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  • !gcroot output leads nowhere

    - by Jeff Costa
    I am troubleshooting memory fragmentation in an app pool, as evidenced by a small number of Free objects consuming the most space on the heap: 0x000007ff00256728 6,543 3,890,208 System.Collections.Hashtable+bucket[] 0x000007ff002649a8 7,297 22,979,560 System.Byte[] 0x000007ff001e0d90 251,347 30,374,304 System.String 0x0000000001d0c830 373 48,036,816 Free Running the !dumpgen 3 command reveals the fragmentation; There is a repeating pattern of Free and System.Object objects of the same size: 000000017feb7350 24 **** FREE **** 000000017feb7368 8192 System.Object[] 000000017feb9368 24 **** FREE **** 000000017feb9380 8192 System.Object[] 000000017febb380 24 **** FREE **** 000000017febb398 8192 System.Object[] 000000017febd398 24 **** FREE **** 000000017febd3b0 8192 System.Object[] 000000017febf3b0 24 **** FREE **** 000000017febf3c8 8192 System.Object[] 000000017fec13c8 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fec13e0 8192 System.Object[] 000000017fec33e0 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fec33f8 8192 System.Object[] 000000017fec53f8 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fec5410 14024 System.Object[] 000000017fec8ad8 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fec8af0 8192 System.Object[] 000000017fecaaf0 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fecab08 8192 System.Object[] 000000017feccb08 24 **** FREE **** 000000017feccb20 8192 System.Object[] 000000017feceb20 24 **** FREE **** 000000017feceb38 8192 System.Object[] 000000017fed0b38 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fed0b50 8192 System.Object[] 000000017fed2b50 24 **** FREE **** 000000017fed2b68 8192 System.Object[] When I try to obtain the root of one of the System.Objects with !gcroot, I get a pinned handle, but no additional stack data: Scan Thread 41 OSThread 1044 DOMAIN(0000000001D51330):HANDLE(Pinned):15217e8:Root: 000000017fe60fe8(System.Object[]) As you can see, there is no additional data to go on. Running a !handle command also yields nothing: 0:041> !handle 000000017fe7a068 ff Handle 000000017fe7a068 Type <Error retrieving type> unable to query object information unable to query object information No object specific information available How can I trace out this memory leak when I cannot find what is rooting System.Object?

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  • Is this (Lock-Free) Queue Implementation Thread-Safe?

    - by Hosam Aly
    I am trying to create a lock-free queue implementation in Java, mainly for personal learning. The queue should be a general one, allowing any number of readers and/or writers concurrently. Would you please review it, and suggest any improvements/issues you find? Thank you. import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference; public class LockFreeQueue<T> { private static class Node<E> { E value; volatile Node<E> next; Node(E value) { this.value = value; } } private AtomicReference<Node<T>> head, tail; public LockFreeQueue() { // have both head and tail point to a dummy node Node<T> dummyNode = new Node<T>(null); head = new AtomicReference<Node<T>>(dummyNode); tail = new AtomicReference<Node<T>>(dummyNode); } /** * Puts an object at the end of the queue. */ public void putObject(T value) { Node<T> newNode = new Node<T>(value); Node<T> prevTailNode = tail.getAndSet(newNode); prevTailNode.next = newNode; } /** * Gets an object from the beginning of the queue. The object is removed * from the queue. If there are no objects in the queue, returns null. */ public T getObject() { Node<T> headNode, valueNode; // move head node to the next node using atomic semantics // as long as next node is not null do { headNode = head.get(); valueNode = headNode.next; // try until the whole loop executes pseudo-atomically // (i.e. unaffected by modifications done by other threads) } while (valueNode != null && !head.compareAndSet(headNode, valueNode)); T value = (valueNode != null ? valueNode.value : null); // release the value pointed to by head, keeping the head node dummy if (valueNode != null) valueNode.value = null; return value; }

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  • Can I use DllImport/PInvoke in libraries loaded as Assets in Unity Free?

    - by sebf
    I am interested in using utilising third-party libraries in Unity Free. I know Unity can use managed libraries as Assets, but only the Pro version supports using native libraries. (DllImport within scripts). This thread however suggests that it is possible to import DLLs in the free version. I would like to utilise native libraries (as a hobbyist I cannot afford Pro), but want to do it the supported way so I don't have to worry about Unity 'fixing' this hole if that is what it is. Is there any supported way to use native libraries with Unity free? (i.e. does that thread suggest a workaround or is it a 'bug'? Is it supported to use DllImport/PInvoke in libraries loaded as assets? (could I create a wrapper myself?)

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  • How could we rewrite the 'No Evil' license to make it 'free'?

    - by passcod
    I did not find the lawyers' SE site, so I thought it best to post here. /* * ...subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all * copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS"... */ This is the 'non-free', Crockford, No-Evil, MIT-style, license. This license is considered non-free because of this phrase: "The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil." How could we rewrite this to become a 'free' license, while retaining the original spirit of the sentence?

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  • Does Bing support anything like Google's First Click Free program?

    - by Dan Fabulich
    Google has a program for webmasters called First Click Free. To implement First Click Free, you need to allow all users who find a document on your site via Google search to see the full text of that document, even if they have not registered or subscribed to see that content. The user's first click to your content area is free. However, once that user clicks a link on the original page, you can require them to sign in or register to read further. The user must be able to see the full content of a multi-page article. You can allow this by displaying all content on a single page to both Googlebot and users. Alternatively, you can use cookies to make sure that a user can visit each page of a multi-page article before being asked for registration or payment. Does Bing support anything like this?

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  • Can i use aac in an commercial app for free?

    - by Jason123
    I was wondering if i can use the aac codec in my commercial app for free (through lgpl ffmpeg). It says on the wiki: No licenses or payments are required to be able to stream or distribute content in AAC format.[36] This reason alone makes AAC a much more attractive format to distribute content than MP3, particularly for streaming content (such as Internet radio). However, a patent license is required for all manufacturers or developers of AAC codecs. For this reason free and open source software implementations such as FFmpeg and FAAC may be distributed in source form only, in order to avoid patent infringement. (See below under Products that support AAC, Software.) But the xSplit program had to cancel the AAC for free members because they have to pay royalties per person. Is this true (that you have to pay per each person that uses aac)? If you do have to pay, which company do you pay to and how does one apply?

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  • Free Mobile passe largement la barre des 3 millions d'abonnés et en vise trois fois plus sur le moyen terme

    Free lance le forfait mobile à 2€ Et l'illimité à 3Go par mois pour moins de 20€ Mise à jour du 10/01/12 « L'oligopole des opérateurs s'est entendu avec l'Etat sur le forfait RSA. En interne, nous on l'appelle le forfait arnaque-raquette ». Le ton est donné, Xavier Niel, PDG fondateur de Free, n'est pas là pour être diplomate. « Plus vous êtes pauvres, et plus on vous en met dans la tête ! ». Pour bien montrer que ces opérateurs « nous prennent pour des pigeons » et pour se placer en chevalier blanc sur un marché biaisé, Free prend l'exemple symbolique de ces abonnements « sociaux » au prix de 10€ par mois.

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  • Are there any free embedable REPL interpreters for a website? [migrated]

    - by Google
    I am hoping to find a free REPL interpreter for a number of languages. I am starting a new web page to help developers learn with a number of tutorials. I want to embed an interpreter on the site so users can have a tutorial and interpreter side by side. I really like free interpreters such as the one at repl.it. However, I am unable to find a free/embeddable interpreter. I was hoping to avoid making one myself-- they seem tricky to make safely! Thanks!

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  • ANTLRv3 How to set a custom Lexer and Parser Class names

    - by Filip
    Is there a way to specify custom class name (meaning independent of the grammar name) for the ANTLRv3 generated Parser and Lexer classes? So in the case of grammar MDD; //other stufff Automtaically it would crate MDDParser and MDDLexer, but i would like to have them for example as MDDBaseParser and MDDLexer.

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  • Shift-reduce: when to stop reducing?

    - by Joey Adams
    I'm trying to learn about shift-reduce parsing. Suppose we have the following grammar, using recursive rules that enforce order of operations, inspired by the ANSI C Yacc grammar: S: A; P : NUMBER | '(' S ')' ; M : P | M '*' P | M '/' P ; A : M | A '+' M | A '-' M ; And we want to parse 1+2 using shift-reduce parsing. First, the 1 is shifted as a NUMBER. My question is, is it then reduced to P, then M, then A, then finally S? How does it know where to stop? Suppose it does reduce all the way to S, then shifts '+'. We'd now have a stack containing: S '+' If we shift '2', the reductions might be: S '+' NUMBER S '+' P S '+' M S '+' A S '+' S Now, on either side of the last line, S could be P, M, A, or NUMBER, and it would still be valid in the sense that any combination would be a correct representation of the text. How does the parser "know" to make it A '+' M So that it can reduce the whole expression to A, then S? In other words, how does it know to stop reducing before shifting the next token? Is this a key difficulty in LR parser generation?

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  • Best Open Source Project Hosting Site

    - by Cristian
    I want to start an open source project, but the rise in hosting sites leaves me a little paralyzed with choice. I know a little about several: I never really liked SourceForge's UI but it still feels like the site I think of when I think "open source project hosting". Google Code Project Hosting looks clean and useful but doesn't seem as feature complete as SourceForge. I've heard good things about Launchpad but don't know much about it nor do I know Bazaar (though I'd be interested in learning it). I know almost nothing about GitHub and, like Bazaar, I don't know Git. Does anyone have any experience with these sites or some other cool code host? Any recommendations? Recommended Sites: BitBucket Codeplex Assembla DevjaVu Savannah

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  • Commercial use of open source software

    - by gsvirdi
    I'd been trying to read about Open Source Software (OSS) but I'm still not clear about the scope of commercial use of OSS. Where can I find more details about the commercial use of OSS? Only then can I concentrate on "What License should I use for a new OSS project in .NET" for FOSS.

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  • Understanding CLR 2.0 Memory Model

    - by Eloff
    Joe Duffy, gives 6 rules that describe the CLR 2.0+ memory model (it's actual implementation, not any ECMA standard) I'm writing down my attempt at figuring this out, mostly as a way of rubber ducking, but if I make a mistake in my logic, at least someone here will be able to catch it before it causes me grief. Rule 1: Data dependence among loads and stores is never violated. Rule 2: All stores have release semantics, i.e. no load or store may move after one. Rule 3: All volatile loads are acquire, i.e. no load or store may move before one. Rule 4: No loads and stores may ever cross a full-barrier (e.g. Thread.MemoryBarrier, lock acquire, Interlocked.Exchange, Interlocked.CompareExchange, etc.). Rule 5: Loads and stores to the heap may never be introduced. Rule 6: Loads and stores may only be deleted when coalescing adjacent loads and stores from/to the same location. I'm attempting to understand these rules. x = y y = 0 // Cannot move before the previous line according to Rule 1. x = y z = 0 // equates to this sequence of loads and stores before possible re-ordering load y store x load 0 store z Looking at this, it appears that the load 0 can be moved up to before load y, but the stores may not be re-ordered at all. Therefore, if a thread sees z == 0, then it also will see x == y. If y was volatile, then load 0 could not move before load y, otherwise it may. Volatile stores don't seem to have any special properties, no stores can be re-ordered with respect to each other (which is a very strong guarantee!) Full barriers are like a line in the sand which loads and stores can not be moved over. No idea what rule 5 means. I guess rule 6 means if you do: x = y x = z Then it is possible for the CLR to delete both the load to y and the first store to x. x = y z = y // equates to this sequence of loads and stores before possible re-ordering load y store x load y store z // could be re-ordered like this load y load y store x store z // rule 6 applied means this is possible? load y store x // but don't pop y from stack (or first duplicate item on top of stack) store z What if y was volatile? I don't see anything in the rules that prohibits the above optimization from being carried out. This does not violate double-checked locking, because the lock() between the two identical conditions prevents the loads from being moved into adjacent positions, and according to rule 6, that's the only time they can be eliminated. So I think I understand all but rule 5, here. Anyone want to enlighten me (or correct me or add something to any of the above?)

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  • Why does ANTLR not parse the entire input?

    - by Martin Wiboe
    Hello, I am quite new to ANTLR, so this is likely a simple question. I have defined a simple grammar which is supposed to include arithmetic expressions with numbers and identifiers (strings that start with a letter and continue with one or more letters or numbers.) The grammar looks as follows: grammar while; @lexer::header { package ConFreeG; } @header { package ConFreeG; import ConFreeG.IR.*; } @parser::members { } arith: term | '(' arith ( '-' | '+' | '*' ) arith ')' ; term returns [AExpr a]: NUM { int n = Integer.parseInt($NUM.text); a = new Num(n); } | IDENT { a = new Var($IDENT.text); } ; fragment LOWER : ('a'..'z'); fragment UPPER : ('A'..'Z'); fragment NONNULL : ('1'..'9'); fragment NUMBER : ('0' | NONNULL); IDENT : ( LOWER | UPPER ) ( LOWER | UPPER | NUMBER )*; NUM : '0' | NONNULL NUMBER*; fragment NEWLINE:'\r'? '\n'; WHITESPACE : ( ' ' | '\t' | NEWLINE )+ { $channel=HIDDEN; }; I am using ANTLR v3 with the ANTLR IDE Eclipse plugin. When I parse the expression (8 + a45) using the interpreter, only part of the parse tree is generated: http://imgur.com/iBaEC.png Why does the second term (a45) not get parsed? The same happens if both terms are numbers. Thank you, Martin Wiboe

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  • Theory of computation - Using the pumping lemma for CFLs

    - by Tony
    I'm reviewing my notes for my course on theory of computation and I'm having trouble understanding how to complete a certain proof. Here is the question: A = {0^n 1^m 0^n | n>=1, m>=1} Prove that A is not regular. It's pretty obvious that the pumping lemma has to be used for this. So, we have |vy| = 1 |vxy| <= p (p being the pumping length, = 1) uv^ixy^iz exists in A for all i = 0 Trying to think of the correct string to choose seems a bit iffy for this. I was thinking 0^p 1^q 0^p, but I don't know if I can obscurely make a q, and since there is no bound on u, this could make things unruly.. So, how would one go about this?

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  • Java: how to tell if a line in a text file was supposed to be blank?

    - by defn
    I'm working on a project in which I have to read in a Grammar file (breaking it up into my data structure), with the goal of being able to generate a random "DearJohnLetter". My problem is that when reading in the .txt file, I don't know how find out whether the file was supposed to be a completely blank line or not, which is detrimental to the program. Here is an example of part of the file, How do i tell if the next line was supposed to be a blank line? (btw I'm just using a buffered reader) Thanks! <start> I have to break up with you because <reason> . But let's still <disclaimer> . <reason> <dubious-excuse> <dubious-excuse> , and also because <reason> <dubious-excuse> my <person> doesn't like you I'm in love with <another> I haven't told you this before but <harsh> I didn't have the heart to tell you this when we were going out, but <harsh> you never <romantic-with-me> with me any more you don't <romantic> any more my <someone> said you were bad news

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  • Wikipedia article's

    - by Algorist
    Hi, I am doing a project, for which I need to know all the wikipedia article names(I don't need the content). Is there a place where I can download this data. Thank you Bala

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  • Recognizing terminals in a CFG production previously not defined as tokens.

    - by kmels
    I'm making a generator of LL(1) parsers, my input is a CoCo/R language specification. I've already got a Scanner generator for that input. Suppose I've got the following specification: COMPILER 1. CHARACTERS digit="0123456789". TOKENS number = digit{digit}. decnumber = digit{digit}"."digit{digit}. PRODUCTIONS Expression = Term{"+"Term|"-"Term}. Term = Factor{"*"Factor|"/"Factor}. Factor = ["-"](Number|"("Expression")"). Number = (number|decnumber). END 1. So, if the parser generated by this grammar receives a word "1+1", it'd be accepted i.e. a parse tree would be found. My question is, the character "+" was never defined in a token, but it appears in the non-terminal "Expression". How should my generated Scanner recognize it? It would not recognize it as a token. Is this a valid input then? Should I add this terminal in TOKENS and then consider an error routine for a Scanner for it to skip it? How does usual language specifications handle this?

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  • Freeing memory twice

    - by benjamin button
    Hi, AFAIK, freeing a NULL pointer will result in nothing. I mean nothing is being done by the compiler/no functionality is performed. Still, I do see some statements where people say that one of the scenarios where memory corruption can occur is "freeing memory twice"? Is this still true?

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  • code throws std::bad_alloc, not enough memory or can it be a bug?

    - by Andreas
    I am parsing using a pretty large grammar (1.1 GB, it's data-oriented parsing). The parser I use (bitpar) is said to be optimized for highly ambiguous grammars. I'm getting this error: 1terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc' what(): St9bad_alloc dotest.sh: line 11: 16686 Aborted bitpar -p -b 1 -s top -u unknownwordsm -w pos.dfsa /tmp/gsyntax.pcfg /tmp/gsyntax.lex arbobanko.test arbobanko.results Is there hope? Does it mean that it has ran out of memory? It uses about 15 GB before it crashes. The machine I'm using has 32 GB of RAM, plus swap as well. It crashes before outputting a single parse tree. The parser is an efficient CYK chart parser using bit vector representations; I presume it is already near the limit of memory efficiency. If it really requires too much memory I could sample from the grammar rules, but this will decrease parse accuracy of course.

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  • Implicit Memory Barriers

    - by foo
    let's say i have variables A, B and C that two threads (T1, T2) share. i have the following code: //T1 //~~ A = 1; B = 1; C = 1; InterlockedExchange(ref Foo, 1); //T2 (executes AFTER T1 calls InterlockedExchange) //~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ InterlockedExchange(ref Bar, 1); WriteLine(A); WriteLine(B); WriteLine(C); Question: does calling InterlockedExchange (implicit full fence) on T1 and T2, gurentess that T2 will "See" the write done by T1 before the fence? (A, B and C variables), even though those variables are not plance on the same cache-line as Foo and Bar?

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  • standard C++ grammar

    - by eSKay
    Does the standard specify the official C++ grammar? I searched, but did not find it anywhere. Also, I wish to read a bit about C++ grammar in detail, like which category of grammars it falls in, etc. Any links pointing me in the right direction would be helpful. By category, I meant

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