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  • Please explain how Trial Division works for Primality Test

    - by mister_dani
    I came across this algorithm for testing primality through trial division I fully understand this algorithm static boolean isPrime(int N) { if (N < 2) return false; for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(N); i++) if (N % i == 0) return false; return true; } It works just fine. But then I came across this other one which works just as good but I do not fully understand the logic behind it. static boolean isPrime(int N) { if (N < 2) return false; for (int i = 2; i * i<N; i++) if (N % i == 0) return false; return true; } It seems like i *i < N behaves like i <= Math.sqrt(N). If so, why?

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  • Can you please explain onCreate and Bundles?

    - by Mike
    I have been looking it up and I just cant seem to wrap myself around the onCreate and Bundles. I understand that the onCreate is called when the program starts but its how the Bundles get passed around and how they are pertinent. Can anyone try to put this into plain english because I cant seem to find it well described. Thanks

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  • Can you explain how this ip_to_string function works?

    - by user198729
    #define IPTOSBUFFERS 12 char *iptos(u_long in) { static char output[IPTOSBUFFERS][3*4+3+1]; static short which; u_char *p; p = (u_char *)&in; which = (which + 1 == IPTOSBUFFERS ? 0 : which + 1); _snprintf_s(output[which], sizeof(output[which]), sizeof(output[which]),"%d.%d.%d.%d", p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]); return output[which]; } Is there something I'm missing to understand it?

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  • Explain this PHP shorthand

    - by editor
    I feed like a goof but I don't entirely understand what's happening in this code: $var .= ($one || $two) ? function_one( $one, $another) : function_two( $two, $another); Does that say if $one or $two then $var is equal to fuction_one(), else function_two()? What's the purpose of using this syntax -- speed?

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  • How can you explain "beautiful code" to a non-programmer?

    - by Daniel Vandersluis
    When speaking with a non-programmer friend, I happened to mention the concept of "beautiful code" and she wanted to understand what that meant, but I was at a bit of a loss as to how to explain it to someone who would have no context whatsoever. When all code looks like gibberish to someone anyways, how can you explain what makes one piece of code prettier than another? Analogies could be useful too.

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  • Can someone exaplain me implicit parameters in Scala?

    - by Oscar Reyes
    And more specifically how does the BigInt works for convert int to BigInt? In the source code it reads: ... implicit def int2bigInt(i: Int): BigInt = apply(i) ... How is this code invoked? I can understand how this other sample: "Date literals" works. In. val christmas = 24 Dec 2010 Defined by: implicit def dateLiterals(date: Int) = new { import java.util.Date def Dec(year: Int) = new Date(year, 11, date) } When int get's passed the message Dec with an int as parameter, the system looks for another method that can handle the request, in this case Dec(year:Int) Q1. Am I right in my understanding of Date literals? Q2. How does it apply to BigInt? Thanks

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  • python 'self' explained

    - by richzilla
    What is the purpose of the 'self' word in python. I understand it refers to the specific object created from that class, but i cant see why it explicitly needs to be added to very function as a parameter. To illustrate, in ruby, i could do this: class myClass def myFunc(name) @name = name end end Which i understand, quite easily, However in python i need to include self: class myClass: def myFunc(self, name): self.name = name Can anyone talk me through this? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Explaining your system to a client

    - by Sir Graystar
    I'm currently developing a small Database Management System for a local company. How would you go about explaining how the system you have designed to a client? If they are non-technical and have no understanding of programming, how would you go about showing what the system will do and how it will do it? I guess some sort of visual representation of the system but this seems very patronising to me.

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  • How to explain a layperson why a developer should not be interrupted while neck-deep in coding?

    - by András Szepesházi
    If you just consider the second part of my question, "Why a developer should not be interrupted while neck-deep in coding", that has been discussed a number of times by smart people. Heck, even the co-founder of SO, Joel Spolsky, wrote a blog post about "getting in the zone" and "being knocked out of the zone" and why it takes an average of 15 minutes to achieve productivity when participating in complex, software development related tasks. So I think the why has been established. What I'm interested in is how to explain all that to somebody who doesn't know beans about Beans (khmm I mean software development). How to tell the wife, or the funny guy from accounting at the workplace, or the long time friend who pings you on Skype every 30 minutes with a "Wazzzzzzup?!", that all the interruptions have a much deeper impact on your work than the obvious 30 seconds they took from your time. Obviously you can't explain it by sentences like "I have to juggle a lot of variable names in my short term memory" unless you want to be the target of blank stares or friendly abuse. I'd like to be able to explain all that to non-developers in a way that will make them clearly understand - without being offensive, elitist or too technical.

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  • How to explain a layperson why a developer should not be interrupted while neck-deep in coding?

    - by András Szepesházi
    If you just consider the second part of my question, "Why a developer should not be interrupted while neck-deep in coding", that has been discussed a number of times by smart people. Heck, even the co-founder of SO, Joel Spolsky, wrote a blog post about "getting in the zone" and "being knocked out of the zone" and why it takes an average of 15 minutes to achieve productivity when participating in complex, software development related tasks. So I think the why has been established. What I'm interested in is how to explain all that to somebody who doesn't know beans about Beans (khmm I mean software development). How to tell the wife, or the funny guy from accounting at the workplace, or the long time friend who pings you on Skype every 30 minutes with a "Wazzzzzzup?!", that all the interruptions have a much deeper impact on your work than the obvious 30 seconds they took from your time. Obviously you can't explain it by sentences like "I have to juggle a lot of variable names in my short term memory" unless you want to be the target of blank stares or friendly abuse. I'd like to be able to explain all that to non-developers in a way that will make them clearly understand - without being offensive, elitist or too technical. EDIT: Thanks to everyone for their great insights. I've accepted EpsilonVector's answer as his analogy was the closest one to my original needs. The "falling asleep" explanation is neither offensive nor technical, almost anyone can relate to it, and the consequences of getting disturbed while falling asleep or while being in the zone are very similar: you experience frustration and you "lose" 15-20 minutes of time.

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  • Need a Quick Sure Method to Produce a Formatted Explain Plan? This will help!

    - by user702295
    Please use the following on the production machine to get formatted explain plan and sql trace using the SLOW sql (e.g. 'T_COMB_LIST.COMB_ID = 216') or any other value that takes longer: -- Open new session is SQL*Plus */ -- Make sure you are using updated PLAN_TABLE -- This can be done by dropping it and recreate it by running: -- SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlxplan.sql) set lines 1000 set pages 1000 spool xplan_1.txt EXPLAIN PLAN FOR <<<<Replace this line with exactly the same query you used above. Force hard parse by modifying the case of a character>>>> @?/rdbms/admin/utlxplp spool off EXIT --Open a second session is SQL*Plus ALTER SESSION SET max_dump_file_size = unlimited; ALTER SESSION SET tracefile_identifier = '10046'; ALTER SESSION SET statistics_level = ALL; ALTER SESSION SET events '10046 trace name context forever, level 12'; <<<<Replace this line with exactly the same query you used above. Force hard parse by modifying the case of a character>>>> select 'verify cursor closed' from dual; ALTER SYSTEM SET EVENTS '10046 trace name context off'; EXIT Make sure spooled file is formatted properly and that the 10046 trace has relevant explain plan in it.  Please Upload both files (10046 trace is generated in udump). Need instructions to find udump?   sqlplus "/ as sysdba" show parameters dump_dest This will show you bdump, cdump and udump locations.

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  • How to explain to non-technical person why the task will take much longer then they think?

    - by Mag20
    Almost every developer has to answer questions from business side like: Why is going to take 2 days to add this simple contact form? When developer estimates this task, they may divide it into steps: make some changes to Database optimize DB changes for speed add front end HTML write server side code add validation add client side javascript use unit tests make sure SEO is setup is working implement email confirmation refactor and optimize the code for speed ... These maybe hard to explain to non-technical person, who basically sees the whole task as just putting together some HTML and creating a table to store the data. To them it could be 2 hours MAX. So is there a better way to explain why the estimate is high to non-developer?

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  • How to explain OOP concepts to a non technical person?

    - by John
    I often try to avoid telling people I'm a programmer because most of the time I end up explaining to them what that really means. When I tell them I'm programming in Java they often ask general questions about the language and how it differs from x and y. I'm also not good at explaining things because 1) I don't have that much experience in the field and 2) I really hate explaining things to non-technical people. They say that you truly understand things once you explain them to someone else, in this case how would you explain OOP terminology and concepts to a non technical person?

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  • How do you explain commented-out code to a non-programmer? [closed]

    - by whirlwin
    What is the quickest and most comprehensible way to explain to a non-programmer what commented-out code is? When I mentioned it in a conversation to non-programmers, they seemed lost. Such people could for instance be graphical designers, when working on the same team to make an application. Typically I would need to mention what I will be/currently am working with during an update meeting. At first I thought about substituting commented-out with unused code. While it is true to some degree, it is also very ambiguous. If you are wondering, I am working with legacy code with commented-out code. This leads to my question: "how do you explain commented-out code to a non-programmer?"

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  • How can I explain object-oriented programming to someone who's only coded in Fortran 77?

    - by Zonedabone
    My mother did her college thesis in Fortran, and now (over a decade later) needs to learn c++ for fluids simulations. She is able to understand all of the procedural programming, but no matter how hard I try to explain objects to her, it doesn't stick. (I do a lot of work with Java, so I know how objects work) I think I might be explaining it in too high-level ways, so it isn't really making sense to someone who's never worked with them at all and grew up in the age of purely procedural programming. Is there any simple way I can explain them to her that will help her understand?

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  • I'm trying to understand hash tables - can someone explain it to me - clearly?

    - by Stevo
    I want to understand the correct use and implementation of hash tables in php (sorry). I read somewhere that an in-experienced programmer created a hash table and then iterated through it. Now, I understand why that is wrong but I haven't quite got the full knowledge to know if my understanding is correct (if you know what I mean). So could someone explain to me how to implement a hash table in php (presumably an associative array) and perhaps more importantly, how to access the values 'with a hash' and what that actually means?

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  • How to write comments to explain the "why" behind the callback function when the function and parameter names are insufficient for that?

    - by snowmantw
    How should I approach writing comments for callback functions? I want to explain the "why" behind the function when the function and parameter names are insufficient to explain what's going on. I have always wonder why comments like this can be so ordinary in documents of libraries in dynamic languages: /** * cb: callback // where's the arguments & effects? */ func foo( cb ) Maybe the common attitude is "you can look into source code on your own after all" which pushes people into leaving minimalist comments like this. But it seems like there should be a better way to comment callback functions. I've tried to comment callbacks in Haskell way: /** * cb: Int -> Char */ func foo(cb) And to be fair, it's usually neat enough. But it gets into trouble when I need to pass some complex structure. The problem being partly due to the lack of type system: /** * cb: Int -> { err: String -> (), success: () -> Char } // too long... */ func foo(cb) Or I have tried this too: /** * cb: Int -> { err: String -> (), * success: () -> Char } // better ? */ func bar(cb) The problem is that you may put the structure in somewhere else, but you must give it a name to reference it. But then when you name a structure you're about to use immediately looks so redundant: // Somewhere else... // ResultCallback: { err: String -> (), success: () -> Char } /** * cb: Int -> ResultCallback // better ?? */ func foo(cb) And it bothers me if I follow the Java-doc like commenting style since it still seems incomplete. The comments don't tell you anything that you couldn't immediately see from looking at the function. /** * @param cb {Function} yeah, it's a function, but you told me nothing about it... * @param err {Function} where should I put this callback's argument ?? * Not to mention the err's own arguments... */ func foo(cb) These examples are JavaScript like with generic functions and parameter names, but I've encountered similar problems in other dynamic languages which allow complex callbacks.

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  • IP blocked because: (smtpauth) Failed SMTP AUTH login from - can someone explain?

    - by gdaniel
    Today I had a few users blocked in our server firewall because of: (smtpauth) Failed SMTP AUTH login from Can someone explain the reason? What does it exactly mean? Could someone be using the our website to access SMTP for spamming purpose? UPDATE: Server info: Centos OS with CPanel and WHM. However no one has access to either. Taking a look at the logs it looks like someone repetitively attempted to login with a known existent user/pass.

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  • How would you explain that software engineering is more specialized than other engineering fields?

    - by Spencer K
    I work with someone who insists that any good software engineer can develop in any software technology, and experience in a particular technology doesn't matter to building good software. His analogy was that you don't have to have knowledge of the product being built to know how to build an assembly line that manufactures said product. In a way it's a compliment to be viewed with an eye such that "if you're good, you're good at everything", but in a way it also trivializes the profession, as in "Codemonkey, go sling code". Without experience in certain software frameworks, you can get in trouble fast, and that's important. I tried explaining this, but he didn't buy it. Any different views or thoughts on this to help explain that my experience in one thing, doesn't translate to all things?

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  • How to explain to a layperson the variance in programmer rates?

    - by Matt McCormick
    I recently talked to a guy that is looking for developers to build a product idea. He mentioned he has received interest from people but the rates have varied from $20-120/hr. This project he estimates should take 3-6 months and since he is non-technical, he is confused why there can be so much variance. I understand how I would choose someone but I am a developer and can gauge other people's work. How can I explain to him (in a non-biased way, if possible, as I will apply as well) about the variance in rates? Is there any good analogy that would help?

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  • What's the best way to explain branching (of source code) to a client?

    - by Jon Hopkins
    The situation is that a client requested a number of changes about 9 months ago which they then put on hold with them half done. They've now requested more changes without having made up their mind to proceed with the first set of changes. The two sets of changes will require alterations to the same code modules. I've been tasked with explaining why them not making a decision about the first set of changes (either finish them or bin them) may incur additional costs (essentially because the changes would need to be made to a branch then if they proceed with the first set of changes we'd have to merge them to the trunk - which will be messy - and retest them). The question I have is this: How best to explain branching of code to a non-technical client?

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  • How do you explain to an "agile" team that they still need to plan the software they write?

    - by user23157
    This week at work I got agiled yet again. Having gone through the standard agile, TDD, shared ownership, ad hoc development methodology of never planning anything beyond a few user stories on a piece of card, verbally chewing the cud over the technicallities of a 3rd party integration ad nauseam without ever doing any real thinking or due dilligence and architecturally coupling all production code to the first test that comes into anyone's head for the past few months we reach the end of a release cycle and lo and behold the main externally visible feature that we have been developing is too slow to use, buggy, becoming labyrinthinly complex and completely inflexible. During this process "spikes" were done but never documented and not a single architectural design was ever produced (there was no FS, so what the hell eh, if you don't know what you are developing, how can you plan or research it?) - the project passed from pair to pair, each of whom only ever focused on a single user story at a time and well the result was inevitable. To resolve this I went off the radar, went (the dreaded) waterfall, planned, coded and basically didn't swap off the pair and tried as much as I could to work alone - focusing on solid architecture and specifications rather than unit tests which will come later once everything is pinned down. The code is now much better and is actually totally usable, flexible and fast. Certain people seem to have really resented me doing this and have gone out of their way to sabotage my efforts (possibly unconsciously) because it goes against the holy process of agile. So how do you, as a developer, explain to the team that it is not "un-agile" to plan their work, and how do you fit planning into the agile process? (I'm not talking about the IPM; I'm talking about sitting down with a problem and sketching out an end-to-end design that says how a problem should be solved in sufficient detail that anyone who works on the problem knows what architecture and patterns they should be using and where the new code should integrate into existing code)

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  • How to explain bad software to non-technical people?

    - by mtutty
    In discussing software development with non-technical people (customers, business owners, project sponsors, etc.), I often resort to analogies and metaphors. It's relatively easy and effective to use a "house" or other metaphor for describing the size and complexity of new development. However, we often inherit someone else's code or data, and this approach doesn't seem to hold up as well when trying to explain why we're gutting something that already seems to work. Of course we can point to cycle time and cost to be saved in the future but this generally means nothing to business folks. I know doctors can say "just take this pill," but I'm not sure that software devs have the same authority. Ideas? EDIT: Let me add a bit to the discussion. The specific project I'm talking about has customers that don't realize (or care) about specific aspects of the system we're retiring (i.e., they think it was just fine): The system would save a NEW RECORD every time someone updated a field The system contained tables for reference data. These tables had new records added every day, even though they were duplicates of previous records. And there was no way to tie the reference data used for a particular case at the time it was closed. This is like 99% of the data in the old system. The field NAMES also have spaces, apostrophes and other inappropriate characters in them, making everything harder to work with. In addition to the incredible amount of duplicate data, they have around 1000 XLS files with data they want added to the system. Previously, they would do a spreadsheet for each case in the database, IN ADDITION TO what they typed into the database. Getting rid of this old, unneeded information and piping in the XLS data comprises about 80% of the total project effort, and was not something we could accurately predict. I'm trying to find a concrete way to describe how bad this thing was, mostly so that the customer will understand why the migration process has been so time-consuming. The actual coding was done pretty quickly and the new system works fine, but without the old data they won't be happy. Sorry to get into the weeds, but most of the answers I've seen so far are pretty basic scope/schedule/cost things. I've been doing this for 15 years, so this really is more of a reflective, philosophical question - but without some of the details it can be difficult to really appreciate the awful beauty of this problem.

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