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  • Chroot jail of Nginx and php

    - by sqren
    I'm hosting multiple websites on one VPS, and want to chroot each website, eg. /chroot/website1 /chroot/website2 I'm using makejail, which is a highlevel tool, for creating the jails, and copying the libraries and dependencies. Easy peasy. Each website will need nginx, php and mysql. For php I'm using php5-fpm which actually supports chroot by configuration, however I'm not using this (maybe I should?) My question is which approach of the following three is the better: 1) Every website will have its own seperated instance of nginx, php and mysql. The downside is, that each webserver + php has to listen to a different port. I also need a "master" nginx web server in front of them, reverse proxying to the chrooted servers behind it. Probably most secure, but also most advanced. 2) I don't make any chroot jails manually. I setup one nginx web server, that proxies php requests to php-fpm, on different ports. I can have multiple php-fpm configurations each with is own chroot'ed folder. This is quite managable - however only php will be chrooted. Not the actual webserver. Is this secure enough. Also, I tried this option out, and it seems I will need to use TCP instead of sockets for connecting to MySQL. 3) You tell me ;) I'm quite new to chroot jailing, so please correct me if I'm wrong in my assumptions. I've been reading all the tutorials I could find, however, I find the market for chroot guides very scarce. Any help or inputs much appreciated!

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  • Black Screen and System Hang - Possibly CPU overheating

    - by Mahesh
    I have this old computer - P4 2.0ghz, 1.2GB RAM and onboard graphics(no external card), 80GBHDD. It has xubuntu installed on it and it regularly hangs when it takes more system resources for say like graphical programs, too many tabs on firefox etc. It just either hangs the system or shows black screen. Tested if it was issue of HD but it wasn't because i have used linux livecd and problem is still the same even if I have removed the HD. I have also tested with USB linux (puppy linux and ubuntu linux on 8gb drives). Tested windows XP as well on this HD and results are the same. Tested another HD on this machine, results are still the same with it. System hangs or goes black screen and requires restart. I thought later it could be thermal heat issue and then applied thermal paste on heatsink but still it fails to work for me. It continues to show symptoms. Another thing which was yet to be tested is changing of CPU fan which was not done because I have not found any fan for old pentium 4 machine in the market. I have to hit online stores (but i am in india and it's hard to find it in online shops which can deliver it to me). So far I don't see this as HD or Monitor or OS issue because I have tested with other HD and results are the same. So it could be either CPU fan or motherboard? What could be possible issue with the hardware?

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  • Intel z77 vs h77 for intensive compiling, gaming [closed]

    - by Bilal Akhtar
    I'm in the market for a desktop motherboard (preferably ATX) that functions well with Intel i7-3770 Ivy Bridge processor at 3.4 GHz with LGA1155 socket. That processor is very fast, and it should handle all my tasks. My question is about the type of motherboard chipset I should choose to accompany it. I plan to use my rig for compiling and developing Debian package and other OS components, web development, occasional Android apps, chroots, VMs, FlightGear, other gaming but nothing serious, and heavy multitasking, all on Ubuntu. I do NOT plan to overclock, and I never will, so that's not a cause of concern for me. That said, I'm down to three chipset choices: Intel H77 Intel Z68 Intel Z77 I'm planning to go for H77 since I don't need any of the new features in Z77. I don't plan to use a second GPU and I will never overclock my CPU/GPU. My question is, will H77 based MoBos handle all my tasks well? Intel advertises that chipset as "everyday computing" but other sites say it's base functionality is the same as Z77. Intel rather advertises Z77 for "serious multitaskers, hardcore gamers and overclocking enthusiasts". But the problem with all Z77 motherboards I've seen is, they're way too expensive and their main feature seems to be overclocking, which won't be useful to me. Will I lose any raw CPU/GPU performance or HDD R/w with the H77 when comparing it to a Z77? Will heat, etc be an issue too? From what I've seen, Z77 motherboards have larger heat sinks when compared to H77 ones. Will that be an issue too, if I go with an H77 motherboard with no heat sinks for the chipset? The CPU will have a fan in both cases, of course. tl;dr When it comes to CPU/GPU performance and HDD r/w, is the Intel H77 chipset slower than the Z77? I don't care about overclocking or multiple GPUs, and for the processor, I'm set on Ivy Bridge i7-3770.

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  • Alternatives to Splunk?

    - by MichaelGG
    I'm pretty impressed with Splunk, especially version 4. Pretty graphs, alerting (Enterprise only), and fast, accurate, searching. It's a great product. However, the cost just way too high to consider for full production use for our company. All we really need is to be able to index different logs in a central place, and have reasonable searching on that. Having alerts based on a saved search is also really nice. We don't really go beyond that. In fact, our biggest usage has been in deploying new applications. Everything gets logged via log4net to either the Event log on Windows or a text file on Linux. Splunk makes it pretty easy to quickly search across those to make sure all the parts of the app are working ok -- that's saved us tons of time versus hunting down individual logging sources. What alternatives exist in this market? I have a sinking feeling Splunk's pricing is so high because they have the best product by far, and they know it. We want the server to run on Windows. I'd be open to a split model, using one product for general logs (collect via syslog/Snare), and a dedicated product for our custom apps (like Log4Net Dashboard). Would using a simple syslog server such as Kiwi, sent to SQL Server (perhaps with fulltext enabled) work? I'd hope the cost should be well under 5 figures, USD. (And yes, I know, we're cheap. We're a startup with little money, and BizSpark takes care of all our MS licensing.) Edit: I should add, we have about 10 physical servers, 20 VMs, and a couple firewalls and switches. 90% is Windows.

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  • How can a Linux Administrator improve their shell scripting and automation skills?

    - by ewwhite
    In my organization, I work with a group of NOC staff, budding junior engineers and a handful of senior engineers; all with a focus on Linux. One interesting step in the way the company grows talent is that there's a path from the NOC to the senior engineering ranks. Viewing the talent pool as a relative newcomer, I see that there's a split in the skill sets that tends to grow over time... There are engineers who know one or several particular technologies well and are constantly immersed... e.g. MySQL, firewalls, SAN storage, load balancers... There are others who are generalists and can navigate multiple technologies. All learn enough Linux (commands, processes) to do what they need and use on a daily basis. A differentiating factor between some of the staff is how well they embrace scripting, automation and configuration management methodologies. For instance, we have two engineers who do the bulk of Amazon AWS CloudFormation work, and another who handles most of the Puppet infrastructure. Perhaps a quarter of the engineers are adept at BASH shell scripting. Looking at this in the context of the incredibly high demand for DevOps skills in the job market, I'm curious how other organizations foster the development of these skills and grow their internal talent. Scripting doesn't seem like a particularly-teachable concept. How does a sysadmin improve their shell scripting? Is there still a place for engineers who do not/cannot keep up in the DevOps paradigm? Are we simply to assume that some people will be left behind as these technologies evolve? Is that okay?

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  • Are HDMI to VGA Adapters Really Device-Specific?

    - by allquixotic
    There are a lot of devices on the market right now (especially mobile devices) with a Micro-HDMI or Mini-HDMI port and no VGA or D-Sub output. Most manufacturers of said devices sell a cable that looks something like this: I have yet to find a cable like this that claims to work on a wide array of devices. In general, these cables claim to work with one specific device only. The way these cables work, I think, is that analog VGA signals are sent from the HDMI port on the device. This should work for devices that have special hardware on the motherboard/GPU capable of driving this. Is it the case that these cables have to be custom designed for each device? Or, is it rather that any device which possesses this special "signaling of analog VGA over the HDMI port" can be made to work with a cable that is physically compatible (i.e. the HDMI end plugs into the device and the VGA end accepts a VGA monitor cable)? Note that I am not looking for a product recommendation, just a conceptual clarification on what exactly these devices are doing. Also, a few remarks: The cables like the one depicted here are not digital to analog converters. I know about these: they are expensive, and they are the ONLY solution if your device only outputs a digital signal and is incapable of driving analog VGA over the HDMI port. The cables like the one depicted here are not straight crossover cables from VGA to HDMI, either. The crossover cables are designed to send a digital HDMI signal over the VGA port's wires; that is, the wire protocol is HDMI (digital) but the physical pinout is the same as VGA, even though nothing analog is happening. Once again, this is not the behavior that, I believe, the devices which I'm talking about in this question are doing. The cabling and devices that this question is about transmit the analog VGA data over the HDMI port (the HDMI port is in the device outputting the data, and the VGA side is the monitor/projector).

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  • Bare-metal virtualisation for the desktop

    - by Andrew Taylor
    Hi, Does anyone have any knowledge about bare-metal virtualisation products? I'm interested in building a new desktop machine for home, I've been looking at the Intel Quad Core processors and I'd like to put 8GB of RAM in there, but, it got me thinking about making the most out of the available resources. I thought if I could get a good 64bit machine, put some bare-metal virtualisation on, then have a primary system, I'd also be able to bring up some extra virtualised systems as and when I needed. I know most of the bare metal systems are designed for the server market, but, is there anything out there that works well for a desktop. What are the caveats? I presume I won't be able to make the most out of any video cards I could buy, what about just getting a decent screen resolution, will this be a problem? I run a single 24" screen. What about DVD/CD writing, is this possible? I'd like to re-rip my CD collection, I was hoping the quad 64Bit goodness would help me out with the encoding. I currently use a Mac and couldn't go back to windows so that leaves Linux, I was thinking a primary OS of ubuntu. Does this make a difference? Thanks Andrew

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  • Trying to understand Wireless N vs Wireless AC

    - by EGHDK
    Whenever a new wireless standard gets approved you expect faster speeds and longer range. From everything that I've read about it, it seems that AC will only transfer over the 5GHz band and up to 3Gbps. Studying the new AC routers on the market, it seems that they will transfer over 5GHz and 2.4GHz. And 5GHz will only transfer at 1.3Gbps. Which isn't what AC is supposed to be. I know there is a difference between what the standard actually says, and what products will actually do, but is there any reason for this? Is there any other main differences between AC and N? I've heard people discussing AC and saying that it's finally "fixing" what N was supposed to fix... what do they mean by that? Any security benefits? I have seen this image online: Will AC really do that? Will that require an AC network card in my laptop for that to actually happen? Lastly, will the router only be able to communicate with AC devices if I have beamforming technology on? I know it's a ton of questions, but most articles online seem to be outdated, and don't provide too much reliability.

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  • Recommendations for colocation in the US

    - by Emil
    Hello serverfault I work for a European media company and we are currently looking for colocation in the US. I know the European market quite well unfortunately that is not the case for the US. I'm hoping for you guys to help me out a bit with a few questions, it would be much appreciated! I am looking for a data center that can deliver a high level of availability (tier 3 or better). The installation will be fairly large so capacity is important. Good internet connectivity/carrier presence. However most important is good customer support, skilled dedicated and responsive technical staff, since we won't have tech staff close by. I'm looking for a small and fast moving company that target internet businesses rather than big old enterprise hosting. What locations should we go for given that we want to reach all of the US from a single site and still maintain decent latency? (do we need east and west coast?) Where are the main internet hubs and should you try and get as close as possible? Are there any good online resources I should look at? Where do the large scale internet/media services colocate? Lastly I would be very happy to get some actual recommendations for companies to talk to P.S I'm happy to return the favor if anyone has question regarding data centers and colocation in Europe.

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  • Is UPS worthwhile for home equipment?

    - by Jon Skeet
    Over the years, I've had to throw away a quite a few bits of computing equipment (and the like): Several ADSL routers with odd symptoms (losing wireless connections, losing wired connections, DHCP failures, DNS symptoms etc) Two PVRs spontaneously rebooting and corrupting themselves (despite the best efforts of the community to diagnose and help) One external hard disk still claiming to function, but corrupting data One hard disk as part of a NAS raid array "going bad" (as far as the NAS was concerned) (This is in addition to various laptops and printers dying in ways unrelated to this question.) Obviously it'll be impossible to tell for sure from such a small amount of information, but might these be related to power issues? I don't currently have a UPS for any of this equipment. Everything on surge-protected gang sockets, but there's nothing to smooth a power cut. Is home UPS really viable and useful? I know there are some reasonably cheap UPSes on the market, but I don't know how useful they really are. I'm not interested in keeping my home network actually running during a power cut, but I'd like it to power down a bit more gracefully if the current situation is putting my hardware in jeopardy.

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  • Options for small windows network setup without dedicated server?

    - by Mitch
    I'm very weak on networking and hope someone can point me in the right direction: I have written some windows client/server software which incorporates a database which is located on a windows server. I have a test installation running at a customer's office where the server has a static IP address. In this case its easy for the clients to access the database because of the fixed IP address. Also, customers with network servers generally have specialist support staff to set up my software, so its not such a problem for me. However I also need to offer the software to customers who have small offices with less than 10 PCs and no dedicated network server. In this case I want the customer to be able to nominate one PC as the database "server" and install my software and have the clients access it. But in this situation I believe the "server" PC may not have a dedicated IP address. Q1: What is the best way to set this up simply and make it work? Can I reliably reference the "server" by using its name, or is there a way to assign dummy fixed IP addresses? Ideally this needs to be workable on small networks running a mixture of XP/Vista/Windows7 as my target market may well have mixed OSes etc. I guess this would be akin to home networking? Many thanks Mitch

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  • Designing a software based load balancer

    - by Kishore pandey
    Hello to all Server fault users, I am new to this website but have constantly been using the mother website, stackover flow. Well to begin with, i would like to design a load balancer for the organization i am working for. As i am very new to this whole, idea about load balancing and networks. I am finding it very difficult to start my project. I did a lot of research on already existing load balancer and found some(HAPROXY,NGINX) that could solve my problems, but the point is, I am still in a dilemma if they could answer the following requirements of mine: The client and server in my architecture are distributed. The load balancer should take care of the firewall. LB server should balance the load among all servers present in WWW cloud. The LB server should have some sort of configuration file, with the help of which it is possible to configure the servers. Heart beat: With the help of which it would be possible to check if any server is down, if any server is down the request should be passed to some other server. Various load balancing algorithms of the incoming requests. Easy error handling. It should be fairly possible to prioritize the incoming requests. Is there any already available load balncer solution on the market that could satisfy these requirements? If not is there any base code available with the help of which i could develop my own load balncer. If not where should i start from scratch? I am practically new to everything. Any help from a load balancer expert is very much appreciated. Thanx a ton in advance. Cheers and regards. Kishore

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  • About to go live: virtual dedicated server or cloud?

    - by morpheous
    I am about to launch my startup company, and we will be going live in a few weeks time. We have really tight budgetary constraints, since we are bootstrapping - and would prefer not to raise external capital. I cant use shared hosting because I need more control of the server machine (for technical reasons - e.g. using proprietary extensions to PHP, Apache and in the database layer as well) - but want to control costs and dont want to go fully private server route, until we have determined the market size etc. So the only real alternatives AFAIK is between virtual server and the cloud. At the moment, cloud services seem a bit "vague" to me. My understanding is that they allow an entity to outsource its IT infrastructure, which in my mind (at least), is indistinguishable from what a hosting provider provides (at least from a functional point of view) - I would like to seek some clarification on exactly what the difference between the two is. Back to my original question, my requirements are: IT infrastructure that can scale with growth Ability to have control of the machine (for e.g. to install our internally developed libraries etc) Backup software that is flexible and comprehensive enough (yet simple to use), that allows a (secured) backup strategy to be implemented. On this issue, I have always wondered where the actual backed up data was stored (since the physical machines are remote, and one cant get access to any actual tapes etc backed onto). I would also like some advice and recommendations in this area. Regarding data size, I am expecting the dataset to be increasing by a few megabytes of data (originally, say 10Mb, in about a years time, possibly 50Mb) every day. As an aside, I have decided to deploy on a Debian server (most of my additional libraries etc were compiled and built on a Debian machine). Mindful of all of the above, I would like some advice (and reason) as to which route to take. I would also like some advice on which backup software to use, from people who have walked a similar path.

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  • XenServer 5.5 running WHS.. trying to add local or network printer/scanner/copier

    - by ProstheticHead
    Hi guys. Just wondering if anyone has prior experience in sharing a multifunction printer across a (mostly windows) network? My situation at the minute is complicated.. I DID have the printer attached directly to a Windows Home Server box and was able to scan to a share and print across the network from my other computers. Compatibility problems have forced me to virtualize WHS on XenServer 5.5... This is actually quite useful because I can now run other things on the same box, but the problem is that now WHS doesn't get direct hardware access so it doesn't see a USB attached PSC... Grrrr! So now I have a choice to make. I've read somewhere that I can buy an add in PCI USB controller and somehow set up a passthrough to one VM at a time. To me, this sound complicated but if it's likely to work reliably I'd prefer this method. I've read about another approach, which I'm not sure about either, but I guess sounds plausible. A Network USB server, (NOT a print server) that can somehow make a USB port accessible across a network. My worry here is that it likely needs some kind of 3rd party software to work.. so not ideal. If there are any other methods you can suggest I'd be happy to hear them... I need your help guys. I'm also in the market for a PCI express SATA controller, nothing flashy, just need up to 8 ports, JBOD and 100% compatability.. Any suggestions? Regards Kevin

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  • Multi monitor setup with a tv as well?

    - by jasondavis
    I have always had a dual monitor setup for my pc's for years now. I am now in the market to build a new PC and get some new stuff. I need some help or advice on how to run 3 monitors WITH a 4th display which will be a lcd/plasma tv. So I am thinking I can get 2 video cards and that will give me all the hookups to run 3 monitors instead of 2. I will mount all 3 monitors in a row side by side and above them on the wall I would like to mount a larger 30-40+ inch lcd or plasma tv. I would then like to hook up my atelite/cable to this tv just as I would normally hook up a tv but I would like to also be able to have an option to view my PC o this tv as well. I know that is possible but would it be possible to view my PC on that tv and also still view my 3 other monitors and have the TV be a 4th display, where I could dock a different app/window in windows in all 4 displays (3 monitors + tv) ?? Please tell me any tips/advice on how to do this including what cables/software if any/converters/ you name it. Thanks for any help

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  • Xmonad on windows laptop

    - by Kevin L.
    I'm a Linux developer in the market for a laptop. 90% of my time is spent in Emacs, the terminal, and Google Chrome, and I want to use them within the excellent Xmonad tiling windows manager. Given these constraints, I can only see two options: Run Linux on a laptop Run Windows on the laptop, and spend all of my time working within a Linux VM. Years of experience suggest that the first option will take many frustrating hours and probably be suboptimal w.r.t. battery life, wifi, and fn keys like screen brightness or audio adjustment. For the second option, what would be the ideal setup? I've had a lot of luck with Cooperative Linux on my Samsung NC-10 netbook (Windows XP), but I would have to setup the X11 server myself. What about using VirtualBox (which includes the guest VM's GUI)? Has anyone tried this? Hardware-wise, I'm looking for something in the "Macbook Air killer" category; Samsung Series 9 laptop, Lenovo IdeaPad U300s, &c. (i.e., matte screen, 5h+ battery life, 3ish pound weight). Price is not a consideration; any suggestions?

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  • Scaling databases with cheap SSD hard drives

    - by Dennis Kashkin
    Hey guys! I hope that many of you are working with high traffic database-driven websites, and chances are that your main scalability issues are in the database. I noticed a couple of things lately: Most large databases require a team of DBAs in order to scale. They constantly struggle with limitations of hard drives and end up with very expensive solutions (SANs or large RAIDs, frequent maintenance windows for defragging and repartitioning, etc.) The actual annual cost of maintaining such databases is in $100K-$1M range which is too steep for me :) Finally, we got several companies like Intel, Samsung, FusionIO, etc. that just started selling extremely fast yet affordable SSD hard drives based on SLC Flash technology. These drives are 100 times faster in random read/writes than the best spinning hard drives on the market (up to 50,000 random writes per second). Their seek time is pretty much zero, so the cost of random I/O is the same as sequential I/O, which is awesome for databases. These SSD drives cost around $10-$20 per gigabyte, and they are relatively small (64GB). So, there seems to be an opportunity to avoid the HUGE costs of scaling databases the traditional way by simply building a big enough RAID 5 array of SSD drives (which would cost only a few thousand dollars). Then we don't care if the database file is fragmented, and we can afford 100 times more disk writes per second without having to spread the database across 100 spindles. . Is anybody else interested in this? I've been testing a few SSD drives and can share my results. If anybody on this site has already solved their I/O bottleneck with SSDs, I would love to hear your war stories! PS. I know that there are plenty of expensive solutions out there that help with scalability, for example the time proven RAM-based SANs. I want to be clear that even $50K is too expensive for my project. I have to find a solution that costs no more than $10K and does not take much time to implement.

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  • Important hardware components to avoid bottlenecks/improve speed on a laptop?

    - by joelhaus
    Looking for a powerful general use (including web development) laptop running Windows. Price points seem to be all over the place. Many less powerful machines are priced much higher than machines with better specs. How does one navigate this market? Are there any unpublished/under-publicized specs/bottlenecks you look for? Understanding that hardware improves over time, is there an efficient ratio that can be used (or something similar, like Windows Experience Index?) which will indicate how powerful a system is? Thanks in advance! P.S. Here is an example from a laptop released on September 17, 2010. Can anyone pick apart these specs? Is there missing information you would be looking for? OS: Win 7 Display: 16.4" LED backlit Processor: Intel Core i7-740QM, 6MB L3 Cache RAM: 6GB DDR3 1333MHz (8GB max.) Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GT 425M (1 GB of dedicated DDR3) HDD: 500GB 7200RPM SATA Hard Drive Removable Disc: Blue-ray with DVD±R/RW Misc: webcam/mic/speakers/bluetooth (via Sony Vaio VPC-F137FX/B)

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  • Is reliability reputation of mechanical keyboards overblown?

    - by Rarst
    A while back I worked up to finally buying mechanical keyboard (~$100 range, "black" switches) and was initially quite content with purchase. However just outside first year (read it - as soon as warranty expired) it started to develop repeat issues (press once, get chain of letter repeated) on multiple keys. It doesn't react to generic cleaning (up to compressed air) and searching Internet shows noticeable amount of people with similar-to-identical issues, spanning years. This makes me severely hesitant to buy another mechanical keyboard, considering: every other keyboard I ever owned, including ultra-cheap crap managed to last longer than that typing experience is nice, but not lifechanging-fan-forever nice for me my choice of mechanical keyboards is severely limited not many brands represented in local market and primarily crazy looking gamer models russian (not to mention russian and ukrainian if possible) layout excludes international ordering price tag for a meek year of use I got our of it is plain demoralizing It is obvious mechanical keyboards have their fans, but shopping around for "best fit" or getting into multiple hundreds price tags is probably not something I am highly interested in. Considering my constraints and bad experience with reliability, is it practical for me to sink more money into buying mechanical keyboard(s) again? In other words - manufacturers are beaming about how crazy reliable mechanical keyboards are. Are active long time users of such keyboards confidently of same opinion?

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  • Troubleshooting an overheating CPU

    - by Jeff Fry
    I & my father just recently put together a new PC. Specs below. From the very beginning, on boot it will often complain that the CPU is too hot. If I sit in BIOS and watch the CPU, it'll drop back down from red to blue (<72C), at which point I've tended to just boot into Windows...and haven't had any problems. In fact, I've played a couple hours straight of Skyrim at max settings, and not had any visible issues. That said, I've occasionally walked away & come back to find that it's crashed. Yesterday, it crashed (while idle) twice in 12 hours, which shifted the balance from busy-with-life to nervous-I'm-about-to-melt-something. I just installed Core Temp which is showing my 4 cores fluxuating between 70-98C. I'm guessing at this point that the CPU fan may be incorrectly installed or defective. My first thought is to either (a) add water cooling (which the case supports) and / or (b) replace the CPU fan with an after-market one. That said, I'm very open to suggestions. A note, while I certainly don't want to burn money here, I have a baby coming any day now and am still unpacking from a recent move so if I have a choice between an option that costs money and another that takes a while...I'll happily spend a bit extra. Side question: Should I be nervous to even have this on at this point? Let me know if there's something useful I could add to my report. Otherwise, I'm looking forward to your suggestions! Thanks. CPU Intel i7-2600 CPU w/ stock fan Other HW ASUS P8Z68-V Pro motherboard 64G SSD boot drive 4 older SATA HDs GIGABYTE ATI Radeon HD6950 1 GB DDR5 8G Kingston T1 Series RAM Corsair 650W Gold Certified power supply Antec P280 case

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  • when to upgrade server to include more cores, versus more processors, versus additional server?

    - by gkdsp
    The server hosting market is separated into single, double, qual, etc., processors, where each processor has several cores, or CPUs. My company will offer a Linux-based web application that relies on an Apache web server and a middle tier for business logic. The middle tier is used to crunch math, and return result to a client. Many clients may access the application simultaneously. The company will start with one processor having 4 cores. I'm trying to understand how the app uses the cores and then how to scale the application as business grows, in terms of servers/processors/cores. For example, I'd assume initially one core would be used for Apache, and the other 3 used to process client's requests for math crunching... Question 1: does that mean, with the 3 cores available, I can handle 3 separate client requests simultaneously (e.g. 1 for each of 3 cores)? I mean, except for the shared RAM, is this effectively like having 3 individual machines (from pt of view or processing client requests simulaneously)? Or, only one client's request may be processed at any one time, but that client's request is divided up into up to 3 cores depending on the type of process running that does the math crunching and whether or not it can take advantage of multi threading (so the # of cores impacts how fast any one client request completes)? I'm confused about what the cores mean to the application here. Question 2: As the business grows and more client requests need to be processed, should the server be upgraded to (A) a new machine with more cores, (B) a new machine with two processors, 4 cores each, or (C) keep the original server and add another server with a single processor? Which route provides the most efficient way to scale the application, in terms of processing more client requests per time interval? Is the choice, for example, limited by RAM (when you need more RAM than box can handle it's time to add another server), or something else? Question 3: Is the total number of client requests processed simultaneously equal to the number of cores times the number of servers (minus the one core for Apache)?

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  • EC2 Auto-Scaling with Spot and On-Demand Instances?

    - by platforms
    I'm looking to optimize the cost of our auto-scaling EC2 groups by having them launch spot instances instead of on-demand instances. What I really want is to be able to keep some servers in the group as on-demand instances, regardless of what happens to the spot instance pricing market. Then I want any additional servers in the group, above my configured minimum, to be spot instances. I'm generally OK with the delay in adding servers via spot requests. I can't seem to find any way to do this and I've tried to scour the AWS documentation. It appears that an ASG can either be on-demand or spot, but not a hybrid. I could possibly manually add an on-demand instance to the Elastic Load Balancer assigned to the auto-scaling group, but then the load of that server would not be factored into the auto-scaling measurements and triggers. I suppose I could enter a ridiculously high bid price in order to ensure that I always get the servers I need, but then I look at the pricing history and see occasional large spikes. The AWS documentation is at odds with itself, since in one place it says that if you enter a server minimum, that number is "ensured" to be there. But then when you read about spot instances, there are no assurances. The price differential for spot is compelling, so I'd like to leverage that as much as I can while still maintaining an always-on baseline. Is this possible?

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  • What sound cards are there besides Creative's that offer benefits for gaming?

    - by Vilx-
    Many years (6? 7?) ago I bought an Audigy sound card to replace the onboard sound and was astonished at the improvement in games. It was a completely different sound, the whole experience became way more immersive. As the time has passed however the card has become old. The support for the latest Windows versions is declining and newer technologies have definitely been developed. So I was starting to wonder - what newer hardware exists? Sure, there is the Sound Blaster X-Fi, but that's quite expensive and I'm not entirely thrilled by past policies of Creative either (like the whole affair with Daniel_K). But are there any alternatives? EAX is a patent by Creative, so it's doubtful that any other manufacturer has implemented it. And I haven't heard of any competing standards either. To clarify, what I would like is something like a "sound accelerator". A sound card that would offload sound processing from my CPU while at the same time giving astounding effects that would be impractical to do on CPU in the first place. I'm not interested in absurd sampling rates (for the most time I can't tell MP3 and a CD apart) or uncountable channels (I'm using stereo headphones). But I am interested in special effects in games. Are there any alternatives or is Creative a monopoly in this market?

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  • php validation code format

    - by user2970887
    Okay I have this MySQL database form and am trying to add validation to it. After 2 days of fighting with it, I thought I would get some advice. Would like that the selected item from dropdown and Firstname, Phone, Email, are all required. Then I want to verify that the data in the Firstname, Lastname, Phone (doesn't have to be any special format), Email and Comments are all acceptable formats before putting in database. Here is what I have so far: <?php include('inc_header.php'); if(isset($_POST['add'])) { require('dbcon.php'); if(! get_magic_quotes_gpc() ) { $Id = addslashes ($_POST['Id']); $List = addslashes ($_POST['List']); $Firstname = addslashes ($_POST['Firstname']); $Lastname = addslashes ($_POST['Lastname']); $Phone = addslashes ($_POST['Phone']); $Email= addslashes ($_POST['Email']); $Calltime = addslashes ($_POST['Calltime']); $Comment = addslashes ($_POST['Comment']); } else { $Id = $_POST['Id']; $Date = $_POST['Date']; $List = $_POST['List']; $Firstname = $_POST['Firstname']; $Lastname = $_POST['Lastname']; $Phone = $_POST['Phone']; $Email = $_POST['Email']; $Calltime = $_POST['Calltime']; $Comment = $_POST['Comment']; } $error = ''; //put chosen function here function validate_Firstname($input, $pattern = "/([A-Za-z0-9])") { return !preg_match($pattern, $input); } function validate_Phone($input, $pattern = "/([A-Za-z0-9])") { return !preg_match($pattern, $input); } function isValidEmail( $Email ){ return filter_var( $Email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL ); } //get values and validate each one as required $List = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['List']); if(!$List){ $error .= "Please choose one<br />"; } $Firstname = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['Firstname']); if(!$Firstname){ $error .= "First name is required<br />"; } //get values and validate each one as required $Lastname = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['Lastname']); if(!$Lastname){ $error .= "Last name is required<br />"; } //repeat for each field $Email = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['Email']); if(!isValidEmail($Email)){ $error .= "The email entered is invalid<br />"; } //and so on... if(!$error){ //add insert into database code here $sql = "INSERT INTO contacts ". "(`Id`,`Date`,`List`,`Firstname`,`Lastname`,`Phone`,`Email`,`Calltime`,`Comment`)". "VALUES'$Id,','$Date','$List','$Firstname','$Lastname','$Phone','$Email','$Calltime','$Comment') "; mysql_select_db('hmintcwa_contacts'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die('Could not enter data: ' . mysql_error()); } echo "Entered data successfully<br /><br /><a href=contactsadd.php><font color=#000000>Back</font></a>\n"; mysql_close($conn); } else { ?> <form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>" name="ContactForm"> <table bgcolor="#000000" width="500" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" border="0"> <input type="hidden" name="Id" id="Id"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Requested Info</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><select name="List"> <option value="0" > Please Choose One </option> <option value="Market Analysis" > Market Analysis </option> <option value="Consultation" > Consultation </option></select></td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Date</td> <input name="Date" type="hidden" id="Date" value="<? print(Date("l F d, Y")); ?>" /> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><? print(Date("l F d, Y")); ?></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Firstname</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><input name="Firstname" type="text" size="20" id="Firstname"></td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Lastname</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><input type="text" name="Lastname" size="20" id="Lastname"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Phone</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><input type="text" name="Phone" size="20" id="Phone"></td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Email</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><input type="text" name="Email" size="20" id="Email"></td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Preferred Calltime</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><input type="text" name="Calltime" size="20" id="Calltime"> &nbsp;&nbsp; If none put N/A</td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">Comment</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left"><textarea name="Comment" cols="40" rows="8" id="Comment"></textarea></td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e9e9e9" align="right">&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center"><br> <input name="add" type="submit" id="add" value="Add Contact"><input type="reset" name="Reset" value="Clear Form"><input type=button value="Cancel" onClick="history.go(-1)"><br>&nbsp; </td> </tr> </table> </form> <br>&nbsp;</center> <?php } ?> </body> </html> So far I just keep chasing error message. Please forgive formatting I am trying to learn be gentle.

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  • What is the Oracle Utilities Application Framework?

    - by Anthony Shorten
    The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is a reusable, scalable and flexible java based framework which allows other products to be built, configured and implemented in a standard way. Note: Even though the Framework is built in java it can be integrated with COBOL based extensions for backward compatibility. When Oracle Utilities Customer Care & Billing was migrated from V1 to V2, it was decided that the technical aspects of that product be separated to allow for reuse and independence from technical issues. The idea was that all the technical aspects would be concentrated in this separate product (i.e. a framework) and allow all products using the framework to concentrate on delivering superior functionality. The product was named the Oracle Utilities Application Framework (oufw is the product code). The technical components are contained in the Oracle Utilities Application Framework which can be summarized as follows: Metadata - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for defining and using the metadata to define the runtime behavior of the product. All the metadata definition and management is contained within the Oracle Utilities Application Framework. UI Management - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for defining and rendering the pages and responsible for ensuring the pages are in the appropriate format for the locale. Integration - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for providing the integration points to the architecture. Refer to the Oracle Utilities Application Framework Integration Overview for more details Tools - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework provides a common set of facilities and tools that can be used across all products. Technology - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for all technology standards compliance, platform support and integration. There are a number of products from the Tax and Utilities Global Business Unit as well as from the Financial Services Global Business Unit that are built upon the Oracle Utilities Application Framework. These products require the Oracle Utilities Application Framework to be installed first and then the product itself installed onto the framework to complete the installation process. There are a number of key benefits that the Oracle Utilities Application Framework provides to these products: Common facilities - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework provides a standard set of technical facilities that mean that products can concentrate in the unique aspects of their markets rather than making technical decisions. Common methods of configuration - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework standardizes the technical configuration process for a product. Customers can effectively reuse the configuration process across products. Multi-lingual and Multi-platform - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework allows the products to be offered in more markets and across multiple platforms for maximized flexibility. Common methods of implementation - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework standardizes the technical aspects of a product implementation. Customers can effectively reuse the technical implementation process across products. Quicker adoption of new technologies - As new technologies and standards are identified as being important for the product line, they can be integrated centrally benefiting multiple products. Cross product reuse - As enhancements to the Oracle Utilities Application Framework are identified by a particular product, all products can potentially benefit from the enhancement. Note: Use of the Oracle Utilities Application Framework does not preclude the introduction of product specific technologies or facilities to satisfy market needs. The framework minimizes the need and assists in the quick integration of a new product specific piece of technology (if necessary). The Framework is not available as a product itself and is bundled with Tax and Utilities Global Business Unit prodicts. At the present time the following products are on the Framework: Oracle Utilities Customer Care And Billing (V2 and above) Oracle Enterprise Taxation Management (V2 and above) Oracle Utilities Business Intelligence (V2 and above) Oracle Utilities Mobile Workforice Management (V2 and above)

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