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  • C: writing the following code into functions

    - by donok
    Dear respected programmers. Please could you help me (again) on how to put the following code into functions for my program. I have read on-line and understand how functions work but when I do it myself it all goes pear shaped/wrong(I am such a noob). Please could you help with how to for example to write the code below into functions.(like opening the input file). My attempt: void outputFile(int argc, char **argv) { /* Check that the output file doesnt exist */ if (stat(argv[argc-1], &inode) != -1) { printf("Warning: The file %s already exists. Not going to overwrite\n", argv[argc-1]); return -1; } /*Opening ouput files*/ file_desc_out = open(argv[i],O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL , S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); if(file_desc_out == -1) { printf("Error: %s cannot be opened. \n",argv[i]); //insted of argv[2] have pointer i. return -1; } } Any help on how I would now reference to this in my program is appreciated thank you. I tried: ouputfile(but I cant figure out what goes here and why either).

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  • Sorting a list of numbers with modified cost

    - by David
    First, this was one of the four problems we had to solve in a project last year and I couldn’t find a suitable algorithm so we handle in a brute force solution. Problem: The numbers are in a list that is not sorted and supports only one type of operation. The operation is defined as follows: Given a position i and a position j the operation moves the number at position i to position j without altering the relative order of the other numbers. If i j, the positions of the numbers between positions j and i - 1 increment by 1, otherwise if i < j the positions of the numbers between positions i+1 and j decreases by 1. This operation requires i steps to find a number to move and j steps to locate the position to which you want to move it. Then the number of steps required to move a number of position i to position j is i+j. We need to design an algorithm that given a list of numbers, determine the optimal (in terms of cost) sequence of moves to rearrange the sequence. Attempts: Part of our investigation was around NP-Completeness, we make it a decision problem and try to find a suitable transformation to any of the problems listed in Garey and Johnson’s book: Computers and Intractability with no results. There is also no direct reference (from our point of view) to this kind of variation in Donald E. Knuth’s book: The art of Computer Programing Vol. 3 Sorting and Searching. We also analyzed algorithms to sort linked lists but none of them gives a good idea to find de optimal sequence of movements. Note that the idea is not to find an algorithm that orders the sequence, but one to tell me the optimal sequence of movements in terms of cost that organizes the sequence, you can make a copy and sort it to analyze the final position of the elements if you want, in fact we may assume that the list contains the numbers from 1 to n, so we know where we want to put each number, we are just concerned with minimizing the total cost of the steps. We tested several greedy approaches but all of them failed, divide and conquer sorting algorithms can’t be used because they swap with no cost portions of the list and our dynamic programing approaches had to consider many cases. The brute force recursive algorithm takes all the possible combinations of movements from i to j and then again all the possible moments of the rest of the element’s, at the end it returns the sequence with less total cost that sorted the list, as you can imagine the cost of this algorithm is brutal and makes it impracticable for more than 8 elements. Our observations: n movements is not necessarily cheaper than n+1 movements (unlike swaps in arrays that are O(1)). There are basically two ways of moving one element from position i to j: one is to move it directly and the other is to move other elements around i in a way that it reaches the position j. At most you make n-1 movements (the untouched element reaches its position alone). If it is the optimal sequence of movements then you didn’t move the same element twice.

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  • overflow technique in stack

    - by metashockwave
    int main(void) { problem2(); } void doit2(void) { int overflowme[16]; //overflowme[37] =0; } void problem2(void) { int x = 42; doit2(); printf("x is %d\n", x); printf("the address of x is 0x%x\n", &x); } Would someone help me understand why overflowme[37] =0; from the doit2 function will overwrite the value of x? (please include Program Counter and Frame Pointer of the function doit2 in your explanation) Thank you! It works every time with Project properties-Configuration properties-C/C++ -Code Generation-Basic Runtime Checks set to "Default". so it's not an undefined behavior.

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  • Working with Java using methods and arrays [closed]

    - by jordan
    Hi i'm a newb at java and for one of my labs I have to create a instant messenger client with these requirements: add buddyList instance variable add IMClient constructor to create ArrayList addBuddy method removeBuddy method findBuddy method printBuddyList method what's the best way to go about this? so far I have this: public class IMClient { private String userId; // User id private String password; // Password private int status; // Status code for user: 1 - Online, 2 - Off-line, 3 - Away public IMClient(String userId, String password, int status) { super(); this.userId = userId; this.password = password; this.status = status; } // Returns true if password as a parameter matches password instance variable. public boolean checkPassword(String password) { return this.password.equals(password); } public String toString() { StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(100); buf.append(" User id: "); buf.append(userId); buf.append(" Password: "); buf.append(password); buf.append(" Status: "); buf.append(status); return buf.toString(); } public String getUserId() { return userId; } public void setUserId(String userId) { this.userId = userId; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public int getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(int status) { this.status = status; } public static void main(String[] args) { } }

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  • Counting number of times an item occurs in a linked list

    - by HanaCHaN92
    Here is the assignment: Here's the assignment: Implement a method countValue() that counts the number of times an item occurs in a linked list. Remember to use the STL list. int countValue(list front, const int item); Generate 20 random numbers in the range of 0 to 4, and insert each number in the linked list. Output the list by using a method which you would call writeLinkedList which you would add to the ListP.cpp. In a loop, call the method countValue() , and display the number of occurrences of each value from 0 to 4 in the list. Remember that all the above is to be included in the file ListP.ccp Run: 2 3 4 0 1 0 2 4 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 0 0 2 0 2 0 : 5, 1 : 1, 2 : 5, 3 : 6, 4 : 3 and here is what I have so far: #include<iostream> #include<list> #include<tchar.h> int countValue(list<int> front, const int item); using namespace std; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){ list<int> front; int listCount; cout << "Enter the size of the list: "; cin >> listCount; for (int i = 1; i <= listCount; i++) front.insert(rand()%5); cout << "Original List of Values: " << endl; //writeLinkedList(front, " "); cout << endl; for(int j=0;j<5;++j) cout << countValue (front,j) << endl; cout << endl; return 0; } int countValue(list<int> front, const int item) { int count0; int count1; int count2; int count3; int count4; list<int> *List; for(list<int>::iterator i = front.begin(); i != front.end(); i++) { if(List->item == 0) { count0++; } if(List->item == 1) { count1++; } if(List->item == 2) { count2++; } if(List->item == 3) { count2++; }if(List->item == 4) { count4++; } } } And here are the errors: error C2065: 'list' : undeclared identifier line 5 error C2062: type 'int' unexpected line 5 error C2661: 'std::list<_Ty>::insert' : no overloaded function takes 1 arguments line 16 error C3861: 'countValue': identifier not found line 21 IntelliSense: no instance of overloaded function "std::list<_Ty, _Ax>::insert [with _Ty=int, _Ax=std::allocator<int>]" matches the argument list line 16 IntelliSense: too few arguments in function call line 16 error C2039: 'item': is not a member of 'std::list<_Ty>' lines 34, 38, 42, 46, 49 IntelliSense: declaration is incompatible with "int countValue" (declared at line 5) line 25 IntelliSense: class "std::list<int, std:: allocator<int>>" has no member "item" lines 34, 38, 42, 46, 49 I just want to know what I've done wrong and how to fix it and also if someone could help me figure out if I'm doing the countValue function wrong or not based on the instructions I would really appreciate it. I've read the chapter in our textbook several times, looked up tutorials on youtube and on Dream in Code, and still I can not figure this out. All helpful information is appreciated!

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  • JAX-B annotations for elements that inherit from a parent

    - by AlexM
    When adding JAX-B Java annotations for Java classes - if I have a parent Class Entry, with two children, Book and JournalArticle, Would I add these annotations for all three classes: @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement ie: @XmlSeeAlso({au.com.library.Book.class, au.com.library.JournalArticle.class}) @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement public abstract class Entry implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = -1895155325179947581L; @XmlElement(name="title") protected String title; @XmlElement(name="author") protected String author; @XmlElement(name="year") protected int year; and @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement public class Book extends Entry { @XmlElement(name="edition") private String edition; @XmlElement(name="publisher") private String publisher; @XmlElement(name="placeOfPublication") private String placeOfPub; and @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlRootElement public class JournalArticle extends Entry { @XmlElement(name="journalTitle") private String journalTitle; @XmlElement(name="volume") private String volume; @XmlElement(name="issue") private String issue; @XmlElement(name="pageNumbers") private String pgNumbers;

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  • C# Freq. Table with Random Values

    - by Sef
    Hello, I am trying to write a frequency program that will represent a bar diagram (in console code). The problem is i have no idea how exactly to caculate this frequency or how do i exactly then give the bars different heights according to there frequency (trough calculation). The frequency height is capped at 21. (meaning the bars go from 1 to 21, so the max bar height would be for example 21 stars(* as display sign for the bar itself). A calculation i have so far (although not sure if correct) for frequency: This array takes the random values generated: for (int j = 0; j < T.Length; j++) { T[j] = (MaxHeight* T[j]) / Ber.GreatestElement(T); Console.Write("{0,7}", T[j]); } This results in values between 0 and 21 -- Based on the values my bars should give a certain height compared to all the other frequency values. (for example 8000 could have 21 in height where 39 could have 1). To represent this diagram i used 2 for loops to display height and width (keep in mind i only wish to use Using System; to keep it to the "basics"). for (int height= 1; height<= 21; height++) { for (int width= 0; width<= 10; width++) { if(...??) { Console.Write("{0,7}", bar); // string bar= ("*"); } else { Console.Write("{0,7}", empty); } } Console.WriteLine(); } So so far i have a entire field filled with * and the random values generated along with their frequency value (although i have no idea if the freq value is properly calculated). I assume i need a if (.....) in the second for but i cannot seem to get further then this. Thanks in advance!

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  • Mathmatic errors in basic C++ program

    - by Heather
    I am working with a basic C++ program to determine the area and perimeter of a rectangle. My program works fine for whole numbers but falls apart when I use any number with a decimal. I get the impression that I am leaving something out, but since I'm a complete beginner, I have no idea what. Below is the source: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // Declared variables int length; // declares variable for length int width; // declares variable for width int area; // declares variable for area int perimeter; // declares variable for perimeter // Statements cout << "Enter the length and the width of the rectangle: "; // states what information to enter cin >> length >> width; // user input of length and width cout << endl; // closes the input area = length * width; // calculates area of rectangle perimeter = 2 * (length + width); //calculates perimeter of rectangle cout << "The area of the rectangle = " << area << " square units." <<endl; // displays the calculation of the area cout << "The perimeter of the rectangle = " << perimeter << " units." << endl; // displays the calculation of the perimeter system ("pause"); // REMOVE BEFORE RELEASE - testing purposes only return 0; }

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  • How do I add an object to a binary tree based on the value of a member variable?

    - by Max
    How can I get a specific value from an object? I'm trying to get a value of an instance for eg. ListOfPpl newListOfPpl = new ListOfPpl(id, name, age); Object item = newListOfPpl; How can I get a value of name from an Object item?? Even if it is easy or does not interest you can anyone help me?? Edited: I was trying to build a binary tree contains the node of ListOfPpl, and need to sort it in the lexicographic. Here's my code for insertion on the node. Any clue?? public void insert(Object item){ Node current = root; Node follow = null; if(!isEmpty()){ root = new Node(item, null, null); return; }boolean left = false, right = false; while(current != null){ follow = current; left = false; right = false; //I need to compare and sort it if(item.compareTo(current.getFighter()) < 0){ current = current.getLeft(); left = true; }else { current = current.getRight(); right = true; } }if(left) follow.setLeft(new Node(item, null, null)); else follow.setRight(new Node(item, null, null)); }

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  • How to turn this simple 10 digit hex number back into 8 digits?

    - by Babil
    The algorithm to convert input 8 digit hex number into 10 digit are following: Given that the 8 digit number is: '12 34 56 78' x1 = 1 * 16^8 * 2^3 x2 = 2 * 16^7 * 2^2 x3 = 3 * 16^6 * 2^1 x4 = 4 * 16^4 * 2^4 x5 = 5 * 16^3 * 2^3 x6 = 6 * 16^2 * 2^2 x7 = 7 * 16^1 * 2^1 x8 = 8 * 16^0 * 2^0 Final 10 digit hex is: = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 = '08 86 42 98 E8' The problem is - how to go back to 8 digit hex from a given 10 digit hex (for example: 08 86 42 98 E8 to 12 34 56 78) Some sample input and output are following: input output 11 11 11 11 08 42 10 84 21 22 22 33 33 10 84 21 8C 63 AB CD 12 34 52 D8 D0 88 64 45 78 96 32 21 4E 84 98 62 FF FF FF FF 7B DE F7 BD EF

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  • Java - Counting how many characters show up in another string

    - by Vu Châu
    I am comparing two strings, in Java, to see how many characters from the first string show up in the second string. The following is some expectations: matchingChars("AC", "BA") ? 1 matchingChars("ABBA", "B") ? 2 matchingChars("B", "ABBA") ? 1 My approach is as follows: public int matchingChars(String str1, String str2) { int count = 0; for (int a = 0; a < str1.length(); a++) { for (int b = 0; b < str2.length(); b++) { char str1Char = str1.charAt(a); char str2Char = str2.charAt(b); if (str1Char == str2Char) { count++; str1 = str1.replace(str1Char, '0'); } } } return count; } I know my approach is not the best, but I think it should do it. However, for matchingChars("ABBA", "B") ? 2 My code yields "1" instead of "2". Does anyone have any suggestion or advice? Thank you very much.

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  • Java Sql Udate error, data type missmatch

    - by codo
    I have created a table in ms access. I have set the data type of ID to Auto Number in MS-access. In java when I try to update a record. the netBeans IDE gives me the error of " data type missmatch in criteria expression". But when I changed the ID number that was not in the table already it works well. The code is below. String sql = "Update table1 set price ='" + txtPrice.getText() + "', quantity='" + txtQuantity.getText() + "', description='" + txtDescription.getText() + "' where id= " + txtid.getText() + ""; try { pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql); pst.executeUpdate(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Updated"); UpdateJTable(); } catch (Exception e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, e); }

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  • How to run a .class file in Windows 7 OS?

    - by jNoob
    Hi, This is probably a stupid question, but how do I run a class file on windows 7? I usually create my own .java files and then use a basic IDE (with JDK6) to compile it to a class and run it automatically. My professor gave a .class file that we are supposed to play with extensively but I have no idea how to to run it here. Note that I cannot run it by typing: java classname.class because it contains gui stuff especially buttons and such. If I do the above I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Test1/2/class Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Test1.2.class at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source) Could not find the main class: Test1.2.class. Program will exit. Exception in thread "main" Any help would be highly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Errors not printing correctly..Is this logic flow correct? c++

    - by igor
    Example user input: PA1 9 //correct PJ1 9 //wrong, error printed "Invalid row" because it is not between A and I PA11 9 //wrong, error printer "Invalid column" because it is not between 1 and 9. The problem I am having is that it should clear the remaining input and then ask for the user to enter the "move" again, and it is not. Where did I go wrong? I've been at it for a while and still got no progress.. void clearInput() { cin.clear(); } bool getCoords(int & x, int & y) { char row; while(true){ cin>>row>>y; row=toupper(row); if(/*(id=='P' || id=='p' || id=='D' || id=='d') && */row>='A' && row<='I' && isalpha(row) && y>=1 && y<=9){ x=row-'A'; y=y-1; return true; } else if(!(y>=1 && y<=9)){ cout<<"Invalid column\n"<< endl << endl; cout<<y; clearInput(); cout<<y; //return false; } else{ cout<<"Invalid row\n"<< endl << endl; clearInput(); //cout<<x<<y; //return false; } } }

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  • How to return a copy of the data in C++

    - by Josh Curren
    I am trying to return a new copy of the data in a C++ Template class. The following code is getting this error: invalid conversion from ‘int*’ to ‘int’. If I remove the new T then I am not returning a copy of the data but a pointer to it. template<class T> T OrderedList<T>::get( int k ) { Node<T>* n = list; for( int i = 0; i < k; i++ ) { n=n->get_link(); } return new T( n->get_data() ); // This line is getting the error ********** }

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  • replacing elements horizontally and vertically in a 2D array

    - by wello horld
    the code below ask for the user's input for the 2D array size and prints out something like this: (say an 18x6 grid) .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. code starts here: #include <stdio.h> #define MAX 10 int main() { char grid[MAX][MAX]; int i,j,row,col; printf("Please enter your grid size: "); scanf("%d %d", &row, &col); for (i = 0; i < row; i++) { for (j = 0; j < col; j++) { grid[i][j] = '.'; printf("%c ", grid[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } return 0; } I now ask the user for a string, then ask them where to put it for example: Please enter grid size: 18 6 Please enter word: Hello Please enter location: 0 0 Output: Hello............. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. Please enter location: 3 4 Output: .................. .................. .................. ..Hello........... .................. .................. program just keeps going. Any thoughts on how to modify the code for this? PS: Vertical seems way hard, but I want to start on horizontal first to have something to work on.

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  • Trouble deciding return type of a method that returns a SortedSet

    - by devoured elysium
    I am supposed to make a class that should be a container for an interval of values (like in mathematics). I have already decided that I'll use internally a SortedSet. One of the the things I'm supposed to implement is a method that "gets an ordered set with all the elements in the interval". class Interval { private SortedSet sortedSet = new something(); ... <<method that should return an ordered set of values>> } My question resides in what should be both the method's return type and name. Several hypothesis arise: SortedSet getSortedElements(); I am internally using a SortedSet, so I should return that type. I should state that intent in the method's name. SortedSet getElements(); I am internally using a SortedSet, but there's no point in stating that in the method name(I don't see a big point in this one). Set getElements(); I should try to always return the most basic type, thus I am returning a Set. By the contract and definition of the method, people already know all the elements are in order. Set getSortedElements(); For the method return type, the same as above. About the method name, you are stating clearly what this method is going to return: a set of elements that are sorted. I'm inclined to use 4. , but the others also seem alright. Is there a clear winner? Why?

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