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• "error: Unexpected error" during maven build with Android Anotations

  - by zasadnyy

  I have problem with building project with android anotations (v.2.6) using maven, with eclipse all works just fine. Here is some project and error details: build configuration snippet from pom: <plugin> <groupId>com.jayway.maven.plugins.android.generation2</groupId> <artifactId>android-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3.2</version> <inherited>true</inherited> <configuration> <androidManifestFile>${project.basedir}/AndroidManifest.xml</androidManifestFile> <assetsDirectory>${project.basedir}/assets</assetsDirectory> <resourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/res</resourceDirectory> <nativeLibrariesDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/native</nativeLibrariesDirectory> <sdk> <platform>16</platform> </sdk> <undeployBeforeDeploy>true</undeployBeforeDeploy> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <inherited>true</inherited> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> <extensions>true</extensions> </plugin> and here is output after executing mvn clean install on parent project: [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5:compile (default-compile) @ native-container framework --- [INFO] Compiling 102 source files to /Users/vitaliyzasadnyy/Development/repository/androidcontainer/native-container- android/native-container-framework/target/classes [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- [ERROR] error: Unexpected error. Please report an issue on AndroidAnnotations, with the following content: java.lang.NullPointerException [ERROR] at com.googlecode.androidannotations.internal.codemodel.JCodeModel.ref(JCodeModel.java:372) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.processing.EBeansHolder.refClass(EBeansHolder.java:160) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.processing.EBeansHolder$Classes.<init>(EBeansHolder.java:50) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.processing.EBeansHolder.<init>(EBeansHolder.java:136) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.processing.ModelProcessor.process(ModelProcessor.java:40) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.AndroidAnnotationProcessor.processAnnotations(AndroidAnnotationProcessor.java:472) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.AndroidAnnotationProcessor.processThrowing(AndroidAnnotationProcessor.java:343) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.AndroidAnnotationProcessor.process(AndroidAnnotationProcessor.java:318) at com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.callProcessor(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:627) at com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.discoverAndRunProcs(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:556) at com.sun.tools.javac.processing.JavacProcessingEnvironment.doProcessing(JavacProcessingEnvironment.java:701) at com.sun.tools.javac.main.JavaCompiler.processAnnotations(JavaCompiler.java:987) at com.sun.tools.javac.main.JavaCompiler.compile(JavaCompiler.java:727) at com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:353) at com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:279) at com.sun.tools.javac.main.Main.compile(Main.java:270) at com.sun.tools.javac.Main.compile(Main.java:87) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.plexus.compiler.javac.JavacCompiler.compileInProcess0(JavacCompiler.java:559) at org.codehaus.plexus.compiler.javac.JavacCompiler.compileInProcess(JavacCompiler.java:534) at org.codehaus.plexus.compiler.javac.JavacCompiler.compile(JavacCompiler.java:168) at org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractCompilerMojo.execute(AbstractCompilerMojo.java:678) at org.apache.maven.plugin.CompilerMojo.execute(CompilerMojo.java:128) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:101) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:209) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:320) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:156) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:537) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:196) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:141) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:290) at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:230) at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:409) at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:352) /Users/vitaliyzasadnyy/Development/repository/androidcontainer/native-container-android/native-container-framework/src/main/java/com/nravo/framework/activity/MainScreenActivity.java:[44,-1] Unexpected error. Please report an issue on AndroidAnnotations, with the following content: java.lang.NullPointerException at com.googlecode.androidannotations.internal.codemodel.JCodeModel.ref(JCodeModel.java:372) at com.googlecode.androidannotations.processing.EBeansHolder.refClass(EBeansHolder.java:160) Does anybody faced with this problem?

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• C# Proposal: Compile Time Static Checking Of Dynamic Objects

  - by Paulo Morgado

  C# 4.0 introduces a new type: dynamic. dynamic is a static type that bypasses static type checking. This new type comes in very handy to work with: The new languages from the dynamic language runtime. HTML Document Object Model (DOM). COM objects. Duck typing … Because static type checking is bypassed, this: dynamic dynamicValue = GetValue(); dynamicValue.Method(); is equivalent to this: object objectValue = GetValue(); objectValue .GetType() .InvokeMember( "Method", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, objectValue, null); Apart from caching the call site behind the scenes and some dynamic resolution, dynamic only looks better. Any typing error will only be caught at run time. In fact, if I’m writing the code, I know the contract of what I’m calling. Wouldn’t it be nice to have the compiler do some static type checking on the interactions with these dynamic objects? Imagine that the dynamic object that I’m retrieving from the GetValue method, besides the parameterless method Method also has a string read-only Property property. This means that, from the point of view of the code I’m writing, the contract that the dynamic object returned by GetValue implements is: string Property { get; } void Method(); Since it’s a well defined contract, I could write an interface to represent it: interface IValue { string Property { get; } void Method(); } If dynamic allowed to specify the contract in the form of dynamic(contract), I could write this: dynamic(IValue) dynamicValue = GetValue(); dynamicValue.Method(); This doesn’t mean that the value returned by GetValue has to implement the IValue interface. It just enables the compiler to verify that dynamicValue.Method() is a valid use of dynamicValue and dynamicValue.OtherMethod() isn’t. If the IValue interface already existed for any other reason, this would be fine. But having a type added to an assembly just for compile time usage doesn’t seem right. So, dynamic could be another type construct. Something like this: dynamic DValue { string Property { get; } void Method(); } The code could now be written like this; DValue dynamicValue = GetValue(); dynamicValue.Method(); The compiler would never generate any IL or metadata for this new type construct. It would only thee used for compile type static checking of dynamic objects. As a consequence, it makes no sense to have public accessibility, so it would not be allowed. Once again, if the IValue interface (or any other type definition) already exists, it can be used in the dynamic type definition: dynamic DValue : IValue, IEnumerable, SomeClass { string Property { get; } void Method(); } Another added benefit would be IntelliSense. I’ve been getting mixed reactions to this proposal. What do you think? Would this be useful?

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• Problem with script substitution when running script

  - by tucaz

  Hi! I'm new to Linux so this probably should be an easy fix, but I cannot see it. I have a script downloaded from official sources that is used to install additional tools for fsharp but it gives me a syntax error when running it. I tried to replace ( and ) by { and } but eventually it lead me to another error so I think this is not the problem since the script works for everybody. I read some articles that say that my bash version maybe is not the right one. I'm using Ubuntu 10.10 and here is the error: install-bonus.sh: 28: Syntax error: "(" unexpected (expecting "}") And this is line 27, 28 and 29: { declare -a DIRS=("${!3}") FILE=$2 And the full script: #! /bin/sh -e PREFIX=/usr BIN=$PREFIX/bin MAN=$PREFIX/share/man/man1/ die() { echo "$1" &2 echo "Installation aborted." &2 exit 1 } echo "This script will install additional material for F# including" echo "man pages, fsharpc and fsharpi scripts and Gtk# support for F#" echo "Interactive (root access needed)" echo "" # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Utility function that searches specified directories for a specified file # and if the file is not found, it asks user to provide a directory RESULT="" searchpaths() { declare -a DIRS=("${!3}") FILE=$2 DIR=${DIRS[0]} for TRYDIR in ${DIRS[@]} do if [ -f $TRYDIR/$FILE ] then DIR=$TRYDIR fi done while [ ! -f $DIR/$FILE ] do echo "File '$FILE' was not found in any of ${DIRS[@]}. Please enter $1 installation directory:" read DIR done RESULT=$DIR } # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Locate F# installation directory - this is needed, because we want to # add environment variable with it, generate 'fsharpc' and 'fsharpi' and also # copy load-gtk.fsx to that directory # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PATHS=( $1 /usr/lib/fsharp /usr/lib/shared/fsharp ) searchpaths "F# installation" FSharp.Core.dll PATHS[@] FSHARPDIR=$RESULT echo "Successfully found F# installation directory." # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Check that we have everything we need # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] || die "Please run the script as root." which mono /dev/null || die "mono not found in PATH." # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Make sure that all additional assemblies are in GAC # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ echo "Installing additional F# assemblies to the GAC" gacutil -i $FSHARPDIR/FSharp.Build.dll gacutil -i $FSHARPDIR/FSharp.Compiler.dll gacutil -i $FSHARPDIR/FSharp.Compiler.Interactive.Settings.dll gacutil -i $FSHARPDIR/FSharp.Compiler.Server.Shared.dll # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Install additional files # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Install man pages echo "Installing additional F# commands, scripts and man pages" mkdir -p $MAN cp *.1 $MAN # Export the FSHARP_COMPILER_BIN environment variable if [[ ! "$OSTYPE" =~ "darwin" ]]; then echo "export FSHARP_COMPILER_BIN=$FSHARPDIR" fsharp.sh mv fsharp.sh /etc/profile.d/ fi # Generate 'load-gtk.fsx' script for F# Interactive (ask user if we cannot find binaries) PATHS=( /usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 /usr/lib/cli/gtk-sharp-2.0 /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/2.8/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 ) searchpaths "Gtk#" gtk-sharp.dll PATHS[@] GTKDIR=$RESULT echo "Successfully found Gtk# root directory." PATHS=( /usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 /usr/lib/cli/glib-sharp-2.0 /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/2.8/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 ) searchpaths "Glib" glib-sharp.dll PATHS[@] GLIBDIR=$RESULT echo "Successfully found Glib# root directory." PATHS=( /usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 /usr/lib/cli/atk-sharp-2.0 /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/2.8/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 ) searchpaths "Atk#" atk-sharp.dll PATHS[@] ATKDIR=$RESULT echo "Successfully found Atk# root directory." PATHS=( /usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 /usr/lib/cli/gdk-sharp-2.0 /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/2.8/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-2.0 ) searchpaths "Gdk#" gdk-sharp.dll PATHS[@] GDKDIR=$RESULT echo "Successfully found Gdk# root directory." cp bonus/load-gtk.fsx load-gtk1.fsx sed "s,INSERTGTKPATH,$GTKDIR,g" load-gtk1.fsx load-gtk2.fsx sed "s,INSERTGDKPATH,$GDKDIR,g" load-gtk2.fsx load-gtk3.fsx sed "s,INSERTATKPATH,$ATKDIR,g" load-gtk3.fsx load-gtk4.fsx sed "s,INSERTGLIBPATH,$GLIBDIR,g" load-gtk4.fsx load-gtk.fsx rm load-gtk1.fsx rm load-gtk2.fsx rm load-gtk3.fsx rm load-gtk4.fsx mv load-gtk.fsx $FSHARPDIR/load-gtk.fsx # Generate 'fsharpc' and 'fsharpi' scripts (using the F# path) # 'fsharpi' automatically searches F# root directory (e.g. load-gtk) echo "#!/bin/sh" fsharpc echo "exec mono $FSHARPDIR/fsc.exe --resident \"\$@\"" fsharpc chmod 755 fsharpc echo "#!/bin/sh" fsharpi echo "exec mono $FSHARPDIR/fsi.exe -I:\"$FSHARPDIR\" \"\$@\"" fsharpi chmod 755 fsharpi mv fsharpc $BIN/fsharpc mv fsharpi $BIN/fsharpi Thanks a lot!

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• Subterranean IL: Compiling C# exception handlers

  - by Simon Cooper

  An exception handler in C# combines the IL catch and finally exception handling clauses into a single try statement: try { Console.WriteLine("Try block") // ... } catch (IOException) { Console.WriteLine("IOException catch") // ... } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Exception catch") // ... } finally { Console.WriteLine("Finally block") // ... } How does this get compiled into IL? Initial implementation If you remember from my earlier post, finally clauses must be specified with their own .try clause. So, for the initial implementation, we take the try/catch/finally, and simply split it up into two .try clauses (I have to use label syntax for this): StartTry: ldstr "Try block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End EndTry: StartIOECatch: ldstr "IOException catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End EndIOECatch: StartECatch: ldstr "Exception catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End EndECatch: StartFinally: ldstr "Finally block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... endfinally EndFinally: End: // ... .try StartTry to EndTry catch [mscorlib]System.IO.IOException handler StartIOECatch to EndIOECatch catch [mscorlib]System.Exception handler StartECatch to EndECatch .try StartTry to EndTry finally handler StartFinally to EndFinally However, the resulting program isn't verifiable, and doesn't run: [IL]: Error: Shared try has finally or fault handler. Nested try blocks What's with the verification error? Well, it's a condition of IL verification that all exception handling regions (try, catch, filter, finally, fault) of a single .try clause have to be completely contained within any outer exception region, and they can't overlap with any other exception handling clause. In other words, IL exception handling clauses must to be representable in the scoped syntax, and in this example, we're overlapping catch and finally clauses. Not only is this example not verifiable, it isn't semantically correct. The finally handler is specified round the .try. What happens if you were able to run this code, and an exception was thrown? Program execution enters top of try block, and exception is thrown within it CLR searches for an exception handler, finds catch Because control flow is leaving .try, finally block is run The catch block is run leave.s End inside the catch handler branches to End label. We're actually running the finally before the catch! What we do about it What we actually need to do is put the catch clauses inside the finally clause, as this will ensure the finally gets executed at the correct time (this time using scoped syntax): .try { .try { ldstr "Try block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End } catch [mscorlib]System.IO.IOException { ldstr "IOException catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End } catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { ldstr "Exception catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End } } finally { ldstr "Finally block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... endfinally } End: ret Returning from methods There is a further semantic mismatch that the C# compiler has to deal with; in C#, you are allowed to return from within an exception handling block: public int HandleMethod() { try { // ... return 0; } catch (Exception) { // ... return -1; } } However, you can't ret inside an exception handling block in IL. So the C# compiler does a leave.s to a ret outside the exception handling area, loading/storing any return value to a local variable along the way (as leave.s clears the stack): .method public instance int32 HandleMethod() { .locals init ( int32 retVal ) .try { // ... ldc.i4.0 stloc.0 leave.s End } catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { // ... ldc.i4.m1 stloc.0 leave.s End } End: ldloc.0 ret } Conclusion As you can see, the C# compiler has quite a few hoops to jump through to translate C# code into semantically-correct IL, and hides the numerous conditions on IL exception handling blocks from the C# programmer. Next up: catch-all blocks, and how the runtime deals with non-Exception exceptions.

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• Using Nemerle in asp.net App_Code directory

  - by Andrew Davey

  I want to use Nemerle in an ASP.NET application. Specifically, putting .n files into App_Code. I added this to my web.config system.codedom/compilers section: <compiler language="n;Nemerle" extension=".n" type="Nemerle.Compiler.NemerleCodeProvider, Nemerle.Compiler"/> When running I get this exception: The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting in machine.config can help solve this issue. Stack trace [HttpException (0x80004005): The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting <deployment retail="true" /> in machine.config can help solve this issue.] System.Web.Compilation.CodeDirectoryCompiler.GetCodeDirectoryAssembly(VirtualPath virtualDir, CodeDirectoryType dirType, String assemblyName, StringSet excludedSubdirectories, Boolean isDirectoryAllowed) +8809675 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileCodeDirectory(VirtualPath virtualDir, CodeDirectoryType dirType, String assemblyName, StringSet excludedSubdirectories) +128 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileCodeDirectories() +265 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.EnsureTopLevelFilesCompiled() +320 [HttpException (0x80004005): The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting <deployment retail="true" /> in machine.config can help solve this issue.] System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ReportTopLevelCompilationException() +58 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.EnsureTopLevelFilesCompiled() +512 System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters) +729 [HttpException (0x80004005): The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting <deployment retail="true" /> in machine.config can help solve this issue.] System.Web.HttpRuntime.FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +8890735 System.Web.HttpRuntime.EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +85 System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr) +259 What am I doing wrong?

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• Enable LLVM + Clang in Xcode new project causes linking errors

  - by Ger Teunis

  I've done a complete clean uninstall of XCode and deleted the prefs and deleted complete /Developer folder and reinstalled XCode again. I create a new Cocoa application, go over to Target, doing a "Get info" in the target and enable "C / C++ compiler version" to "LLVM compiler 1.0.2" and press Build. I get: ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/x86_64' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/x86_64' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/../../../i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/../../..' following -L not found ld: library not found for -lgcc Command /Developer/usr/bin/clang failed with exit code 1 Anyone able to help me here? LLVM + GCC frontend does work though but I really would like to use Clang (LLVM compiler 1.0.2). New XCode install, new Cocoa project still have this issue.

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• Problems compiling peazip on OSX

  - by Yansky

  I'm having some problems with compiling Peazip on OSX (10.6). I emailed the Peazip developer and he said he probably couldn't help me too much as the error seems to be OSX specific and he doesn't have access to an OSX machine any more. The compiler I'm using is Lazarus as the source is in Pascal. The actual compile process seems to go ok, but when I run the peazip.app program launcher, I get the following error: http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v215/thegooddale/Screen-shot-2010-05-22-at-71907-PM.png Here is the app launcher that the compile made: http://forboden.com/coding/peazip.app.zip - you can use an unzip program to look at the files inside (i.e. unzip it twice). I also tried just running the peazip unix file executable that was produced after the compile from the terminal and I got this: http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v215/thegooddale/Screen-shot-2010-05-22-at-72148-PM.png Here are the messages from the compile log from Lazarus while compiling Peazip: http://pastebin.com/qK4bdncL (I asked on the Lazarus forums and they said I can just ignore those "ld: warning: unknown stabs type" warnings). Here is the info from the project_peach.compiled file: <?xml version="1.0"?> <CONFIG> <Compiler Value="/usr/local/bin/ppc386" Date="1238949773"/> <Params Value=" -MObjFPC -Sgi -O1 -gl -k-framework -kCarbon -k-framework -kOpenGL -k'-dylib_file' -k'/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGL.dylib:/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGL.dylib' -WG -vewnhi -l -Fu/Users/yansky/Desktop/peazip-3.1.src/res/themes/crystalc/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/components/synedit/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/ideintf/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/lcl/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/lcl/units/i386-darwin/carbon/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/packager/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Users/yansky/Desktop/peazip-3.1.src/ -Fu. -opeazip -dLCL -dLCLcarbon project_peach.lpr"/> </CONFIG> I guess there's little chance that anyone here has experience with Pascal and Lazarus since it's not that popular a language and the compiler is still in beta, but I thought I would post here in the hopes that someone might point me in the right general direction about where/how the peazip.app launcher is breaking.

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• Generating scala AST for recursive method.

  - by scout

  I am generating the scala AST using the following code: val setting = new Settings(error) val reporter = new ConsoleReporter(setting, in, out) { override def displayPrompt = () } val compiler = new Global(setting, reporter) with ASTExtractor{ override def onlyPresentation = true } //setting.PhasesSetting("parser", "parserPhase") val run = new compiler.Run val sourceFiles:List[String] = List("Test.scala") run.compile(sourceFiles.toList) I guess this is the standard code used to run the compiler in the code and generate the AST to work with. The above code worked fine for any valid scala code in Test.scala till now. When I use a recursive function in Test.scala, like def xMethod(x:Int):Int = if(x == 0) -1 else xMethod(x-1) It gives me a java.lang.NullPointerException. The top few lines of the stack trace look like this at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.checkNoDoubleDefsAndAddSynthetics$1(Typers.scala:2170) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typedStats(Typers.scala:2196) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typedBlock(Typers.scala:1951) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typed1(Typers.scala:3815) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typed(Typers.scala:4124) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typed(Typers.scala:4177) at scala.tools.nsc.transform.TailCalls$TailCallElimination.transform(TailCalls.scala:199) The code works fine for a method like def aMethod(c:Int):Int = { bMethod(c) } def bMethod(x:Int):Int = aMethod(x) Please let me know if recursive functions need any other setting.

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• x86 opcode alignment references and guidelines

  - by mrjoltcola

  I'm generating some opcodes dynamically in a JIT compiler and I'm looking for guidelines for opcode alignment. 1) I've read comments that briefly "recommend" alignment by adding nops after calls 2) I've also read about using nop for optimizing sequences for parallelism. 3) I've read that alignment of ops is good for "cache" performance Usually these comments don't give any supporting references. Its one thing to read a blog or a comment that says, "its a good idea to do such and such", but its another to actually write a compiler that implements specific op sequences and realize most material online, especially blogs, are not useful for practical application. So I'm a believer in finding things out myself (disassembly, etc. to see what real world apps do). This is one case where I need some outside info. I notice compilers will usually start an odd byte instruction immediately after whatever previous instruction sequence there was. So the compiler is not taking any special care in most cases. I see "nop" here or there, but usually it seems nop is used sparingly, if at all. How critical is opcode alignment? Can you provide references for cases that I can actually use for implementation? Thanks.

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• force delete row on django app after migration

  - by unsorted

  After a migration with south, I ended up deleting a column. Now the current data in one of my tables is screwed up and I want to delete it, but attempts to delete just result in an error: >>> d = Degree.objects.all() >>> d.delete() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 440, in d elete for i, obj in izip(xrange(CHUNK_SIZE), del_itr): File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 106, in _ result_iter self._fill_cache() File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 760, in _ fill_cache self._result_cache.append(self._iter.next()) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 269, in i terator for row in compiler.results_iter(): File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 67 2, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 72 7, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\util.py", line 15, in e xecute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 200, in execute return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) DatabaseError: no such column: students_degree.abbrev >>> Is there a simple way to just force a delete? Do I drop the table and then rerun manage.py schemamigration to recreate the table in south?

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• sqrt(int_value + 0.0) -- Does it have a purpose?

  - by Earlz

  Hello, while doing some homework in my very strange C++ book, which I've been told before to throw away, had a very peculiar code segment. I know homework stuff always throws in extra "mystery" to try to confuse you like indenting 2 lines after a single-statement for-loop. But this one I'm confused on because it seems to serve some real-purpose. basically it is like this: int counter=10; ... if(pow(floor(sqrt(counter+0.0)),2) == counter) ... I'm interested in this part especially: sqrt(counter+0.0) Is there some purpose to the +0.0? Is this the poormans way of doing a static cast to a double? Does this avoid some compiler warning on some compiler I do not use? The entire program printed the exact same thing and compiled without warnings on g++ whenever I left out the +0.0 part. Maybe I'm not using a weird enough compiler? Edit: Also, does gcc just break standard and not make an error for Ambiguous reference since sqrt can take 3 different types of parameters? [earlz@EarlzBeta-~/projects/homework1] $ cat calc.cpp #include <cmath> int main(){ int counter=0; sqrt(counter); } [earlz@EarlzBeta-~/projects/homework1] $ g++ calc.cpp /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.47.0: warning: strcpy() is almost always misused, please use strlcpy() /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.47.0: warning: strcat() is almost always misused, please use strlcat() [earlz@EarlzBeta-~/projects/homework1] $

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• Just introducing myself to TMPing, and came across a quirk

  - by Justen

  I was just trying to learn the syntax of the beginner things, and how it worked when I was making this short bit of code. The code below works in adding numbers 1 to 499, but if I add 1 to 500, the compiler bugs out giving me: fatal error C1001: An internal error has occurred in the compiler. And I was just wondering why that is. Is there some limit to how much code the compiler can generate or something and it just happened to be a nice round number of 500 for me? #include <iostream> using namespace std; template < int b > struct loop { enum { sum = loop< b - 1 >::sum + b }; }; template <> struct loop< 0 > { enum { sum = 0 }; }; int main() { cout << "Adding the numbers from 1 to 499 = " << loop< 499 >::sum << endl; return 0; }

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• What does it mean that "Lisp can be written in itself?"

  - by Mason Wheeler

  Paul Graham wrote that "The unusual thing about Lisp-- in fact, the defining quality of Lisp-- is that it can be written in itself." But that doesn't seem the least bit unusual or definitive to me. ISTM that a programming language is defined by two things: Its compiler or interpreter, which defines the syntax and the semantics for the language by fiat, and its standard library, which defines to a large degree the idioms and techniques that skilled users will use when writing code in the language. With a few specific exceptions, (the non-C# members of the .NET family, for example,) most languages' standard libraries are written in that language for two very good reasons: because it will share the same set of syntactical definitions, function calling conventions, and the general "look and feel" of the language, and because the people who are likely to write a standard library for a programming language are its users, and particularly its designer(s). So there's nothing unique there; that's pretty standard. And again, there's nothing unique or unusual about a language's compiler being written in itself. C compilers are written in C. Pascal compilers are written in Pascal. Mono's C# compiler is written in C#. Heck, even some scripting languages have implementations "written in itself". So what does it mean that Lisp is unusual in being written in itself?

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• Compile and optimize for different target architectures

  - by Peter Smit

  Summary: I want to take advantage of compiler optimizations and processor instruction sets, but still have a portable application (running on different processors). Normally I could indeed compile 5 times and let the user choose the right one to run. My question is: how can I can automate this, so that the processor is detected at runtime and the right executable is executed without the user having to chose it? I have an application with a lot of low level math calculations. These calculations will typically run for a long time. I would like to take advantage of as much optimization as possible, preferably also of (not always supported) instruction sets. On the other hand I would like my application to be portable and easy to use (so I would not like to compile 5 different versions and let the user choose). Is there a possibility to compile 5 different versions of my code and run dynamically the most optimized version that's possible at execution time? With 5 different versions I mean with different instruction sets and different optimizations for processors. I don't care about the size of the application. At this moment I'm using gcc on Linux (my code is in C++), but I'm also interested in this for the Intel compiler and for the MinGW compiler for compilation to Windows. The executable doesn't have to be able to run on different OS'es, but ideally there would be something possible with automatically selecting 32 bit and 64 bit as well. Edit: Please give clear pointers how to do it, preferably with small code examples or links to explanations. From my point of view I need a super generic solution, which is applicable on any random C++ project I have later. Edit I assigned the bounty to ShuggyCoUk, he had a great number of pointers to look out for. I would have liked to split it between multiple answers but that is not possible. I'm not having this implemented yet, so the question is still 'open'! Please, still add and/or improve answers, even though there is no bounty to be given anymore. Thanks everybody!

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• What is the general feeling about reflection extensions in std::type_info?

  - by Evan Teran

  I've noticed that reflection is one feature that developers from other languages find very lacking in c++. For certain applications I can really see why! It is so much easier to write things like an IDE's auto-complete if you had reflection. And certainly serialization APIs would be a world easier if we had it. On the other side, one of the main tenets of c++ is don't pay for what you don't use. Which makes complete sense. That's something I love about c++. But it occurred to me there could be a compromise. Why don't compilers add extensions to the std::type_info structure? There would be no runtime overhead. The binary could end up being larger, but this could be a simple compiler switch to enable/disable and to be honest, if you are really concerned about the space savings, you'll likely disable exceptions and RTTI anyway. Some people cite issues with templates, but the compiler happily generates std::type_info structures for template types already. I can imagine a g++ switch like -fenable-typeinfo-reflection which could become very popular (and mainstream libs like boost/Qt/etc could easily have a check to generate code which uses it if there, in which case the end user would benefit with no more cost than flipping a switch). I don't find this unreasonable since large portable libraries like this already depend on compiler extensions. So why isn't this more common? I imagine that I'm missing something, what are the technical issues with this?

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• F#, Linux and makefiles

  - by rwallace

  I intend to distribute an F# program as both binary and source so the user has the option of recompiling it if desired. On Windows, I understand how to do this: provide .fsproj and .sln files, which both Visual Studio and MSBuild can understand. On Linux, the traditional solution for C programs is a makefile. This depends on gcc being directly available, which it always is. The F# compiler can be installed on Linux and works under Mono, so that's fine so far. However, as far as I can tell, it doesn't create a scenario where fsc runs the compiler, instead the command is mono ...path.../fsc.exe. This is also fine, except I don't know what the path is going to be. So the full command to run the compiler in my case could be mono ~/FSharp-2.0.0.0/bin/fsc.exe types.fs tptp.fs main.fs -r FSharp.PowerPack.dll except that I'm not sure where fsc.exe will actually be located on the user's machine. Is there a way to find that out within a makefile, or would it be better to fall back on just explaining the above in the documentation and relying on the user to modify the command according to his setup?

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• C: 8x8 -> 16 bit multiply precision guaranteed by integer promotions?

  - by craig-blome

  I'm trying to figure out if the C Standard (C90, though I'm working off Derek Jones' annotated C99 book) guarantees that I will not lose precision multiplying two unsigned 8-bit values and storing to a 16-bit result. An example statement is as follows: unsigned char foo; unsigned int foo_u16 = foo * 10; Our Keil 8051 compiler (v7.50 at present) will generate a MUL AB instruction which stores the MSB in the B register and the LSB in the accumulator. If I cast foo to a unsigned int first: unsigned int foo_u16 = (unsigned int)foo * 10; then the compiler correctly decides I want a unsigned int there and generates an expensive call to a 16x16 bit integer multiply routine. I would like to argue beyond reasonable doubt that this defensive measure is not necessary. As I read the integer promotions described in 6.3.1.1, the effect of the first line shall be as if foo and 10 were promoted to unsigned int, the multiplication performed, and the result stored as unsigned int in foo_u16. If the compiler knows an instruction that does 8x8-16 bit multiplications without loss of precision, so much the better; but the precision is guaranteed. Am I reading this correctly? Best regards, Craig Blome

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• Fatal error when using FILE* in Windows from DLL

  - by AlannY

  Hi there. Recently, I found a problem with Visual C++ 2008 compiler, but using minor hack avoid it. Currently, I cannot use the same hack, but problem exists as in 2008 as in 2010 (Express). So, I've prepared for you 2 simple C file: one for DLL, one for program: DLL (file-dll.c): #include <stdio.h> __declspec(dllexport) void print_to_stream (FILE *stream) { fprintf (stream, "OK!\n"); } And for program, which links this DLL via file-dll.lib: Program: #include <stdio.h> __declspec(dllimport) void print_to_stream (FILE *stream); int main (void) { print_to_stream (stdout); return 0; } To compile and link DLL: cl /LD file-dll.c To compile and link program: cl file-test.c file-dll.lib When invoking file-test.exe, I got the fatal error (similar to segmentation fault in UNIX). As I said early, I had that the same problem before: about transferring FILE* pointer to DLL. I thought, that it may be because of compiler mismatch, but now I'm using one compiler for everything and it's not the problem. ;-( What can I do now? UPD: I've found solution: cl /LD /MD file-dll.c cl /MD file-test.c file-dll.lib The key is to link to dynamic library, but (I did not know it) by default it links staticaly and (hencefore) error occurs (I see why). P.S. Thanks for patience.

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• Question about compilers and how they work

  - by Marin Doric

  This is the C code that frees memory of a singly linked list. It is compiled with Visual C++ 2008 and code works as it should be. /* Program done, so free allocated memory */ current = head; struct film * temp; temp = current; while (current != NULL) { temp = current->next; free(current); current = temp; } But I also encountered ( even in a books ) same code written like this: /* Program done, so free allocated memory */ current = head; while (current != NULL) { free(current); current = current->next; } If I compile that code with my VC++ 2008, program crashes because I am first freeing current and then assigning current-next to current. But obviously if I compile this code with some other complier ( for example, compiler that book author used ) program will work. So question is, why does this code compiled with specific compiler work? Is it because that compiler put instructions in binary file that remember address of current-next although I freed current and my VC++ doesn't. I just want to understand how compilers work.

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• Inheritance inside a template - public members become invisible?

  - by Juliano

  I'm trying to use inheritance among classes defined inside a class template (inner classes). However, the compiler (GCC) is refusing to give me access to public members in the base class. Example code: template <int D> struct Space { struct Plane { Plane(Space& b); virtual int& at(int y, int z) = 0; Space& space; /* <= this member is public */ }; struct PlaneX: public Plane { /* using Plane::space; */ PlaneX(Space& b, int x); int& at(int y, int z); const int cx; }; int& at(int x, int y, int z); }; template <int D> int& Space<D>::PlaneX::at(int y, int z) { return space.at(cx, y, z); /* <= but it fails here */ }; Space<4> sp4; The compiler says: file.cpp: In member function ‘int& Space::PlaneX::at(int, int)’: file.cpp:21: error: ‘space’ was not declared in this scope If using Plane::space; is added to the definition of class PlaneX, or if the base class member is accessed through the this pointer, or if class Space is changed to a non-template class, then the compiler is fine with it. I don't know if this is either some obscure restriction of C++, or a bug in GCC (GCC versions 4.4.1 and 4.4.3 tested). Does anyone have an idea?

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• Why are compilers so stupid?

  - by martinus

  I always wonder why compilers can't figure out simple things that are obvious to the human eye. They do lots of simple optimizations, but never something even a little bit complex. For example, this code takes about 6 seconds on my computer to print the value zero (using java 1.6): int x = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 100 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000; ++i) { x += x + x + x + x + x; } System.out.println(x); It is totally obvious that x is never changed so no matter how often you add 0 to itself it stays zero. So the compiler could in theory replace this with System.out.println(0). Or even better, this takes 23 seconds: public int slow() { String s = "x"; for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) { s += "x"; } return 10; } First the compiler could notice that I am actually creating a string s of 100000 "x" so it could automatically use s StringBuilder instead, or even better directly replace it with the resulting string as it is always the same. Second, It does not recognize that I do not actually use the string at all, so the whole loop could be discarded! Why, after so much manpower is going into fast compilers, are they still so relatively dumb? EDIT: Of course these are stupid examples that should never be used anywhere. But whenever I have to rewrite a beautiful and very readable code into something unreadable so that the compiler is happy and produces fast code, I wonder why compilers or some other automated tool can't do this work for me.

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• What constitutes a development environment, and how do you document it?

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  What items go into a software shop's development environment, how do you document it, and what processes do you follow to make changes? I thinking about this from the standpoint where I want to make it easier to bring new hires up to speed quickly by having all this on a checklist we follow when setting them up, and then while I'm at it making it easier for the new hires or existing team members to bring new powerful toolkits and ideas into the environment without disrupting things. I want to keep this platform agnostic, so even though I'm currently at a microsoft shop where Visual Studio would be assumed I'll go ahead and list compiler/IDE as one of the items: Here are some ideas for part 1: [edit]: I'm keeping this updated based on the better suggestions. Source Control access Issue/Bug/Project tracker System Documention, or references to find the system documentation in source control or in a wiki, including: build document/environment covered by this question design documents / technical notes Coding Style guidelines Deploy for review/testing/QA/staging/production procedures Licensing details for your tools and your product Team Calendar, including the project schedule(s), deadlines, vacation time, and support/on-call schedule (if required) compiler/IDE compiler/IDE extensions (things like source control plugins or visual studio add-ins) 3rd party SDKs/toolkits Database connection and tools Testing Frameworks Internal libraries communication tools (chat, wiki, etc) Static analysis tools (FxCop, FlawFinder, etc) Virtual machines (holding dev environment or for testing) Specialized editors (modeling, xml, etc) Other tools What else goes in this list, and how do you document it and vet changes?

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• Do all C compilers allow functions to return structures?

  - by Jordan S

  I am working on a program in C and using the SDCC compiler for a 8051 architecture device. I am trying to write a function called GetName that will read 8 characters from Flash Memory and return the character array in some form. I know that it is not possible to return an array in C so I am trying to do it using a struct like this: //********************FLASH.h file******************************* MyStruct GetName(int i); //Function prototype #define NAME_SIZE 8 typedef struct { char Name[NAME_SIZE]; } MyStruct; extern MyStruct GetName(int i); // *****************FLASH.c file*********************************** #include "FLASH.h" MyStruct GetName( int i) { MyStruct newNameStruct; //... // Fill the array by reading data from Flash //... return newNameStruct; } I don't have any references to this function yet but for some reason, I get a compiler error that says "Function cannot return aggregate." Does this mean that my compiler does not support functions that return structs? Or am I just doing something wrong?

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• Django: DatabaseError column does not exist

  - by Rosarch

  I'm having a problem with Django 1.2.4. Here is a model: class Foo(models.Model): # ... ftw = models.CharField(blank=True) bar = models.ForeignKey(Bar) Right after flushing the database, I use the shell: Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Sep 15 2010, 15:52:39) [GCC 4.4.5] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>> from apps.foo.models import Foo >>> Foo.objects.all() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 67, in __repr__ data = list(self[:REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1]) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 82, in __len__ self._result_cache.extend(list(self._iter)) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 271, in iterator for row in compiler.results_iter(): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 677, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 732, in execute_sql cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 15, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql_psycopg2/base.py", line 44, in execute return self.cursor.execute(query, args) DatabaseError: column foo_foo.bar_id does not exist LINE 1: ...t_omg", "foo_foo"."ftw", "foo_foo... What am I doing wrong here?

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• Template compilation error in Sun Studio 12

  - by Jagannath

  We are migrating to Sun Studio 12.1 and with the new compiler [ CC: Sun C++ 5.10 SunOS_sparc 2009/06/03 ]. I am getting compilation error while compiling a code that compiled fine with earlier version of Sun Compiler [ CC: Sun WorkShop 6 update 2 C++ 5.3 2001/05/15 ]. This is the compilation error I get. "Sample.cc": Error: Could not find a match for LoopThrough(int[2]) needed in main(). 1 Error(s) detected. * Error code 1. CODE: #include <iostream> #define PRINT_TRACE(STR) \ std::cout << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << ":" << STR << "\n"; template<size_t SZ> void LoopThrough(const int(&Item)[SZ]) { PRINT_TRACE("Specialized version"); for (size_t index = 0; index < SZ; ++index) { std::cout << Item[index] << "\n"; } } /* template<typename Type, size_t SZ> void LoopThrough(const Type(&Item)[SZ]) { PRINT_TRACE("Generic version"); } */ int main() { { int arr[] = { 1, 2 }; LoopThrough(arr); } } If I uncomment the code with Generic version, the code compiles fine and the generic version is called. I don't see this problem with MSVC 2010 with extensions disabled and the same case with ideone here. The specialized version of the function is called. Now the question is, is this a bug in Sun Compiler ? If yes, how could we file a bug report ?

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