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• Linux EC2 Instance Security Consideration

  - by Amzath

  I am going to host a web site in Amazon EC2 instance which would be a Linux instance. My web application will be developed using PHP, Apache and MySql. As I am new to Linux and Amazon EC2 environment, what are key areas in security should I consider to protect my server? This may be very very generic question as the security itself a vast area. But I need to kick start with most imporant points. That way I would be able to track down all those areas one by one.

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• Transport rules on a live@edu instance to filter SSNs

  - by wbfreema

  Has anyone implemented transport rules on a live@edu(or whatever Microsoft is calling it these days) instance to reject the delivery of messages that include SSN's? I see how to set up transport rules in Exchange 2007, and even how to do it in the Windows Live Admin page, though the rules there don't seem to allow for regexes, can anyone confirm this? If this is the case has anyone ever connected Powershell to a live@edu instance to implement the code found at the bottom of this page: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa997187.aspx What I really need is a concise how-to.

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• Move MySQL database while instance is online

  - by Mike Scott

  I have a MySQL instance containing a number of databases, one of which is an archive database (although using the INNODB rather than ARCHIVE storage engine) that is not queried or written to in normal operation. The data filesystem is filling up and I'd like to move the archive database's data directory to a different filesystem (and then symlink it back, obviously). If there are no SQL statements attempting to query or update the data during the move, can I safely do this while the MySQL instance and the other databases stay online and in use? I plan to rsync the database directory to the new filesystem, then rename the old one on the original filesystem to something different and create the new symlink. lsof reports that MySQL does have the .ibd files open, so presumably it would have to reopen them.

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• Replicating/Synchronizng multiple tables across diffrent Databases on the same instance

  - by Idan

  I have few tables that needed to be replicated/synchronized across several databases in our SQL Server 2008 cluster. I know it's possible to replicate between multiple instances, but I'm looking for replication or synchronization in the same instance between specific tables of databases. The replicaiton/synchronization should happen every half-hour or so, but I don't mind it happening constantly. I can't use DROP the target table and INSERT (copy) the source table since there are many constraints. Reason for this is to not manage in the application layer and write to 2 different databases at the same time. Example: DB1 has T1, T2 and T3 - these are constantly being updated by the application, APP1 running on DB1. DB2 needs to have an updated copy of T1 at all times, also, there is a different application, APP2 runs only on DB2. Both DB1 and DB2 are located on the same instance, INST1. Would it be possible to replicate T1, T2 and T3 from DB1 to DB2 ? Thanks, Idan.

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• Why can't I create an Alias Resource Record Set for an EC2 instance

  - by praterade

  I have been working with AWS for over a year, setting up EC2 instances, domains, ELBs, etc. When I want to assign a subdomain to an EC2 instance, I have to create an elastic IP (that I pay for), then assign a CNAME record to that elastic IP. When I want to assign a subdomain to an ELB (load balancer) instance, I just create an alias resource record set to the ELB. I've read over the docs and don't understand why AWS doesn't support aliasing to instances. Am I missing a key concept here? Wouldn't it be simpler to just alias EC2 instances and skip the whole elastic IP bit?

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• Not able to login to new AMI on EC2 - moveing from micro to small instance

  - by zengr

  I had a t1.micro instance (old_server) on Linux on EC2 and now I need to upgrade my server to m1.small Linux (new_server). So, here is what I did: Shutdown old_server and create an AMI. Launch the new AMI with m1.small configuration. (I kept the key and security group same as old_server) I tried to login by: ssh -i my_key.pem [email protected] But, it gives a connection timeout error. My login to old_server works fine. So, my question is: What is the correct way to scale up (vertically) an EC2 instance? Where am I going wrong in the above mentioned step? When I create an AMI in step 1, is the EBS (data) also copied.

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• No HTTP Response from Tomcat 7 EC2 instance

  - by David Kaczynski

  I am new to EC2 (and Tomcat, for that matter), and I am trying to deploy a vanilla Tomcat 7 server to an Ubuntu 12.04.1 EC2 instance and access the default test site over HTTP. My EC2 instance is running, and the Security Group includes port 80: My /etc/tomcat7/server.xml config has been edited to listen for HTTP requests on port 80: 0 I have restarted my Tomcat 7 server via sudo service tomcat7 restart. However, according to sudo netstat -lnp, Tomcat is not listed as listening over port 80: I am unable to get any response from going to the ...amazonaws.com public DNS in a web browser. What am I missing?

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• Production Instance : CLOSE_WAIT Connection Issue

  - by rajnikant

  I am using 10EC2 Instances behind 1 ELB. And ELB configured 80 to 8080 and 443 to 8080 port. And all 10EC2 instances having installed with Apache Tomcat, total request on ELB around 8000 to 10000 in 1 minute. I am facing problem for CLOSE_WAIT connection on 10 EC2 Instance, having Apache Tomcat. EC2 Instance Type : m1.xlarge When we restart the Apache Tomcat, all CLOSE_WAIT connections are lost, but its not proper way to work on Production Instances. Please help me out.

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• Amazon EC2- many micro-instances vs single small/medium instance

  - by shashankaholic

  I have a chat application using stack of Openfire, Tomcat6 and MySQL. Currently, i have installed all these servers on single Linux micro-instance(613 MB memory). Even in low user base 10-20 i am encountering CPU overload which is quite obvious here. As, i am new to Amazon EC2 can somebody suggest me how to scale up my architecture according to traffic use? should i use separate micro instances for every app server(openfire,mysql,tomcat6) should i use single small or medium instance for whole server stack. Some factors in context: high reliance on MYSQL high memory usage due to file transfer web-application interacting with other Amazon service like S3,SES

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• cannot at all find sql instance (while installing an asp.net app on IIS)

  - by giddy

  So I'm really not a DBA, I'm an app dev. I had to install my asp.net mvc3 app on my client's(a large company) IIS6 + Win2k3 machine, with absolutely no help from their sysadmins. The final problem now is SQL Server 2008 r2, after figuring out how to create a login from windows, my app and sqlcmd.exe always complains it cannot find a sql server instance!! I have all the sql services (in services.msc) running to Log On as the local system. I can login fine with SQL Server Management Studio with Windows Auth. I created my database, my asp.net app needs/uses windows auth. But for the love of God, whatever I do my app always complains it cannot find the instance. (Also tried running SQL CMD and it complains of the same thing too!) My data base connection string looks like this: Data Source=machinename\username;Initial Catalog=myDataStore;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True Machinename\user is the same thing that shows up on the sql server management studio login if I choose windows authentication right?

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• Multiple Reporting Services databases in one instance?

  - by Tedd Hansen

  Is it possible to have multiple Reporting Services databases in one MSSQL instance? I have a MSSQL 2008 R2 with RS set to SharePoint Integrated Mode. This RS is in use and can't be changed. I do however need a RS in native mode for the TFS installation to be able to use it. Am I required to set up a new instance of MSSQL? Bonus question: If so, is that permitted under the MS licensing scheme or is it an additional cost?

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• Rebooting an EC2 Instance

  - by ABrown

  I'm working on a project involving EC2 and I'm having a difficult time wrapping my head around this concept. With EC2 instances, will non-EBS backed volumes (standard EC2) survive a reboot of the OS? For example, I have an Ubuntu instance. If I type "/sbin/shutdown -r now", will I lose all data on the drive not in the AMI? I understand that if I terminate the instance via the tools or the control panel, I lose everything, but I can't find a concrete answer to the restart issue. An extra gold star goes to anyone who can link to documentation clearly explaining this. ;) Thanks for your time!

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• Duplicating an instance into a new VPC from a Snapshot

  - by Remmus

  We have a group of instances in an Amazon VPC we use for our live environment. We have a big release to do and want to test that the deployment will run smoothly. I have created a second VPC, created instances of the same size on the same private ips and then removed their original volumes and attached new volumes that were created from snapshots of the live environment. Unfortunately none of the instance will allow me to connect. They start running fine, but I don't get any system logs appear and can't connect. The only thing I can think of is that the new instance was created from a new AMI as the old one is deprecated due to new security fixes. Is this a problem? If so can I fix it in any way? And if this isn't a problem, does anyone have any ideas how I can fix it?

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• bottle.py on EC2 micro instance causes 2 order of magnitude slowdown

  - by user61633

  Cross-posted from StackOverflow: I wrote a little toy script to solve this type of game, and put it on my new micro EC2 instance. It works perfectly, but while it takes around 0.5 seconds to run a local version, and takes under 0.5 seconds to run both the local and the bottle.py version on my home computer, running the bottle.py version on the EC2 instance takes over 2 minutes. Python has the cpu pegged at 99% the entire time. Only 7.4% memory usage, consistently, and no swapping. The only guess I have is initialization time for bottle.py on EC2, but if it were that, why would it be ~200x faster on my own computer with bottle.py?

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• High CPU Steal percentage on Amazon EC2 Instance

  - by Aditya Patawari

  I am experiencing high CPU steal percentage in a Amazon EC2 large instance. I know it means that my virtual CPU is waiting on the real CPU of the machine for time. My question is that what can I do to reduce this percentage and get maximum out of the CPU? Steal percentage is consistently at 20%. System load crosses 10 when this happens. I have checked memory and network and I am sure that they are not the bottleneck. Is that normal for such environment? Also are there any system level optimization techniques for reducing steal percentage form the virtual instance? avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 52.38 0.00 8.23 0.00 21.21 18.18

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• Running many databases under one instance.

  - by user45237

  Is it best to have one single instance with many database or to spread the databases across a few instances?

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• Easiest way to get feedback from an EC2 instance

  - by Sanity

  I need to run a script on an ec2 instance once a day, and I'd like to have some easy way for it to let me know if something went wrong. I would prefer not to have to modify the original image, which is a recent version of Ubuntu, so ideally I'd like to do all setup in the script I pass to the Ubuntu instance through the ec2-run-instances command. I've considered creating a gmail account for it, and letting it send email through that - but the setup was rather involved, with certificates and such things. I've looked at using the gist API, but anything uploaded through it is public. The Google command line tool also appears quite complicated to set up. Is there some easier way to do this?

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• Java - Resize images upon class instantiation

  - by Tyler J Fisher

  Hey StackExchange GameDev community, I'm attempting to: Resize series of sprites upon instantiation of the class they're located in (x2) I've attempted to use the following code to resize the images, however my attempts have been unsuccessful. I have been unable to write an implementation that is even compilable, so no error codes yet. wLeft.getScaledInstance(wLeft.getWidth()*2, wLeft.getHeight()*2, Image.SCALE_FAST); I've heard that Graphics2D is the best option. Any suggestions? I think I'm probably best off loading the images into a Java project, resizing the images then outputting them to a new directory so as not to have to resize each sprite upon class instantiation. What do you think? Photoshopping each individual sprite is out of the question, unless I used a macro. Code: package game; //Import import java.awt.Image; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class Mario extends Human { Image wLeft = new ImageIcon("sprites\\mario\\wLeft.PNG").getImage(); //Constructor public Mario(){ super("Mario", 50); wLeft.getScaledInstance(wLeft.getWidth()*2, wLeft.getHeight()*2, Image.SCALE_FAST); } Thanks! Note: not homework, just thought Mario would be a good, overused starting point in game dev.

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• Critique of SEO of this HTML

  - by Tom Gullen

  I'm designing a new site which I want to be as SEO friendly as possible, fast and responsive, semantic and very accessible. A lot of these things, embarrassingly are quite new to me. Have I miss applied anything? I want the template to be perfect. Live demo: http://69.24.73.172/demos/newDemo/ HTML: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Welcome to Scirra.com</title> <meta name="description" content="Construct 2, the HTML5 games creator." /> <meta name="keywords" content="game maker, game builder, html5, create games, games creator" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="plugins/coin-slider/coin-slider-styles.css" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div class="topBar"></div> <div class="mainBox"> <header> <div class="headWrapper"> <div class="s searchWrap"> <input type="text" name="SearchBox" id="SearchBox" tabindex="1" /> <div class="s searchIco"></div> </div> <!-- Logo placeholder --> </div> <div class="menuWrapper"><nav> <ul class="mainMenu"> <li><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">Forum</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="mainSelected">Construct</a></li> <li><a href="#">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="#">Manual</a></li> </ul> <ul class="underMenu"> <li><a href="#">Homepage</a></li> <li><a href="#" class="underSelected">Construct</a></li> <li><a href="#">Products</a></li> <li><a href="#">Community Forum</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </nav></div> </header> <div class="contentWrapper"> <div class="wideCol"> <div id="coin-slider" class="slideShowWrapper"> <a href="#" target="_blank"> <img src="images/screenshot1.jpg" alt="Screenshot" /> <span> Scirra software allows you to bring your imagination to life </span> </a> <a href="#"> <img src="images/screenshot2.jpg" alt="Screenshot" /> <span> Export your creations to HTML5 pages </span> </a> <a href="#"> <img src="images/screenshot3.jpg" alt="Screenshot" /> <span> Another description of some image </span> </a> <a href="#"> <img src="images/screenshot4.jpg" alt="Screenshot" /> <span> Something motivational to tell people </span> </a> </div> <div class="newsWrapper"> <h2>Latest from Twitter</h2> <div id="twitterFeed"> <p>The news on the block is this. Something has happened some news or something. <span class="smallDate">About 6 hours ago</span></p> <p>Another thing has happened lets tell the world some news or something. Lots to think about. Lots to do.<span class="smallDate">About 6 hours ago</span></p> <p>Shocker! Santa Claus is not real. This is breaking news, we must spread it. <span class="smallDate">About 6 hours ago</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="thinCol"> <h1>Main Heading</h1> <p>Some paragraph goes here. It tells you about the picture. Cool! Have you thought about downloading Construct 2? Well you can download it with the link below. This column will expand vertically.</p> <h3>Help Me!</h3> <p>This column will keep expanging and expanging. It pads stuff out to make other things look good imo.</p> <h3>Why Download?</h3> <p>As well as other features, we also have some other features. Check out our <a href="#">other features</a>. Each of our other features is really cool and there to help everyone suceed.</p> <a href="#" class="s downloadBox" title="Download Construct 2 Now"> <div class="downloadHead">Download</div> <div class="downloadSize">24.5 MB</div> </a> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <h2>This Weeks Spotlight</h2> <div class="halfColWrapper"> <img src="images/spotlight1.png" class="spotLightImg" alt="Spotlight User" /> <p>Our spotlight member this week is Pooh-Bah. He writes good stuff. Read it. <a class="moreInfoLink" href="#">Learn More</a></p> </div> <div class="halfColWrapper r"> <img src="images/spotlight2.png" class="spotLightImg" alt="Spotlight Game" /> <p>Killer Bears is a scary ass game from JimmyJones. How many bears can you escape from? <a class="moreInfoLink" href="#">Learn More</a></p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div><div class="mainEnder"></div> <footer> <div class="footerWrapper"> <div class="footerBox"> <div class="footerItem"> <h4>Community</h4> <ul> <li><a href="#">The Blog</a></li> <li><a href="#">Community Forum</a></li> <li><a href="#">RSS Feed</a></li> <li> <a class="s footIco facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/ScirraOfficial" target="_blank" title="Visit Scirra on Facebook"></a> <a class="s footIco twitter" href="http://twitter.com/Scirra" target="_blank" title="Follow Scirra on Twitter"></a> <a class="s footIco youtube" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/ScirraVideos" target="_blank" title="Visit Scirra on Youtube"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footerItem"> <h4>About Us</h4> <ul> <li><a href="#">Contact Information</a></li> <li><a href="#">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="#">History</a></li> <li><a href="#">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="#">Terms and Conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footerItem"> <h4>Want to Help?</h4> <p>You can contribute to the community <a href="#">in lots of ways</a>. We have a large active friendly community, and there are lots of ways to join in!</p> <a href="#" class="ralign"><strong>Learn More</strong></a> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright"> Copyright &copy; 2011 Scirra.com. All rights reserved. </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="plugins/coin-slider/coin-slider.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/homepage.js"></script> </body> </html>

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• Java HttpURLConnection class Program

  - by pandu

  I am learning java. Here is the sample code of HttpURLConnection class usage in some text book import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; class HttpURLDemo { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { URL hp = new URL("http://www.google.com"); HttpURLConnection hpCon = (HttpURLConnection) hp.openConnection(); // Display request method. System.out.println("Request method is " + hpCon.getRequestMethod()); // Display response code. System.out.println("Response code is " + hpCon.getResponseCode()); // Display response message. System.out.println("Response Message is " + hpCon.getResponseMessage()); // Get a list of the header fields and a set // of the header keys. Map<String, List<String>> hdrMap = hpCon.getHeaderFields(); Set<String> hdrField = hdrMap.keySet(); System.out.println("\nHere is the header:"); // Display all header keys and values. for(String k : hdrField) { System.out.println("Key: " + k + " Value: " + hdrMap.get(k)); } } } Question is Why hpCon Object is declared in the following way? HttpURLConnection hpCon = (HttpURLConnection) hp.openConnection(); instead of declaring like this HttpURLConnection hpCon = new HttpURLConnection(); Author provided the following explanation. I cant understand Java provides a subclass of URLConnection that provides support for HTTP connections. This class is called HttpURLConnection. You obtain an HttpURLConnection in the same way just shown, by calling openConnection( ) on a URL object, but you must cast the result to HttpURLConnection. (Of course, you must make sure that you are actually opening an HTTP connection.) Once you have obtained a reference to an HttpURLConnection object, you can use any of the methods inherited from URLConnection

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• Pattern for a class that does only one thing

  - by Heinzi

  Let's say I have a procedure that does stuff: void doStuff(initalParams) { ... } Now I discover that "doing stuff" is quite a compex operation. The procedure becomes large, I split it up into multiple smaller procedures and soon I realize that having some kind of state would be useful while doing stuff, so that I need to pass less parameters between the small procedures. So, I factor it out into its own class: class StuffDoer { private someInternalState; public Start(initalParams) { ... } // some private helper procedures here ... } And then I call it like this: new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); or like this: new StuffDoer(initialParams).Start(); And this is what feels wrong. When using the .NET or Java API, I always never call new SomeApiClass().Start(...);, which makes me suspect that I'm doing it wrong. Sure, I could make StuffDoer's constructor private and add a static helper method: public static DoStuff(initalParams) { new StuffDoer().Start(initialParams); } But then I'd have a class whose external interface consists of only one static method, which also feels weird. Hence my question: Is there a well-established pattern for this type of classes that have only one entry point and have no "externally recognizable" state, i.e., instance state is only required during execution of that one entry point?

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• Good design for class with similar constructors

  - by RustyTheBoyRobot

  I was reading this question and thought that good points were made, but most of the solutions involved renaming one of the methods. I am refactoring some poorly written code and I've run into this situation: public class Entity { public Entity(String uniqueIdentifier, boolean isSerialNumber) { if (isSerialNumber) { this.serialNumber = uniqueIdentifier; //Lookup other data } else { this.primaryKey = uniqueIdentifier; // Lookup other data with different query } } } The obvious design flaw is that someone needed two different ways to create the object, but couldn't overload the constructor since both identifiers were of the same type (String). Thus they added a flag to differentiate. So, my question is this: when this situation arises, what are good designs for differentiating between these two ways of instantiating an object? My First Thoughts You could create two different static methods to create your object. The method names could be different. This is weak because static methods don't get inherited. You could create different objects to force the types to be different (i.e., make a PrimaryKey class and a SerialNumber class). I like this because it seems to be a better design, but it also is a pain to refactor if serialNumber is a String everywhere else.

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• C# class architecture for REST services

  - by user15370

  Hi. I am integrating with a set of REST services exposed by our partner. The unit of integration is at the project level meaning that for each project created on our partners side of the fence they will expose a unique set of REST services. To be more clear, assume there are two projects - project1 and project2. The REST services available to access the project data would then be: /project1/search/getstuff?etc... /project1/analysis/getstuff?etc... /project1/cluster/getstuff?etc... /project2/search/getstuff?etc... /project2/analysis/getstuff?etc... /project2/cluster/getstuff?etc... My task is to wrap these services in a C# class to be used by our app developer. I want to make it simple for the app developer and am thinking of providing something like the following class. class ProjectClient { SearchClient _searchclient; AnalysisClient _analysisclient; ClusterClient _clusterclient; string Project {get; set;} ProjectClient(string _project) { Project = _project; } } SearchClient, AnalysisClient and ClusterClient are my classes to support the respective services shown above. The problem with this approach is that ProjectClient will need to provide public methods for each of the API's exposed by SearchClient, etc... public void SearchGetStuff() { _searchclient.getStuff(); } Any suggestions how I can architect this better?

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• Semantic coupling vs. large class

  - by user106587

  I have hardware I communicate with via TCP. This hardware accepts ~40 different commands/requests with about 20 different responses. I've created a HardwareProxy class which has a TcpClient to send and receive data. I didn't like the idea of having 40 different methods to send the commands/requests, so I started down the path of having a single SendCommand method which takes an ICommand and returns an IResponse, this results in 40 different SpecificCommand classes. The problem is this requires semantic coupling, i.e. the method that invokes SendCommand receives an IResponse which it has to downcast to SpecificResponse, I use a future map which I believe ensures the appropriate SpecificResponse, but I get the impression this code smells. Besides the semantic coupling, ICommand and IResponse are essentially empty abstract classes (Marker Interfaces) and this seems suspicious to me. If I go with the 40 methods I don't think I have broken the single responisbility principle as the responsibility of the HardwareProxy class is to act as the hardware, which has all of these commands. This route is just ugly, plus I'd like to have Asynchronous versions, so there'd be about 80 methods. Is it better to bite the bullet and have a large class, accept the coupling and MarkerInterfaces for a smaller soultuion, or am I missing a better way? Thanks.

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• Making a class pseudo-immutable by setting a flag

  - by scott_fakename

  I have a java project that involves building some pretty complex objects. There are quite a lot (dozens) of different ones and some of them have a HUGE number of parameters. They also need to be immutable. So I was thinking the builder pattern would work, but it ends up require a lot of boilerplate. Another potential solution I thought of was to make a mutable class, but give it a "frozen" flag, a-la ruby. Here is a simple example: public class EqualRule extends Rule { private boolean frozen; private int target; public EqualRule() { frozen = false; } public void setTarget(int i) { if (frozen) throw new IllegalStateException( "Can't change frozen rule."); target = i; } public int getTarget() { return target; } public void freeze() { frozen = true; } @Override public boolean checkRule(int i) { return (target == i); } } and "Rule" is just an abstract class that has an abstract "checkRule" method. This cuts way down on the number of objects I need to write, while also giving me an object that becomes immutable for all intents and purposes. This kind of act like the object was its own Builder... But not quite. I'm not too excited, however, about having an immutable being disguised as a bean however. So I had two questions: 1. Before I go too far down this path, are there any huge problems that anyone sees right off the bat? For what it's worth, it is planned that this behavior will be well documented... 2. If so, is there a better solution? Thanks

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