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• Preprocessor directive to test if this is C or C++

  - by Collin

  I'm trying to find a standard macro which will test whether a header file is being compiled as C or as C++. The purpose of this is that the header may be included by either C or C++ code, and must behave slightly differently depending on which. Specifically: In C, I need this to be the code: extern size_t insert (const char*); In C++, I need this to be the code: extern "C" size_t insert (const char*); Additionally, is there a way to avoid putting #ifdef's around every declaration in the header?

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• an error "variable of field declared void"

  - by lego69

  I have this code: header - test.h Inside header I have some class Z and definitions of two functions test and test2 I call function test2 from test void test2(Z z, Z const *za); this is implementation of the function: void test2(Z z, Z const *za){ int i = z; //this row works cout << i << endl; } I call it from test: test2(z1, za1); // za1 is pinter to object and z1 is some object but in my header I receive an 3 errors: Multiple markers at this line - initializer expression list treated as compound expression - `A' was not declared in this scope - variable or field `quiz2' declared void can somebody please explain why? thanks in advance

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• quick sort problem

  - by farka

  I use qsort from C libary and I have datatype Element_type **pElement and Element_type is struct typedef element_type {int ,char ....} example, and i call quicksor function with qsort(*pElement,iCountElement,(size_t)sizeof(Element_type),compare); and callback function static int compare(const void *p1, const void *p2) { Element_type *a1 = (Element_type *)p1; Element_type *a2 = (Element_type *)p2; return ( (a2)->iServiceId < (a1)->iServiceId ); } but I always get segmentation fault. Why?

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• The ** idiom in C++ for object construction

  - by bobobobo

  In a lot of C++ API'S (COM-based ones spring to mind) that make something for you, the pointer to the object that is constructed is usually required as a ** pointer (and the function will construct and init it for you) You usually see signatures like: HRESULT createAnObject( int howbig, Object **objectYouWantMeToInitialize ) ; -- but you seldom see the new object being passed as a return value. Besides people wanting to see error codes, what is the reason for this? Is it better to use the ** pattern rather than a returned pointer for simpler operations such as: wchar_t* getUnicode( const char* src ) ; Or would this better be written as: void getUnicode( const char* src, wchar_t** dst ) ; The most important thing I can think of is to remember to free it, and the ** way, for some reason, tends to remind me that I have to deallocate it as well.

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• Assigning unsigned char* buffer to a string

  - by CPPChase

  This question might be asked before but I couldn't find exactly what I need. My problem is, I have a buffer loaded by data downloaded from a webservice. The buffer is in unsigned char* form in which there is no '\0' at the end. Then I have a poco xml parser needs a string. I tried assigning it to string but now I realized it would cause problem such as leaking. here is the code: DOMParser::DOMParser(unsigned char* consatData, int consatDataSize, unsigned char* lagData, int lagDataSize) { Poco::XML::DOMParser parser; std::string consat; consat.assign((const char*) consatData, consatDataSize); pDoc = parser.parseString(consat); ParseConsat(); } Poco xml parser does have a ParseMemory which need a const char* and size of data but for some reason it just gives me segmentation fault. So I think it's safer to turn it to string. Thanks in advance.

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• How would I implement code in a .h file into the main.cpp file?

  - by Lea

  I have a c++ project I am working on. I am a little stumped at the moment. I need a little help. I need to implement code from the .h file into the main.cpp file and I am not sure how to do that. For example code code from main.cpp: switch (choice){ case 1: // open an account { cout << "Please enter the opening balence: $ "; cin >> openBal; cout << endl; cout << "Please enter the account number: "; cin >> accountNum; cout << endl; break; } case 2:// check an account { cout << "Please enter the account number: "; cin >> accountNum; cout << endl; break; } and code from the .h file: void display(ostream& out) const; // displays every item in this list through out bool retrieve(elemType& item) const; // retrieves item from this list // returns true if item is present in this list and // element in this list is copied to item // false otherwise // transformers void insert(const elemType& item); // inserts item into this list // preconditions: list is not full and // item not present in this list // postcondition: item is in this list In the .h file you would need to use the void insert under transformer in the main.cpp under case 1. How would you do that? Any help is apprecaited. I hope I didn't confuse anyone on what I am needing to know how to do. Thanks

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• Why timed lock doesnt throws a timeout exception in C++0x?

  - by Vicente Botet Escriba

  C++0x allows to lock on a mutex until a given time is reached, and return a boolean stating if the mutex has been locked or not. template <class Clock, class Duration> bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); In some contexts, I consider an exceptional situation that the locking fails because of timeout. In this case an exception should be more appropriated. To make the difference a function lock_until could be used to get a timeout exception when the time is reached before locking. template <class Clock, class Duration> void lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); Do you think that lock_until should be more adequate in some contexts? if yes, on which ones? If no, why try_lock_until will always be a better choice?

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• Comparing structs in C++

  - by kamziro

  So in C++ There's a lot of times where you need to make an "index" class. For example: class GameID{ public: string name; int regionid; int gameid; bool operator<(const GameID& rhs) const; } Now, if we were to represent GameID as pair , the operator comparison just comes with it. Is there any other way to get that automatic operator comparison without having to use std::pair< ?

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• Best way to implement a data structure in PHP ?

  - by Double Gras

  Hi, I want to use some kind of data structure in PHP (5.2), mainly in order to not pollute the global namespace. I think about two approaches, using an array or a class. Could you tell me which approach is better ? Thanks $SQL_PARAMETERS = array ( 'server' => '127.0.0.1', 'login' => 'root'); class SqlParameters { const SERVER = '127.0.0.1'; const LOGIN = 'root'; } echo $SQL_PARAMETERS['server']; echo SqlParameters::SERVER;

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• Using pipes inside a class in C++

  - by Paul

  I'm trying to use this tutorial to make plots with Gnuplot in C++. However I will be using the pipe to Gnuplot from within a class, but then I run into some problems: I've got a header file where I declare all variables etc. I need to declare the pipe-variable here too, but how do I do that? I've tried doing it straight away, but it doesn't work: Logger.h: class Logger { FILE pipe; } Logger.cpp: Logger::Logger() { //Constructor *pipe = popen("gnuplot -persist","w"); } Gives the error Logger.cpp:28: error: no match for ‘operator=’ in ‘*((Logger*)this)->Logger::pipe = popen(((const char*)"gnuplot -persist"), ((const char*)"w"))’ Suggestions?

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• not working function with no errors

  - by aya

  hello.. I've implemented a function to display an avl tree after inserting nodes into it like this template void AVLtree::display() const { display(Proot); } template void AVLtree::display(Node * ptr) const { if(ptr==0) return ; cout<value<<" "; display(ptr-Pleft); display(ptr-Pright); } after compiling,there were no errors ,the program worked but nothing were printed on the screen help me please....!! thanks

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• strftimedoesnt display year correctly

  - by paultop6

  Hi guys, i have the following code below: const char* timeformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"; const int timelength = 20; char timecstring[timelength]; strftime(timecstring, timelength, timeformat, currentstruct); cout << "timecstring is: " << timecstring << "\n"; currentstruct is a tm*. The cout is giving me the date in the correct format, but the year is not 2010, but 3910. I know there is something to do with the year cound starting at 1900, but im not sure how to get strftime to recognise this and not add 1900 to the value of 2010 that is there, can anyone help. Regards Paul

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• Static initialization of a struct with class members

  - by JS Bangs

  I have a struct that's defined with a large number of vanilla char* pointers, but also an object member. When I try to statically initialize such a struct, I get a compiler error. typedef struct { const char* pszA; // ... snip ... const char* pszZ; SomeObject obj; } example_struct; // I only want to assign the first few members, the rest should be default example_struct ex = { "a", "b" }; SomeObject has a public default constructor with no arguments, so I didn't think this would be a problem. But when I try to compile this (using VS), I get the following error: error C2248: 'SomeObject::SomeObject' : cannot access private member declared in class 'SomeObject' Any idea why?

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• Problem with pointer copy in C

  - by Stefano Salati

  I radically re-edited the question to explain better my application, as the xample I made up wasn't correct in many ways as you pointed out: I have one pointer to char and I want to copy it to another pointer and then add a NULL character at the end (in my real application, the first string is a const, so I cannot jsut modify it, that's why I need to copy it). I have this function, "MLSLSerialWriteBurst" which I have to fill with some code adapt to my microcontroller. tMLError MLSLSerialWriteBurst( unsigned char slaveAddr, unsigned char registerAddr, unsigned short length, const unsigned char *data ) { unsigned char *tmp_data; tmp_data = data; *(tmp_data+length) = NULL; // this function takes a tmp_data which is a char* terminated with a NULL character ('\0') if(EEPageWrite2(slaveAddr,registerAddr,tmp_data)==0) return ML_SUCCESS; else return ML_ERROR; } I see there's a problem here: tha fact that I do not initialize tmp_data, but I cannot know it's length.

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• new operator overwriting an existing object

  - by dvpdiner2

  I have a custom FastStack class, implemented as a fixed size array and an index into that array. In my copy constructor, I allocate the array and then assign each object from the copy's array into the new array. There's some refcounting in the objects on the stack, hence assignment is used rather than a simple copy. The problem is that when allocating the array, it sometimes overwrites part of the other stack's array. As can be expected, this leads to eventual segmentation faults when that data is dereferenced. class FastStack { private: int m_size, m_ptr; ObjectRef* m_stack; public: FastStack(int size) : m_size(size), m_ptr(-1) { m_stack = new ObjectRef[m_size]; } FastStack(const FastStack& copy) : m_size(copy.m_size), m_ptr(copy.m_ptr) { long a = (long)copy.m_stack[0]; m_stack = new ObjectRef[m_size]; if ((long)copy.m_stack[0] != a) fprintf(stderr, "\nWe have a serious problem!\n\n"); for (int i = 0; i <= m_ptr; i++) m_stack[i] = copy.m_stack[i]; } ~FastStack() { delete[] m_stack; } }; class ObjectRef { private: DataObj* m_obj; public: ObjectRef() : m_obj(0) { } ObjectRef(DataObj* obj) : m_obj(obj) { if (m_obj) m_obj->addRef(); } ObjectRef(const ObjectRef& obj) : m_obj(obj.m_obj) { if (m_obj) m_obj->addRef(); } ~ObjectRef() { if (m_obj) m_obj->delRef(); } ObjectRef& operator=(DataObj* obj) { if (obj) obj->addRef(); if (m_obj) m_obj->delRef(); m_obj = obj; return *this; } ObjectRef& operator=(const ObjectRef& obj) { if (obj.m_obj) obj.m_obj->addRef(); if (m_obj) m_obj->delRef(); m_obj = obj.m_obj; return *this; } }; I see that "We have a serious problem!" line shortly before a segfault, and stepping through it with gdb I can see that one of the ObjectRefs created by new has the same address as the other stack's array. My first instinct is to say that new should never be allocating memory that is already in use, but that clearly seems to be the case here and I am at a complete loss as to what can be done. Added: At the time that I see this happen, m_size = 2 and m_ptr = 0.

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• How to call operator<< on "this" in a descendant of std::stringstream?

  - by romkyns

  class mystream : public std::stringstream { public: void write_something() { this << "something"; } }; This results in the following two compile errors on VC++10: error C2297: '<<' : illegal, right operand has type 'const char [10]' error C2296: '<<' : illegal, left operand has type 'mystream *const ' Judging from the second one, this is because what this points at can't be changed, but the << operator does (or at least is declared as if it does). Correct? Is there some other way I can still use the << and >> operators on this?

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• C++: Vector3 type "wall" ?

  - by anon

  Say I have: class Vector3 { float x, y, z; ... bunch of cuntions .. static operator+(const Vector3&, const Vector3); }; Now, suppose I want to have classes: Position, Velocity, that are exactly like Vector3 (basically, I want typedef Vector3 Position; typedef Vector3 Velocity; Except, given: Position position; Vector3 vector3; Velocity velocity; I want to make sure the following can't happen: position + vector3; vector3 + velocity; velocity + position; What is the best way to achieve this?

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• Fast comparison of char arrays?

  - by StackedCrooked

  I'm currently working in a codebase where IPv4 addresses are represented as pointers to u_int8. The equality operator is implemented like this: bool Ipv4Address::operator==(const u_int8 * inAddress) const { return (*(u_int32*) this->myBytes == *(u_int32*) inAddress); } This is probably the fasted solution, but it causes the GCC compiler warning: ipv4address.cpp:65: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules How can I rewrite the comparison correctly without breaking strict-aliasing rules and without losing performance points? I have considered using either memcmp or this macro: #define IS_EQUAL(a, b) \ (a[0] == b[0] && a[1] == b[1] && a[2] == b[2] && a[3] == b[3]) I'm thinking that the macro is the fastest solution. What do you recommend?

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• How to fix a warning message associated with strlen() used in Yacc?

  - by user547894

  Hello! Please i need your help. Basically, I am facing this warning message upon compiling with gcc, and am not able to deduce the error: Here are the details: The warning message i am receiving is literrally as follows: y.tab.c: In function ‘yyparse’: y.tab.c:1317 warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘strlen’ My Lex File looks like: %{ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ctype.h> #include "y.tab.h" void yyerror(const char*); char *ptrStr; %} %START nameState %% "Name:" { BEGIN nameState; } <nameState>.+ { ptrStr = (char *)calloc(strlen(yytext)+1, sizeof(char)); strcpy(ptrStr, yytext); yylval.sValue = ptrStr; return sText; } %% int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if ( argc < 3 ) { printf("Two args are needed: input and output"); } else { yyin = fopen(argv[1], "r"); yyout = fopen(argv[2], "w"); yyparse(); fclose(yyin); fclose(yyout); } return 0; } My Yacc file is as follows: %{ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ctype.h> #include "y.tab.h" void yyerror(const char*); int yywrap(); extern FILE *yyout; %} %union { int iValue; char* sValue; }; %token <sValue> sText %token nameToken %% StartName: /* for empty */ | sName ; sName: sText { fprintf(yyout, "The Name is: %s", $1); fprintf(yyout, "The Length of the Name is: %d", strlen($1)); } ; %% void yyerror(const char *str) { fprintf(stderr,"error: %s\n",str); } int yywrap() { return 1; } *I was wondering how to remove this warning message. Please any suggestions are highly appreciated! Thanks in advance.

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• g++ no matching function call error

  - by gufftan

  I've got a compiler error but I can't figure out why. the .hpp: #ifndef _CGERADE_HPP #define _CGERADE_HPP #include "CVektor.hpp" #include <string> class CGerade { protected: CVektor o, rv; public: CGerade(CVektor n_o, CVektor n_rv); CVektor getPoint(float t); string toString(); }; the .cpp: #include "CGerade.hpp" CGerade::CGerade(CVektor n_o, CVektor n_rv) { o = n_o; rv = n_rv.getUnitVector(); } the error message: CGerade.cpp:10: error: no matching function for call to ‘CVektor::CVektor()’ CVektor.hpp:28: note: candidates are: CVektor::CVektor(float, float, float) CVektor.hpp:26: note: CVektor::CVektor(bool, float, float, float) CVektor.hpp:16: note: CVektor::CVektor(const CVektor&) CGerade.cpp:10: error: no matching function for call to ‘CVektor::CVektor()’ CVektor.hpp:28: note: candidates are: CVektor::CVektor(float, float, float) CVektor.hpp:26: note: CVektor::CVektor(bool, float, float, float) CVektor.hpp:16: note: CVektor::CVektor(const CVektor&)

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• Has anyone properly interpreted HTTP request based on this demo of winpcap?

  - by httpinterpret

  The example is here, and I tried it by changing the filter to tcp and dst port 80 and the following: void packet_handler(u_char *param, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data) { .... ip_len = (ih->ver_ihl & 0xf) * 4; tcp_len = (((u_char*)ih)[ip_len + 12] >> 4) * 4; tcpPayload = (u_char*)ih + ip_len + tcp_len; /* start of url - skip "GET " */ url = tcpPayload + 4; end_url = strchr((char*)url, ' '); url_length = end_url - url; final_url = (u_char*)malloc(url_length + 1); strncpy((char*)final_url, (char*)url, url_length); final_url[url_length] = '\0'; printf("%s\n", final_url); .... } But through debug, I see tcpPayload is full of messy code,not supposed "GET ..." stuff. What's wrong with my implement?

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• Objective-C: how to splt a string constant across multiple lines

  - by Ilya

  Hi, I have a pretty long sqlite query: const char *sql_query = "SELECT statuses.word_id FROM lang1_words, statuses WHERE statuses.word_id = lang1_words.word_id ORDER BY lang1_words.word ASC"; How can I break it in a number of lines to make it easier to read? If I do the following: const char *sql_query = "SELECT word_id FROM table1, table2 WHERE table2.word_id = table1.word_id ORDER BY table1.word ASC"; I am getting a error. Is there a way to write queries in multiple lines? Thank you.

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• How to implement copy operator for such C++ structure?

  - by Kabumbus

  So having struct ResultStructure { ResultStructure(const ResultStructure& other) { // copy code in here ? using memcpy ? how??? } ResultStructure& operator=(const ResultStructure& other) { if (this != &other) { // copy code in here ? } return *this } int length; char* ptr; }; How to implement copy? (sorry - I am C++ nube)

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• Class basic operators

  - by swan

  Hi, Is it necessary to have a copy constructor, destructor and operator= in a class that have only static data member, no pointer class myClass{ int dm; public: myClass(){ dm = 1; } ~myClass(){ } // Is this line usefull ? myClass(const myClass& myObj){ // and that operator? this->dm = myObj.dm; } myClass& operator=(const myClass& myObj){ // and that one? if(this != &myObj){ this->dm = myObj.dm; } return *this; } }; I read that the compiler build one for us, so it is better to not have one (when we add a data member we have to update the operators)

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• How to access constant defined in child class?

  - by kavoir.com

  I saw this example from php.net: <?php class MyClass { const MY_CONST = "yonder"; public function __construct() { $c = get_class( $this ); echo $c::MY_CONST; } } class ChildClass extends MyClass { const MY_CONST = "bar"; } $x = new ChildClass(); // prints 'bar' $y = new MyClass(); // prints 'yonder' ?> But $c::MY_CONST is only recognized in version 5.3.0 or later. The class I'm writing may be distributed a lot. Basically, I have defined a constant in ChildClass and one of the functions in MyClass (father class) needs to use the constant. Any idea?

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