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  • How to conform to update-rc.d with LSB standard?

    - by user34881
    This is a migrated question from stackoverflow, as I was told, this is the place for it to be. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2263567/how-to-conform-to-update-rc-d-with-lsb-standard I have set up a simple script to back up some directories. While I haven't had any problems setting up the functionality, I'm stuck with adding the script to rcX.d dir's using update-rc.d. My script: #! /bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: backup # Required-Start: backup # Required-Stop: # Should-Stop: # Default-Start: 0 6 # Default-Stop: # Description: Backs up some dirs ### END INIT INFO check_mounted() { # Check if HD is mounted } do_backup() { if check_mounted; then # Some rsync statements. fi } case "$1" in start) do_backup ;; restart|reload|force-reload) echo "Error: argument '$1' not supported" >&2 exit 3 ;; stop|"") # No-op ;; *) echo "Usage: backup [start]" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac : Using update-rc.d backup start 10 0 6 . I get the following warnings and errors: update-rc.d: warning: backup start runlevel arguments (none) do not match LSB Default-Start values (0 6) update-rc.d: warning: backup stop runlevel arguments (0 6.) do not match LSB Default-Stop values (none) update-rc.d: error: start|stop arguments not terminated by "." The syntax I try to use is the following: update-rc.d [-n] <basename> start|stop NN runlvl [runlvl] [...] . Google wasn't that helpful at finding a solution. How can I correctly set up a script and add it via update-rc.d? I'm using Ubuntu 9.10. UPDATE Using update-rc.d backup start 10 0 6 . stop 10 0 . the error disappears. The warnings about default values persists: update-rc.d: warning: backup start runlevel arguments (none) do not match LSB Default-Start values (0 6) update-rc.d: warning: backup stop runlevel arguments (0 6 0 6) do not match LSB Default-Stop values (none) It even is added to the appropiate rcX-dirs but it still does not get executed...

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  • startup Error for Zend Server CE

    - by Jamison
    Hello! I've got a strange startup error for Zend Server CE - it's probably easy to fix, but I don't have much experience with Zend Server! I'm running the latest OSX 10.6.6 and the latest Zend Server CE for Mac. When I run the "start" command from the command line, here is what I get: /usr/local/zend/bin/apachectl start [OK] spawn-fcgi: child spawned successfully: PID: 4206 /usr/local/zend/bin/shell_functions.rc: line 133: 4210 Bus error $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY 1>&3 2>&4 /usr/local/zend/bin/shell_functions.rc: line 133: 4211 Bus error $WATCHDOG -u $WD_UID -g $WD_GID -s $BINARY 1>&3 2>&4 Starting Zend Server GUI [Lighttpd] [FAILED] /usr/local/zend/bin/lighttpdctl.sh: line 46: 4212 Bus error $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY Starting MySQL SUCCESS! /usr/local/zend/bin/shell_functions.rc: line 133: 4304 Bus error $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY 1>&3 2>&4 /usr/local/zend/bin/shell_functions.rc: line 133: 4425 Bus error $WATCHDOG -u $WD_UID -g $WD_GID -s $BINARY 1>&3 2>&4 Starting Java bridge [FAILED] /usr/local/zend/bin/java_bridge.sh: line 39: 4426 Bus error $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY Zend Server started... The challenge is that ZEND SERVER wont open the GUI with this error, and seemingly I can click on Zend Server in the Applications folder and it opens for a second and immediately closes. I've made sure that Web Sharing is turned off to avoid conflicts, and I've run Disk Utility from my recovery disk to make sure there are no file system errors. Here is what the lines that are referenced in the errors have in terms of code: shell_functions.rc: (starting on line 132 - the error message says line 133...): launch() { if [ -z "$DEBUG" ]; then exec 3>/dev/null 4>&3 else exec 3>&1 4>&2 fi $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY 1>&3 2>&4 RET=$? if [ $RET -eq 0 ];then $ECHO_CMD "$BINARY watchdog is up and running.. ${OK_COLOR}[OK]${T_RESET}" return $RET else #$WATCHDOG -u $WD_UID -g $WD_GID -s $BINARY >> "$PREFIX/logs/watchdog_$BINARY.log" 2>&1 $WATCHDOG -u $WD_UID -g $WD_GID -s $BINARY 1>&3 2>&4 report $? "Starting" fi } _kill() { $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 1 ];then $ECHO_CMD "$BINARY is not running" else $WATCHDOG -t $BINARY > /dev/null 2>&1 report $? "Stopping" fi } lighttpdctl.sh: (starting on line 45 - the error message says line 46...): status() { $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY } case "$1" in start) start status ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop sleep 1 start ;; status) status ;; *) usage exit 1 esac exit $? java_bridge.sh: (starting on line 38 - the error message says line 39...): status() { $WATCHDOG -i $BINARY } Question: "Watchdog" is library in this zend BIN folder - it seems to handle error reporting? all the errors in my start command seem to deal with this Watchdog thing, but I don't know what to do about it... Thanks!

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  • SQL Clustering on Hyper V - is a cluster within a cluster a benefit.

    - by Chris W
    This is a re-hash of a question I asked a while back - after a consultant has come in firing ideas in to other teams in the department the whole issue has been raised again hence I'm looking for more detailed answers. We're intending to set-up a multi-instance SQL Cluster across a number of physical blades which will run a variety of different systems across each SQL instance. In general use there will be one virtual SQL instance running on each VM host. Again, in general operation each VM host will run on a dedicated underlying blade. The set-up should give us lots of flexibility for maintenance of any individual VM or underlying blade with all the SQL instances able to fail over as required. My original plan had been to do the following: Install 2008 R2 on each blade Add Hyper V to each blade Install a 2008 R2 VM to each blade Within the VMs - create a failover cluster and then install SQL Server clustering. The consultant has suggested that we instead do the following: Install 2008 R2 on each blade Add Hyper V to each blade Install a 2008 R2 VM to each blade Create a cluster on the HOST machines which will host all the VMs. Within the VMs - create a failover cluster and then install SQL Server clustering. The big difference is the addition of step 4 whereby we cluster all of the guest VMs as well. The argument is that it improves maintenance further since we have no ties at all between the SQL cluster and physical hardware. We can in theory live migrate the guest VMs around the hosts without affecting the SQL cluster at all so we for routine maintenance physical blades we move the SQL cluster around without interruption and without needing to failover. It sounds like a nice idea but I've not come across anything on the internet where people say they've done this and it works OK. Can I actually do the live migrations of the guests without the SQL Cluster hosted within them getting upset? Does anyone have any experience of this set up, good or bad? Are there some pros and cons that I've not considered? I appreciate that mirroring is also a valuable option to consider - in this case we're favouring clustering since it will do the whole of each instance and we have a good number of databases. Some DBs are for lumbering 3rd party systems that may not even work kindly with mirroring (and my understanding of clustering is that fail overs are completely transparent to the clients). Thanks.

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  • Raid1 with active and spare partition

    - by Daniel Baron
    I am having the following problem with a RAID1 software raid partition on my Ubuntu system (10.04 LTS, 2.6.32-24-server in case it matters). One of my disks (sdb5) reported I/O errors and was therefore marked faulty in the array. The array was then degraded with one active device. Hence, I replaced the harddisk, cloned the partition table and added all new partitions to my raid arrays. After syncing all partitions ended up fine, having 2 active devices - except one of them. The partition which reported the faulty disk before, however, did not include the new partition as an active device but as a spare disk: md3 : active raid1 sdb5[2] sda5[1] 4881344 blocks [2/1] [_U] A detailed look reveals: root@server:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md3 [...] Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 21 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb5 1 8 5 1 active sync /dev/sda5 So here is the question: How do I tell my raid to turn the spare disk into an active one? And why has it been added as a spare device? Recreating or reassembling the array is not an option, because it is my root partition. And I can not find any hints to that subject in the Software Raid HOWTO. Any help would be appreciated. Current Solution I found a solution to my problem, but I am not sure that this is the actual way to do it. Having a closer look at my raid I found that sdb5 was always listed as a spare device: mdadm --examine /dev/sdb5 [...] Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 21 2 spare /dev/sdb5 0 0 0 0 0 removed 1 1 8 5 1 active sync /dev/sda5 2 2 8 21 2 spare /dev/sdb5 so readding the device sdb5 to the array md3 always ended up in adding the device as a spare. Finally I just recreated the array mdadm --create /dev/md3 --level=1 -n2 -x0 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdb5 which worked. But the question remains open for me: Is there a better way to manipulate the summaries in the superblock and to tell the array to turn sdb5 from a spare disk to an active disk? I am still curious for an answer.

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  • OpenVPN multiple servers on the same subnet, high availability

    - by andre
    Hey everyone. Let me start by saying that my Linux experience isn't super awesome but I can usually find my way around things easily. Over at work we have an OpenVPN setup that's been due for some improvement for a while now. The main server (tap mode) runs in our office, behind a rather slow DSL connection. The main problem is that, since I'm usually out of the office, every time I want to access something on the virtual network I have to go through that server to get anywhere else. We have two servers up on 100 Mbit connections that we use for development and production purposes, about 3 more servers in the office (one of them behind a different T1 line for VOIP) and about two dozen clients who use the network on a daily basis from various locations. We've had situations where network routing (outside of our control) would not allow people to reach our main OpenVPN server whilst the other locations were connectable. Also any time someone outside the office wants to fetch something from any of the servers (say, a 500 MB code repository), a whopping 20 KB/s download speed is just unacceptable these days (did I mention slow DSL? ok). We had to implement traffic shaping on this server since maxing out this connection was fairly trivial. I had the thought of running two (or more) OpenVPN servers in the network. These would have to have the same subnet though, as our application relies on virtual network's IP addresses for some of its core functionality. The clients would also preferably retain the same IP addresses but that's not vital. For simplicity, lets call the current server office and the second server I'm setting up, cloud. Call the server on the T1 phone. This proved to be rather complex because as soon as I connect to cloud, I cannot see office. Any routes to a server that would go through office also do not work while I'm connected to cloud (no ping, nothing) and vice-versa. There's no rules for iptables that would be blocking the traffic either. Recently I came across this article on linuxjournal but the solution they provide seems to only cover the use of two servers and somewhat outdated (can't even find much documentation, their wiki is offline). They also state that adding more servers would be a complex task. Ideally I would like to keep the existing server office running the virtual network and also run the OpenVPN daemon on the cloud and phone servers (100 Mbit and very reliable connection, respectively) so that we're on safe ground in case of a hardware failure, DSL failure, etc. So, in essence, I'm looking for a highly available OpenVPN solution (fix, patch, hack, tweak, whatever you want to call it) that will accept connections on multiple hosts (2 or more) whilst keeping the same IP address subnet regardless of the server to which you connect to. Thanks for reading and sorry for the long post, I hope it gets the point across :P

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  • What issues ensue from having multiple versions of Office installed?

    - by Michael Sorens
    My ultimate question is embodied in the title but I thought it might be helpful to others if I detail what instigated my inquiry and my examination of the problem. To me, the first rule of software updates is Primum non nocere -- first, do no harm. So with my Windows 7 system containing both Office 2003 and Office 2010 I blithely proceeded to install this month's updates from Microsoft, containing updates for both versions of Office. While Microsoft officially does not recommend running multiple versions (see, for example, Running Multiple Versions of Microsoft Excel it is possible; I have had two versions installed for a year or more and have never run into an issue before. One thing that is always mentioned is installation order, i.e., the one you want to open files by default should be installed last. I wanted 2010 as my default so I had indeed installed 2003 first then, years later, 2010. So with this round of Windows updates, either it installed patches to 2010 before 2003, knocking out the file association, or the 2003 patch was more comprehensive, in the sense of touching the file association while the 2010 did not. In any case, after updates, double-clicking a .xls file opened 2003 rather than 2010. Web search indicated either: Use the file associations control panel to re-associate .xls files with the correct version of excel. I looked at this first, but it showed what seemed to be an unversioned "Excel" associated with .xls files so I did not check further. (This turned out to be an error on my part; more later.) Re-install versions in the desired order; I find this unreasonable. Run the repair option of the Office installer on the desired version; still seems more work than one should need. Run excel from the command line with "/regserver" on the one to be the default and "/unregserver" on the other. Good idea, but further search indicated that neither 2007 nor 2010 support "/regserver" contrary to some posts (e.g. Default Program With Multiple Versions Installed). Since this was a Windows Update issue and Microsoft provides free support for such, I inquired there as well, but succeeded only in getting the suggestion to uninstall all other versions, period; not acceptable to me. What worked for me was going back to the file associations control panel and manually selected the Office 2010 version of Excel. While it appeared no different in the control panel, it did fix the double-click issue. So if all it takes is this simple fix after an update, I can live with that. What I am wondering is: Has anyone seen any other problems related to having multiple versions of Office installed?

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  • File copying software to do this kind of work... in Windows 7 32 bit

    - by Senthil
    I need a software (Windows 7 32bit) to help me in this process: I have my documents, music, video clips, movies, pictures in my hard disk. These will not be scattered around the system. But will be inside C:\Senthil\ At the end of every week, I want to plug in an external hard disk and run a software that should make sure whatever is inside C:\Senthil\ is also present in the external disk. Files deleted from C:\Senthil\ should be deleted there, and new files should be copied etc... at the end of the process, every bit inside the source folder in my internal disk should be inside my external disk. A couple of important requirements and points: I do NOT need multiple versions or historic versions. I don't need the previous versions of my files. I only want the latest copy to be present in my "backup". Incremental backup makes sense. If files were not touched since the last backup, it need not copy. The size of my folder will run into GBs and in a year or two will go into TBs. But I will make sure the size of the external HDD is equal to or bigger than my source folder. I do not want it to run automatically because when I accidentally delete a file in my source, it will delete the one in the backup (I know this is why we have versioning facilities). I just want to be able to run it manually so that I am in control of when the backup is made and what is backed up and I should be able to pick something from the backup and restore it to the source folder in the above situation. Is there any software that will let me do exactly this? I don't want any other "smart" facility of the software to interfere with this process. I know what I want and the software can keep its smartness to itself :D The main reason I am asking this question is, I am a software developer and I can write this software myself. But I am a little constrained by time at the moment and I want to know if there is an existing program that can do this. Kindly don't worry about earthquakes or fire or snowstorms and bring up the "in case of a natural disaster your backup will also be in the damage zone and will be lost" argument because: I will have bigger things to worry about than my holiday memories. I don't think I will digitally store any life-ruining documents. This backup is only to avoid the inconvenience of obtaining a new copy of stuff that I have. Not to protect them against the end of the world. I am more worried about power surges in my area frying my system, hard disk failure, children who merrily hit Delete or teens who hit Shift + Delete or myself getting a little careless at times! In short: Is there a file/folder syncing software that listens to what I say and doesn't try to act smart? Please forgive me if I sound arrogant :)

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  • What the best way to achieve RPO of zero and lowest possible RTO (less than 15 minutes) with SQL 2008 R2?

    - by Adrian Hope-Bailie
    We are running a payments (EFT transaction processing) application which is processing high volumes of transactions 24/7 and are currently investigating a better way of doing DB replication to our disaster recovery site. Our current and previous strategies have included using both DoubleTake and Redgate to replicate data to a warm stand-by. DoubleTake is the supported solution from the payments software vendor however their (DoubleTake's) support in South Africa is very poor. We had a few issues and simply couldn't ever resolve them so we had to give up on DoubleTake. We have been using Redgate to manually read the data from the primary site (via queries) and write to the DR site but this is: A bad solution Getting the software vendor hot and bothered whenever we have support issues as it has a tendency to interfere with the payment application which is very DB intensive. We recently upgraded the whole system to run on SQL 2008 R2 Enterprise which means we should probably be looking at using some of the built-in replication features. The server has 2 fairly large databases with a mixture of tables containing highly volatile transactional data and pretty static configuration data. Replication would be done over a WAN link to a separate physical site and needs to achieve the following objectives. RPO: Zero loss - This is transactional data with financial impact so we can't lose anything. RTO: Tending to zero - The business depends on our ability to process transactions every minute we are down we are losing money I have looked at a few of the other questions/answers but none meet our case exactly: SQL Server 2008 failover strategy - Log shipping or replication? How to achieve the following RTO & RPO with logshipping only using SQL Server? What is the best of two approaches to achieve DB Replication? My current thinking is that we should use mirroring but I am concerned that for RPO:0 we will need to do delayed commits and this could impact the performance of the primary DB which is not an option. Our current DR process is to: Stop incoming traffic to the primary site and allow all in-flight transaction to complete. Allow the replication to DR to complete. Change network routing to route to DR site. Start all applications and services on the secondary site (Ideally we can change this to a warmer stand-by whereby the applications are already running but not processing any transactions). In other words the DR database needs to, as quickly as possible, catch up with primary and be ready for processing as the new primary. We would then need to be able to reverse this when we are ready to switch back. Is there a better option than mirroring (should we be doing log-shipping too) and can anyone suggest other considerations that we should keep in mind?

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  • Moving default web site to another drive

    - by Chadworthington
    I set the default location from c:\inetpub\wwwroot to d:\inetpub\wwwroot but when I access my .NET 4.0 site get this error: Description: An error occurred during the processing of a configuration file required to service this request. Please review the specific error details below and modify your configuration file appropriately. Parser Error Message: Unrecognized attribute 'targetFramework'. Note that attribute names are case-sensitive. Source Error: Line 105: Set explicit="true" to force declaration of all variables. Line 106: --> Line 107: <compilation debug="true" strict="true" explicit="true" targetFramework="4.0"> Line 108: <assemblies> Line 109: <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions.Design, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> When I try to Manage the Basic Settings on the Site and click the "Test Settings" button, I see that I have a problem under "authorization:" The server is configured to use pass-through authentication with a built-in account to access the specified physical path. However, IIS Manager cannot verify whether the built-in account has access. Make sure that the application pool identity has Read access to the physical path. If this server is joined to a domain, and the application pool identity is NetworkService or LocalSystem, verify that <domain>\<computer_name>$ has Read access to the physical path. Then test these settings again. 1) Do I need to grant rights to IIS to the new folder? Which user? I thought it was something like IIS_USER or something similar but I cannot determine the correct name of the user. 2) Also, do I need to set the default version of the framework somewhere at the Default Site level or at the Virtual folder level? How is this done in IIS6, I am used to IIS5 or whatever came with XP Pro. 3) My original site had a subfolder under wwwroot called "aspnet_client." How was this cleated? I manually copied it to the corresponding new location. My app was using seperate ASP specific databases for storing session state and role info, if that is relevant. Thanks

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  • Problem with several USB devices on Windows XP. How to diagnose USB device?

    - by Lukasz Baran
    Hello All, Recently I've bought some electronic devices (like e.g. Sony Ebook reader PRS-600 or HP PDA IPaq) which are connected to PC using USB ports. These devices have own batteries and they are recharged using USB. However, I am experiencing a problem with Ebook Reader and the similiar thing happens with my PDA (but in this case it's more rare). Sometimes, I am unable to make it start recharging, when it's connected to USB port. The LCD diode on my Reader lights up and the icon in the system tray appears. They both indicate that the device has been connected. However, the device should start recharching and it should appear on Windows XP as a 'explorable' device (just like pendrive it offers some HDDs). None of these happens:( This problem appears on two PCs - desktop and laptop. Both have Windows XP SP3 installed. And what's interesting and surprising to me is the fact that these devices sometimes work without any problems. I mean, I just plug them in and they work properly. Besides that, there are some computers (I have tested a variety of possible conditions) on which the problem does not appear! I am confused and, on the other hand, determined to find out what is the real cause of such strange behavior. Maybe I'm wrong but I always assumed that I'm using deterministic machines, but the described situation makes me feel like I was dreaming:) And that's why I'm asking you here. Are there any tools that could help me diagnose USB ports? Or maybe anyone knows the solution? I have a lot experience with low level programming (mostly from the times of MS-DOS applications), but I'm not an expert when it comes to WinXP technology. If this was a problem with network connection, I would know what to do - I know how to track network traffic, but with USB ports I feel powerless. I have a feeling that the problem may lie in a way WinXP handles USB devices. Personally, I hate auto-discovery and P'n'P features available in Windows. I know that some of may suggest to move to Linux or other *Nix system. Unfortunately, I have to use WinXP in my professional life, so it's rather impossible. Besides that, I don't consider XP as a total disaster. Any help from you will be appreciated!

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  • How does formatting works with a PowerShell function that returns a set of elements?

    - by Steve B
    If I write this small function : function Foo { Get-Process | % { $_ } } And if I run Foo It displays only a small subset of properties: PS C:\Users\Administrator> foo Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) VM(M) CPU(s) Id ProcessName ------- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -- ----------- 86 10 1680 412 31 0,02 5916 alg 136 10 2772 2356 78 0,06 3684 atieclxx 123 7 1780 1040 33 0,03 668 atiesrxx ... ... But even if only 8 columns are shown, there are plenty of other properties (as foo | gm is showing). What is causing this function to show only this 8 properties? I'm actually trying to build a similar function that is returning complex objects from a 3rd party .Net library. The library is flatting a 2 level hierarchy of objects : function Actual { $someDotnetObject.ACollectionProperty.ASecondLevelCollection | % { $_ } } This method is dumping the objects in a list form (one line per property). How can I control what is displayed, keeping the actual object available? I have tried this : function Actual { $someDotnetObject.ACollectionProperty.ASecondLevelCollection | % { $_ } | format-table Property1, Property2 } It shows in a console the expected table : Property1 Property2 --------- --------- ValA ValD ValB ValE ValC ValF But I lost my objects. Running Get-Member on the result shows : TypeName: Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.FormatStartData Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() ToString Method string ToString() autosizeInfo Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.AutosizeInfo autosizeInfo {get;set;} ClassId2e4f51ef21dd47e99d3c952918aff9cd Property System.String ClassId2e4f51ef21dd47e99d3c952918aff9cd {get;} groupingEntry Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.GroupingEntry groupingEntry {get;set;} pageFooterEntry Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.PageFooterEntry pageFooterEntry {get;set;} pageHeaderEntry Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.PageHeaderEntry pageHeaderEntry {get;set;} shapeInfo Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.ShapeInfo shapeInfo {get;set;} TypeName: Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.GroupStartData Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() ToString Method string ToString() ClassId2e4f51ef21dd47e99d3c952918aff9cd Property System.String ClassId2e4f51ef21dd47e99d3c952918aff9cd {get;} groupingEntry Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.GroupingEntry groupingEntry {get;set;} shapeInfo Property Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.ShapeInfo shapeInfo {get;set;} Instead of showing the 2nd level child object members. In this case, I can't pipe the result to functions waiting for this type of argument. How does Powershell is supposed to handle such scenario?

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  • Rebasing a branch which is public

    - by Dror
    I'm failing to understand how to use git-rebase, and I consider the following example. Let's start a repository in ~/tmp/repo: $ git init Then add a file foo $ echo "hello world" > foo which is then added and committed: $ git add foo $ git commit -m "Added foo" Next, I started a remote repository. In ~/tmp/bare.git I ran $ git init --bare In order to link repo to bare.git I ran $ git remote add origin ../bare.git/ $ git push --set-upstream origin master Next, lets branch, add a file and set an upstream for the new branch b1: $ git checkout -b b1 $ echo "bar" > foo2 $ git add foo2 $ git commit -m "add foo2 in b1" $ git push --set-upstream origin b1 Now it is time to switch back to master and change something there: $ echo "change foo" > foo $ git commit -a -m "changed foo in master" $ git push At this point in master the file foo contain changed foo, while in b1 it is still hello world. Finally, I want to sync b1 with the progress made in master. $ git checkout b1 $ git fetch origin $ git rebase origin/master At this point git st returns: # On branch b1 # Your branch and 'origin/b1' have diverged, # and have 2 and 1 different commit each, respectively. # (use "git pull" to merge the remote branch into yours) # nothing to commit, working directory clean At this point the content of foo in the branch b1 is change foo as well. So what does this warning mean? I expected I should do a git push, git suggests to do git pull... According to this answer, this is more or less it, and in his comment @FrerichRaabe explicitly say that I don't need to do a pull. What's going on here? What is the danger, how should one proceed? How should the history be kept consistent? What is the interplay between the case described above and the following citation: Do not rebase commits that you have pushed to a public repository. taken from pro git book. I guess it is somehow related, and if not I would love to know why. What's the relation between the above scenario and the procedure I described in this post.

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  • GPU not powering on

    - by Lerp
    So I got home from work yesterday and went to turn my computer on as per usual to be greeted by this: The screens remained black, so I rebooted; I go as far as GRUB before my screens went black again. I rebooted again, they didn't turn on. I rebooted again, I got as far as the windows login screen. This time I unplugged it, opened it up and cleaned it but to no luck. The GPU was still being tempermental. I repeated the process of turning off and on several times until one time it work as normal. I happily played games for the rest of the night (5-6 hours?) thinking everything was jolly good now. Well I get home from work today and it is doing the SAME thing. Sometimes everything displays normally for a few seconds to minutes then the screens go black; then sometimes the screens don't come on at all. Summary and additional points Screens sometimes turn on before shortly turning off, sometimes they don't; I cannot seem to determine any pattern between when they do or do not turn off. The build has been working fine for about 8 months now so I know it's not hardware incompatibility. If I plug a monitor into the on board graphics I can use the PC normally (just in low graphics mode) I have two monitors and it's a case of they both turn on or not. So I think I can rule out the monitors being dead. I have tried replacing the GPU I have tried replacing the RAM I have tried flashing the CMOS I have tried cleaning the inside The GPU is a Radeon HD 7870 My questions Is my GPU dead? It's not very old and I would rather have a method of being certain it's the GPU before I fork out some money I can't really afford. I do not have a second PC here to test it in. If my GPU is dead why does it sometimes work and sometimes not? Update Okay, it was working again.. at least I thought it was. I left it running for 10-20minutes with the screens black. Turned it off and straight back on and it worked for all of 10minutes. I was then updating the post in joy thinking I could play some games for the rest of the night when BAM it went black again. So yeah, I don't know :C

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  • How to encrypt dual boot windows 7 and xp (bitlocker, truecrypt combo?) on sdd (recommended?)

    - by therobyouknow
    I would like to setup a dual boot Windows 7 and Windows XP laptop/notebook computer where each operation system's partition is fully encrypted. I would like to do this on a SSD - a 128Gb Crucial M4. My research Dual boot of truecrypt encrypted OSs on one drive (not possible - in Truecript 7.x at time of writing) This cannot be done on a standard Truecrypt setup - it will only support encrypting one of the operating systems. I have tried this and also read about it here on superuser.com However, I did see a solution here that uses grub4dos as the initial bootloader to chain to separate truecrypt encrypted OSs, in my case Windows 7 and Windows XP: http://yyzyyz.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/truecrypt-how-to-encrypt-multiple.html I am not going to consider this solution as it relies upon some custom code for use in the bootloader that is provided by the author. I would prefer a solution that can be fully understood so that I can be sure that there is nothing undesirable occuring (i.e. malware or just simply bugs in the code). I would like to believe such a solution doesn't have those risks but I can't be sure. BitLocker and Truecrypt combination - possible solution? So I am now considering a combination of encryption programs: I now aim to encrypt Windows XP with Truecrypt and Windows 7 with BitLocker. Assuming Truecrypt bootloader can boot into non-Truecrypt OSs (e.g. via hitting Escape to go to another menu), then this solution may be viable. SSDs and Encryption (use fastest possible spinning hard disk instead (?)) I read on various superuser.com posts and elsewhere that current SSDs are not suited to whole drive encryption for various reasons: impact of performance algorithms that give SSDs advantage over spinning harddisks. Algorithms used in compression of data for example. Wear on the SSD, shortening its life Security issues whereby data is repeated, as indicated in some Truecrypt documentation So I am now considering not using SSD. But with the aim to have the fastest drive possible, I am considering using the Western Digital Scorpion black 2.5" 7200rpm harddisk as this appears to be top rated among spinning platter-based harddrives (don't work for Western Digital). Summary So to achieve whole drive encrypted dual boot Windows 7 and Windows XP with minimal performance impact I intend to use a combination of Truecrypt and Bitlocker on a top-rated conventional spinning platter-based harddisk. Questions Will my summary: achieve whole disk encryption of the dual-boot Windows XP, Windows 7? OR an you suggest a simpler solution, including one that only requires only Truecrypt (BitLocker not available on XP). Or another encryption tool, including paid-for? provide the highest performance. Am I correct to avoid using SDD with encryption for the reasons I discovered? Are the concerns about SSDs and encryption still very real (some articles I read go back to 2010) Thanks for your input!

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  • Can't validate mine, sudo nor root in Debian "Jessie" Gnome anymore?

    - by Janar
    I'm Debian beginner & GUI guy in a bit of trouble? Can't login as sudo/gksu/root/su nor as (main/super)user after removed user password via Gnome-user-settings. History of actions (Probably irrelevant though) Installed Debian "Jessie" GNU/Linux with xFce GUI (en-US) as only OS. HardWare is ThinkPad w510. Skipped root user password in setup, to get sudo for superuser easily. Logged in (as always had) with Gnome (3.4.x), not once with xFCE. (installed Xfce. Installed xFce only to achieve more control (easier management) over packages this way, to set-up gnome much more by mine likes. Added more jessie repros (same ones as in Wheesy stable by default but for Jessie as, Jessie only had repros for security updates by default). Installed lots of gtk(3) & gnome(3) based soft; (- restarted again after this) Installed propietary graphics card driver for mine nvidia quadro. (- restarted once again after that one) Installed more stuff related to mine work/school/devel. The actual problem Had a plan to restart again, but wanted to set up auto-login first, instead set user password to none (don't ask why / perhaps caused by being awake for a looooong time), noticed it, and set also to auto-login, but couldn't undo mine previous mistake to create new password for me. As mine password is set to none I would have expected that simply return in pass prompt for emty password field would do, but it won't authenticate. I tried Alt+F2 "gksu gedit" as well as: sudo wget "https://www.some-page.eu/file.ext" and "su" in terminals, none has applied (quite logical actually - as I'm sudoer and highest ranked super user, besides only user in computer). Current stand Everything worked & still works nice after this accident, besides this password prompts part. To spoked to log-out nor restart. Synaptic package-manager is still open with root rights (only one, that has left open prior to the issue and not closed since, just in case). Goggled for help and read some manuals/faqs/how-tos - mostly lead to sudoers file management, but not found one specifically for mine issue - so still not any smarter. Really hope, that I don't have to redo OS inst all over again, by just one stupid mistake. Thanks for your reply :-)

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  • SQL Server database filled the hard drive and freeing up space isn't possible

    - by Jon
    I have a database in SQL Server 2008 on a 1Tb hard drive and it filled the drive, there is only 4Kb free. The MDF file is 323Gb and the LDF is 653Gb. The hard disk this DB is on has no other files on it other than the MDF and LDF so it's impossible to free up any space on the drive. The main hard disk is smaller but there is enough room to transfer the MDF to that drive, in case that helps. This server is overseas at a customer site and it's not possible at the moment to add more disk space to the server. It's also not possible to delete any records because the DB is in a failed mode (due to no disk space) and it doesn't respond to most commands. The Db is currently in full recovery mode which is why the LDF file is so large. This DB really doesn't need to be in full recovery so going forward we plan on switching it to simple mode which will save us a lot of space. I also don't care about losing the LDF file, but I need all of the data. I've spent a lot of time looking for a way out of this problem but everything I've found first involves either freeing up disk space or adding more disk space, neither of which is an option at this time. I'm stuck and any help would be greatly appreciated. I get the following log when trying to switch the DB to online mode. Msg 945, Level 14, State 2, Line 3 Database 'DBNAME' cannot be opened due to inaccessible files or insufficient memory or disk space. See the SQL Server errorlog for details. Msg 5069, Level 16, State 1, Line 3 ALTER DATABASE statement failed. Msg 1101, Level 17, State 12, Line 3 Could not allocate a new page for database 'DBNAME' because of insufficient disk space in filegroup 'DEFAULT'. Create the necessary space by dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. I've found the following solutions but none work due to having no disk space on that drive, and since the DB is in a failed state I can't run most commmands. - DBCC SHRINKFILE - can't be run because doing a 'use DBNAME' fails - Detaching the DB and then changing the location of the MDF/LDF files, this fails because the DB is in an offline mode so you can't run detach. I'm at a loss about what else to try. Thanks.

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  • mixing different technologies using ARR reverse proxy

    - by Jaepetto
    I'm currently trying to put together a proof of concept on mixing various technologies onto one web site in order to ease migrations and add flexibility. The idea is to create one 'mashup' site behind an IIS 7.5 ARR reverse proxy. For the time being the ARR reverse proxy forwards all request to our main site. The request are as follow: client -> ARR: Get / ARR -> Server 1: Get / Server 1 -> ARR: 200: /index.htm ARR -> client: 200: /index.htm ...so far so good. Let's say, I want to add a new site (root of another server) as a subsite of my main website. a simple inbound rule does the trick: <rule name="sub1" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="^mySubsite(.*)" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false" /> <action type="Rewrite" url="http://server2/{R:1}" /> </rule> The requests now are: client -> ARR: Get /mySubsite ARR -> Server 2: Get / Server 2 -> ARR: 200: /index.htm ARR -> client: 200: /index.htm ... still ok. The issue comes when the site on server2 sends a redirection (e.g. to a login page). In the case of SharePoint, it will redirect the user to: /_layouts/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2F ...which does not exists: client -> ARR: Get /mySubsite ARR -> Server 2: Get / Server 2 -> ARR: 301: /_layouts/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2F ARR -> client: 301: /_layouts/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2F client -> ARR: Get /_layouts/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2F ARR -> client: 404: Not Found Does anyone know a way write the outbound rule to rewrite the response from server 2 "301: /_layouts/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2F" to "301: /mySubsite/_layouts/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2FmySubsite%2F"?

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  • Init script & the green [ OK ]

    - by Lord Loh.
    I am trying to install fast-cgi for nginx on an EC2 instance. I followed the steps explained here, but that is meant for Debian and does not work out of the box for a red-hat based system. I modified the script a bit to look like - #!/bin/bash ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: php-fcgi # Required-Start: $nginx # Required-Stop: $nginx # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: starts php over fcgi # Description: starts php over fcgi ### END INIT INFO . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions (( EUID )) && echo .You need to have root priviliges.. && exit 1 BIND=/tmp/php.socket USER=nginx PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=15 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 PHP_CGI=/usr/bin/php-cgi PHP_CGI_NAME=`basename $PHP_CGI` PHP_CGI_ARGS="- USER=$USER PATH=/usr/bin PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=$PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=$PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS $PHP_CGI -b $BIND" RETVAL=0 start() { echo -n "Starting PHP FastCGI: " #ORIGINAL LINE #daemon $PHP_CGI --quiet --start --background --chuid "$USER" --exec /usr/bin/env -- $PHP_CGI_ARGS #MODIFIED LINE daemon --user=$USER $PHP_CGI -b $BIND& RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/php-fcgi #echo "$PHP_CGI_NAME." } stop() { echo -n "Stopping PHP FastCGI: " killall -q -w -u $USER $PHP_CGI RETVAL=$? echo "$PHP_CGI_NAME." rm /var/lock/subsys/php-fcgi } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; *) echo "Usage: php-fastcgi {start|stop|restart}" exit 1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL The problem I have now is - service php-fcgi start keeps the shell blocked. If I run service php-fcgi start & and then ps aux, I see the php-cgi process running bound to the socket. I see the start command stop only when I execute service php-fcgi stop. How do I solve this blocking issue? I have tried adding an & at the end of the line spawning the daemon. But other scripts do not seem to be doing this. This is the most complicated script I am attempting to modify yet :-( How do I get the script to display the green [ OK ]? I checked scripts like httpd and saw that all they were doing was something as shown below. But I never see a green [ OK ] when I execute php-fcgi. I also discovered that putting echo_success with functions sourced displays the green [ OK ] but I do not see any other scripts in the /etc/rc.d/init.d/ executing echo_success or echo_failure. What have I got wrong? Also, How do i specify PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN with daemon? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/

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  • Issues with configuration of Apache and mod_auth_sspi

    - by TekiusFanatikus
    I've been able to get this working using XAMP with Apache 2.0.55 and XAMP Apache 2.2.14 without any problems. However, when I attempt to configure our intranet server (Apache 2.0.59), I don't get the same results. The results are that the following variables contain the information desired: $_SERVER["REMOTE_USER"] AND $_SERVER["PHP_AUTH_USER"]. In this case, they are blank. I'm expecting "domain/user_name". Conf file stuff: <Directory "/xxx/xampp/htdocs/"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # #Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # #AllowOverride All AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # #Order allow,deny #Allow from all Order allow,deny Allow from all #NT Domain Login AuthName "Intranet" AuthType SSPI SSPIAuth On SSPIAuthoritative On SSPIDomain "xxxx" SSPIOfferBasic Off SSPIPerRequestAuth On SSPIOmitDomain Off # keep domain name in userid string SSPIUsernameCase lower Require valid-user </Directory> I would like to note that I've modified the paths to reflect the intranet environment. I'm using the following module: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi/ Once the module is installed and the conf file is modified, the intranet environment's server scope isn't populated with the expected variables. Edit #1 <Directory "/path_here"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # #Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # #AllowOverride All AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # #Order allow,deny #Allow from all Order allow,deny Allow from all #NT Domain Login AuthName "Intranet" AuthType SSPI SSPIAuth On SSPIAuthoritative On SSPIDomain "domain_here" SSPIOfferBasic On SSPIPerRequestAuth On SSPIOmitDomain Off # keep domain name in userid string SSPIUsernameCase lower Require valid-user </Directory>

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  • How to circumvent ISP Limiting "Unknown" traffic - (SSH)Proxy, VPN

    - by connery
    I am having issues with using a proxy/VPN, with my current ISP (Comenersol, Spain). From my point of view they limit traffic by protocol or by traffic they "know" and "dont know". I'll explain my findings so far below. Internet connection in Spain: ~400-420KByte/sec (speedtest.net) OpenVPN Server in Sweden(pfsense): 100/100Mbit. LZO Compression. TCP. Tun. Aes128 Squid Proxy server in Sweden (pfsense): 100/100 (same box as the vpn server). Plain, no encryption. Runs in stealth mode to hide the use of proxy. NOT running OpenVPN or Squid Proxy, this is my findings: When I download a file from my pfsense box in Sweden, I get maximum speed When I run speedtest.net and choose any european server (including Swedish), I get max speed When I download a torrent (with non default port above 10K), I get limited to ~100KByte/sec. Encryption is turned off If I download something through https, I get max speed Running either Squid Proxy or VPN, this is my findings When I download a file from my pfsense box in Sweden, I get ~100KByte/sec When I run speedtest.net and choose any european server (including Swedish and Spanish), I get ~100Kbyte/sec When I download a torrent, I get same limitation ~100KByte/sec When I download something through https, I get ~100KByte/sec I verify the speeds above with speedtest.net measure, firefox measure in addition to having bmon running in terminal in the background. This way I am certain that the speeds I get presented, are in fact correct. If I connect through a different ISP with VPN or Squid Proxy, I get better speeds (400KByte/sec ++) In short: Whenever I tunnel my traffic through Sweden, my SPanish ISP throttles the traffic. I thought tunneling it through Squid would solve the issue, since I then would no longer hide my traffic through encryption. This does not seem to be the case. Wget and fetch gives same result. I did not try 'nc', but I assume this would give the same result. Does anyone know how to circumvent this issue? I would very much like to be able to get full speed with Swedish ip, as this would make me able to stream TV at higher quality than today. 100KByte/sec just does not cut it quality wise. Thanks for reading. Looking forward for your help.

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  • Partition/install issues

    - by jalal ahmad
    I am new to Ubuntu and tried to install 10.1 as dual boot option from a USB. At first I encountered the error when in partition dialogue of installation process that cannot find root directory. I did a search on Ubuntu forums and did this as in one of the posts. Make sure that the partition file system you wish to install Linux, Ubuntu or Backtrack on it is ext4, ext3 or ext2, and not FAT32 or NTFS. Then mount / on it: During the installation process press "change" on the partition you wish to use Make sure "do not use this partition" scroll is not chosen, scroll to ext4, ext3 or ext2 On the "mount" field write / Click ok, then next a message will appear saying something like "swap area was not defined, do you wish to continue or choose a swap area?", click "ok" and continue or click "go back" and choose another partition and click change, on the file system scroll choose "swap" and click "ok" and next All good but when I rebooted I could not find Windows vista as in dual boot option. Plus I could not see wireless networks and in the process of trying to find out what went wrong the soft switch somehow turned off and as I cannot boot in Windows I have no idea what to do. Again searching internet I found a post which said the dual boot problem can be overcome by installing gparted but when I tried I got the message Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information.. Done E: Couldn't find package gparted I thought I am going to copy my stuff from my hard disk and try to install Windows but I found out that I have two partitions which are different from what I had before installing Ubuntu. I now have filesystem partition1 119 GB ext4, swap partition 5 1.1 GB swap and extended partition 2 1.1 GB. And I cannot mount 119 GB where all my personal videos, photos are if still there. Now I cannot boot from Windows even. Need help on what to do? Best case scenario would be to be able to copy my stuff before I mess up the system further. Else a dual boot system and if not then how do I install vista again. I have Windows CD. Cheers guys and thanks in advance.

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  • Spotlight Infinite Indexing issue (external data drive)

    - by Manca Weeks
    This is an external drive, formerly a boot drive which is now in use only to access music files (sibelius, audio, midi, live, logic etc.) without transferring the data into a new boot system, partly because of the issue I am about to describe, but mostly because the majority of the data is mainly there for archival purposes. The user is a composer and prominent musician and needs to be able to rehash the data at will. I have tried several things - here is a list: - make complete filesystem clone with antonio diaz's ddrescue - run Disk Warrior on copy, repair whatever errors occurred - wipe out all ACLs on entire drive - set all permissions to the same value - wide open 777 - remove any system data (applications, system files, including hidden files to the best of my knowledge) by selecting only non-system/app data and using Carbon Copy Cloner to put only the data of interest onto a newly formatted drive - transfer data to newly formatted drive folder by folder, resetting the spotlight index in between adding each to observe for issues (interesting here is that no issues occurred except for in Documents folder - when I transferred only the Documents folder to a newly formatted drive on its own - no trouble. It appears almost as thought it may not be the content but the quantity or specific combination of data that results in problems) - use DataRescue to transfer the data to yet another newly formatted drive to expose any missed hidden files Between each of the above steps I stopped Spotlight (search for anything beginning with md in Activity Monitor - All Processes and quitting it), deleted the .Spotlight-V100 directory from the affected drive. Restart Splotlight indexing by adding drive to Spotlight privacy list and removing it. In each case the same issue occurs - Spotlight begins indexing normally (or so it seems), then the index estimated time increases, usually to 4 hours remaining. This is where it gets stuck and continues to predict 4 hours remaining but never finishes. Sometimes I can't eject the drive and have to quit the md.. processes from Activity Monitor to be able to eject the drive without Force Eject. Once I disconnect the drive after the 4 hours remaining situation - if I reattach it, Spotlight forever estimates remaining time and never gets going again. So there it is. It is apparently not a filesystem issue, not a permissions issue and not tied to any particular piece of hardware or protocol (used USB and FW drives). I have tried this on several machines (3 to be precise) and in 10.5.8 and 10.6.5. Simply disabling Spotlight on this volume is not an option because the owner has no clue where things are as the data on the volume dates back to music projects and compositions from 2003 and before. He needs to be able to query for results. Anyone got any ideas? Thanks, M

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  • Windows Server 2008 R2 Firewall - Interface specific rules

    - by Mehmet Ergut
    I'm trying to define per interface rules, much like it was in Server 2003. We will be replacing our old 2003 server with a new 2008 R2 server. The server runs IIS and SQL Server. It's a dedicated server at the hosting company. We use a OpenVPN connection from the office to access SQL server, RDesktop, FTP and other administrative services. Only http and ssh is listening on the public interface. On the old server running 2003, I was able to define global rules for http and ssh, and allow other services only on the vpn interface. I can't find a way to do the same on 2008 R2. I understand that there is the Network Location Awareness service, firewall rules are applied according to the current network location. But I don't understand the purpose of this on a server. The only close solution I found is to set the scope on the firewall rule and restrict remote ip addresses to the private subnet of the office. But the ports will still be listening on the public interface. So how can I restrict a firewall rule to the connections coming from the vpn interface ? A note on this page states that scoping a rule to an interface does not exist anymore: In earlier versions of Windows, many of these command accepted a parameter called interface. This parameter is not supported in the firewall context in Windows Vista or later versions of Windows. I can't believe that they simply decided to remove a core firewall functionality that every firewall has. There must be a way to restrict a rule to an interface. Any ideas ? I'm still unable to find an adequate solution to my problem. So for now, my workaround is this: Administrative services listen on VPN IP address Firewall rules restrict the scope to the local IP address of VPN Public services listen on all interfaces, no scope restriction on firewall rules This is not optimal, if I change the IP address of the VPN, I need to edit the firewall rules too. It won't be the case if the rules were bound to the interface.

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  • route http and ssh traffic normally, everything else via vpn tunnel

    - by Normadize
    I've read quite a bit and am close, I feel, and I'm pulling my hair out ... please help! I have an OpenVPN cliend whose server sets local routes and also changes the default gw (I know I can prevent that with --route-nopull). I'd like to have all outgoing http and ssh traffic via the local gw, and everything else via the vpn. Local IP is 192.168.1.6/24, gw 192.168.1.1. OpenVPN local IP is 10.102.1.6/32, gw 192.168.1.5 OpenVPN server is at {OPENVPN_SERVER_IP} Here's the route table after openvpn connection: # ip route show table main 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static 10.102.1.1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.102.1.6 {OPENVPN_SERVER_IP} via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.102.1.5 dev tun0 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.6 metric 1 This makes all packets go via to the VPN tunnel except those destined for 192.168.1.0/24. Doing wget -qO- http://echoip.org shows the vpn server's address, as expected, the packets have 10.102.1.6 as source address (the vpn local ip), and are routed via tun0 ... as reported by tcpdump -i tun0 (tcpdump -i eth0 sees none of this traffic). What I tried was: create a 2nd routing table holding the 192.168.1.6/24 routing info (copied from the main table above) add an iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING rule to mark packets destined for port 80 add an ip rule to match on the mangled packet and point it to the 2nd routing table add an ip rule for to 192.168.1.6 and from 192.168.1.6 to point to the 2nd routing table (though this is superfluous) changed the ipv4 filter validation to none in net.ipv4.conf.tun0.rp_filter=0 and net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter=0 I also tried an iptables mangle output rule, iptables nat prerouting rule. It still fails and I'm not sure what I'm missing: iptables mangle prerouting: packet still goes via vpn iptables mangle output: packet times out Is it not the case that to achieve what I want, then when doing wget http://echoip.org I should change the packet's source address to 192.168.1.6 before routing it off? But if I do that, the response from the http server would be routed back to 192.168.1.6 and wget would not see it as it is still bound to tun0 (the vpn interface)? Can a kind soul please help? What commands would you execute after the openvpn connects to achieve what I want? Looking forward to hair regrowth ...

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  • Recover strategy single bad sector in moricon

    - by Damon
    This week, my harddisk made me an early christmas present in the form of a single defect sector. To make up for the puny size of the present, it chose a sector inside moricons.dll for that. This means that now the system takes about 5 minutes to boot before Windows gives up and moves on, and there's 2 dozen scary "critical failure" entries in the system log after every boot, which is annoying. OK, admittedly, I shouldn't complain, it could be worse, the bad sector could be in ntldr... SMART info more or less indicates (for what SMART can indicate anyway) that the drive is mostly OK. Soft Read Error Rate has a score of 96, and Current Pending Sector Count has a raw value of 8, which translates to a score of 100. Acronis DriveMonitor makes this an issue (lowering the overall rating to 75%), HDD Health calls it "excellent", giving an overall rating of 95% (which is what this harddisk from day one). No single score is below 95 (power on hours and spin up count), and most are 100 anyway. Well, whatever, I've seen drives with perfect SMART values fail from one second to the other, and drives with moderate values work for years. So, I'm inclined not to put too much weight into that overall. TL;DR Now... to the problem: I don't feel like trashing the disk just yet (that's planned with a new OS install upgrading to Win7 early next year, independently of this issue), but in the mean time, I would still like to have a smoothly running system again. Therefore, I feel tempted to tamper with it, but before I render my system entirely unusable (since I've never done this before), I'd like to verify that my planned procedere is likely to suceed in having a working system again: Copy moricons.dl_ from the Windows install disk, rename it to moricons.zip, and unzip it. This gives an intact 5.1.2600.2180 version (the broken one is 5.1.2600.5512 - but I guess this makes not much of a difference, since it's an icon-only DLL, and an outdated copy should work better than one that can't be read) Run chkdsk /r /f` which will "repair" the file (i.e. delete the file without asking, tell the drive to remap the sector, and toss some unreadable junk into a file with a hexadecimal number) Hopefully Windows still boots after this (is that a reasonable expectation, or do I need to have something like BartPE ready? -- but then again, what's that good for in case chkdsk has nuked the entire file system...) Delete the junk file generated by chkdsk, copy the new DLL to %windir%\system32 Reboot. Pray. Maybe I just shouldn't touch anything, since it still kind of works... if annoying, but it works. Unsure... But, is there anything fundamentally wrong with the planned approach? Is this a sensible approach at all?

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