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  • Are programming languages and methods inefficient? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in assembler form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually truly believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1: Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when address you desire is further translated before reaching actual RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Because you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect addressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2: Variable allocation duplicity: When you run application, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actual instruction for do so, and that actual number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in form of instruction, second in form of actual bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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  • what are all the Optimize tricks that you know for asp.net code ?

    - by Aristos
    After some time of many code programming on asp.net, I discover the very big speed different between string and StringBuilder. I know that is very common and known but I just mention it for start. The second think that I have found to speed up the code, is to use the const, and not the static, for declare my configuration constants value (especial the strings). With the const, the compiler not create new object, but just place the value, on the point that you have ask it, but with the static declaration, is create a new memory object and keep its on the memory. My third trick, is when I search for string, I use hash values, and not the string itself. For example, if I need a List<string SomeValues, and place inside strings that I need to search them, I prefer to use List<int SomeHashValue, and I use the hash value to locate the strings. My forth thought that I was wandering, is if is better to place big strings in one line, or separate them in different lines with the + symbol to be more easy to read out. I make some tests and see that the compiler make a good job is some split the string, in many lines, using the + symbol. What other tricks/tips do you know and use on your programming to make it run faster, and maybe use less memory. Well I know, that some times, to make something run faster, you need more memory, more cache. My priority is on speed. Because Speed Counts.

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  • Compiling scipy on Windows 32-bit

    - by Sridhar Ratnakumar
    Has anyone tried compiling SciPy on Windows using numpy-1.3.0 that was built with the pre-built ATLAS libraries (atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2.zip) linked in the installation document. I get the following linker error, and have no ideas as to how to fix this issue. $ python setup.py config --compiler=mingw32 build --compiler=mingw32 install --root=i [...] creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate compile options: '-DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\site-packages\numpy\core\inc lude" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c' gcc -mno-cygwin -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\ site-packages\numpy\core\include" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c scipy\integrate\_odepackmo dule.c -o build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule.o C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule .o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python26\libs -LC:\Act ivePython32Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llapack -lpython26 - lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_daxpy.o):ATL_F77wrap_axpy.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `ATL _daxpy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dscal.o):ATL_F77wrap_scal.c:(.text+0x26): undefined reference to `ATL _dscal' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dcopy.o):ATL_F77wrap_copy.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `ATL _dcopy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_idamax.o):ATL_F77wrap_amax.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `AT L_idamax' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_ddot.o):ATL_F77wrap_dot.c:(.text+0x36): undefined reference to `ATL_d dot' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: Command "C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrat e\_odepackmodule.o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python 26\libs -LC:\Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llap ack -lpython26 -lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd" failed with exit status 1 Does anyone know what could have gone wrong here?

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  • Newbie question: When to use extern "C" { //code } ?

    - by Russel
    Hello, Maybe I'm not understanding the differences between C and C++, but when and why do we need to use: extern "C" { ? Apparently its a "linkage convention"? I read about it briefly and noticed that all the .h header files included with MSVS surround their code with it. What type of code exactly is "C code" and NOT "C++ code"? I thought C++ included all C code? I'm guessing that this is not the case and that C++ is different and that standard features/functions exist in one or the other but not both (ie: printf is C and cout is C++), but that C++ is backwards compatible though the extern "C" declaration. Is this correct? My next question depends on the answer to the first, but I'll ask it here anyway: Since MSVS header files that are written in C are surrounded by extern "C" { ... }, when would you ever need to use this yourself in your own code? If your code is C code and you are trying to compile it in a C++ compiler, shouldn't it work without problem because all the standard h files you include will already have the extern "C" thing in them with the C++ compiler? Do you have to use this when compiling in C++ but linking to alteady built C libraries or something? Please help clarify this for me... Thanks! --Keith

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  • Cairo / GTK example code crashes when window is too big or maximized

    - by user1890673
    I have copied and compiled the source code available in the section titled "Full Source". http://cairographics.org/threaded_animation_with_cairo/ I adapted this code to a project that I'm working on only to find that the app would crash when I made the window too big. Going back to the original example code, it too crashes when the window is too big ( 1000x1000 or so). I narrowed down in the example that this line appears to be responsible: pixmap = gdk_pixmap_new(window-window,500,500,-1); Where pixmap is of type GdkPixmap*. Resizing the window overwrites pixmap with a new pixmap that is the size of the window. I am doing this in Eclipse Juno in Windows Vista, 32-bit. My compiler is MinGW version 0.5-beta-20120426-1. My GTK+ version is 2.24.10 and apparently Cairo is 1.10.2 I added all of the includes and libraries for GTK and also added compiler switch -mms-bitfields. Is there a limit to the size of a pixmap or something? I'm just starting with GTK with examples so I'm not sure where to go if this example doesn't work.

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  • How to create an instance of object with RTTI in Delphi 2010?

    - by Paul
    As we all known, when we call a constructor of a class like this: instance := TSomeClass.Create; The Delphi compiler actually do the following things: Call the static NewInstance method to allocate memory and initialize the memory layout. Call the constructor method to perform the initialization of the class Call the AfterConstruction method It's simple and easy to understand. but I'm not very sure how the compiler handle exceptions in the second and the third step. It seems there are no explicit way to create an instance using a RTTI constructor method in D2010. so I wrote a simple function in the Spring Framework for Delphi to reproduce the process of the creation. class function TActivator.CreateInstance(instanceType: TRttiInstanceType; constructorMethod: TRttiMethod; const arguments: array of TValue): TObject; var classType: TClass; begin TArgument.CheckNotNull(instanceType, 'instanceType'); TArgument.CheckNotNull(constructorMethod, 'constructorMethod'); classType := instanceType.MetaclassType; Result := classType.NewInstance; try constructorMethod.Invoke(Result, arguments); except on Exception do begin if Result is TInterfacedObject then begin Dec(TInterfacedObjectHack(Result).FRefCount); end; Result.Free; raise; end; end; try Result.AfterConstruction; except on Exception do begin Result.Free; raise; end; end; end; I feel it maybe not 100% right. so please show me the way. Thanks!

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  • In a class with no virtual methods or superclass, is it safe to assume (address of first member vari

    - by Jeremy Friesner
    Hi all, I made a private API that assumes that the address of the first member-object in the class will be the same as the class's this-pointer... that way the member-object can trivially derive a pointer to the object that it is a member of, without having to store a pointer explicitly. Given that I am willing to make sure that the container class won't inherit from any superclass, won't have any virtual methods, and that the member-object that does this trick will be the first member object declared, will that assumption hold valid for any C++ compiler, or do I need to use the offsetof() operator (or similar) to guarantee correctness? To put it another way, the code below does what I expect under g++, but will it work everywhere? class MyContainer { public: MyContainer() {} ~MyContainer() {} // non-virtual dtor private: class MyContained { public: MyContained() {} ~MyContained() {} // Given that the only place Contained objects are declared is m_contained // (below), will this work as expected on any C++ compiler? MyContainer * GetPointerToMyContainer() { return reinterpret_cast<MyContainer *>(this); } }; MyContained m_contained; // MUST BE FIRST MEMBER ITEM DECLARED IN MyContainer int m_foo; // other member items may be declared after m_contained float m_bar; };

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  • .Net lambda expression-- where did this parameter come from?

    - by larryq
    I'm a lambda newbie, so if I'm missing vital information in my description please tell me. I'll keep the example as simple as possible. I'm going over someone else's code and they have one class inheriting from another. Here's the derived class first, along with the lambda expression I'm having trouble understanding: class SampleViewModel : ViewModelBase { private ICustomerStorage storage = ModelFactory<ICustomerStorage>.Create(); public ICustomer CurrentCustomer { get { return (ICustomer)GetValue(CurrentCustomerProperty); } set { SetValue(CurrentCustomerProperty, value); } } private int quantitySaved; public int QuantitySaved { get { return quantitySaved; } set { if (quantitySaved != value) { quantitySaved = value; NotifyPropertyChanged(p => QuantitySaved); //where does 'p' come from? } } } public static readonly DependencyProperty CurrentCustomerProperty; static SampleViewModel() { CurrentCustomerProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CurrentCustomer", typeof(ICustomer), typeof(SampleViewModel), new UIPropertyMetadata(ModelFactory<ICustomer>.Create())); } //more method definitions follow.. Note the call to NotifyPropertyChanged(p => QuantitySaved) bit above. I don't understand where the "p" is coming from. Here's the base class: public abstract class ViewModelBase : DependencyObject, INotifyPropertyChanged, IXtremeMvvmViewModel { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; protected virtual void NotifyPropertyChanged<T>(Expression<Func<ViewModelBase, T>> property) { MvvmHelper.NotifyPropertyChanged(property, PropertyChanged); } } There's a lot in there that's not germane to the question I'm sure, but I wanted to err on the side of inclusiveness. The problem is, I don't understand where the 'p' parameter is coming from, and how the compiler knows to (evidently?) fill in a type value of ViewModelBase from thin air? For fun I changed the code from 'p' to 'this', since SampleViewModel inherits from ViewModelBase, but I was met with a series of compiler errors, the first one of which statedInvalid expression term '=>' This confused me a bit since I thought that would work. Can anyone explain what's happening here?

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  • Syntax error beyond end of program

    - by a_m0d
    I am experimenting with writing a toy compiler in ocaml. Currently, I am trying to implement the offside rule for my lexer. However, I am having some trouble with the ocaml syntax (the compiler errors are extremely un-informative). The code below (33 lines of it) causes an error on line 34, beyond the end of the source code. I am unsure what is causing this error. open Printf let s = (Stack.create():int Stack.t); let rec check x = ( if Stack.is_empty s then Stack.push x s else if Stack.top s < x then ( Stack.push x s; printf "INDENT\n"; ) else if Stack.top s > x then ( printf "DEDENT\n"; Stack.pop s; check x; ) else printf "MATCHED\n"; ); let main () = ( check 0; check 4; check 6; check 8; check 5; ); let _ = Printexc.print main () Ocaml output: File "lexer.ml", line 34, characters 0-0: Error: Syntax error Can someone help me work out what the error is caused by and help me on my way to fixing it?

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  • lambda traits inconsistency across C++0x compilers

    - by Sumant
    I observed some inconsistency between two compilers (g++ 4.5, VS2010 RC) in the way they match lambdas with partial specializations of class templates. I was trying to implement something like boost::function_types for lambdas to extract type traits. Check this for more details. In g++ 4.5, the type of the operator() of a lambda appears to be like that of a free standing function (R (*)(...)) whereas in VS2010 RC, it appears to be like that of a member function (R (C::*)(...)). So the question is are compiler writers free to interpret any way they want? If not, which compiler is correct? See the details below. template <typename T> struct function_traits : function_traits<decltype(&T::operator())> { // This generic template is instantiated on both the compilers as expected. }; template <typename R, typename C> struct function_traits<R (C::*)() const> { // inherits from this one on VS2010 RC typedef R result_type; }; template <typename R> struct function_traits<R (*)()> { // // inherits from this one g++ 4.5 typedef R result_type; }; int main(void) { auto lambda = []{}; function_traits<decltype(lambda)>::result_type *r; // void * } This program compiles on both g++ 4.5 and VS2010 but the function_traits that are instantiated are different as noted in the code.

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  • Question about memory allocation when initializing char arrays in C/C++.

    - by Carlos Nunez
    Before anything, I apologize if this question has been asked before. I am programming a simple packet sniffer for a class project. For a little while, I ran into the issue where the source and destination of a packet appeared to be the same. For example, the source and destination of an Ethernet frame would be the same MAC address all of the time. I custom-made ether_ntoa(char *) because Windows does not seem to have ethernet.h like Linux does. Code snippet is below: char *ether_ntoa(u_char etheraddr[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]) { int i, j; char eout[32]; for(i = 0, j = 0; i < 5; i++) { eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] >> 4; eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] & 0xF; eout[j++] = ':'; } eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] >> 4; eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] & 0xF; eout[j++] = '\0'; for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) { if(eout[i] < 10) eout[i] += 0x30; else if(eout[i] < 16) eout[i] += 0x57; } return(eout); } I solved the problem by using malloc() to have the compiler assign memory (i.e. instead of char eout[32], I used char * eout; eout = (char *) malloc (32);). However, I thought that the compiler assigned different memory locations when one sized a char-array at compile time. Is this incorrect? Thanks! Carlos Nunez

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  • How to add namespaces to a flex AIR project in Flash Builder 4?

    - by milkplus
    In my ant build.xml script I have... <namespace uri="http://ns.foo.com/mxml/2011" manifest="src/manifest.xml"/> <namespace uri="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark" manifest="flex_src/spark-manifest.xml"/> <namespace uri="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" manifest="flex_src/mx-manifest.xml"/> That works! But... I'm not sure how to add these namespaces to my project properties in Flash Builder 4 so I can debug. When I try, it changes this line in my .actionScriptProperties <compiler additionalCompilerArguments="-namespace http://ns.foo.com/mxml/2011 src/manifest.xml -namespace=library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark flex_src/spark-manifest.xml -namespace http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml flex_src/mx-manifest.xml" autoRSLOrdering="true" copyDependentFiles="true" fteInMXComponents="false" generateAccessible="true" htmlExpressInstall="true" htmlGenerate="false" htmlHistoryManagement="false" htmlPlayerVersionCheck="true" includeNetmonSwc="false" outputFolderPath="bin-debug" sourceFolderPath="src" strict="true" targetPlayerVersion="0.0.0" useApolloConfig="true" useDebugRSLSwfs="true" verifyDigests="true" warn="true"> but gives me a "no default arguments are expected" error. What is the reason for this error? The error location is "Unknown" and seems to refer to these compiler arguments.

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  • Warning: cast increases required alignment

    - by dash-tom-bang
    I'm recently working on this platform for which a legacy codebase issues a large number of "cast increases required alignment to N" warnings, where N is the size of the target of the cast. struct Message { int32_t id; int32_t type; int8_t data[16]; }; int32_t GetMessageInt(const Message& m) { return *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&data[0]); } Hopefully it's obvious that a "real" implementation would be a bit more complex, but the basic point is that I've got data coming from somewhere, I know that it's aligned (because I need the id and type to be aligned), and yet I get the message that the cast is increasing the alignment, in the example case, to 4. Now I know that I can suppress the warning with an argument to the compiler, and I know that I can cast the bit inside the parentheses to void* first, but I don't really want to go through every bit of code that needs this sort of manipulation (there's a lot because we load a lot of data off of disk, and that data comes in as char buffers so that we can easily pointer-advance), but can anyone give me any other thoughts on this problem? I mean, to me it seems like such an important and common option that you wouldn't want to warn, and if there is actually the possibility of doing it wrong then suppressing the warning isn't going to help. Finally, can't the compiler know as I do how the object in question is actually aligned in the structure, so it should be able to not worry about the alignment on that particular object unless it got bumped a byte or two?

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • std::conditional compile-time branch evaluation

    - by cmannett85
    Compiling this: template < class T, class Y, class ...Args > struct isSame { static constexpr bool value = std::conditional< sizeof...( Args ), typename std::conditional< std::is_same< T, Y >::value, isSame< Y, Args... >, // Error! std::false_type >::type, std::is_same< T, Y > >::type::value; }; int main() { qDebug() << isSame< double, int >::value; return EXIT_SUCCESS; } Gives me this compiler error: error: wrong number of template arguments (1, should be 2 or more) The issue is that isSame< double, int > has an empty Args parameter pack, so isSame< Y, Args... > effectively becomes isSame< Y > which does not match the signature. But my question is: Why is that branch being evaluated at all? sizeof...( Args ) is false, so the inner std:conditional should not be evaluated. This isn't a runtime piece of code, the compiler knows that sizeof..( Args ) will never be true with the given template types. If you're curious, it's supposed to be a variadic version of std::is_same, not that it works...

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  • Are function-local typedefs visible inside C++0x lambdas?

    - by GMan - Save the Unicorns
    I've run into a strange problem. The following simplified code reproduces the problem in MSVC 2010 Beta 2: template <typename T> struct dummy { static T foo(void) { return T(); } }; int main(void) { typedef dummy<bool> dummy_type; auto x = [](void){ bool b = dummy_type::foo(); }; // auto x = [](void){ bool b = dummy<bool>::foo(); }; // works } The typedef I created locally in the function doesn't seem to be visible in the lambda. If I replace the typedef with the actual type, it works as expected. Here are some other test cases: // crashes the compiler, credit to Tarydon int main(void) { struct dummy {}; auto x = [](void){ dummy d; }; } // works as expected int main(void) { typedef int integer; auto x = [](void){ integer i = 0; }; } I don't have g++ 4.5 available to test it, right now. Is this some strange rule in C++0x, or just a bug in the compiler? From the results above, I'm leaning towards bug. Though the crash is definitely a bug. For now, I have filed two bug reports. All code snippets above should compile. The error has to do with using the scope resolution on locally defined scopes. (Spotted by dvide.) And the crash bug has to do with... who knows. :) Update According to the bug reports, they have both been fixed for the next release of Visual Studio 2010.

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  • Life Scope of Temporary Variable

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    #include <cstdio> #include <string> void fun(const char* c) { printf("--> %s\n", c); } std::string get() { std::string str = "Hello World"; return str; } int main() { const char *cc = get().c_str(); // cc is not valid at this point. As it is pointing to // temporary string internal buffer, and the temporary string // has already been destroyed at this point. fun(cc); // But I am surprise this call will yield valid result. // It seems that the returned temporary string is valid within // scope (...) // What my understanding is, scope means {...} // Is this valid behavior guarantee by C++ standard? Or it depends // on your compiler vendor implementations? fun(get().c_str()); getchar(); } The output is : --> --> Hello World Hello, may I know the correct behavior is guarantee by C++ standard, or it depends on your compiler vendor implementations? I have tested this under VC2008 and VC6. Works fine for both.

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  • Classes with the same name - is it restricted only within the same translation unit?

    - by LeopardSkinPillBoxHat
    Let's just I had the following code: foo.h class Foo { // ... }; foo.cpp #include "foo.h" // Functions for class Foo defined here... Let's say that Foo are built into a static library foo.lib. Now let's say I have the following: foo2.h class Foo { // ... }; foo2.cpp #include "foo2.h" // Functions for class Foo defined here... This is built into a separate static library foo2.lib. Now, if I re-link foo.lib and foo2.lib into an executable program foo.exe, should it be complaining that class Foo has been defined twice? In my experiences, neither the compiler or the linker are complaining. I wouldn't be expecting the compiler to complain, because they have been defined in separate translation units. But why doesn't the linker complain? How does the linker differentiate between the 2 versions of the Foo class? Does it work by decorating the symbols?

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  • virtual methods and template classes

    - by soxs060389
    Hi I got over a problem, I think a very specific one. I've got 2 classes, a B aseclass and a D erived class (from B aseclass). B is a template class ( or class template) and has a pure virtual method virutal void work(const T &dummy) = 0; The D erived class is supposed to reimplement this, but as D is Derived from B rather than D being another template class, the compiler spits at me that virtual functions and templates don't work at once. Any ideas how to acomplish what I want? I am thankfull for any thoughts and Ideas, especially if you allready worked out that problem this class is fixed aka AS IS, I can not edit this without breaking existing code base template <typename T> class B { public: ... virtual void work(const T &dummy) = 0; .. }; take int* as an example class D : public B<int*>{ ... virtual void work(const int* &dummy){ /* put work code here */ } .. }; Edit: The compiler tells me, that void B<T>::work(const T&) [with T = int*] is pure virtual within D

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  • How to insert zeros between bits in a bitmap?

    - by anatolyg
    I have some performance-heavy code that performs bit manipulations. It can be reduced to the following well-defined problem: Given a 13-bit bitmap, construct a 26-bit bitmap that contains the original bits spaced at even positions. To illustrate: 0000000000000000000abcdefghijklm (input, 32 bits) 0000000a0b0c0d0e0f0g0h0i0j0k0l0m (output, 32 bits) I currently have it implemented in the following way in C: if (input & (1 << 12)) output |= 1 << 24; if (input & (1 << 11)) output |= 1 << 22; if (input & (1 << 10)) output |= 1 << 20; ... My compiler (MS Visual Studio) turned this into the following: test eax,1000h jne 0064F5EC or edx,1000000h ... (repeated 13 times with minor differences in constants) I wonder whether i can make it any faster. I would like to have my code written in C, but switching to assembly language is possible. Can i use some MMX/SSE instructions to process all bits at once? Maybe i can use multiplication? (multiply by 0x11111111 or some other magical constant) Would it be better to use condition-set instruction (SETcc) instead of conditional-jump instruction? If yes, how can i make the compiler produce such code for me? Any other idea how to make it faster? Any idea how to do the inverse bitmap transformation (i have to implement it too, bit it's less critical)?

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  • Where in the standard is forwarding to a base class required in these situations?

    - by pgast
    Maybe even better is: Why does the standard require forwarding to a base class in these situations? (yeah yeah yeah - Why? - Because.) class B1 { public: virtual void f()=0; }; class B2 { public: virtual void f(){} }; class D : public B1,public B2{ }; class D2 : public B1,public B2{ public: using B2::f; }; class D3 : public B1,public B2{ public: void f(){ B2::f(); } }; D d; D2 d2; D3 d3; EDG gives: sourceFile.cpp sourceFile.cpp(24) : error C2259: 'D' : cannot instantiate abstract class due to following members: 'void B1::f(void)' : is abstract sourceFile.cpp(6) : see declaration of 'B1::f' sourceFile.cpp(25) : error C2259: 'D2' : cannot instantiate abstract class due to following members: 'void B1::f(void)' : is abstract sourceFile.cpp(6) : see declaration of 'B and similarly for the MS compiler. I might buy the first case,D. But in D2 - f is unambiguously defined by the using declaration, why is that not enough for the compiler to be required to fill out the vtable? Where in the standard is this situation defined?

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  • Omit return type in C++0x

    - by Clinton
    I've recently found myself using the following macro with gcc 4.5 in C++0x mode: #define RETURN(x) -> decltype(x) { return x; } And writing functions like this: template <class T> auto f(T&& x) RETURN (( g(h(std::forward<T>(x))) )) I've been doing this to avoid the inconvenience having to effectively write the function body twice, and having keep changes in the body and the return type in sync (which in my opinion is a disaster waiting to happen). The problem is that this technique only works on one line functions. So when I have something like this (convoluted example): template <class T> auto f(T&& x) -> ... { auto y1 = f(x); auto y2 = h(y1, g1(x)); auto y3 = h(y1, g2(x)); if (y1) { ++y3; } return h2(y2, y3); } Then I have to put something horrible in the return type. Furthermore, whenever I update the function, I'll need to change the return type, and if I don't change it correctly, I'll get a compile error if I'm lucky, or a runtime bug in the worse case. Having to copy and paste changes to two locations and keep them in sync I feel is not good practice. And I can't think of a situation where I'd want an implicit cast on return instead of an explicit cast. Surely there is a way to ask the compiler to deduce this information. What is the point of the compiler keeping it a secret? I thought C++0x was designed so such duplication would not be required.

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  • Cannot inherit from generic base class and specific interface using same type with generic constrain

    - by simendsjo
    Sorry about the strange title. I really have no idea how to express it any better... I get an error on the following snippet. I use the class Dummy everywhere. Doesn't the compiler understand the constraint I've added on DummyImplBase? Is this a compiler bug as it works if I use Dummy directly instead of setting it as a constraint? Error 1 'ConsoleApplication53.DummyImplBase' does not implement interface member 'ConsoleApplication53.IRequired.RequiredMethod()'. 'ConsoleApplication53.RequiredBase.RequiredMethod()' cannot implement 'ConsoleApplication53.IRequired.RequiredMethod()' because it does not have the matching return type of 'ConsoleApplication53.Dummy'. C:\Documents and Settings\simen\My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\ConsoleApplication53\ConsoleApplication53\Program.cs 37 27 ConsoleApplication53 public class Dummy { } public interface IRequired<T> { T RequiredMethod(); } public interface IDummyRequired : IRequired<Dummy> { void OtherMethod(); } public class RequiredBase<T> : IRequired<T> { public T RequiredMethod() { return default(T); } } public abstract class DummyImplBase<T> : RequiredBase<T>, IDummyRequired where T: Dummy { public void OtherMethod() { } }

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  • Do variable references (alias) incure runtime costs in c++?

    - by cheshirekow
    Maybe this is a compiler specific thing. If so, how about for gcc (g++)? If you use a variable reference/alias like this: int x = 5; int& y = x; y += 10; Does it actually require more cycles than if we didn't use the reference. int x = 5; x += 10; In other words, does the machine code change, or does the "alias" happen only at the compiler level? This may seem like a dumb question, but I am curious. Especially in the case where maybe it would be convenient to temporarily rename some member variables just so that the math code is a little easier to read. Sure, we're not exactly talking about a bottleneck here... but it's something that I'm doing and so I'm just wondering if there is any 'actual' difference... or if it's only cosmetic.

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