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• Why is writing a compiler in a functional language easier?

  - by wvd

  Hello all, I've been thinking of this question very long, but really couldn't find the answer on Google as well a similar question on Stackoverflow. If there is a duplicate, I'm sorry for that. A lot of people seem to say that writing compilers and other language tools in functional languages such as OCaml and Haskell is much more efficient and easier then writing them in imperative languages. Is this true? And if so -- why is it so efficient and easy to write them in functional languages instead of in an imperative language, like C? Also -- isn't a language tool in a functional language slower then in some low-level language like C? Thanks in advance, William v. Doorn

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• Writing .NET in dynamic language?

  - by tillda

  I'm confused by the possibility of writing .NET in dynamic languages, such as (Iron)Ruby. Particularly, I've seen code in IronRuby that used generics (...foo[String]), but I'm not aware of this feature in Ruby as it seems nonsense to me in dynamic languages. So, when I write .NET app in IronRuby, how is it with type safety and compilation? I thought that it is just as dynamic as Ruby everywhere else. I thought that if the Ruby syntax is OK all the type checking would be done at the runtime. Also, as far as I know, .NET itself is type-oriented - there are classes that heavily utilize the mentioned generics. How is this handled? And what about delegates? In dynamic languages I can have almost function-spaghetti and sometimes, its just fine (like hacking UI in javascript). Or do I have to care even about generic delegates?

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• Why are C, C++, and LISP so prevalent in embedded devices and robots?

  - by David

  It seems that the software language skills most sought for embedded devices and robots are C, C++, and LISP. Why haven't more recent languages made inroads into these applications? For example, Erlang would seem particularly well-suited to robotic applications, since it makes concurrent programming easier and allows hot swapping of code. Python would seem to be useful, if for no other reason than its support of multiple programming paradigms. I'm even surprised that Java hasn't made a foray into general robotic programming. I'm sure one argument would be, "Some newer languages are interpreted, not compiled" - implying that compiled languages are quicker and use fewer computational resources. Is this still the case, in a time when we can put a Java Virtual Machine on a cell phone or a SunSpot? (and isn't LISP interpreted anyway?)

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• Help me validate these points regarding Ruby

  - by Bragaadeesh

  Hi, I have started learning Ruby for the past 2,3 weeks and I have come up with some findings on the language. Can someone please validate these points. Implemented in many other high level languages such as C, Java, .Net etc., Is slow for the obvious reason that it cannot beat any of the already known high level languages. Should never be compared with any other high level language. Not suitable for large applications. Completely open source and is in a budding state. Has a framework called Rails which claims that it would be good for Agile development Community out there is getting better day by day and finding help immediately should not be a problem as time goes by. Has significant changes between releases which many developers wont welcome right away. Running time cannot be comprehensively estimated since the language has several underlying implementation in several languages. Books are always outdated by the time when you finish them. Thanks.

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• How long people take to learn a new programming language?

  - by Cawas

  In general aspects, this might be a good reference for everyone. Having an idea of how long people take in average for properly learning how to code can give a very good idea on how dense or long is the path. Someone who never programmed should take weeks or months, even years maybe while someone who's already experienced in the area and know at least 2 different languages might take days, hours or even minutes to start coding. But other than being able to write code that runs, there are ways to write the same program, and it's much harder to get deep knowledge on that than actually being able to program. And sometimes languages differ a lot from one to another on that aspect as well. For instance, we should never have to worry with code-injection in JavaScript like we do in C. So, is there any place we can see some good numbers for how long it takes to learn a language, maybe divided into level of knowledge categories, languages and paradigms, etc?

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• How to localize for Windows Phone based on OS version

  - by user1477707

  I'm building a Windows Phone application and my client has given me a list of languages that he would like the App to be localized for. The problem is that some of those languages are not supported by Windows Phone and I then decided to check out the list of supported langauges which is available here. I noticed that there are two OS option for Windows Phone, i.e. 7.0 and 7.1 but during development I am not sure of how to check for which OS the phone is running so that I know which list of languages to supply to the user. I'd like to know how to check if the Windows Phone OS is 7.0 or 7.1 (I'm assuming that his caters for later OS versions that might have come after the list was created)

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• Help me vaildate these points regarding Ruby

  - by Bragaadeesh

  Hi, I have started learning Ruby for the past 2,3 weeks and I have come up with some findings on the language. Can someone please validate these points. Implemented in many other high level languages such as C, Java, .Net etc., Is slow for the obvious reason that it cannot beat any of the already known high level languages. Should never be compared with any other high level language. Not suitable for large applications. Completely open source and is in a budding state. Has a framework called Rails which claims that it would be good for Agile development Community out there is getting better day by day and finding help immediately should not be a problem as time goes by. Has significant changes between releases which many developers wont welcome right away. Running time cannot be comprehensively estimated since the language has several underlying implementation in several languages. Books are always outdated by the time when you finish them. Thanks.

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• C# 4.0: Dynamic Programming

  - by Paulo Morgado

  The major feature of C# 4.0 is dynamic programming. Not just dynamic typing, but dynamic in broader sense, which means talking to anything that is not statically typed to be a .NET object. Dynamic Language Runtime The Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) is piece of technology that unifies dynamic programming on the .NET platform, the same way the Common Language Runtime (CLR) has been a common platform for statically typed languages. The CLR always had dynamic capabilities. You could always use reflection, but its main goal was never to be a dynamic programming environment and there were some features missing. The DLR is built on top of the CLR and adds those missing features to the .NET platform. The Dynamic Language Runtime is the core infrastructure that consists of: Expression Trees The same expression trees used in LINQ, now improved to support statements. Dynamic Dispatch Dispatches invocations to the appropriate binder. Call Site Caching For improved efficiency. Dynamic languages and languages with dynamic capabilities are built on top of the DLR. IronPython and IronRuby were already built on top of the DLR, and now, the support for using the DLR is being added to C# and Visual Basic. Other languages built on top of the CLR are expected to also use the DLR in the future. Underneath the DLR there are binders that talk to a variety of different technologies: .NET Binder Allows to talk to .NET objects. JavaScript Binder Allows to talk to JavaScript in SilverLight. IronPython Binder Allows to talk to IronPython. IronRuby Binder Allows to talk to IronRuby. COM Binder Allows to talk to COM. Whit all these binders it is possible to have a single programming experience to talk to all these environments that are not statically typed .NET objects. The dynamic Static Type Let’s take this traditional statically typed code: Calculator calculator = GetCalculator(); int sum = calculator.Sum(10, 20); Because the variable that receives the return value of the GetCalulator method is statically typed to be of type Calculator and, because the Calculator type has an Add method that receives two integers and returns an integer, it is possible to call that Sum method and assign its return value to a variable statically typed as integer. Now lets suppose the calculator was not a statically typed .NET class, but, instead, a COM object or some .NET code we don’t know he type of. All of the sudden it gets very painful to call the Add method: object calculator = GetCalculator(); Type calculatorType = calculator.GetType(); object res = calculatorType.InvokeMember("Add", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, calculator, new object[] { 10, 20 }); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); And what if the calculator was a JavaScript object? ScriptObject calculator = GetCalculator(); object res = calculator.Invoke("Add", 10, 20); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); For each dynamic domain we have a different programming experience and that makes it very hard to unify the code. With C# 4.0 it becomes possible to write code this way: dynamic calculator = GetCalculator(); int sum = calculator.Add(10, 20); You simply declare a variable who’s static type is dynamic. dynamic is a pseudo-keyword (like var) that indicates to the compiler that operations on the calculator object will be done dynamically. The way you should look at dynamic is that it’s just like object (System.Object) with dynamic semantics associated. Anything can be assigned to a dynamic. dynamic x = 1; dynamic y = "Hello"; dynamic z = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 }; At run-time, all object will have a type. In the above example x is of type System.Int32. When one or more operands in an operation are typed dynamic, member selection is deferred to run-time instead of compile-time. Then the run-time type is substituted in all variables and normal overload resolution is done, just like it would happen at compile-time. The result of any dynamic operation is always dynamic and, when a dynamic object is assigned to something else, a dynamic conversion will occur. Code Resolution Method double x = 1.75; double y = Math.Abs(x); compile-time double Abs(double x) dynamic x = 1.75; dynamic y = Math.Abs(x); run-time double Abs(double x) dynamic x = 2; dynamic y = Math.Abs(x); run-time int Abs(int x) The above code will always be strongly typed. The difference is that, in the first case the method resolution is done at compile-time, and the others it’s done ate run-time. IDynamicMetaObjectObject The DLR is pre-wired to know .NET objects, COM objects and so forth but any dynamic language can implement their own objects or you can implement your own objects in C# through the implementation of the IDynamicMetaObjectProvider interface. When an object implements IDynamicMetaObjectProvider, it can participate in the resolution of how method calls and property access is done. The .NET Framework already provides two implementations of IDynamicMetaObjectProvider: DynamicObject : IDynamicMetaObjectProvider The DynamicObject class enables you to define which operations can be performed on dynamic objects and how to perform those operations. For example, you can define what happens when you try to get or set an object property, call a method, or perform standard mathematical operations such as addition and multiplication. ExpandoObject : IDynamicMetaObjectProvider The ExpandoObject class enables you to add and delete members of its instances at run time and also to set and get values of these members. This class supports dynamic binding, which enables you to use standard syntax like sampleObject.sampleMember, instead of more complex syntax like sampleObject.GetAttribute("sampleMember").

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• Objective C and C++ for Game Development

  - by Holland

  I'm trying to figure out which language I should begin learning. I've only been programming for about 6 months, with languages like PHP, Java, and C#. I want to learn how to dev games, and while I know in most cases the answer to this would be through C++ (at least, I would think), though I'm still curious about what Objective C can offer in the sense of long term benefit. It seems like there's a chance that Objective-C may actually become more popular than C++ in a few years, and for all I know, it may become the de facto standard development language for games. Still, despite all of this, I really don't know anything, and this is all speculation. Both languages seem very interesting, and obviously can pull a lot of out of themselves. What do you think? Note: despite what some might say, I really don't want to end up using prebuilt engines, and would rather just learn how to make my own. I'm well aware that it takes a lot more time, but I'm quite ok with that.

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• Visual Basic 2010 Language Enhancements

  Earlier this month Microsoft released Visual Studio 2010, the .NET Framework 4.0 (which includes ASP.NET 4.0), and new versions of their core programming languages: C# 4.0 and Visual Basic 10 (also referred to as Visual Basic 2010). Previously, the C# and Visual Basic programming languages were managed by two separate teams within Microsoft, which helps explain why features found in one language was not necessarily found in the other. For example, C# 3.0 introduced <a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2007/03/08/new-c-orcas-language-features-automatic-properties-object-initializers-and-collection-initializers.aspx"><i>collection initializers</i></a>, which enable developers to define the contents of a collection when declaring it; however,

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• What’s New for Oracle Commerce? Executive QA with John Andrews, VP Product Management, Oracle Commerce

  - by Katrina Gosek

  Oracle Commerce was for the fifth time positioned as a leader by Gartner in the Magic Quadrant for E-Commerce. This inspired me to sit down with Oracle Commerce VP of Product Management, John Andrews to get his perspective on what continues to make Oracle a leader in the industry and what’s new for Oracle Commerce in 2013. Q: Why do you believe Oracle Commerce continues to be a leader in the industry? John: Oracle has a great acquisition strategy – it brings best-of-breed technologies into the product fold and then continues to grow and innovate them. This is particularly true with products unified into the Oracle Commerce brand. Oracle acquired ATG in late 2010 – and then Endeca in late 2011. This means that under the hood of Oracle Commerce you have market-leading technologies for cross-channel commerce and customer experience, both designed and developed in direct response to the unique challenges online businesses face. And we continue to innovate on capabilities core to what our customers need to be successful – contextual and personalized experience delivery, merchant-inspired tools, and architecture for performance and scalability. Q: It’s not a slow moving industry. What are you doing to keep the pace of innovation at Oracle Commerce? John: Oracle owes our customers the most innovative commerce capabilities. By unifying the core components of ATG and Endeca we are delivering on this promise. Oracle Commerce is continuing to innovate and redefine how commerce is done and in a way that drive business results and keeps customers coming back for experiences tailored just for them. Our January and May 2013 releases not only marked the seventh significant releases for the solution since the acquisitions of ATG and Endeca, we also continue to demonstrate rapid and significant progress on the unification of commerce and customer experience capabilities of the two commerce technologies. Q: Can you tell us what was notable about these latest releases under the Oracle Commerce umbrella? John: Specifically, our latest product innovations give businesses selling online the ability to get to market faster with more personalized commerce experiences in the following ways: Mobile: the latest Commerce Reference Application in this release offers a wider range of examples for online businesses to leverage for iOS development and specifically new iPad reference capabilities. This release marks the first release of the iOS Universal application that serves both the iPhone and iPad devices from a single download or binary. Business users can now drive page content management and layout of search results and category pages, as well as create additional storefront elements such as categories, facets / dimensions, and breadcrumbs through Experience Manager tools. Cross-Channel Commerce: key commerce platform capabilities have been added to support cross-channel commerce, including an expanded inventory model to maintain inventory for stores, pickup in stores and Web-based returns. Online businesses with in-store operations can now offer advanced shipping options on the web and make returns and exchange logic easily available on the web. Multi-Site Capabilities: significant enhancements to the Commerce Platform multi-site architecture that allows business users to quickly launch and manage multiple sites on the same cluster and share data, carts, and other components. First introduced in 2010, with this latest release business users can now partition or share customer profiles, control users’ site-based access, and manage personalization assets using site groups. Internationalization: continued language support and enhancements for business user tools as well and search and navigation. Guided Search now supports 35 total languages with 11 new languages (including Danish, Arabic, Norwegian, Serbian Cyrillic) added in this release. Commerce Platform tools now include localized support for 17 locales with 4 new languages (Danish, Portuguese (European), Finnish, and Thai). No development or customization is required in order for business users to use the applications in any of these supported languages. Business Tool Experience: valuable new Commerce Merchandising features include a new workflow for making emergency changes quickly and increased visibility into promotions rules and qualifications in preview mode. Oracle Commerce business tools continue to become more and more feature rich to provide intuitive, easy- to-use (yet powerful) capabilities to allow business users to manage content and the shopping experience. Commerce & Experience Unification: demonstrable unification of commerce and customer experience capabilities include – productized cartridges that provide supported integration between the Commerce Platform and Experience Management tools, cross-channel returns, Oracle Service Cloud integration, and integrated iPad application. The mission guiding our product development is to deliver differentiated, personalized user experiences across any device in a contextual manner – and to give the business the best tools to tune and optimize those user experiences to meet their business objectives. We also need to do this in a way that makes it operationally efficient for the business, keeping the overall total cost of ownership low – yet also allows the business to expand, whether it be to new business models, geographies or brands. To learn more about the latest Oracle Commerce releases and mission, visit the links below: • Hear more from John about the Oracle Commerce mission • Hear from Oracle Commerce customers • Documentation on the new releases • Listen to the Oracle ATG Commerce 10.2 Webcast • Listen to the Oracle Endeca Commerce 3.1.2 Webcast

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• Le C++ expressif n° 1 : introduction, un article d'Eric Niebler traduit par Timothée Bernard

  Dissimulé dans C++ se cache un autre langage - d'innombrables autres langages, en fait - tous sont meilleurs que le C++ pour résoudre certains types de problèmes. Ces domain-specific languages (abrégé DSL) sont par exemple des langages pour l'algèbre linéaire ou des langages de requêtes, ils ne peuvent faire qu'une seule chose, mais ils le font bien. On peut créer et utiliser ces langages directement dans le C++, en utilisant la puissance et la flexibilité du C++ pour remplacer les parties communes du langage par les parties spécifiques au domaine que nous utilisons. Dans cette série d'article, Eric Niebler regarde de près les domain-specific languages, dans quels domaines ils sont utiles et comment on peut facilement les implémenter en C++ avec l'aide de

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• Introducing a new Umbraco datatype for Multi-lingual websites.

  - by Vizioz Limited

  Over the last 6 months we have been building various multi-lingual sites for different clients and for some of the clients they have 1 to 1 relationships between some or all of their pages.Within Umbraco, you can copy a page ( or whole tree of pages ) and keep a relationship between each of the pages and their new copy, this allows content editors to subscribe to change notifications that Umbraco can create if one of the linked pages is changed.Unfortunately one thing that is missing in Umbraco is any way to see which pages are related to each other and to have a quick and easy way to jump between the related pages.We created a datatype that solves these problems and thought we would release it as an open source project ( which we are still maintaining )Currently you can:1) See current relationships2) Add relationships3) Limit the number of relationships that can be added ( by the data type )4) See the Country flag ( assuming a culture has been set on each of your top level site nodes for each country site )5) Link between the documents6) Change or delete the linksAn example where multiple languages are allowed:An example where only 2 languages exist (1 relationship):You can download the datatype from the Umbraco project page:Vizioz Relationships for UmbracoPlease do let us know what you think :)

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• JIT compiler for C, C++, and the likes

  - by Ebrahim

  Is there any just-in-time compiler out there for compiled languages, such as C and C++? (The first names that come to mind are Clang and LLVM! But I don't think they currently support it.) Explanation: I think the software could benefit from runtime profiling feedback and aggressively optimized recompilation of hotspots at runtime, even for compiled-to-machine languages like C and C++. Profile-guided optimization does a similar job, but with the difference a JIT would be more flexible in different environments. In PGO you run your binary prior to releasing it. After you released it, it would use no environment/input feedbacks collected at runtime. So if the input pattern is changed, it is probe to performance penalty. But JIT works well even in that conditions. However I think it is controversial wether the JIT compiling performance benefit outweights its own overhead. Edit: Grammar

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• Checking out systems programming, what should I learn, using what resources?

  - by Anto

  I have done some hobby application development, but now I'm interested in checking out systems programming (mainly operating systems, Linux kernel etc.). I know low-level languages like C, and I know minimal amounts of x86 Assembly (should I improve on it?). What resources/books/websites/projects etc. do you recommend for one to get started with systems programming and what topics are important? Note that I know close to nothing about the subject, so whatever resources you suggest should be introductory resources. I still know what the subject is and what it includes etc., but I have not done systems programming before (but some application development, as previously noted, and I'm familiar with a bunch of programming languages as well as software engineering in general and algorithms, data structures etc.).

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• Xampp : http://localhost/xampp/splash.php :english : nothing happens

  - by Oussama Abdallah

  After I start Xampp on my Ubuntu 12.04 I go to the localhost and I come to the site, where all languages are listed .... when I click any of these languages nothing happens. Follow steps are already done: I started Xampp with: sudo /opt/lamp/lamp start after doing so, I get in the console, that everything is running: Starting XAMPP for Linux ... XAMPP: Starting Apache...ok. XAMPP: Starting MySQL... ok. XAMPP: Starting ProFTPD...ok. Can you please help me solve this problem?

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• How do you guys handle translation for software localization?

  - by JohnFx

  Most of the software I have written over my career has been built for English speaking customers, but recently I've been working on a project where localization of the UI for a wider range of languages is desired. I am just curious how other programming shops obtain the translations. Do they use the notoriously flawed online translation engines? I know there are for-hire translators out there, but am I going to have to track down and contract like a dozen of them to do a thorough job of localizing my interface? Are there services that specialize in doing this for a wide range of languages? Perhaps using something like Amazon's Mechanical Turk would be an option, but I have no idea how diverse the available workforce is on that site. I'd imagine not very.

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• Appcelerator Set to Release Titanium Cross-Platform App Dev Technology

  The product will Web developers to use languages they already know to build mobile and desktop apps

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• Are there advantages for using recursion over iteration - other than sometimes readability and elegance?

  - by Prog

  I am about to make two assumptions. Please correct me if they're wrong: There isn't a recursive algorithm without an iterative equivalent. Iteration is always cheaper performance-wise than recursion (at least in general purpose languages such as Java, C++, Python etc.). If it's true that recursion is always more costly than iteration, and that it can always be replaced with an iterative algorithm (in languages that allow it) - than I think that the two remaining reasons to use recursion are: elegance and readability. Some algorithms are expressed more elegantly with recursion. E.g. scanning a binary tree. However apart from that, are there any reasons to use recursion over iteration? Does recursion have advantages over iteration other than sometimes elegance and readability?

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• Compiler Dependencies [closed]

  - by asghar ashgari

  I'm a newbie researcher who's passion is programming languages (Web era). I'm wondering why all the Web frameworks and Web-based general purposes languages, have a huge number of dependencies when you want to install and then use (e.g., extend, alternate, etc.) their compilers. For example, Ruby on Rails or Scala. If I want to download their source code, and try to build it again, to me at least, feels like a can of worms. I have a MAC, so I need to install MACports, then update my XCode, then get the compiler source code that has bunch of other dependencies, then its hard to set things up; just to see the installed open-source compiler works fine.

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• Donald Ferguson says end-user programming is next big thing. Is it?

  - by Joris Meys

  You can guess how I came to ask this question... Anyway : http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11944966 Donald Ferguson claiming that his websphere was his biggest disaster and proclaiming that end-user programming will be the way forward. This genuinely spurs the question : what with current programming languages. Honestly, I don't think that end-user programming will go much beyond a rather rigid template where you can build some apps around. If you see how many people actually manage to understand the basic functionality of functions in EXCEL... Plus, I fail to see how complex and performant systems can be built in such an end-user programming language ( Visual Basic, anyone?) Nice to play around with, but for many applications they're just not the thing. So no worries for the old languages if you ask me. What's your ideas?

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• ActivePerl 5.12

  With Perl 5.12 completed, ActiveState releases business and community editions of its software ActiveState - Perl - Languages - Programming - Win32

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• What's the real benefit of meta-modeling?

  - by Jakob

  After reading several texts about meta-modeling I still do not really get the practical benefit. Sometimes I think it is only an interesting mind game but no useful tool. Sure it is wise to clarify your modeling vocabulary: some may say class where others say entity or concept, but this is just simple documentation your modeling terminology. Meta-modeling, as I understand it, is more complex, as it tries to formalize and abstract modeling. Some good examples are Keet's formal comparison of conceptual data modeling languages (UML, ERM and ORM) from academia and the Meta Object Facility (MOF) from industry. To me MOF looks as impractical as CORBA, which was also created by OMG. In theory you could use meta-modeling to transform and integrate models in different modeling languages, but is anyone actually doing this?

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• Ct Technology: A Flexible Parallel Programming Model for Multicore and Many-Core Architectures

  Ct leverages the strengths of data parallel programming to help address challenges of software development for multicore and many-core Parallel computing - Multi-core processor - Programming - Microsoft - Languages

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• Why is there still so much offer for Perl programmers?

  - by user491444

  A quick search on monster.com on different scripting languages resulted on Perl having much more job opportunities than Python and Ruby (in Europe, I didn't check for the rest of the world), and since I'm just a newbie programmer I was wondering why is this? I've read everywhere that Python and Ruby are much better languages, and much more organized. Having coded in python and php myself, Perl's code seems so alien to me. Anyways, sorry for my poor English, it's my second language, and this is not a critique on the Perl language, I was just wondering whether it's a good idea to learn it at this point or not.

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