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  • Just one client bound to address and port: does it make a difference broadcast versus unicast in terms of overhead?

    - by chrisapotek
    Scenario: I am implementing failed over for a network node, so my idea is to make the master node listens on a broadcast ip address and port. If the master node fails, another failover node will start listening on this broadcast address (and port) and take over. Question: My concern is that I will be using a broadcast IP address just for a single node: the master. The failover node only binds if the master fails, in other words, almost never. In terms of network/traffic overhead, is it bad to talk to a single node through a broadcast address or the network somehow is smart enough to know that nobody else is listening to this broadcast address and kind of treat it as a unicast in terms of overhead? My concern is that I will be flooding my network with packets from this broadcast address even thought I am just really talking to a single node (the master). But I can't use unicast because the failover node has to be able to pick up the master stream quickly and transparently in case it fails.

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  • Difference between tcp recv buffer and tcp receive window size?

    - by pradeepchhetri
    The command shows the tcp receive buffer size in bytes. $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem 4096 87380 4001344 where the three values signifies the min, default and max values respectively. Then I tried to find the tcp window size using tcpdump command. $ sudo tcpdump -n -i eth0 'tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn|tcp-ack) == tcp-syn and port 80 and host google.com' tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:15:41.465037 IP 172.16.31.141.51614 > 74.125.236.73.80: Flags [S], seq 3661804272, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4452053 ecr 0,nop,wscale 6], length 0 I got the window size to be 14600 which is 10 times the size of MSS. Can anyone please tell me the relationship between the two.

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  • How can I explain the difference between programs and documents?

    - by flashnode
    My friend gave me his laptop to salvage after being the victim of numerous viruses and malware. I asked him if there was anything important on the laptop that he wanted to keep. He said he wanted to keep his (legit) copy of Adobe Premiere/After Effects and a few videos he edited. He doesn't have the install CDs so I know the software he paid thousands for in 2007 is gone. I can still resurrect the original film (VOB). What is the best way to explain this?

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  • Is there a difference between starting a WebLogic Admin Server through the command-line or through t

    - by lindelof
    I have WebLogic 11g installed on my machine under /srv/wls, and I start Node manager on it with /srv/wls/wlserver_10.3/server/bin/startNodeManager.sh. I create my domain with config.sh, and then I want to start the Admin Server of that domain with Node Manager. So I open a WLST session and do the following: > nmConnect(...) > nmStart('AdminServer') But when I then visit localhost:7001/console, and login, the screen on the browser remains blank and the server logs tell me the server has run out of PermGen space. I don't encounter this problem when starting the Admin Server through the shell script under $DOMAIN/startWebLogic.sh. Then it works fine. Any idea what I am doing wrong? I couldn't find anything in Google nor on the Oracle forums...

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  • What's the difference between sudo su - postgres and sudo -u postgres?

    - by Craig Ringer
    PostgreSQL users peer authentication on unix sockets by default, where the unix user must be the same as the PostgreSQL user. So people frequently use su or sudo to become the postgres superuser. I often see people using constructs like: sudo su - postgres rather than sudo -u postgres -i and I'm wondering why. Similarly, I've seen: sudo su - postgres -c psql instead of sudo -u postgres psql Without the leading sudo the su versions would make some sense if you were on an old platform without sudo. But why on a less than prehisoric UNIX or Linux would you use sudo su ?

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  • Is there a performance difference between Cat5 and Cat6 keystone blocks?

    - by Scott Anderson
    I'm going to be wiring my home for ethernet soon, and I've already decided that I want to use Cat6 cable to do it (faster speeds, better performance, etc). During the installation, I'd like to add wall-plates to certain rooms in my house, and the keystone blocks look like the best option for me. My question is: I've seen different keystone blocks on many cabling websites, some say Cat5e and some say Cat6. The Cat6 ones are slightly more expensive. Is there any noticeable performance gain from using a Cat6 keystone? To me, it just seems like the keystone really wouldn't matter, since it's basically like putting an RJ-45 end on a cable. Can I buy the cheaper Cat5e keystone blocks and still have the performance that Cat6 cable will give me? Thanks!

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  • What is the difference between these Pentium Extreme Edition CPUs?

    - by Giffyguy
    The CPU in question is the Pentium Extreme Edition 955. Intel's website shows four "versions", but for the most part they all look identical. They even share the same set of ordering codes. But one of them has a substantially lower TDP, which is seemingly unexplainable - since everything else is the same. Two of them say "LGA775, Tray" and I have no idea what "Tray" means either. Also, two of them have a different SPEC code. What I need to know is: What does "LGA775, Tray" mean? Why does the one CPU have a lower TDP? And what does that mean for me? Does that mean lower maximum power consumption? Does it mean the CPU may be more stable/endurant, because of a lower heat output? Why do two of them have a different SPEC code, and what does this mean? Finally, what does PLGA775 (as opposed to LGA775) mean, and do I need to be worried about that? Information from Intel's wbsite: Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 (4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) with SPEC Code 1 Boxed Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775 PLGA775 B1 95 Watts BX80553955 SL94N 2 Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775, Tray PLGA775 B1 130 Watts HH80553PH0994M SL94N 3 Boxed Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775 PLGA775 B1 130 Watts BX80553955 SL8WM 4 Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition 955 4M Cache, 3.46 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB LGA775, Tray PLGA775 B1 130 Watts HH80553PH0994M SL8WM

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  • What is the difference between executing script using Cygwin and PuTTY?

    - by Lily
    Now I get a script.sh, previously it was executed using PuTTY provided it was written in VMWare, but now I want to execute in Windows using Cygwin, I already copy the script.sh out to the corresponding directory, but some commands Cygwin can not recognise. generate(){ date +%T } TIME = generate() echo " Current Time: $TIME" After execute in Cygwin script.sh: line 3: syntax errot neat unexpected token '$'<\r'' script.sh: line 3:'generate<><

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  • What is the difference between a plain Amazon ec2 instance and beanstalk?

    - by Alex Ford
    I am a solo developer and the sites I'm deploying are very small, usually hobby sites and I have a few questions about the Amazon services. Is there a reason for me to use beanstalk or should I just stick with a single ec2 instance? Should I use RDS for database? I heard someone say that I could just install a database on my ec2 instance, making it cheaper. I'm trying to keep everything as cheap as possible. I need to point custom domains to my sites. Pretty sure that means I have to deal with elastic IPs. Do those work with beanstalk or only with individual ec2 instances? Thanks in advance!

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  • What is the difference between a PDU and a power strip (both 120V, 15A)?

    - by rob
    I just chatted with an APC rep about upgrading the UPSes at our office. She recommended a single higher-capacity 6-outlet Smart-UPS to replace the four Back-UPS units we currently have. When I asked how she recommended plugging in all the current devices, she recommended using a APC's AP9567 PDU, but said not to use a power strip. At first she said I had to use an APC brand PDU, but after I inquired about using a Tripp-Lite PDU, she said any brand PDU would be fine. The APC PDU previously referenced looks like a standard 120V power strip with overload protection but no surge protection. Other than overload protection (which seems redundant if plugging into the UPS), is there something else I'm missing, or should any power strip (without surge protection) be fine? Edit: I didn't mention it earlier, but we don't have a proper rack--though I did still plan to mount the PDU or power strip to something. I guess I'm wondering if there's any special reason I should pay as much as $180 for the low-end APC PDU (which just looks like a power strip to me) vs. $20-$30 for a workbench power strip.

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  • What's the difference between find and findstr commands in Windows?

    - by Prashant Bhate
    In Windows, what are the differences between find and findstr commands? Both seems to search text in files: find c:\>find /? Searches for a text string in a file or files. FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] [/OFF[LINE]] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string. /C Displays only the count of lines containing the string. /N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines. /I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. "string" Specifies the text string to find. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. If a path is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt or piped from another command. findstr c:\>findstr /? Searches for strings in files. FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file] [/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]] strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line. /E Matches pattern if at the end of a line. /L Uses search strings literally. /R Uses search strings as regular expressions. /S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all subdirectories. /I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive. /X Prints lines that match exactly. /V Prints only lines that do not contain a match. /N Prints the line number before each line that matches. /M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match. /O Prints character offset before each matching line. /P Skip files with non-printable characters. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. /A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?" /F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console). /C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string. /G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console). /D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories strings Text to be searched for. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or "there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for "hello there" in file x.y. Regular expression quick reference: . Wildcard: any character * Repeat: zero or more occurances of previous character or class ^ Line position: beginning of line $ Line position: end of line [class] Character class: any one character in set [^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set [x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range \x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x \<xyz Word position: beginning of word xyz\> Word position: end of word For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command Reference.

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  • User Profile modified dates don't match....what is the difference?

    - by Sean Perkins
    This question came up while I was investigating a server that randomly restarted last night. I was looking through the event logs to see if someone manually restarted the system, but nothing was identified. I went to C:\Users and there wasn't a single profile that had a modify date in a couple of years. When went to User Profiles by way of the System Properties window, I found that a handful of accounts logged in as recently as today. Those same names match to C:\Users, but the modify dates do not match. Why is this?

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  • SSL Certificate Expiry: Does the expiry time make any difference at all?

    - by CYMR0
    I need to know when an SSL certificate actually expires. Does it just look at the expiry date, or does it also take into account the expiry time? Let's say a certificate expired on 1/1/2013 at 11am. Does that certificate expire at 11:01am or is it only the following day that the certificate expires? I have been told both are true. Hope that makes sense! Our suppliers messed up and let our certificate expire, and I'm trying to figure out how much compensation we're owed. I found this question Details on exact expiration datetime of an SSL certificate? but it didn't quite answer what I need (and I didn't like to revive a dead question).

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  • Whats the difference between pulling from a branch into master and pushing that branch onto master?

    - by Justin808
    In Tortoisegit, on the repository, I right-click and select sync. At the top of the dialog there are options for Local Branch and Remote Branch. If the local branch is named DeveloperA and the remote branch is master and I do a push, what happens? If the local branch is master and remote branch is DeveloperA and I Pull, what happens? If I am on the master branch and right click, select Merge and change the From to be my DeveloperA branch, what happens? If I try to push from master to remote master and the remote is updated git stops and tells me to pull. It seems if I push from DeveloperA to master it doens't stop, it just clobbers, it that correct? We're having an issue using git where the remote master branch gets clobbered at times and we are trying to figure out why. For example there is a developer working on his DeveloperA branch. He'll pull from master to get any updates, then push to master to push out his changes. But there are times that the push lists more files in the Out Commit list than he's edited. The odd thing is he can't revert those files as git is saying they are up to date and have not been modified. Yet when he pushes git pushes the files out. The problem is if there are changes between his pull and push the changes get clobbered.

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  • What's the difference between one-dash and two-dashes for command prompt parameters?

    - by Pacerier
    I was wondering why is it that some programs requires their command prompt parameters to have two dashes in front whereas some (most) only require one dash in front? For example most programs look like this: relaxer -dtd toc.xml toc_gr.xml toc_jp.xml Whereas some programs look like this: xmllint --valid toc.xml --noout What's the reason that some requires two dashes instead of one? Doesn't it make sense for everyone to stick to one standard (i.e. a single dash will do).

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  • What is the difference between Skip and Don't Copy buttons in Copy File dialog?

    - by Vadim
    This is a silly question. In Windows 7/Vista when a user trying to copy multiple file, it looks like he has five options: Copy and Replace Don't Copy Copy, but keep both files Skip Cancel the operation. It looks to me that option 2 (Don't Copy) is the same as 4 (Skip). However, it's kind of strange for Microsoft to put two buttons that perform the same action. I probably miss something. Could you please tell me what I'm missing?

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