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  • Are parametrized calls/sanitization/escaping characters necessary for hashed password fields in SQL queries?

    - by Computerish
    When writing a login system for a website, it is standard to use some combination of parameterized calls, sanitizing the user input, and/or escaping special characters to prevent SQL injection attacks. Any good login system, however, should also hash (and possibly salt) every password before it goes into an SQL query, so is it still necessary to worry about SQL injection attacks in passwords? Doesn't a hash completely eliminate any possibility of an SQL injection attack on its own?

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  • How do I set IP access / password restrictions in Apache?

    - by Mouthbreather
    I'd like to restrict access to my Rails app (running on Apache/Passenger) to just two IPs, but if the visitor doesn't fall into those two IPs, I would like for him/her to be prompted to enter a password that would allow any user with the proper credentials to access the site from anywhere. I am new to configuring Apache and would appreciate any hints. Thanks!

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  • Problem carrying Session over to other pages

    - by AAA
    I am able to login a user, but while processing to the next page (memebers area) I can't display any user info let alone print the $_SESSION[email]. I am not sure what's up. Below is the login code and the testing members are page. Login page: session_start(); //also in a real app you would get the id dynamically $sql = "select `email`, `password` from `accounts` where `email` = '$_POST[email]'"; $query = mysql_query($sql) or die ("Error: ".mysql_error()); while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($query)){ $email = $row['email']; $secret = $row['password']; //we will echo these into the proper fields } mysql_free_result($query); // Process the POST variables $email = $_POST["email"]; //Variables $_SESSION["email"] = $_POST["email"]; $secret = $info['password']; //Checks if there is a login cookie if(isset($_COOKIE['ID_my_site'])) //if there is, it logs you in and directes you to the members page { $email = $_COOKIE['ID_my_site']; $pass = $_COOKIE['Key_my_site']; $check = mysql_query("SELECT email, password FROM accounts WHERE email = '$email'")or die(mysql_error()); while($info = mysql_fetch_array( $check )) { if (@ $info['password'] != $pass) { } else { header("Location: home.php"); } } } //if the login form is submitted if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { // if form has been submitted // makes sure they filled it in if(!$_POST['email'] | !$_POST['password']) { die('You did not fill in a required field.'); } // checks it against the database if (!get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $_POST['email'] = addslashes($_POST['email']); } $check = mysql_query("SELECT email,password FROM accounts WHERE email = '".$_POST['email']."'")or die(mysql_error()); //Gives error if user dosen't exist $check2 = mysql_num_rows($check); if ($check2 == 0) { die('That user does not exist in our database. <a href=add.php>Click Here to Register</a>'); } while($info = mysql_fetch_array( $check )) //gives error if the password is wrong if (@ $_POST['password'] != $info['password']) { die('Incorrect password, please try again'); } else { // if login is ok then we add a cookie $_POST['email'] = stripslashes($_POST['email']); $hour = time() + 3600; setcookie(ID_my_site, $_POST['email'], $hour); setcookie(Key_my_site, $_POST['password'], $hour); //then redirect them to the members area header("Location: home.php"); } } } else { // if they are not logged in ?> <?php } ?> home.php session_start(); if(!isset($_SESSION['email'])) { header('Location: login_test3.php'); die('<a href="login_test3.php">Login first!</a>'); } //Variables $_SESSION["email"] = $email; print $_SESSION['name']; UPDATE Just realized the existing code gets in to the home.php file but will not echo anything. But as soon as you hit refresh the session is gone.

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  • Configuring Fed Authentication Methods in OIF / IdP

    - by Damien Carru
    In this article, I will provide examples on how to configure OIF/IdP to map OAM Authentication Schemes to Federation Authentication Methods, based on the concepts introduced in my previous entry. I will show examples for the three protocols supported by OIF: SAML 2.0 SSO SAML 1.1 SSO OpenID 2.0 Enjoy the reading! Configuration As I mentioned in my previous article, mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes is protocol dependent, since the methods are defined in the various protocols (SAML 2.0, SAML 1.1, OpenID 2.0). As such, the WLST commands to set those mappings will involve: Either the SP Partner Profile and affect all Partners referencing that profile, which do not override the Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings Or the SP Partner entry, which will only affect the SP Partner It is important to note that if an SP Partner is configured to define one or more Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings, then all the mappings defined in the SP Partner Profile will be ignored. WLST Commands The two OIF WLST commands that can be used to define mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes are: addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() to define a mapping on an SP Partner Profile, taking as parameters: The name of the SP Partner Profile The Federation Authentication Method The OAM Authentication Scheme name addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() to define a mapping on an SP Partner , taking as parameters: The name of the SP Partner The Federation Authentication Method The OAM Authentication Scheme name Note: I will discuss in a subsequent article the other parameters of those commands. In the next sections, I will show examples on how to use those methods: For SAML 2.0, I will configure the SP Partner Profile, that will apply all the mappings to SP Partners referencing this profile, unless they override mapping definition For SAML 1.1, I will configure the SP Partner. For OpenID 2.0, I will configure the SP/RP Partner SAML 2.0 Test Setup In this setup, OIF is acting as an IdP and is integrated with a remote SAML 2.0 SP partner identified by AcmeSP. In this test, I will perform Federation SSO with OIF/IdP configured to: Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Use BasicScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map BasicSessionScheme  to  the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password Federation Authentication Method Use OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to  the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport Federation Authentication Method LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme Using the OOTB settings regarding user authentication in OAM, the user will be challenged via a FORM based login page based on the LDAPScheme. Also the default Federation Authentication Method mappings configuration maps only the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport to LDAPScheme (also marked as the default scheme used for authentication), FAAuthScheme, BasicScheme and BasicFAScheme. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to: <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                   urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> BasicScheme as Authentication Scheme For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for the SP Partner Profile to BasicScheme instead of LDAPScheme. I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for the SP Partner Profile referenced by AcmeSP (which is saml20-sp-partner-profile in this case: getFedPartnerProfile("AcmeSP", "sp") ): Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "BasicScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() The user will now be challenged via HTTP Basic Authentication defined in the BasicScheme for AcmeSP. Also, as noted earlier, the default Federation Authentication Method mappings configuration maps only the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport to LDAPScheme (also marked as the default scheme used for authentication), FAAuthScheme, BasicScheme and BasicFAScheme. After authentication via HTTP Basic Authentication, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to: <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                   urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping BasicScheme To change the Federation Authentication Method mapping for the BasicScheme to urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password instead of urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport for the saml20-sp-partner-profile SAML 2.0 SP Partner Profile (the profile to which my AcmeSP Partner is bound to), I will execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password", "BasicScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via HTTP Basic Authentication, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the AuthnContextClassRef was changed from PasswordProtectedTransport to Password): <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                   urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as Authentication Scheme For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for the SP Partner Profile to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme instead of BasicScheme. I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for the SP Partner Profile referenced by AcmeSP (which is saml20-sp-partner-profile in this case: getFedPartnerProfile("AcmeSP", "sp") ): Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() The user will now be challenged via FORM defined in the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme for AcmeSP. Contrarily to LDAPScheme and BasicScheme, the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme is not mapped by default to any Federation Authentication Methods. As such, OIF/IdP will not be able to find a Federation Authentication Method and will set the method in the SAML Assertion to the OAM Authentication Scheme name. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to (see the AuthnContextClassRef set to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme): <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef> OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme To add the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme  to the Federation Authentication Method urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport mapping, I will execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to PasswordProtectedTransport): <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                   urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> SAML 1.1 Test Setup In this setup, OIF is acting as an IdP and is integrated with a remote SAML 1.1 SP partner identified by AcmeSP. In this test, I will perform Federation SSO with OIF/IdP configured to: Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Use OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to  the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport Federation Authentication Method Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map LDAPScheme to  the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport Federation Authentication Method LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme Using the OOTB settings regarding user authentication in OAM, the user will be challenged via a FORM based login page based on the LDAPScheme. Also the default Federation Authentication Method mappings configuration maps only the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password to LDAPScheme (also marked as the default scheme used for authentication), FAAuthScheme, BasicScheme and BasicFAScheme. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to: <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as Authentication Scheme For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for the SP Partner to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme instead of LDAPScheme. I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for the SP Partner: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerDefaultScheme("AcmeSP", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() The user will be challenged via FORM defined in the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme for AcmeSP. Contrarily to LDAPScheme, the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme is not mapped by default to any Federation Authentication Methods (in the SP Partner Profile). As such, OIF/IdP will not be able to find a Federation Authentication Method and will set the method in the SAML Assertion to the OAM Authentication Scheme name. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to (see the AuthenticationMethod set to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme): <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme To map the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme  to the Federation Authentication Method urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password for this SP Partner only, I will execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerAuthnMethod("AcmeSP", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to password): <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme I will now show that by defining a Federation Authentication Mapping at the Partner level, this now ignores all mappings defined at the SP Partner Profile level. For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for this SP Partner back to LDAPScheme, and the Assertion issued by OIF/IdP will not be able to map this LDAPScheme to a Federation Authentication Method anymore, since A Federation Authentication Method mapping is defined at the SP Partner level and thus the mappings defined at the SP Partner Profile are ignored The LDAPScheme is not listed in the mapping at the Partner level I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for this SP Partner: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerDefaultScheme("AcmeSP", "LDAPScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to (see the AuthenticationMethod set to LDAPScheme): <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="LDAPScheme">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping LDAPScheme at Partner Level To fix this issue, we will need to add the LDAPScheme  to the Federation Authentication Method urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password mapping for this SP Partner only. I will execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerAuthnMethod("AcmeSP", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password", "LDAPScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from LDAPScheme to password): <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> OpenID 2.0 In the OpenID 2.0 flows, the RP must request use of PAPE, in order for OIF/IdP/OP to include PAPE information. For OpenID 2.0, the configuration will involve mapping a list of OpenID 2.0 policies to a list of Authentication Schemes. The WLST command will take a list of policies, delimited by the ',' character, instead of SAML 2.0 or SAML 1.1 where a single Federation Authentication Method had to be specified. Test Setup In this setup, OIF is acting as an IdP/OP and is integrated with a remote OpenID 2.0 SP/RP partner identified by AcmeRP. In this test, I will perform Federation SSO with OIF/IdP configured to: Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map LDAPScheme to  the http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant and http://openid-policies/password-protected policies Federation Authentication Methods (the second one is a custom for this use case) LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme Using the OOTB settings regarding user authentication in OAM, the user will be challenged via a FORM based login page based on the LDAPScheme. No Federation Authentication Method is defined OOTB for OpenID 2.0, so if the IdP/OP issue an SSO response with a PAPE Response element, it will specify the scheme name instead of Federation Authentication Methods After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an SSO Response similar to: https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=LDAPScheme&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D Mapping LDAPScheme To map the LDAP Scheme to the http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant and http://openid-policies/password-protected policies Federation Authentication Methods, I will execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() method (the policies will be comma separated): Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerAuthnMethod("AcmeRP", "http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant,http://openid-policies/password-protected", "LDAPScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from LDAPScheme to the two policies): https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fpape%2Fpolicies%2F2007%2F06%2Fphishing-resistant+http%3A%2F%2Fopenid-policies%2Fpassword-protected&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D In the next article, I will cover how OIF/IdP can be configured so that an SP can request a specific Federation Authentication Method to challenge the user during Federation SSO.Cheers,Damien Carru

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  • Windows Server 2008 32 bit & windows 7 professional SP1

    - by Harry
    I'm testing my new Windows Server 2008 32 bit edition (2 servers) as a server and Windows 7 professional 32 bit as a client. Let say one is a primary domain controller (PDC) and the other is a backup domain controller (BDC) like the old time to ease. Every setup were done in the PDC and just replicate to BDC. Didn't setup anything, just install the server with AD, DNS, DHCP, that's all. Then I use my windows 7 pro 32 bit to join the domain. It worked. After that I tried to change the password of a the user (not administrator) but it always failed said it didn't meet the password complexity setup while in fact there's no setup at all either in account policy, default domain policy or even local policy. Tried to disable the password complexity in the default domain policy instead of didn't set all then test again but still failed. Browse and found suggestion to setup the minimum and maximum password age to 0 but it also failed. Tried to restart the server and the client then change password, still failed with the same error, didn't meet password complexity setup. Tried to see in the rsop.msc but didn't found anything. In fact, if I see the setup in another system with windows server 2003 and windows xp, using rsop.msc I can see there's setup for computer configuration windows settings security settings account policies password policy. I also have a windows 7 pro 32 bit in a windows server 2003 32 bit environment but unable to find the same setting using rsop but this windows 7 works fine. anyone can give suggestion what's the problem and what to do so I can change my windows 7 pro laptop password in a windows server 2008 environment? another thing, is it the right assumption that we can see all the policies setting in windows 7 whether it's in a windows server 2003 or 2008 environment? thanks.

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  • probems using ssh from cron

    - by Travis
    I am attempting to automate a script that executes commands on remote machines via ssh. I have public key authentication setup between the machines using ssh-agent. The script runs fine when executed from the command prompt. I suspect my problem is that cron isn't starting the ssh-agent due to it's minimalist environment. Here is the output when I add the -v flag to ssh: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/<user>/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 149 debug1: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed debug1: read PEM private key done: type <unknown> debug1: Trying private key: /home/<user>/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password Permission denied, please try again. debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password Permission denied, please try again. debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password). How can I make this work? Thanks!

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  • 1and1 ssh - connection refused

    - by kitensei
    I'm having troubles connecting through SSH to my 1&1 account. When I try to connect with command userXXX@host -p22 -vv I have the following output: OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to mySite.com [ip_here] port 22. debug1: connect to address ip_here port 22: Connection refused Moreover, once I try to connect through SSH and it fails, even the HTTP access is dead, I cannot access the website through explorer anymore :/ please help < I'm running ubuntu 11.10 EDIT: don't know if it can help, here's the .htaccess of the 1and1 server Options +Indexes Satisfy any Order Deny,Allow Allow from 212.227.X.X Deny from all RemoveType .html .gif AuthType Basic AuthName "Access to /logs" AuthUserFile /kunden/homepages/43/d376072470/htpasswd Require user "user_here" and sftp.log: Mar 26 09:21:24 193.251.X USER_HERE Connection from 193.251.X port 51809 Mar 26 09:21:30 193.251.X USER_HERE Failed password for USER_HERE from 193.251.X port 51809 ssh2 Mar 26 09:23:39 193.251.X USER_HERE Failed password for USER_HERE from 193.251.X port 51809 ssh2 Mar 26 09:23:41 193.251.X USER_HERE Failed password for USER_HERE from 193.251.X port 51809 ssh2 Mar 26 09:23:45 193.251.X USER_HERE Failed password for USER_HERE from 193.251.X port 51809 ssh2 Mar 26 09:23:57 193.251.X USER_HERE Failed password for USER_HERE from 193.251.X port 51809 ssh2 Mar 26 10:53:36 212.227.X tmp64459736-3228 Connection from 212.227.X port 23275 Mar 26 10:53:36 212.227.X tmp64459736-3228 Accepted password for tmp64459736-3228 from 212.227.X port 23275 ssh2 Mar 26 11:53:37 212.227.X tmp64459736-3228 Connection closed by 212.227.X Mar 26 18:58:17 212.227.X tmp64459736-5363 Connection from 212.227.X port 23353 Mar 26 18:58:17 212.227.X tmp64459736-5363 Accepted password for tmp64459736-5363 from 212.227.X port 23353 ssh2 Mar 26 19:53:36 212.227.X tmp64459736-8525 Connection from 212.227.X port 5166 Mar 26 19:53:36 212.227.X tmp64459736-8525 Accepted password for tmp64459736-8525 from 212.227.X port 5166 ssh2 Mar 26 19:58:17 212.227.X tmp64459736-5363 Connection closed by 212.227.X

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  • Using IIS6 to run kill process. Executable hangs

    - by David
    I'm using the following code (any tried many variations) in a web page that is supposed to kill a process on the server: Process scriptProc = new Process(); SecureString password = new SecureString(); password.AppendChar('p'); password.AppendChar('s'); password.AppendChar('s'); password.AppendChar('w'); password.AppendChar('d'); scriptProc.StartInfo.UserName = "mylocaluser"; scriptProc.StartInfo.Password = password; scriptProc.StartInfo.FileName = @"C:\WINDOWS\System32\WScript.exe"; scriptProc.StartInfo.Arguments = @"c:\windows\system32\killMyApp.vbs"; scriptProc.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; scriptProc.Start(); scriptProc.WaitForExit(); scriptProc.Close(); The VBS file is supposed to kill a w3wp.exe process, but never works. There are no errors in the application log. It works locally. I noticed WScript.exe is in task manager every time I run the page, and never goes away. The process WScript.exe (and I tried others such a psexec.exe) is being run as a local user with admin rights (and I tried other types of users including domain admins) when run from IIS, but it works when run from the command line on the server.

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  • Active Directory: how to be SURE users can change their own passwords?

    - by Latro
    Working on some project where a tool we have has to authenticate against AD connecting via LDAPS and perform password changes if required or requested. IN THEORY, the tool does that, and we have seen it work in other projects. IN PRACTICE, against this particular directory, it fails. Been driving me crazy. The particulars of the situation: Windows 2003 AD Defined a "technical user" for the LDAP connection with rights to change users passwords When password change is required - in this case, because pwdLastSet is 0 - the tool uses the technical account to go, bind to the controller and change the user password. If password change is not required but the user request it, then the bind is done with the user account. That last condition is the one that doesnt work. With the technical user the password change is possible, but with the user itself, it isnt. We get an error like this: LDAP access failed: javax.naming.directory.InvalidAttributeValueException: [LDAP: error code 19 - 0000052D: AtrErr: DSID-03190F00, #1: 0: 0000052D: DSID-03190F00, problem 1005 (CONSTRAINT_ATT_TYPE), data 0, Att 9005a (unicodePwd) no idea what DSID-03190F00 means cause it doesnt seem to be anywhere in google :-/ Been looking at several MS documentation pages and frankly, I'm not understanding one bit of it. There is some "control access right" called User-Change-Password that may, or may not, control what objects have the right to change their own password, which may, or may not, have to do with ACE and ACLs... There is GPO. There is maybe the password policy but it is only set to ask for passwords of 6 chars or more... Can anybody explain to me in easy-to-check steps how can I go and tell the AD admin guy (who is as lost as me) what to do to ensure that users in the AD directory (objectClass top,person,organizationalPerson and user) are able to change their own passwords by themselves? Thanks in advance

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  • Exchange 2003: Accounts with only OWA access unable to change passwords when expired or forced

    - by radioactive21
    We have accounts whith only OWA access, because they are generic accounts and we do not want the accounts to be used as machine logins. We have a password policy that users must change their passwords every 6 months. The problem we are having is that since the accounts are not loging into the machines, when the password policy kicks in it is preventing users with OWA only access from changing their password. Also, when we select "User must change the password at next logon" it also causes the same issue. We have two exchange servers the main one and a front end one. what we have been doing with these generic account is in properties, under the "account" tab we restricted "log on to" to the front end server. Just to clarify, when we have no restrictions, users can change their passwords via the web without any issues. It is only when we force them to only login via OWA that they cant change passwords. I tried adding our domain controler and main exchange server to the "This user can log on to The following computers" in the account tab, but still it is not allowing them to change passwords. Currently I have to manually reset the passwords for OWA only accounts. Is there anyway to allow OWA acconts to change passwords? EDIT: Users restricted to only OWA can change their password via the web browser without any issues when there are no restrictions. In other words normally they can just log into outlook via the web and change their password, but when the password policy expires or we force them to change their password at next login, they are unable to.

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  • Ruby - encrypted_strings

    - by Tom Andersen
    A bit of a Ruby newbie here - should be an easy question: I want to use the encrypted_strings gem to create a password encrypted string: (from http://rdoc.info/projects/pluginaweek/encrypted_strings) Question is: Everything works fine, but how come I don't need the password to decrypt the string? Say I want to store the string somewhere for a while,like the session. Is the password also stored with it? (which would seem very strange?). And no, I'm not planning on using 'secret-key' or any similar hack as a password. I am planning on dynamically generating a class variable @@password using a uuid, which I don't store other than in memory, and can change from one running of the program to the next. Symmetric: >> password = 'shhhh' => "shhhh" >> crypted_password = password.encrypt(:symmetric, :password => 'secret_key') => "qSg8vOo6QfU=\n" >> crypted_password.class => String >> crypted_password == 'shhhh' => true >> password = crypted_password.decrypt => "shhhh"

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  • Using pam_python in a script running with mod_python

    - by markys
    Hi ! I would like to develop a web interface to allow users of a Linux system to do certain tasks related to their account. I decided to write the backend of the site using Python and mod_python on Apache. To authenticate the users, I thought I could use python_pam to query the PAM service. I adapted the example bundled with the module and got this: # out is the output stream used to print debug def auth(username, password, out): def pam_conv(aut, query_list, user_data): out.write("Query list: " + str(query_list) + "\n") # List to store the responses to the different queries resp = [] for item in query_list: query, qtype = item # If PAM asks for an input, give the password if qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON or qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF: resp.append((str(password), 0)) elif qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_ERROR_MSG or qtype == PAM.PAM_PROMPT_TEXT_INFO: resp.append(('', 0)) out.write("Our response: " + str(resp) + "\n") return resp # If username of password is undefined, fail if username is None or password is None: return False service = 'login' pam_ = PAM.pam() pam_.start(service) # Set the username pam_.set_item(PAM.PAM_USER, str(username)) # Set the conversation callback pam_.set_item(PAM.PAM_CONV, pam_conv) try: pam_.authenticate() pam_.acct_mgmt() except PAM.error, resp: out.write("Error: " + str(resp) + "\n") return False except: return False # If we get here, the authentication worked return True My problem is that this function does not behave the same wether I use it in a simple script or through mod_python. To illustrate this, I wrote these simple cases: my_username = "markys" my_good_password = "lalala" my_bad_password = "lololo" def handler(req): req.content_type = "text/plain" req.write("1- " + str(auth(my_username,my_good_password,req) + "\n")) req.write("2- " + str(auth(my_username,my_bad_password,req) + "\n")) return apache.OK if __name__ == "__main__": print "1- " + str(auth(my_username,my_good_password,sys.__stdout__)) print "2- " + str(auth(my_username,my_bad_password,sys.__stdout__)) The result from the script is : Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lalala', 0)] 1- True Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lololo', 0)] Error: ('Authentication failure', 7) 2- False but the result from mod_python is : Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lalala', 0)] Error: ('Authentication failure', 7) 1- False Query list: [('Password: ', 1)] Our response: [('lololo', 0)] Error: ('Authentication failure', 7) 2- False I don't understand why the auth function does not return the same value given the same inputs. Any idea where I got this wrong ? Here is the original script, if that could help you. Thanks a lot !

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  • BCrypt says long, similar passwords are equivalent - problem with me, the gem, or the field of crypt

    - by PreciousBodilyFluids
    I've been experimenting with BCrypt, and found the following. If it matters, I'm running ruby 1.9.2dev (2010-04-30 trunk 27557) [i686-linux] require 'bcrypt' # bcrypt-ruby gem, version 2.1.2 @long_string_1 = 'f287ed6548e91475d06688b481ae8612fa060b2d402fdde8f79b7d0181d6a27d8feede46b833ecd9633b10824259ebac13b077efb7c24563fce0000670834215' @long_string_2 = 'f6ebeea9b99bcae4340670360674482773a12fd5ef5e94c7db0a42800813d2587063b70660294736fded10217d80ce7d3b27c568a1237e2ca1fecbf40be5eab8' def salted(string) @long_string_1 + string + @long_string_2 end encrypted_password = BCrypt::Password.create(salted('password'), :cost => 10) puts encrypted_password #=> $2a$10$kNMF/ku6VEAfLFEZKJ.ZC.zcMYUzvOQ6Dzi6ZX1UIVPUh5zr53yEu password = BCrypt::Password.new(encrypted_password) puts password.is_password?(salted('password')) #=> true puts password.is_password?(salted('passward')) #=> true puts password.is_password?(salted('75747373')) #=> true puts password.is_password?(salted('passwor')) #=> false At first I thought that once the passwords got to a certain length, the dissimilarities would just be lost in all the hashing, and only if they were very dissimilar (i.e. a different length) would they be recognized as different. That didn't seem very plausible to me, from what I know of hash functions, but I didn't see a better explanation. Then, I tried shortening each of the long_strings to see where BCrypt would start being able to tell them apart, and I found that if I shortened each of the long strings to 100 characters or so, the final attempt ('passwor') would start returning true as well. So now I don't know what to think. What's the explanation for this?

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  • Rails dealing with blank params at controller level

    - by stephenmurdoch
    I have a User model: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_secure_password # validation lets users update accounts without entering password validates :password, presence: { on: :create }, allow_blank: { on: :update } validates :password_confirmation, presence: { if: :password_digest_changed? } end I also have a password_reset_controller: def update # this is emailed to the user by the create action - not shown @user=User.find_by_password_reset_token!(params[:id]) if @user.update_attributes(params[:user]) # user is signed in if password and confirmation pass validations sign_in @user redirect_to root_url, :notice => "Password has been reset." else flash.now[:error] = "Something went wrong, please try again." render :edit end end Can you see the problem here? A user can submit a blank a password/confirmation and rails will sign them in, because the User model allows blank on update. It's not a security concern, since an attacker would still need access to a user's email account before they could get anywhere near this action, but my problem is that a user submitting 6 blank chars would be signed in, and their password would not be changed for them, which could lead to confusion later on. So, I've come up with the following solution, and I'd like to check if there's a better way of doing it, before I push to production: def update @user=User.find_by_password_reset_token!(params[:id]) # if user submits blank password, add an error, and render edit action if params[:user][:password].blank? @user.errors.add(:password_digest, "can't be blank.") render :edit elsif @user.update_attributes(params[:user]) sign_in @user redirect_to root_url, :notice => "Password has been reset." else flash.now[:error] = "Something went wrong, please try again." render :edit end end Should I be checking for nil as well as blank? Are there any rails patterns or idiomatic ruby techniques for solving this? [Fwiw, I've got required: true on the html inputs, but want this handled server side too.]

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  • Mpd as pppoe server with authorisation by freeradius2

    - by Korjavin Ivan
    I install freeradius2, add to raddb/users: test Cleartext-Password := "test1" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 10.36.0.2, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, start radiusd, and check auth: radtest test test1 127.0.0.1 1002 testing123 Sending Access-Request of id 199 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "test" User-Password = "test1" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 NAS-Port = 1002 Message-Authenticator = 0x00000000000000000000000000000000 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 1812, id=199, length=44 Service-Type = Framed-User Framed-Protocol = PPP Framed-IP-Address = 10.36.0.2 Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0 Works fine. Next step. Add to mpd.conf: radius: set auth disable internal set auth max-logins 1 CI set auth enable radius-auth set radius timeout 90 set radius retries 2 set radius server 127.0.0.1 testing123 1812 1813 set radius me 127.0.0.1 create link template L pppoe set link action bundle B set link max-children 1000 set link no multilink set link no shortseq set link no pap chap-md5 chap-msv1 chap-msv2 set link enable chap set pppoe acname Internet load radius create link template em1 L set pppoe iface em1 set link enable incoming And trying to connect, auth failed, here is mpd log: mpd: [em1-2] LCP: auth: peer wants nothing, I want CHAP mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: sending CHALLENGE #1 len: 21 mpd: [em1-2] LCP: LayerUp mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: rec'd RESPONSE #1 len: 58 mpd: [em1-2] Name: "test" mpd: [em1-2] AUTH: Trying RADIUS mpd: [em1-2] RADIUS: Authenticating user 'test' mpd: [em1-2] RADIUS: Rec'd RAD_ACCESS_REJECT for user 'test' mpd: [em1-2] AUTH: RADIUS returned: failed mpd: [em1-2] AUTH: ran out of backends mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: Auth return status: failed mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: Reply message: ^AE=691 R=1 mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: sending FAILURE #1 len: 14 mpd: [em1-2] LCP: authorization failed Then i start freeradius as radiusd -fX, and get this log: rad_recv: Access-Request packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 46400, id=223, length=282 NAS-Identifier = "rubin.svyaz-nt.ru" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 Message-Authenticator = 0x14d36639bed8074ec2988118125367ea Acct-Session-Id = "815965-em1-2" NAS-Port = 2 NAS-Port-Type = Ethernet Service-Type = Framed-User Framed-Protocol = PPP Calling-Station-Id = "00e05290b3e3 / 00:e0:52:90:b3:e3 / em1" NAS-Port-Id = "em1" Vendor-12341-Attr-12 = 0x656d312d32 Tunnel-Medium-Type:0 = IEEE-802 Tunnel-Client-Endpoint:0 = "00:e0:52:90:b3:e3" User-Name = "test" MS-CHAP-Challenge = 0xbb1e68d5bbc30f228725a133877de83e MS-CHAP2-Response = 0x010088746ae65b68e435e9d045ad6f9569b60000000000000000b56991b4f20704cb6c68e5982eec5e98a7f4b470c109c1b9 # Executing section authorize from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group authorize {...} ++[preprocess] returns ok ++[chap] returns noop [mschap] Found MS-CHAP attributes. Setting 'Auth-Type = mschap' ++[mschap] returns ok [eap] No EAP-Message, not doing EAP ++[eap] returns noop [files] users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 172 ++[files] returns ok Found Auth-Type = MSCHAP # Executing group from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group MS-CHAP {...} [mschap] No Cleartext-Password configured. Cannot create LM-Password. [mschap] No Cleartext-Password configured. Cannot create NT-Password. [mschap] Creating challenge hash with username: test [mschap] Client is using MS-CHAPv2 for test, we need NT-Password [mschap] FAILED: No NT/LM-Password. Cannot perform authentication. [mschap] FAILED: MS-CHAP2-Response is incorrect ++[mschap] returns reject Failed to authenticate the user. Login incorrect: [test] (from client localhost port 2 cli 00e05290b3e3 / 00:e0:52:90:b3:e3 / em1) Using Post-Auth-Type REJECT # Executing group from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group REJECT {...} [attr_filter.access_reject] expand: %{User-Name} -> test attr_filter: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 11 ++[attr_filter.access_reject] returns updated Delaying reject of request 2 for 1 seconds Going to the next request Waking up in 0.9 seconds. Sending delayed reject for request 2 Sending Access-Reject of id 223 to 127.0.0.1 port 46400 MS-CHAP-Error = "\001E=691 R=1" Why i have error "[mschap] No Cleartext-Password configured. Cannot create LM-Password." ? I define cleartext-password in users. I check raddb/sites-enabled/default authorize { chap mschap eap { ok = return } files } looks ok for me. Whats wrong with mpd/chap/radius ?

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  • SSH error: Permission denied, please try again

    - by Kamal
    I am new to ubuntu. Hence please forgive me if the question is too simple. I have a ubuntu server setup using amazon ec2 instance. I need to connect my desktop (which is also a ubuntu machine) to the ubuntu server using SSH. I have installed open-ssh in ubuntu server. I need all systems of my network to connect the ubuntu server using SSH (no need to connect through pem or pub keys). Hence opened SSH port 22 for my static IP in security groups (AWS). My SSHD-CONFIG file is: # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords #PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM yes Through webmin (Command shell), I have created a new user named 'senthil' and added this new user to 'sudo' group. sudo adduser -y senthil sudo adduser senthil sudo I tried to login using this new user 'senthil' in 'webmin'. I was able to login successfully. When I tried to connect ubuntu server from my terminal through SSH, ssh senthil@SERVER_IP It asked me to enter password. After the password entry, it displayed: Permission denied, please try again. On some research I realized that, I need to monitor my server's auth log for this. I got the following error in my auth log (/var/log/auth.log) Jul 2 09:38:07 ip-192-xx-xx-xxx sshd[3037]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=MY_CLIENT_IP user=senthil Jul 2 09:38:09 ip-192-xx-xx-xxx sshd[3037]: Failed password for senthil from MY_CLIENT_IP port 39116 ssh2 When I tried to debug using: ssh -v senthil@SERVER_IP OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to SERVER_IP [SERVER_IP] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: identity file {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA {SERVER_HOST_KEY} debug1: Host 'SERVER_IP' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in {MY-WORKSPACE}/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: password debug1: Next authentication method: password senthil@SERVER_IP's password: debug1: Authentications that can continue: password Permission denied, please try again. senthil@SERVER_IP's password: For password, I have entered the same value which I normally use for 'ubuntu' user. Can anyone please guide me where the issue is and suggest some solution for this issue?

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  • Creating a secure SQL server login - CHECK_EXPIRATION & CHECK_POLICY

    - by cabhilash
    In SQL Server you can create users using T-SQL or using the options provided by SQL Server Management Studio.   CREATE LOGIN sql_user WITH PASSWORD ='sql_user_password' MUST_CHANGE, DEFAULT_DATABASE = defDB, CHECK_EXPIRATION = ON, CHECK_POLICY = ONAs mentioned in the previous article (http://weblogs.asp.net/cabhilash/archive/2010/04/07/login-failed-for-user-sa-because-the-account-is-currently-locked-out-the-system-administrator-can-unlock-it.aspx) when CHECK_POLICY = ON user account follows the password rules provided in the system on which the SQL server is installed. When MUST_CHANGE keyword is used user is forced to change the password when he/she tries to login for the first time. CHECK_EXPIRATION and CHECK_POLICY are only enforced on Windows Server 2003 and later. If you want to turn off the password expiration enforcement or security policy enforcement, you can do by using the following statements. (But these wont work if you have created your login with MUST_CHANGE and user didn't change the default password) ALTER LOGIN sql_login WITH CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF go ALTER LOGIN sql_login WITH CHECK_POLICY = OFF

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  • Authentication failure!

    - by veera
    At the time of installation i gave login password and that was the login keyring password and authentication password.. then once in user accounts-login options in dat for password options i set as none and then i locked.. after that the passwd which i gave at the time of installation remained as login keyring passwd but wen i entered that passwd for authentication while installing some packages it's showing authentication failure.pls try again.. so i couldnt download any packages or updates.. is there any possibilities to change/reset the authentication password.. pls help me..

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  • Would you consider using training/mentoring from LearnersParadise.com?

    - by HK1
    My initial question deserves some explanation. I signed up for an account at learnersparadise.com. After signing up I couldn't login so I opted to use their "send password" feature. Upon receiving my password in my email I confirmed two things A) They trimmed off 2 of the last digits of my 10-digit password without informing me and saved it that way in their database B) my password is not saved in their database using a one-way hash since they were able to email me my password. I'm quite certain that both of these are perfectly awful programming practices. I suspect that the mentors/trainers at learnersparadise are not necessarily affiliated with the website and it's design since they are basically people like you and me (hopefully more skill than me) who have signed up to become mentors. However, I'm still uncertain about signing up for training/mentoring at a site that uses such poor programming practices themselves? Would you let learnersparadise poor programming practices affect your opinion of their trainers/mentors?

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  • tomcat6 manager

    - by Bary W Pollack
    I've just installed Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Server with LAMP support. Tomcat6 seems to run ok. But, I am unable to get into the manager-webapp... I've updated the tomcat-users.xml file: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <tomcat-users> <role rolename="tomcat"/> <role rolename="role1"/> <role rolename="manager"/> <role rolename="admin"/> <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,manager,admin"/> <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/> <user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/> <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager,admin"/> </tomcat-users> But, no matter what I try, it keeps rejecting my username/password combo. What might I be missing?

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  • How to execute? [closed]

    - by Viswa
    Possible Duplicate: how to read the password from variable? I did the below code in my python script,but its not work. #! /usr/bin/python import os address = "rsync -avrz [email protected]:/opt/script/python/data/ /opt/script/python/data/" passwd ="my server password" os.system('%(address)s "echo %(passwd)s"' %locals()) it throws below error. If arg is a remote file/dir, prefix it with a colon (:). rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1236) [Receiver=3.0.7] If i run os.system('%(address)s' %locals()) means it work without any error but it ask password. I need that password should be read from my passwd variable. How to write python script to read server password from my variable.

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