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• Unusually high dentry cache usage

  - by Wolfgang Stengel

  Problem A CentOS machine with kernel 2.6.32 and 128 GB physical RAM ran into trouble a few days ago. The responsible system administrator tells me that the PHP-FPM application was not responding to requests in a timely manner anymore due to swapping, and having seen in free that almost no memory was left, he chose to reboot the machine. I know that free memory can be a confusing concept on Linux and a reboot perhaps was the wrong thing to do. However, the mentioned administrator blames the PHP application (which I am responsible for) and refuses to investigate further. What I could find out on my own is this: Before the restart, the free memory (incl. buffers and cache) was only a couple of hundred MB. Before the restart, /proc/meminfo reported a Slab memory usage of around 90 GB (yes, GB). After the restart, the free memory was 119 GB, going down to around 100 GB within an hour, as the PHP-FPM workers (about 600 of them) were coming back to life, each of them showing between 30 and 40 MB in the RES column in top (which has been this way for months and is perfectly reasonable given the nature of the PHP application). There is nothing else in the process list that consumes an unusual or noteworthy amount of RAM. After the restart, Slab memory was around 300 MB If have been monitoring the system ever since, and most notably the Slab memory is increasing in a straight line with a rate of about 5 GB per day. Free memory as reported by free and /proc/meminfo decreases at the same rate. Slab is currently at 46 GB. According to slabtop most of it is used for dentry entries: Free memory: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 129048 76435 52612 0 144 7675 -/+ buffers/cache: 68615 60432 Swap: 8191 0 8191 Meminfo: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132145324 kB MemFree: 53620068 kB Buffers: 147760 kB Cached: 8239072 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20300940 kB Inactive: 6512716 kB Active(anon): 18408460 kB Inactive(anon): 24736 kB Active(file): 1892480 kB Inactive(file): 6487980 kB Unevictable: 8608 kB Mlocked: 8608 kB SwapTotal: 8388600 kB SwapFree: 8388600 kB Dirty: 11416 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 18436224 kB Mapped: 94536 kB Shmem: 6364 kB Slab: 46240380 kB SReclaimable: 44561644 kB SUnreclaim: 1678736 kB KernelStack: 9336 kB PageTables: 457516 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 72364108 kB Committed_AS: 22305444 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 480164 kB VmallocChunk: 34290830848 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 12216320 kB HugePages_Total: 2048 HugePages_Free: 2048 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 5604 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB DirectMap1G: 132120576 kB Slabtop: slabtop --once Active / Total Objects (% used) : 225920064 / 226193412 (99.9%) Active / Total Slabs (% used) : 11556364 / 11556415 (100.0%) Active / Total Caches (% used) : 110 / 194 (56.7%) Active / Total Size (% used) : 43278793.73K / 43315465.42K (99.9%) Minimum / Average / Maximum Object : 0.02K / 0.19K / 4096.00K OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME 221416340 221416039 3% 0.19K 11070817 20 44283268K dentry 1123443 1122739 99% 0.41K 124827 9 499308K fuse_request 1122320 1122180 99% 0.75K 224464 5 897856K fuse_inode 761539 754272 99% 0.20K 40081 19 160324K vm_area_struct 437858 223259 50% 0.10K 11834 37 47336K buffer_head 353353 347519 98% 0.05K 4589 77 18356K anon_vma_chain 325090 324190 99% 0.06K 5510 59 22040K size-64 146272 145422 99% 0.03K 1306 112 5224K size-32 137625 137614 99% 1.02K 45875 3 183500K nfs_inode_cache 128800 118407 91% 0.04K 1400 92 5600K anon_vma 59101 46853 79% 0.55K 8443 7 33772K radix_tree_node 52620 52009 98% 0.12K 1754 30 7016K size-128 19359 19253 99% 0.14K 717 27 2868K sysfs_dir_cache 10240 7746 75% 0.19K 512 20 2048K filp VFS cache pressure: cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure 125 Swappiness: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 0 I know that unused memory is wasted memory, so this should not necessarily be a bad thing (especially given that 44 GB are shown as SReclaimable). However, apparently the machine experienced problems nonetheless, and I'm afraid the same will happen again in a few days when Slab surpasses 90 GB. Questions I have these questions: Am I correct in thinking that the Slab memory is always physical RAM, and the number is already subtracted from the MemFree value? Is such a high number of dentry entries normal? The PHP application has access to around 1.5 M files, however most of them are archives and not being accessed at all for regular web traffic. What could be an explanation for the fact that the number of cached inodes is much lower than the number of cached dentries, should they not be related somehow? If the system runs into memory trouble, should the kernel not free some of the dentries automatically? What could be a reason that this does not happen? Is there any way to "look into" the dentry cache to see what all this memory is (i.e. what are the paths that are being cached)? Perhaps this points to some kind of memory leak, symlink loop, or indeed to something the PHP application is doing wrong. The PHP application code as well as all asset files are mounted via GlusterFS network file system, could that have something to do with it? Please keep in mind that I can not investigate as root, only as a regular user, and that the administrator refuses to help. He won't even run the typical echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches test to see if the Slab memory is indeed reclaimable. Any insights into what could be going on and how I can investigate any further would be greatly appreciated. Updates Some further diagnostic information: Mounts: cat /proc/self/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /phptmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 tmpfs /wsdltmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,relatime,cpuset 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpu cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuacct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/memory cgroup rw,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/devices cgroup rw,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/net_cls cgroup rw,relatime,net_cls 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,relatime,blkio 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol /var/www fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol /var/upload fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0 172.17.39.78:/www /data/www nfs rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 0 0 Mount info: cat /proc/self/mountinfo 16 21 0:3 / /proc rw,relatime - proc proc rw 17 21 0:0 / /sys rw,relatime - sysfs sysfs rw 18 21 0:5 / /dev rw,relatime - devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 19 18 0:11 / /dev/pts rw,relatime - devpts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 20 18 0:16 / /dev/shm rw,relatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw 21 1 253:1 / / rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 22 16 0:15 / /proc/bus/usb rw,relatime - usbfs /proc/bus/usb rw 23 21 8:1 / /boot rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/sda1 rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 24 21 0:17 / /phptmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 25 21 0:18 / /wsdltmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 26 16 0:19 / /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc rw,relatime - binfmt_misc none rw 27 21 0:20 / /cgroup/cpuset rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuset 28 21 0:21 / /cgroup/cpu rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpu 29 21 0:22 / /cgroup/cpuacct rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuacct 30 21 0:23 / /cgroup/memory rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,memory 31 21 0:24 / /cgroup/devices rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,devices 32 21 0:25 / /cgroup/freezer rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,freezer 33 21 0:26 / /cgroup/net_cls rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,net_cls 34 21 0:27 / /cgroup/blkio rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,blkio 35 21 0:28 / /var/www rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 36 21 0:29 / /var/upload rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 37 21 0:30 / /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rw,relatime - rpc_pipefs sunrpc rw 39 21 0:31 / /data/www rw,relatime - nfs 172.17.39.78:/www rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 GlusterFS config: cat /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol volume remote1 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.71 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote2 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.72 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote3 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.73 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote4 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.74 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume replicate1 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote1 remote2 end-volume volume replicate2 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote3 remote4 end-volume volume distribute type cluster/distribute subvolumes replicate1 replicate2 end-volume volume iocache type performance/io-cache option cache-size 8192MB # default is 32MB subvolumes distribute end-volume volume writeback type performance/write-behind option cache-size 1024MB option window-size 1MB subvolumes iocache end-volume ### Add io-threads for parallel requisitions volume iothreads type performance/io-threads option thread-count 64 # default is 16 subvolumes writeback end-volume volume ra type performance/read-ahead option page-size 2MB option page-count 16 option force-atime-update no subvolumes iothreads end-volume

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• ruby / rails boolean method naming conventions

  - by Dennis

  I have a short question on ruby / rails method naming conventions or good practice. Consider the following methods: # some methods performing some sort of 'action' def action; end def action!; end # some methods checking if performing 'action' is permitted def action?; end def can_action?; end def action_allowed?; end So I wonder, which of the three ampersand-methods would be the "best" way to ask for permissions. I would go with the first one somehow, but in some cases I think this might be confused with meaning has_performed_action?. So the second approach might make that clearer but is also a bit more verbose. The third one is actually just for completeness. I don't really like that one. So are there any commonly agreed-on good practices for that?

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• ruby in 100 minutes good_morning method issue

  - by user2525947

  I have been doing the Ruby in 100 minutes on the JumpStart labs website, and encountered a problem during part 5. I was asked to create a good_morning method that would print out a greeting such as 'Happy Monday, it's the 130 day of 2013'. Here is my current program: class PersonalChef def good_morning today = Date.today.strftime("%A") day_of_year = Date.today.yday puts "Happy#{today}! It is the #{day_of_year} day of year." return self end def make_toast(color) puts " Making your toast #{color}!" return self end def make_milkshake(flavor) puts " Making a #{flavor} milkshake!" return self end def make_eggs(quantity) puts " Making you #{quantity} eggs!" return self end end when I try to run the program load on irb( 'personal_chef.rb', frank = PersonalChef.new, frank.make_milkshake('chocolate'), etc, everything works fine until I try to type frank.good_morning into irb, which gives the following error message: NameError: uninitialized constant PersonalChef :: Date from personal_chef.rb:5: in good_morning from (irb):3 from /bin/irb:12:in '' Any help or information to help me solve this issue would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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• Help me refactoring this nasty Ruby if/else statement

  - by Suborx

  Hello, so I have this big method in my application for newsletter distribution. Method is for updating rayons and i need to assigned user to rayon. I have relation n:n through table colporteur_in_rayons witch have attributes since_date and _until_date. I am junior programmer and i know this code is pretty dummy :) I appreciated every suggestion. def update rayon = Rayon.find(params[:id]) if rayon.update_attributes(params[:rayon]) if params[:user_id] != "" unless rayon.users.empty? unless rayon.users.last.id.eql?(params[:user_id]) rayon.colporteur_in_rayons.last.update_attributes(:until_date = Time.now) Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been succesuly assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end else Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been successfully assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end end flash[:success] = "Rayon has been successfully updated." return redirect_to rayons_path else flash[:error] = "Rayon has not been updated." return redirect_to :back end end

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• BDD / TDD with JSpec - Removing code duplication

  - by Chetan

  How do I refactor to remove the code duplication in this spec: describe 'TestPlugins' describe '.MovieScanner(document)' before_each MoviePage_loggedIn = fixture("movie_logged_in.html") // Get logged-in movie page MoviePage_notloggedIn = fixture("movie_not_logged_in.html") // Get non logged-in movie page scanner = new MovieScanner() // Get movie scanner end it 'should scan logged-in movie page for movie data' doc = MoviePage_loggedIn // Get document to scan // Unit Tests // ------------------------------------------------------------ // Test movie scanner's functions scanner.getMovieTitle(doc).should.eql "The Jacket" scanner.getMovieYear(doc).should.eql "2005" // Test movie scanner's main scan function scannedData = scanner.scan(doc) scannedData.title.should.eql "The Jacket" scannedData.year.should.eql "2005" end it 'should scan non logged-in movie page for movie data' doc = MoviePage_notloggedIn // Get document to scan // Unit Tests // ------------------------------------------------------------ // Test movie scanner's functions scanner.getMovieTitle(doc).should.eql "The Jacket" scanner.getMovieYear(doc).should.eql "2005" // Test movie scanner's main scan function scannedData = scanner.scan(doc) scannedData.title.should.eql "The Jacket" scannedData.year.should.eql "2005" end end end

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• Rails routes and model woes

  - by Chris Maness

  I'm a little new to rails sorry if this seems basic Alright so here's the deal I'm creating an application that will have many users and all the users have many songs. However when I try to create a song I get the following error:No action responded to 1. Actions: create and new and my browser is at the url: http://0.0.0.0:3000/users/1/songs which is not the correct route it should have redirected to songs/create Here is my controller code: class SongsController < ApplicationController def index @user = current_user @songs = @user.songs end def new @user = current_user @song = @user.songs.build end def create @user = current_user @song = @user.songs.build(params[:song]) if @song.save redirect_to user_song_url(@user, @song) else render :action => "new" end end end If anyone can help I would greatly appreciate it.

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• Why is lua crashing after extracting zip files?

  - by Brian T Hannan

  I have the following code but it crashes every time it reaches the end of the function, but it successfully extracts all the files and puts them in the right location. require "zip" function ExtractZipAndCopyFiles(zipPath, zipFilename, destinationPath) local zfile, err = zip.open(zipPath .. zipFilename) -- iterate through each file insize the zip file for file in zfile:files() do local currFile, err = zfile:open(file.filename) local currFileContents = currFile:read("*a") -- read entire contents of current file local hBinaryOutput = io.open(destinationPath .. file.filename, "wb") -- write current file inside zip to a file outside zip if(hBinaryOutput)then hBinaryOutput:write(currFileContents) hBinaryOutput:close() end end zfile:close() end -- call the function ExtractZipAndCopyFiles("C:\\Users\\bhannan\\Desktop\\LUA\\", "example.zip", "C:\\Users\\bhannan\\Desktop\\ZipExtractionOutput\\") Why does it crash every time it reaches the end?

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• Download and write .tar.gz files without corruption.

  - by arbales

  I've tried numerous ways of downloading files, specifically .zip and .tar.gz, with Ruby and write them to the disk. I've found that the file appears to be the same as the reference (in size), but the archives refuse to extract. What I'm attempting now is: Thanks! def download_request(url, filePath:path, progressIndicator:progressBar) file = File.open(path, "w+") begin Net::HTTP.get_response URI.parse(url) do |response| if response['Location']!=nil puts 'Direct to: ' + response['Location'] return download_request(response['Location'], filePath:path, progressIndicator:progressBar) end # some stuff response.read_body do |segment| file.write(segment) # some progress stuff. end end ensure file.close end end download_request("http://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/tarball/master", filePath:"tarball.tar.gz", progressIndicator:nil)

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• mongo_mapper custom data types for localization

  - by rick

  hi i have created a LocalizedString custom data type for storing / displaying translations using mongo_mapper. This works for one field but as soon as i introduce another field they get written over each and display only one value for both fields. The to_mongo and from_mongo seem to be not workings properly. Please can any one help with this ? her is the code : class LocalizedString attr_accessor :translations def self.from_mongo(value) puts self.inspect @translations ||= if value.is_a?(Hash) value elsif value.nil? {} else { I18n.locale.to_s => value } end @translations[I18n.locale.to_s] end def self.to_mongo(value) puts self.inspect if value.is_a?(Hash) @translations = value else @translations[I18n.locale.to_s] = value end @translations end end Thank alot Rick

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• Active Record like functionality on array instance variable

  - by rube_noob

  I would like to write a module that provides active record like functionality on an array instance variable. Examples of its use would be x = Container.new x.include(ContainerModule) x.elements << Element.new x.elements.find id module ContainerModule def initialize(*args) @elements = [] class << @elements def <<(element) #do something with the Container... super(element) end def find(id) #find an element using the Container's id self #=> #<Array..> but I need #<Container..> end end super(*args) end end The problem is that I need the Container object within these methods. Any reference to self will return the Array, not the Container object. Is there any way to do this? Thanks!

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• How to run only the latest/a given test using Rspec?

  - by marcgg

  Let's say I have a big spec file with 20 tests because I'm testing a large model and I had no other way of doing it : describe Blah it "should do X" do ... end it "should do Y" do ... end ... it "should do Z" do ... end end Running a single file is faster than running the whole test suite, but it's still pretty long. Is there a way to run the last one (ie the one at the end of the file, here "should do Z")? If this is not possible, is there a way to specify which test I want to run in my file ?

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• Observer not clearing cache in Rails 2.3.2 - please help.

  - by Jason

  Hi, We are using Rails 2.3.2, Ruby 1.8 & memcache. In my Posts controller I have: cache_sweeper Company::Caching::Sweepers::PostSweeper, :only => [:save_post] I have created the following module: module Company module Caching module Sweepers class PostSweeper < ActionController::Caching::Sweeper observe Post def after_save(post) Rails.cache.delete("post_" + post.permalink) end end end end end but when the save_post method is invoked, the cache is never deleted. Just hoping someone can see what I am doing wrong here. Thanks.

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• Devise and cancan gems: has_many association

  - by tiktak

  I use devise and cancan gems and have simple model association: user has_many subscriptions, subscription belongs_to :user. Have following SubscriptionsController: class SubscriptionsController < ApplicationController load_and_authorize_resource :user load_and_authorize_resource :subscription, through: :user before_filter :authenticate_user! def index @subscriptions = @user.subscriptions.paginate(:page => params[:page]).order(:created_at) end #other actions end And Cancan Ability.rb: class Ability include CanCan::Ability def initialize(user) user ||=User.new can [:index, :show], [Edition, Kind] if user.admin? can :manage, :all elsif user.id can [:read, :create, :destroy, :pay], Subscription, user_id: user.id can [:delete_from_cart, :add_to_cart, :cart], User, id: user.id end end end The problem is that i cannot use subscriptions actions as a user but can as a admin. And have no problems with UsersController. When i delete following lines from SubscriptionsController: load_and_authorize_resource :user load_and_authorize_resource :subscription, through: :user before_filter :authenticate_user! Have no problems at all. So the issue in these lines or in Ability.rb. Any suggestions?

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• How to get attribute of a model saved in instance variable

  - by Nazar

  I am writing a plugin, in which i define a new relation dynamically with in plugin. Sample code is given below module AttachDocumentsAs @as = nil def attach_documents_as(*attachment_as) attachment_as = attachment_as.to_a.flatten.compact.map(&:to_sym) @as = attachment_as.first class_inheritable_reader(@as) class_eval do has_many @as, :as => :attachable, :class_name=>"AttachDocuments::Models::AttachedDocument" accepts_nested_attributes_for @as end end end now in any model i used it as class Person < AtiveRecord::Base attach_documents_as :financial_documents end Now want to access want to access this attribute of the class in overloaded initialize method like this def initialize(*args) super(*args) "#{@as}".build end But it is not getting required attribute, can any one help me in it. I want to build this relation and set some initial values. Waiting for guidelines from all you guys.

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• Why isn't my Ruby object deleted when the last reference goes out of scope?

  - by Andrew Clegg

  Hi gurus, I've found a weird effect when trying to track down a memory leak in a Rails app. Can anyone explain what's going on here? Save this script as a plain Ruby script (Rails not necessary): class Fnord def to_s 'fnord' end end def test f = Fnord.new end test GC.start sleep 2 ObjectSpace.each_object do |o| puts o if o.is_a? Fnord end When I run this via ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-12 patchlevel 174) [i486-linux] I get the following: bash $ ruby var_test fnord Although the variable f is out of scope, there are no other references to the single Fnord object, and I've garbage collected, the object still seems to exist. Is this a nefarious memory leak of some sort, or am I completely missing something about Ruby? Further, if I change the test method to this: def test f = Fnord.new f = nil end I get no output. But surely this should not change the semantics here? Many thanks!

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• "Personal" method in ruby

  - by steve gooberman-hill

  I'm looking for a way of making a method "personal" - note NOT PRIVATE to a class here is an example - by "personal" I mean the behaviour of method "foo" class A def foo "foo" end end class B < A def foo "bar" end end class C < B end a=A.new; b=B.new;c=C.new I'm looking for a way of producing the following behaviour a.foo #=> "foo" b.foo #=> "bar" c.foo #=> "foo" (ultimate base class method called) Any ideas? Thanks Steve

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• Avoiding class_eval in Ruby metaprogramming

  - by Peter

  I want to have a return_empty_set class method in Ruby, similar to the attr_reader methods. My proposed implementation is class Class def return_empty_set *list list.each do |x| class_eval "def #{x}; Set.new; end" end end end and example usage: class Foo return_empty_set :one end Foo.new.one # returns #<Set: {}> but resorting to a string seems like quite a hack. Is there a cleaner or better way to write this, perhaps avoiding class_eval? Or is this the best way to go?

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• Excel - referenced values via OleDB from .Net client

  - by ho

  I'm trying to read an Excel file (.xls, I think Excel 2003 compatible) via OleDB, but it fails to get the values for referenced fields. This is my current test code (please note, this is just part of the class): Private m_conn As OleDbConnection Public Sub New(ByVal fileName As String) Dim connString As String = String.Format("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source={0};Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;", fileName) m_conn = New OleDbConnection(connString) m_conn.Open() End Sub Public Sub GetSheet(ByVal sheet As String) Dim query As String = String.Format("SELECT * FROM [{0}]", sheet) Using cmd As OleDbCommand = m_conn.CreateCommand() cmd.CommandText = query Dim ds As New DataSet() Dim a As New OleDbDataAdapter(cmd) Using rdr As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader() While rdr.Read() Debug.WriteLine(rdr.Item(0).ToString()) End While End Using End Using End Sub But if the value is a reference (something like =+'MySheetName'!K37), I just get a DBNull from the call to rdr.Item(0). I can get around this by automating Excel instead, but would prefer not to have to use Excel automation so wondering if anyone knows how to do it.

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• VS 2010 Entity Repository Error Class member EntityBase.id is unmapped.

  - by Steve

  In my project I have it set up so that all the tables in the DB has the property "id" and then I have the entity objects inherit from the EntityBase class using a repository pattern. I then set the inheritance modifier for "id" property in the dbml file o/r designer to "overrides" Public MustInherit Class EntityBase MustOverride Property id() As Integer End Class Public MustInherit Class RepositoryBase(Of T As EntityBase) Protected _Db As New DataClasses1DataContext Public Function GetById(ByVal Id As Integer) As T Return (From a In _Db.GetTable(Of T)() Where a.id = Id).SingleOrDefault End Function End Class Partial Public Class Entity1 Inherits EntityBase End Class Public Class TestRepository Inherits RepositoryBase(Of Entity1) End Class the line Return (From a In _Db.GetTable(Of T)() Where a.id = Id).SingleOrDefault however produces the error "Class member EntityBase.id is unmapped" when i use VS 2010 using the 4.0 framework but I never received that error with the old one. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Putting $$s in the middle of an `equation` environment: why doesn't Latex complain?

  - by Charles Stewart

  I was surprised that the Latex code from a recent question didn't throw up any errors, and even more surprised on further investigation, that Crowley's explanation seems to be true. My intuition about the \begin{equation} ... \end{equation} code is clearly off, what's really going on? Consider this, slightly adapted code: \begin{equation} 1: e^{i\pi}+1=0 $$ 2: B\"ob $$ 3: e=mc^2 \end{equation} This seems to prove that Crowley's explanation of such code, namely that "What that code says to LaTeX is begin equation, end it, begin it again, typeset definition of tangens and end the equation" is right: lines 1&3 can only be typeset in maths mode, line 2 only in text mode. Shouldn't Latex see that the \end{equation} is ending a display math that wasn't started by the \begin{equation}?

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• Ruby string encoding problem

  - by John Prideaux

  I've looked at the other ruby/encoding related posts but haven't been able to figure out why the following is not working. Likely just because I'm dense, but here's the situation. Using Ruby 1.9 on windows. I have a set of CSV files that need some data appended to the end of each line. Whenever I run my script, the appended characters are gibberish. The input text appears to be IBM437 encoding, whereas my string I'm appending starts as US-ASCII. Nothing I've tried with respect to forcing encoding on the input strings or the append string seems to change the resultant output. I'm stumped. The current encoding version is simply the last that I tried. def append_salesperson(txt, salesperson) if txt.length > 2 return txt.chomp.force_encoding('US-ASCII') + %(, "", "", "#{salesperson}") end end salespeople = Hash[ "fname", "Record Manager"] outfile = File.open("ActData.csv", "w:US-ASCII") salespeople.each do | filename, recordManager | infile = File.open("#{filename}.txt") infile.each do |line| outfile.puts append_salesperson(line, recordManager) end infile.close end outfile.close

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• Convert this VB code to C#?

  - by Róisín Kerr Lautman

  I was wondering if anyone would be able to help me convert the below code to c#? From what I have read it seems to be similar however I am not sure if my 'case' statements are still able to be used? Public Class Form1 Dim dteStart As Date Dim dteFinish As Date Dim span As TimeSpan Public Sub KeyDown(ByVal Sender As System.Object, ByVal e As _ System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs) Handles MyBase.KeyDown Select Case e.KeyCode Case Keys.Q Label1.BackColor = Color.Green dteStart = Now() Case Keys.W Label2.BackColor = Color.Green Case Keys.E Label3.BackColor = Color.Green Case Keys.R Label4.BackColor = Color.Green dteFinish = Now() span = dteFinish.Subtract(dteStart) Label5.Text = span.ToString End Select End Sub Public Sub KeyUp(ByVal Sender As System.Object, ByVal e As _ System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs) Handles MyBase.KeyUp Select Case e.KeyCode Case Keys.Q Label1.BackColor = Color.Red Case Keys.W Label2.BackColor = Color.Red Case Keys.E Label3.BackColor = Color.Red Case Keys.R Label4.BackColor = Color.Red End Select End Sub End Class

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• Using MicrosoftReportViewer with Web Forms programmatically

  - by user283897

  Hi, I'm repeating my question because the prior one under this topic was lost. Could you please help me? I want to use MicrosoftReportViewer for Web Forms so that the DataSource be set programmatically. There is some sample code on the Internet for Windows Forms but I haven't found anything for Web Forms. For example, here is some code I've tried to use. It gives no errors but nothing is displayed. How should I modify the code to display a table in the ReportViewer? Imports System.Data Imports Microsoft.Reporting.WebForms Partial Class TestReportViewer Inherits System.Web.UI.Page Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load CreateReport() End Sub Sub CreateReport() Dim dt As DataTable Dim rpt As ReportDataSource dt = New DataTable("Sample") With dt .Columns.Add("No", GetType(Integer)) .Columns.Add("Name") .Rows.Add(1, "A1") .Rows.Add(2, "A2") .Rows.Add(3, "A3") .Rows.Add(4, "A4") .AcceptChanges() End With rpt = New ReportDataSource rpt.DataMember = "Sample" rpt.Value = dt rpt.Name = "test" With ReportViewer1 .LocalReport.DataSources.Add(rpt) .DataBind() .LocalReport.Refresh() End With End Sub End Class

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• Sinatra Set Settings (Ruby)

  - by JP

  Using Sinatra in Ruby you can set the server's settings by doing: set :myvariable, "MyValue" and then access it anywhere in templates etc with settings.myvariable. In my script I need to be able to re-set these variables falling back to a bunch of defaults. I figured the easiest way to do this would be to have a function that performs all the sets calling it at the start of the Sinatra server and when I need to make the alterations: class MyApp < Sinatra::Application helpers do def set_settings s = settings_from_yaml() set :myvariable, s['MyVariable'] || "default" end end # Here I would expect to be able to do: set_settings() # But the function isn't found! get '/my_path' do if things_go_right set_settings end end # Etc end As explained in the code above, the set_settings function isn't found, am I going about this the wrong way?

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• Help me refactor this nasty Ruby if/else statement

  - by Suborx

  Hello, so I have this big method in my application for newsletter distribution. Method is for updating rayons and I need to assign a user to rayon. I have relation n:n through table colporteur_in_rayons which has attributes since_date and until_date. I am a junior programmer and I know this code is pretty dummy :) I appreciate every suggestion. def update rayon = Rayon.find(params[:id]) if rayon.update_attributes(params[:rayon]) if params[:user_id] != "" unless rayon.users.empty? unless rayon.users.last.id.eql?(params[:user_id]) rayon.colporteur_in_rayons.last.update_attributes(:until_date => Time.now) Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been succesuly assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end else Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been successfully assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end end flash[:success] = "Rayon has been successfully updated." return redirect_to rayons_path else flash[:error] = "Rayon has not been updated." return redirect_to :back end end

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