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• Can I shorten my directory commands in ubuntu?

  - by Spencer Cooley

  When working on a rails app I like to open all of my files through the command line like so cd my_app gedit app/views/user/show.html.erb Is there a way that I could shorten this so that I could just write something like gedit user_views/show.html.erb ? I would like the console to stay in the main directory, I just don't like having to type out app/controller/user_controler.rb every time I want to open the user controller. I know that I could just open the file with my mouse, but I feel like moving from keyboard to mouse breaks my focus a little bit. When I can just tap away at the keyboard it seems like I have a more smooth workflow.

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• Sudoers file permissions

  - by twigg

  I'm trying to run the following command without the need for sudo: echo 1 | sudo tee -a /sys/block/$hd/device/delete The $hd variable changes dynamically from sdb - sdi for each one of my HDD's in my drive bay. I added the following line to the sudoers file: operator ALL=/sys/block/sdb/device/delete But this didn't make a difference its still asking for sudo password even if I run: echo 1 | sudo tee -a /sys/block/sdb/device/delete

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• Writing a script for ash?

  - by rumtscho

  My VPN is behaving funny sometimes, and I have to restart it often. I wanted to write a script which does that for me. It doesn't have to be anything fancy, just a shortcut for the commands I have to type into the terminal. More specifically: it will look at the running processes. If it finds a running vpnc process, it will kill it. Then it will start vpnc. I've written bash scripts of similar complexity, but now I don't have a bash, only an ash. Until now, the only difference I noticed is that there are much less commands available, but then, I don't use it very often. So I have some questions. Is writing ash scripts different than writing bash scripts? Is there something specific to consider when doing it? When the script is ready, how can I deploy it? For bash, I just put the executable file under /usr/lib and run it by typing the file name into the command line, will this work with ash? Are there any special pitfalls to watch out for in the script I want to write? I think that the killing process part may get hairy, if I write something that kills the wrong process, but even then running the script shouldn't break anything permanently, right?

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• Newbie: get access privilege

  - by Mellon

  I am newbie on Linux Ubuntu machine. I logged in to the Ubuntu with username: student. There are some directories only allowed root user to access, for example /var/lib/mysql ,(I know I can use sudo to access but it is not what I want). If I want to get the access privilege on those directories with student account, is it so that I can run the following command : chown student: PATH_TO_ROOT_USER_PRIVILEGED_DIR and after that, I can access that directory by using my own account ? am I right? If I am right, then will root user lose the access privilege because I changed it to student user? If I am wrong, please tell me the right solution. P.S. please don't concern on what I am going to do on /var/lib/mysql directory, that is only my example, as I mentioned above, I mean generally *for those directories which only have root privilege*, can I use chown to change access privilege and will root user then loose the access because of the change made by chown ? I just wanna know the effect of chown.

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• Bash script 'while read' loop causes 'broken pipe' error when run with GNU Parallel

  - by Joe White

  According to the GNU Parallel mailing list this is not a GNU Parallel-specific problem. They suggested that I post my problem here. The error I'm getting is a "broken pipe" error, but I feel I should first explain the context of my problem and what causes this error. It happens when trying to use any bash script containing a 'while read' loop in GNU Parallel. I have a basic bash script like this: #!/bin/bash # linkcheck.sh while read domain do host "$domain" done Assume that I want to pipe in a large list (250mb say). cat urllist | ./linkcheck.sh Running host command on 250mb worth of URLs is rather slow. To speed things up I want to break up the input into chunks before piping it and then run multiple jobs in parallel. GNU Parallel is capable of doing this. cat urllist | parallel --pipe -j0 parallel ./linkcheck.sh {} {} is substituted by the contents of urllist line-by-line. Assume that my systems default setup is capable of running 500ish jobs per instance of parallel. To get round this limitation we can parallelize Parallel itself: cat urllist | parallel -j10 --pipe parallel -j0 ./linkcheck.sh {} This will run 5000'ish jobs. It will also, sadly, cause the error "broken pipe" (bash FAQ). Yet the script starts to work if I remove the while read loop and take input directly from whatever is fed into {} e.g., #!/bin/bash # linkchecker.sh domain="$1" host "$1" Why will it not work with a while read loop? Is it safe to just turn off the SIGPIPE signal to stop the "broken pipe" message, or will that have side effects such as data corruption? Thanks for reading.

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• Removing duplicate files, keeping only the newest file

  - by pinkie_d_pie_0228

  I'm trying to clean up a photo dump folder, in which several files are duplicated but with different filenames or lost in subfolders. I've looked at tools like rmlint, duff and fdupes, but I can't seem to find a way to have them keep only the file with the most recent timestamp. I suspect I have to postprocess the results, but I don't even know where to start to do this. Can anyone guide me on how to get the duplicate files list and delete everything but the newest file?

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• List files with last access date in linux

  - by kayaker243

  I'd like to clean up a server that my webmaster let turn into a mess. I know how to list all files not accessed within the last x days using find and -atime, but what I'm looking for is to come up with a listing of the last access date for files one level down in directory /foo: /foo/bar1.txt Dec 11, 2001 /foo/bar2.txt Nov 12, 2008 /foo/bar3.txt Jan 12, 2004 For folders one level down in directory /foo, list the date of the most recently accessed file within the directory (no limit on depth for identifying last access date) /foo/bar1/ Feb 13, 2012 /foo/bar2/ Oct 11, 2008 Where /foo/bar1/ has a file modified Jan 1, 1998 and Feb 13, 2012 and /foo/bar2/ has 30 files, most recent of which was accessed Oct 11, 2008. This question is similar to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5566310/how-to-recursively-find-and-list-the-latest-modified-files-in-a-directory-with-s but rather than the modification date, the date of interest is the last accessed date.

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• How to interpret output from Linux 'top' command?

  - by Ali

  Following a discussion made HERE about how PHP-FPM consuming memory, I just found a problem in reading the memory in top command. Here is a screenshot of my top just after restarting PHP-FPM. Everything is normal: about 20 PHP-FPM processes, each consuming 5.5MB memory (0.3% of total). Here is the aged server right before restart of PHP-FPM (one day after the previous restart). Here, we still have about 25 PHP-FPM with double memory usage (10MB indicating 0.5% of total). Thus, the total memory used should be 600-700 MB. Then, why 1.6GB memory has been used?

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• Distributing a custom command line tool to enterprise servers

  - by Jeremy Baker

  I've been tasked with building a command line tool that we will be providing to our enterprise customers so that they can use the API to upload data to our platform. The API works with standard cURL requests, so I can do most of the basic functionality with simple bash scripting, although I would like to provide something that is solid and really makes it easy for them to use and I don't know what I don't know. It's been a good 8 years since I've really done any serious sysadmin work. Most of the good tools I use these days are written in Ruby or Python and have a standard distribution process (Gems, for example). However, I know rhel and other platforms have their own package managers. Finally, the question: In today's day and age, what language / distribution method should I consider in order to cover the widest range of platforms without having to build completely different versions for each platform? I'd also love any general feedback you have about building similar projects, or links to projects that you think do a good job of this now and have open source code that I could read. Thanks in advance!

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• Command to execute another command while replaying the command on STDOUT

  - by hakre

  It's not easy to formulate the question properly, maybe it helps when I describe what I'd like to do. I want to execute a command and pipe it's output into a tool called pastebinit which uploads the STDOUT output to pastebin. That works very well, however I would like to send the command itself on top of it but w/o typing it a second time. Is there some command I can launch "my command" with that will Print "my command" on STDOUT Executes "my command" I have the feeling that something like that exists but as hard as it is to formulate such a question properly, I was not able to dig it up with google so far.

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• Wildcards not being substituted

  - by user21463

  #!/bin/bash loc=`echo ~/.gvfs/*/DCIM/100_FUJI` rm -f /mnt/fujifilmA100 ln -s "$loc" /mnt/fujifilmA100 For some reason the variable * doesn't get substituted with the only possible value and gets given the value /home/chris/.gvfs/*/DCIM/100_FUJI. Does anyone have an idea of why? Please note: If global expansion fails, the pattern is not substituted. I ran the commands: chris@comp2008:~$ loc=`echo ~/.gvfs/*/DCIM/100_FUJI ` chris@comp2008:~$ echo $loc /home/chris/.gvfs/gphoto2 mount on usb%3A001,008/DCIM/100_FUJI So we can see the expansion should work I have now switched to using: loc = `find ~/.gvfs -name 100_FUJI ` I am just curious why it doesn't work as is. Debugging output using sh -x echo /home/chris/.gvfs/*/DCIM/100_FUJI loc=/home/chris/.gvfs/*/DCIM/100_FUJI rm -f /mnt/fujifilmA100 ln -s /home/chris/.gvfs/*/DCIM/100_FUJI/mnt/fujifilmA100

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• bash vs sh | What is the difference

  - by Saif Bechan

  In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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• Need script to redirect STDIN & STDOUT to named pipes

  - by user54903

  I have an app that launches an authentication helper (my script) and uses STDIN/STDOUT to communicate. I want to re-direct STDIN and STDOUT from this script to two named pipes for interaction with another program. E.g.: SCRIPT_STDIN pipe1 SCRIPT_STDOUT < pipe2 Here is the flow I'm trying to accomplish: [Application] - Launches helper script, writes to helpers STDIN, reads from helpers STDOUT (example: STDIN:username,password; STDOUT:LOGIN_OK) [Helper Script] - Reads STDIN (data from app), forwards to PIPE1; reads from PIPE2, writes that back to the app on STDOUT [Other Process] - Reads from PIPE1 input, processes and returns results to PIPE2 The cat command can almost do what I want. If there were an option to copy STDIN to STDERR I could make cat do this with a command (assuming the fictitious option -e echos to STDERR rather than STDOUT): cat -e PIPE2 2PIPE1 (read from PIPE2 and write it to STDOUT, copy input, normally going to STDERR to PIPE1)

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• Why does terminal prompt text becomes black when connecting to Ubuntu with Nomachine NX client?

  - by David B

  I'm using Nomachine NX client for Windows to remotely connect to my Ubuntu. Every now and then I experience a strange phenomena: the text in the prompt of all open terminal windows becomes black, so it can't be viewed over the black background. Typed commands are also black, but the results are in normal colors. So I can run stuff, but can't see what I'm typing... After I close all open terminal windows and start a new terminal window, everything goes back to normal. This is rerally annoying and happens quite often. Any idea why?

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• Transfer used ram to swap and free more physical ram

  - by AbuOmar

  I have a vps with 256m physical ram and 512m swap space, I am trying to use a software that need more than 256m and less than 512m ram, so it uses swap. The problem is at some moment of the installation, the installation process checks the available physical ram, it's full (some swap is used), so it pauses the installation and tills that it must be some more ram to continue the installation.. I see that I need to move some of used physical ram to swap while the process is running.. Is there anyway I can do that? or any other solution! For sorry I am using openvz vps, and the vm.swappiness option can't be modified as a solution.

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• pfSense command to delete stale SAD

  - by Justin Shin

  I'm experiencing an issue with pfSense where duplicate SAD's are getting created after rekeying, forcing me to manually go ahead and delete the old SAD's. It's not a huge issue but it does get to be a problem once I let it go for a few days. I just installed the cron package for pfSense so I could run a script to identify stale SAD's and delete them but I am not that familiar with BSD or pfSense. Is there a command that enumerates SAD's and their properties, and another that can delete by ID? I can form the conditional parts of the script but I do not know the commands to run. I would imagine it would be something like: Enumerate SAD's Identify Duplicate ones by matching Source and destination IP's Find the one with the larger bytes transferred Delete

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• home, end, delete, pageup, pagedown with ksh

  - by Nicolas

  Hello. I want to use home, end, delete, pageup, pagedown with ksh. My TERM is xterm-color. These keys works fine with tcsh and zsh, but not with ksh (print a tilda ~) I found this: bind '^[[3'=prefix-2 bind '^[[3~'=delete-char-forward bind '^[[1'=prefix-2 bind '^[[1~'=beginning-of-line bind '^[[4'=prefix-2 bind '^[[4~'=end-of-line But when I set one bindkey, the last does not work anymore. How can I use these keys in ksh with a .kshrc ? Thanks.

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• What are the common Control combinations in a terminal setting

  - by Hamish Downer

  I would like to have a good guide to the common Control key combinations in use in bash (and similar) shells and the combinations used by common programs in use in those shells. My particular motivation is to be able to run GNU screen on one computer, ssh to a second computer and use screen and irssi on that computer. So I need to use something other than Ctrl-A to control one of the screen sessions. So I need to know what are Control key combinations are safe to use. But I imagine this list would be useful for others who want to bind custom actions to Control key combinations. I reckon we'd be best to group the Control key combinations by application (eg. bash itself, screen, vim, emacs), to make it easy to spot the applications you use or can ignore. So please one application per answer - hope that works.

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• how to use updatedb command as an ordinary user on linux?

  - by hugemeow

  locate command is very useful tool on linux, but it seems only root can run updatedb command, so it will be very unconvinent to use locate command on linux, so how to make ordinary user to have the priviledge to run updatedb command? updatedb is the command use to update the db used by locate command:) error message when try to run updatedb using ordinary user: [mirror@home code]$ updatedb updatedb: can not open a temporary file for `/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db'

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• Why does \rm work but rm doesn't?

  - by cowcow

  Usually whenever I remove directories, "rm -rf " works. But sometimes I get this response: "rm: examine files in directory / (yes/no)?" Then I try "\rm -rf ", and that works. Can anyone explain why?

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• Not being able to `make` in terminal on Mac OS X 10.7

  - by AlanTuring

  Hi so i am trying to install the commands wget and with-readline for use with Mac OS X's terminal. The configuration seems to work fine for both even though i am required to specify for the first one, host= i686-apple. When i get to the make part of the installation, the output is as follows. For wget: for with-readline so does anyone have any idea what's going on? Pastie links: wget: http://pastie.org/4925079 with-readline: http://pastie.org/4925083 Thanks in advance.

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• Excluding Environment Variables from ZSH Autocomplete

  - by Bryan Veloso

  Quick example: ~ $ wor<TAB> ~ $ WORDCHARS= WORDCHARS WORKON_HOME WORKON_HOME workon workon is the desired command. Is there a way to exclude the environment variables from auto-completing in ZSH?

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• Bash: Read lines in a file scenario with sed or awk

  - by user105566

  I have this scenarios: File Content: 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.4 I want sed or awk so that when i cat the file every time new line is returned. like First iteration: cat ip | some magic 10.1.1.1 Second iteration returns 10.1.1.2 Third iteration returns 10.1.1.3 Fourth iteration returns 10.1.1.4 and after n number of iterations, it returns to line 1 Fifth iteration returns: 10.1.1.1 Can we do it using sed or awk.

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• Useful command-line aliases?

  - by MiffTheFox

  I've been wondering what command-line aliases (such as in bash, or just even .bat files under Windows) you can't live without? I'll start off with my favourite: alias q=exit

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• How to automate changing my ip?

  - by callisto

  I am very new to OSX. I will use my MBP at work and home. I would like to be easily able to switch my ip when changing location. Thus far I have dabbled with the automator, hoping to do something like this: [pseudocode] If IP = 192.168.0.10 root# changeip 192.168.0.10 10.0.0.15 else root# changeip 10.0.0.15 192.168.0.10 The reason for this is that my IP from home will not allow me access at work and vice versa. I have friends and family who drop in now and then, multiple wireless devices set up for the home IP range. Changing all of that to accommodate one new device (the Macbook) would make me reconsider my foray into OSX. I'd rather have the MBP adapt to me than I to it.

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