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  • Windows XP Installation issue - cannot find hard disk

    - by Marco
    A friend of mine gave me a laptop with Windows 8 installed and nothing else. I don't like it so I am trying to remove it by installing Windows XP. I have a windows XP installation CD that I have used before and worked fine, but didn't work when I tried to install it on the Windows 8 machine. It keeps telling me I don't have a drive to install to. Then I log into Windows 8 again and install check partitions. I found 2 and tried to make a new one but it will only let me make one of 69mb. Next, I tied to find a way to go back to XP with BCD install and try to set the boot loader for XP but it wasnt there. Somehow I deleted the bootloader for Windows 8 and now it asks me for a recovery tool for media. I am not familiar with the laptop specs, but it is a Toshiba with about 250GB storage, and above 1GHz processor.

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  • Create new partition on live production CentOS server

    - by Kimmel
    I have a production server that is running on CentOS. I'd like to create a partition on the server without having to reinstall everything. I have CLI and VNC access to the remote server. Is there anyway that I can create a partition safely? Here's my output from fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00033d5e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 10444 83885056 83 Linux Thanks.

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  • Can't start my Windows XP Virtual Machine: Insufficient Disk Space

    - by Rob
    Okay, I currently have a server with two virtual machines installed on it, a CentOS5.4 and a Windows XP. I was remote desktopping the Windows XP chatting on IRC, and all of a sudden I lost connection. I checked with my HyperVisor and tried to restart it, and it won't start at all. It's giving me this error: Message from server0297.serverpool.gnet.ba: Failed to extend swap file (fileHandle 16414) from 0 KB to 524288 KB: No space left on device. Could not power on VM : No space left on device. Failed to power on VM info 4/17/2010 9:49:20 PM root Basically I bought the set up from a host, he installed the HyperVisor and the VirtualMachines, and honestly I don't really know what I'm doing. I've looked at some of the settings, and I can't figure it out. If you need any additional information, I'll try to provide it. The CentOS5.4 is still starting and working flawlessly, if that's relevant.

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  • Solaris10 x86 mirror. Making second disk booteable when failure

    - by Kani
    Did a mirror (RAID1) with Solaris 10 in x86. Everything OK. Now, I´m trying to make the second disk booteable, this is: from grub or in case of failure of disk1. I edited /boot/grub/menu.lst: #---------- ADDED BY BOOTADM - DO NOT EDIT ---------- title Solaris 10 9/10 s10x_u9wos_14a X86 findroot (rootfs1,0,a) kernel /platform/i86pc/multiboot module /platform/i86pc/boot_archive #---------------------END BOOTADM-------------------- #---------- ADDED BY BOOTADM - DO NOT EDIT ---------- title Solaris failsafe findroot (rootfs1,0,a) kernel /boot/multiboot -s module /boot/amd64/x86.miniroot-safe #---------------------END BOOTADM-------------------- #---------- ADDED BY BOOTADM - DO NOT EDIT ---------- title Solaris failsafe findroot (rootfs1,0,a) kernel /boot/multiboot kernel/unix -s module /boot/x86.miniroot-safe #---------------------END BOOTADM-------------------- #Make second disk booteable!!!!!!! title alternate boot findroot (rootfs1,1,a) kernel /boot/multiboot kernel/unix -s module /boot/x86.miniroot-safe But is not working. In the BIOS, when I select "alternate boot" I get: Error 15: 15 file not found also, how to configure to GRUB to make the disk2 to boot in case of error in disk1? Additionally, I did (but not related to GRUB): eeprom altbootpath=/devices/pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@1,0:a Here is the output of some commands that may help you: /sbin/biosdev 0x80 /pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@0,0 0x81 /pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@1,0 ls -l /dev/dsk/c1t?d0s0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 Jul 7 12:01 /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@0,0:a lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 Jul 7 12:01 /dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0 -> ../../devices/pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@1,0:a more /boot/solaris/bootenv.rc setprop ata-dma-enabled '1' setprop atapi-cd-dma-enabled '0' setprop ttyb-rts-dtr-off 'false' setprop ttyb-ignore-cd 'true' setprop ttya-rts-dtr-off 'false' setprop ttya-ignore-cd 'true' setprop ttyb-mode '9600,8,n,1,-' setprop ttya-mode '9600,8,n,1,-' setprop lba-access-ok '1' setprop prealloc-chunk-size '0x2000' setprop bootpath '/pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@0,0:a' setprop keyboard-layout 'US-English' setprop console 'text' setprop altbootpath '/pci@0,0/pci108e,5352@1f,2/disk@1,0:a' cat /etc/vfstab #device device mount FS fsck mount mount #to mount to fsck point type pass at boot options # fd - /dev/fd fd - no - /proc - /proc proc - no - #/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s1 - - swap - no - /dev/md/dsk/d1 - - swap - no - /dev/md/dsk/d0 /dev/md/rdsk/d0 / ufs 1 no - /devices - /devices devfs - no - sharefs - /etc/dfs/sharetab sharefs - no - ctfs - /system/contract ctfs - no - objfs - /system/object objfs - no - swap - /tmp tmpfs - yes - df -h Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on /dev/md/dsk/d0 909G 11G 889G 2% / /devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab swap 14G 972K 14G 1% /etc/svc/volatile objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab /usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1 909G 11G 889G 2% /lib/libc.so.1 fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd swap 14G 40K 14G 1% /tmp swap 14G 28K 14G 1% /var/run

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  • Disk Redundancy across different server

    - by Mascarpone
    I have 3 servers, all with the same specs: Intel CPU 8 GB RAM Linux or BSD Single 2TB desktop SATA with more than 10K Hours of operation, with only less than 300 GB Used My provider cannot install a second hard drive, but can guarantee me that the drive will be replaced immediately in case of failure, with another equally crappy drive. The likelihood of drive failure is high, and since I can't use RAID, I was thinking about keeping a back up of each machine on all the other machines, so that there are always 2 copies on 2 different drives, plus the original. I would synchronize the drives every hour, with rsync, to guarantee some sort of redundancy, since bandwidth inside the DC is free, so it would be much cheaper than offsite backup. (A daily offiste backup is kept anyhow). What do you think? Any suggestion?

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  • Linux's best filesystem to work with 10000's of files without overloading the system I/O

    - by mhambra
    Hi all. It is known that certain AMD64 Linuxes are subject of being unresponsive under heavy disk I/O (see Gentoo forums: AMD64 system slow/unresponsive during disk access (Part 2)), unfortunately have such one. I want to put /var/tmp/portage and /usr/portage trees to a separate partition, but what FS to choose for it? Requirements: * for journaling, performance is preffered over safe data read/write operations * optimized to read/write 10000 of small files Candidates: * ext2 without any journaling * BtrFS In Phoronix tests, BtrFS had demonstrated a good random access performance (fat better than XFS thereby it may be less CPU-aggressive). However, unpacking operation seems to be faster with XFS there, but it was tested that unpacking kernel tree to XFS makes my system to react slower for 51% disregard of any renice'd processes and/or schedulers. Why no ReiserFS? Google'd this (q: reiserfs ext2 cpu): 1 Apr 2006 ... Surprisingly, the ReiserFS and the XFS used significantly more CPU to remove file tree (86% and 65%) when other FS used about 15% (Ext3 and ... Is it same now?

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  • Match Hard Disk Partition Table?

    - by MA1
    What is the most efficient way to match the partition tables on two different hard disks? I have saved the partition tables using dd command in linux. The partition tables are from a Windows system.

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  • FATA disk performance for VMware

    - by Sergei
    Hi, We are moving to the dataceneter and planning to have tiered storage on EVA4400 - FC RAID 10 for SQL databases and RAID5 across 24 FATA 1TB disks form VMware ESX guests.HP is describing FATA disks as suitable for near online storage, however I am not convinced that 24 spindles will not be enough for running VMWare for 3 ESX servers. Does anyone has opinion on why this could be a such a bad idea?

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  • where on disk is space allocated for new files inside LVM lv with ext4 file system?

    - by Jost
    I run a multi-disk server with LVM2. Several large disks serve as LVM2 physical volumes for one volume group, containing one logical volume formatted with ext4. Nothing fancy, just your standard linear setup. Recently an additional, very small disk was added as physical volume to that volume group and I expanded both the logical volume, and the ext4 file system therein onto that disk. This lv is used to store incremental backups using rsync and is only about 30% full, there have rarely been any files deleted from it, only incremental writes. Now this new HDD I added to the pre-existing volume group has unexpectedly died on me, and the volume group won't come up because it is missing one physical volume. As fate will have it, this WAS the "in an event of catastrophic failure on the primary server"-backup, the event happened, the boss is not happy, so this kinda has to work... According to this (Part 3): http://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/appnote/19386.html it is possible to trick LVM into starting anyway by creating a new pv with identical metadata to the failed disk, which will make the volume accessible, but of course leave giant holes in the file system. I have'n tried it yet, because it involves repairing (writing to) the file system which eliminates the possibility of trying other things if it fails. Now my question is: How does this setup actually allocate disk space for new data? Is it allocated linearly from beginning to end of PVs, in the order they were added to the vg? Is it striped somehow in order to increase performance/balance load? since this defective disk was added only later to an existing lvm2 vg and lv, containing a half-empty ext4, what are the chances that there was never any data written to the defective disk? In other words: what are the chances of recovering all my data, even without the defective disk, by just starting the volume group as-is? Am I about to go spend $1500 on having 250GB of empty space recovered when I send the defective disk in for repair? Is there a way to check without mounting the file system and opening the files, hoping they contain something other than zeros? (comparing addresses of used data blocks inside ext4 to address ranges that were on the missing pv, something like that, preferably easy to automate) I know bitwise-copying the entire lv into an image file before trying to repair the ext4 would probably be a good idea, but since this lv is very large and I just suffered major file system failure on several systems it is probably a luxury I don't have... Any suggestions?

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  • Clonezilla disk to disk clone on a dual boot ubuntu karmic & XP setup - cannot open '/boot/grub/devi

    - by srboisvert
    I just tried to clone a failing existing boot drive for a dual boot system with Ubuntu karmic and Windows XP installed using Clonezilla. The cloning worked fine right up until the end when I got the following error: Running: grub-install --no floppy --root-directory=/tmp/hd_img.twABYW /dev/sdb grub-probe: error: Cannot open '/boot/grub/device.map' /usr/sbin/grub-install:line 374: [: =: unary operator expected What's my next step? I imagine I need to somehow rebuild my boot record for Windows and Ubuntu and edit grub.

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  • Give back full control to a user on a disk from another computer

    - by Foghorn
    I have my friend's hard drive mounted externally. After messing with the permissions with TAKEOWN so I could fix some viruses, I have full control over their drive. The problem is, now it's stuck in a "autochk not found" reboot sequence. I think the problem is that the boot sector is invisible to the drive now. So my question is, How can I use icacls to give back the full ownership, when the user I am giving it to is not on my machine? I ran the TAKEOWN command from my windows 7 laptop, their machine is a windows xp Professional with three partitions, I only altered the one that has the boot sector. Here is the permissions that icacls shows: (Where my computer is %System% my username is ME, and the drive is E:\ C:\Users\ME icacls E:\* E:\$RECYCLE.BIN %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) Mandatory Label\Low Mandatory Level:(OI)(CI)(IO)(NW) E:\ALLDATAW %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\alrt_200.data %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\AUTOEXEC.BAT %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\AZ Commercial %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\boot.ini %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Config.Msi %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\CONFIG.SYS %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Documents and Settings %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\IO.SYS %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Mitchell1 %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\MSDOS.SYS %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\MSOCache %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\NTDClient.log %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\NTDETECT.COM %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\ntldr %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\pagefile.sys %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Program Files %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\RECYCLER %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\RHDSetup.log %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\System Volume Information %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\WINDOWS %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) Successfully processed 22 files; Failed processing 0 files C:\Users\ME

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  • Disk space consumed

    - by aravind-zoniac
    I have a very serious problem here in one of my client server. The remote server is installed with REDHAT ES 5.2 and we have a postgresql as database. I was trying to clone the database. The hard drive had 32 GB of free space before taking clone. I started cloning the database and during the process, there was some internet issue and due to this, putty got disconnected before taking clone. So I opened another fresh session and I was able to see only 2.5GB as available space. Also I was not able to see the clone in the psql terminal. Any solution to get the 29GB that was consumed????

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  • How to restore a dd overwritten disk partition?

    - by DairyKnight
    First of all, I admit I'm stupid and I didn't run proper backup of my data, but you know crap happens... So, I've used dd to overwrite the first 2GB of my 750GB NTFS partition with a FAT32 partition. I've run Photorec and EasyRecovery but all I can restore is the 2GB FAT32 partition and the files on that. Is there a way to "roll back" to the NTFS paritition, and recover - at least - some part of the 750GB data? Thanks.

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  • Can someone recommend a Compact Flash card to be used as a boot disk

    - by Hamish Downer
    I have an early Acer Aspire One netbook, and the flash drive is really slow at writing. I've taken it apart to add more RAM, but I've pretty much stopped using it. I've read about people replacing the SSD with a Compact Flash card and a CF to ZIF adapter but I've also read about some Compact Flash cards where the manufacturer has permanently disabled the boot flag to stop people doing this kind of mod. (Can't find the link any more though). So my most specific question is: can someone recommend a compact flash card that does allow the boot flag to be set? Please say whether you've done it yourself, or just heard about it from someone else. Beyond that, is this generally a problem?

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  • DEBIAN minimum hard disk footprint

    - by user41072
    Hi, I found this http://serverfault.com/questions/29071/red-hat-server-minimal-install question while searching google for debian minimal install. User shylent wrote thet he uses really basic debian install so small that processes can count on one hand fingers :D. So Im searching and asking for starting point to create basic linux distro but not from scratch like LFS but make linux distro based on debian for example. I used debootstrap but still it is 150M large.

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  • Windows XP restore point file from disk.

    - by Dragos Toader
    Suppose I copied a Windows XP restore point file to a USB memory stick. I copied C:\System Volume Information\MountPointManagerRemoteDatabase C:\System Volume Information\tracking.log C:\System Volume Information\_restore{45B5E8B9-949A-471E-999D-F381DA56A2D3} C:\System Volume Information\catalog.wci to F:\System Volume Information\ How can I restore this restore point? Can I fool the system into using that file (if I copied it back into the restore point folder)? From F:\System Volume Information\MountPointManagerRemoteDatabase F:\System Volume Information\tracking.log F:\System Volume Information\_restore{45B5E8B9-949A-471E-999D-F381DA56A2D3} F:\System Volume Information\catalog.wci to C:\System Volume Information\

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  • Upgraded Ubuntu, all drives in one zpool marked unavailable

    - by Matt Sieker
    I just upgraded Ubuntu 14.04, and I had two ZFS pools on the server. There was some minor issue with me fighting with the ZFS driver and the kernel version, but that's worked out now. One pool came online, and mounted fine. The other didn't. The main difference between the tool is one was just a pool of disks (video/music storage), and the other was a raidz set (documents, etc) I've already attempted exporting and re-importing the pool, to no avail, attempting to import gets me this: root@kyou:/home/matt# zpool import -fFX -d /dev/disk/by-id/ pool: storage id: 15855792916570596778 state: UNAVAIL status: One or more devices contains corrupted data. action: The pool cannot be imported due to damaged devices or data. see: http://zfsonlinux.org/msg/ZFS-8000-5E config: storage UNAVAIL insufficient replicas raidz1-0 UNAVAIL insufficient replicas ata-SAMSUNG_HD103SJ_S246J90B134910 UNAVAIL ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51422523 UNAVAIL ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51535969 UNAVAIL The symlinks for those in /dev/disk/by-id also exist: root@kyou:/home/matt# ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD103SJ_S246J90B134910* /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 27 19:31 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD103SJ_S246J90B134910 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD103SJ_S246J90B134910-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD103SJ_S246J90B134910-part9 -> ../../sdb9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51422523 -> ../../sdd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51422523-part1 -> ../../sdd1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51422523-part9 -> ../../sdd9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51535969 -> ../../sde lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51535969-part1 -> ../../sde1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 May 27 19:15 /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51535969-part9 -> ../../sde9 Inspecting the various /dev/sd* devices listed, they appear to be the correct ones (The 3 1TB drives that were in a raidz array). I've run zdb -l on each drive, dumping it to a file, and running a diff. The only difference on the 3 are the guid fields (Which I assume is expected). All 3 labels on each one are basically identical, and are as follows: version: 5000 name: 'storage' state: 0 txg: 4 pool_guid: 15855792916570596778 hostname: 'kyou' top_guid: 1683909657511667860 guid: 8815283814047599968 vdev_children: 1 vdev_tree: type: 'raidz' id: 0 guid: 1683909657511667860 nparity: 1 metaslab_array: 33 metaslab_shift: 34 ashift: 9 asize: 3000569954304 is_log: 0 create_txg: 4 children[0]: type: 'disk' id: 0 guid: 8815283814047599968 path: '/dev/disk/by-id/ata-SAMSUNG_HD103SJ_S246J90B134910-part1' whole_disk: 1 create_txg: 4 children[1]: type: 'disk' id: 1 guid: 18036424618735999728 path: '/dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51422523-part1' whole_disk: 1 create_txg: 4 children[2]: type: 'disk' id: 2 guid: 10307555127976192266 path: '/dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD10EARS-00Y5B1_WD-WMAV51535969-part1' whole_disk: 1 create_txg: 4 features_for_read: Stupidly, I do not have a recent backup of this pool. However, the pool was fine before reboot, and Linux sees the disks fine (I have smartctl running now to double check) So, in summary: I upgraded Ubuntu, and lost access to one of my two zpools. The difference between the pools is the one that came up was JBOD, the other was zraid. All drives in the unmountable zpool are marked UNAVAIL, with no notes for corrupted data The pools were both created with disks referenced from /dev/disk/by-id/. Symlinks from /dev/disk/by-id to the various /dev/sd devices seems to be correct zdb can read the labels from the drives. Pool has already been attempted to be exported/imported, and isn't able to import again. Is there some sort of black magic I can invoke via zpool/zfs to bring these disks back into a reasonable array? Can I run zpool create zraid ... without losing my data? Is my data gone anyhow?

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  • Trying to get Hobbit clients to show cpu, mem, disk, etc

    - by Bryan Agee
    I have a Hobbit server set up with a handful of hosts using conn, http, ssh, and sslcert services, but would like to add the other tests as well. I've installed hobbit-client on a server, and added: # CLIENT:fqdn.example.com to it's host line in bb-hosts, and added: HOST=fqdn.example.com before the default configuration in hobbit-clinets.cfg, but no joy. Does anyone know what else I need to do for those tests to register?

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  • NETAPP Fragmentation

    - by mdpc
    We all know that once a disk (or storage system for that matter) gets introduced into use, the performance degrades due to fragmentation of files. This seems to be why disk defragmentors are in fairly wide use on Windows boxes. And they do increase the performance substancially. As an aside, I haven't heard of many defragmentors in the Unix/Linux area. Despite the claimed WAFL protections for the NetApp, file fragmentation still will occur, especially with all the sparsely crated VMs. My question is does anybody do any sort of defragmention of such a storage system? Do you notice any measurable degration/improvement of either not doing/doing anything to address this situation? Does anybody do anything about it? If so what? Thanks

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  • What are "Missing thread recordng" erros when running fsck -fy?

    - by ohho
    There is some error reported when I run Disk Utility and verify the root volume on my OS X MacBook. So I boot and CMD-S into the shell mode and run /sbin/fsck -fy. Errors are like: ** Checking catalog file. Missing thread record (id = ...) In correct number of thread records ** Checking catalog hierarchy. Invalid volume file count (It should be ... instead of ...) ** Repairing Volume Missing directory record (id = ...) I'd like to know what is the cause of the above errors? Hopefully I will be more careful in the future to prevent them from happening again. p.s. I am using a SSD and so I assume mechanical hard disk error is less likely. Thanks!

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  • Run script when a specific disk/memory card is mounted under OSX

    - by Max Rydahl Andersen
    How do I run a script when a drive is mounted under OSX ? My usecase is that I would like to automatically copy images from my USB memory/harddrive when it is inserted in my USB card reader, and when a DVD or CD is inserted I would like to copy it for storage in my media center. I've tried using Marcopolo but from what I can see it can only detect the presence of a certain USB device, not the presence of specific harddrive. (http://superuser.com/questions/65127/is-it-possible-to-run-an-automator-workflow-when-a-usb-device-is-connected)

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  • When DNS doesn't cache

    - by John Francis
    We've had some odd DNS problems over the past couple of days that I don't fully understand. Some of our DNS names stopped resolving for some of our customers due to some 'unknown' server reconfiguration at our DNS provider. The problem seemed to be intermittent i.e. stopped working and started working within a few minutes over a couple of days. I'm no expert on DNS, but I'd have expected DNS caches to prevent this sort of thing from happening - when we need to change an IP address for a DNS record, it can take 24 hours to propogate, so how can our DNS provider be breaking name resolution intermittently for our customers so easily? Shouldn't the DNS caches kick in here? We had a similar problem about a month ago when one of their nameservers 'decided to reload the DNS database from scratch' - this broke our name resolution too. Again, why didn't the caches satisfy the name resolution requests. Any guesses would be appreciated. John

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  • mdadm raid5 recover double disk failure - with a twist (drive order)

    - by Peter Bos
    Let me acknowledge first off that I have made mistakes, and that I have a backup for most but not all of the data on this RAID. I still have hope of recovering the rest of the data. I don't have the kind of money to take the drives to a recovery expert company. Mistake #0, not having a 100% backup. I know. I have a mdadm RAID5 system of 4x3TB. Drives /dev/sd[b-e], all with one partition /dev/sd[b-e]1. I'm aware that RAID5 on very large drives is risky, yet I did it anyway. Recent events The RAID become degraded after a two drive failure. One drive [/dev/sdc] is really gone, the other [/dev/sde] came back up after a power cycle, but was not automatically re-added to the RAID. So I was left with a 4 device RAID with only 2 active drives [/dev/sdb and /dev/sdd]. Mistake #1, not using dd copies of the drives for restoring the RAID. I did not have the drives or the time. Mistake #2, not making a backup of the superblock and mdadm -E of the remaining drives. Recovery attempt I reassembled the RAID in degraded mode with mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0, using /dev/sd[bde]1. I could then access my data. I replaced /dev/sdc with a spare; empty; identical drive. I removed the old /dev/sdc1 from the RAID mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 Mistake #3, not doing this before replacing the drive I then partitioned the new /dev/sdc and added it to the RAID. mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 It then began to restore the RAID. ETA 300 mins. I followed the process via /proc/mdstat to 2% and then went to do other stuff. Checking the result Several hours (but less then 300 mins) later, I checked the process. It had stopped due to a read error on /dev/sde1. Here is where the trouble really starts I then removed /dev/sde1 from the RAID and re-added it. I can't remember why I did this; it was late. mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sde1 mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sde1 However, /dev/sde1 was now marked as spare. So I decided to recreate the whole array using --assume-clean using what I thought was the right order, and with /dev/sdc1 missing. mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 That worked, but the filesystem was not recognized while trying to mount. (It should have been EXT4). Device order I then checked a recent backup I had of /proc/mdstat, and I found the drive order. md0 : active raid5 sdb1[0] sde1[4] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] 8790402048 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I then remembered this RAID had suffered a drive loss about a year ago, and recovered from it by replacing the faulty drive with a spare one. That may have scrambled the device order a bit...so there was no drive [3] but only [0],[1],[2], and [4]. I tried to find the drive order with the Permute_array script: https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Permute_array.pl but that did not find the right order. Questions I now have two main questions: I screwed up all the superblocks on the drives, but only gave: mdadm --create --assume-clean commands (so I should not have overwritten the data itself on /dev/sd[bde]1. Am I right that in theory the RAID can be restored [assuming for a moment that /dev/sde1 is ok] if I just find the right device order? Is it important that /dev/sde1 be given the device number [4] in the RAID? When I create it with mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 \ /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 it is assigned the number [3]. I wonder if that is relevant to the calculation of the parity blocks. If it turns out to be important, how can I recreate the array with /dev/sdb1[0] missing[1] /dev/sdd1[2] /dev/sde1[4]? If I could get that to work I could start it in degraded mode and add the new drive /dev/sdc1 and let it resync again. It's OK if you would like to point out to me that this may not have been the best course of action, but you'll find that I realized this. It would be great if anyone has any suggestions.

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