” to games like “Secret Agent”. You can see that our game was nicely sized…not too small and not too large. Go go snowballs! This is definitely a fun one to try…the best approach for this one is to use one hand for clicking the mouse and the other hand for moving it at the same time. If desired you can post your score and see other high scores afterwards. For our second game we decided to try “Target Shooter Firing Range”. This one is definitely a little harder because you have to be extremely precise while moving as quickly as possible. Not too bad for the score but that is ok. You will certainly be able to have fun finding the games that will become your favorites while enjoying the nice variety. Conclusion If you love online games and want a good variety to choose from then the Game Button extension will make a nice addition to your browser. Links Download the Game Button extension (Google Chrome Extensions) Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Play a New Random Game Each Day in ChromeFriday Fun: Get Your Mario OnFriday Fun: Go Retro with PacmanFriday Fun: Play Air Hockey in Google ChromeFriday Fun: Five More Time Wasting Online Games TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 Recycle ! Find That Elusive Icon with FindIcons Looking for Good Windows Media Player 12 Plug-ins? Find Out the Celebrity You Resemble With FaceDouble Whoa ! Use Printflush to Solve Printing Problems

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• Solaris 10 branded zone VM Templates for Solaris 11 on OTN

  - by jsavit

  Early this year I wrote the article Ours Goes To 11 which describes the ability to import Solaris 10 systems into a "Solaris 10 branded zone" under Oracle Solaris 11. I did this using Solaris 11 Express, and the capability remains in Solaris 11 with only slight changes. This important tool lets you painlessly inhaling a Solaris Container from Solaris 10 or entire Solaris 10 systems ("the global zone") into virtualized environments on a Solaris 11 OS. Just recently, Oracle provided Oracle VM Templates for Oracle Solaris 10 Zones to let you create Solaris 10 branded zones for Solaris 11 even if you don't currently have access to install media or a running Solaris 10 system. To use this, just download the Oracle VM Template for Oracle Solaris Zone 10 from OTN at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/virtual-machines-1355605.html. This page contains images of Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 (the recent update to Solaris 10) in SPARC and x86 formats suitable for creating branded zones. The same page also has a VirtualBox image you can download for a complete Solaris 10 install in a guest virtual machine you can run on any host OS that supports VirtualBox. Both sets of downloads provide a quick - and extremely easy - way to set up a virtual Solaris 10 environment. In the case of the Oracle VM Templates, they illustrate several advanced features of Solaris 11. To start, just go to the above link, download the template for the hardware platform (SPARC or x86) you want, and download the README file also linked from that page. Install prerequisites The README file tells you to install the prerequisite Solaris 11 package that implements the Solaris 10 brand. Then you can install instances of zones with that brand. # pkg install pkg:/system/zones/brand/brand-solaris10 Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: Yes DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 44/44 0.4/0.4 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 74/74 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 That took only a few minutes, and didn't require a reboot. Install the Solaris 10 zone Now it's time to run the downloaded template file. First make it executable via the chmod command, of course. I found that (unlike stated in the README) there was no need to rename the downloaded file to remove the .bin. When you run it you provide several parameters to describe the zone configuration: -a IP address - the IP address and optional netmask for the zone. This is the only mandatory parameter. -z zonename - the name of the zone you would like to create. -i interface - the package will create an exclusive-IP zone using a virtual NIC (vnic) based on this physical interface. In my case, I have a NIC called rge0. -p PATH - specifies the path in which you want the zoneroot to be placed. In my case, I have a ZFS dataset mounted at /zones, and this will create a zoneroot at /zones/s10u10. Kicking it off, you will see a copyright message, and then messages showing progress building the zone, which only takes a few minutes. # ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin -p /zones -a 192.168.1.100 -i rge0 -z s10u10 ... ... Checking disk-space for extraction Ok Extracting in /export/home/CDimages/s10zone/bootimage.ihaqvh ... 100% [===============================] Checking data integrity Ok Checking platform compatibility The host and the image do not have the same Solaris release: host Solaris release: 5.11 image Solaris release: 5.10 Will create a Solaris 10 branded zone. Warning: could not find a defaultrouter Zone won't have any defaultrouter configured IMAGE: ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin ZONE: s10u10 ZONEPATH: /zones/s10u10 INTERFACE: rge0 VNIC: vnicZBI13379 MAC ADDR: 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc IP ADDR: 192.168.1.100 NETMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFROUTER: NONE TIMEZONE: US/Arizona Checking disk-space for installation Ok Installing in /zones/s10u10 ... 100% [===============================] Using a static exclusive-IP Attaching s10u10 Booting s10u10 Waiting for boot to complete booting... booting... booting... Zone s10u10 booted The zone's root password has been set using the root password of the local host. You can change the zone's root password to further harden the security of the zone: being root, log into the zone from the local host with the command 'zlogin s10u10'. Once logged in, change the root password with the command 'passwd'. The nifty part in my opinion (besides being so easy), is that the zone was created as an exclusive-IP zone on a virtual NIC. This network configuration lets you enforce traffic isolation from other zones, enforce network Quality of Service, and even let the zone set its own characteristics like IP address and packet size. Independence of the zone's network characteristics from the global zone is one of the enhancements in Solaris 10 that make it easier to consolidate zones while preserving their autonomy, yet provide control in a consolidated environment. Let's see what the virtual network environment looks like by issuing commands from the Solaris 11 global zone. First I'll use Old School ifconfig, and then I'll use the new ipadm and dladm commands. # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 rge0: flags=1004943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 0:14:d1:18:ac:bc vboxnet0: flags=201000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3 inet 192.168.56.1 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.56.255 ether 8:0:27:f8:62:1c # dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED DUPLEX DEVICE yge0 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge0 yge1 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge1 rge0 Ethernet up 1000 full rge0 vboxnet0 Ethernet up 1000 full vboxnet0 # dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER yge0 phys 1500 unknown -- yge1 phys 1500 unknown -- rge0 phys 1500 up -- vboxnet0 phys 1500 up -- vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/net0 vnic 1500 up rge0 # dladm show-vnic LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VID vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/net0 rge0 1000 2:8:20:9d:d0:79 random 0 # ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 rge0/_a dhcp ok 192.168.1.3/24 vboxnet0/_a static ok 192.168.56.1/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 Log into the zone The install step already booted the zone, so lets log into it. Notice how you have to be appropriately privileged to log into a zone. This is my home system so I'm being a bit cavalier, but in a production environment you can give granular control of who can login to which zones. Voila! a Solaris 10 environment under a Solaris 11 kernel. Notice the output from the uname -a and ifconfig commands, and output from a ping to a nearby host. $ zlogin s10u10 zlogin: You lack sufficient privilege to run this command (all privs required) savit@home:~$ sudo zlogin s10u10 Password: [Connected to zone 's10u10' pts/5] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.10 Generic Patch January 2005 # uname -a SunOS s10u10 5.10 Generic_Virtual i86pc i386 i86pc # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc # bash bash-3.2# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc bash-3.2# ping 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 is alive For fun, I configured Apache (setting its configuration file in /etc/apache2) and brought it up. Easy - took just a few minutes. bash-3.2# svcs apache2 STATE STIME FMRI disabled 12:38:46 svc:/network/http:apache2 bash-3.2# svcadm enable apache2 Summary In just a few minutes, I built a functioning virtual Solaris 10 environment under by Solaris 11 system. It was... easy! While I can still do it the manual way (creating and using a system archive), this is a low-effort way to create a Solaris 10 zone on Solaris 11.

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