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• What's up with LDoms: Part 4 - Virtual Networking Explained

  - by Stefan Hinker

  I'm back from my summer break (and some pressing business that kept me away from this), ready to continue with Oracle VM Server for SPARC ;-) In this article, we'll have a closer look at virtual networking.  Basic connectivity as we've seen it in the first, simple example, is easy enough.  But there are numerous options for the virtual switches and virtual network ports, which we will discuss in more detail now.   In this section, we will concentrate on virtual networking - the capabilities of virtual switches and virtual network ports - only.  Other options involving hardware assignment or redundancy will be covered in separate sections later on. There are two basic components involved in virtual networking for LDoms: Virtual switches and virtual network devices.  The virtual switch should be seen just like a real ethernet switch.  It "runs" in the service domain and moves ethernet packets back and forth.  A virtual network device is plumbed in the guest domain.  It corresponds to a physical network device in the real world.  There, you'd be plugging a cable into the network port, and plug the other end of that cable into a switch.  In the virtual world, you do the same:  You create a virtual network device for your guest and connect it to a virtual switch in a service domain.  The result works just like in the physical world, the network device sends and receives ethernet packets, and the switch does all those things ethernet switches tend to do. If you look at the reference manual of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, there are numerous options for virtual switches and network devices.  Don't be confused, it's rather straight forward, really.  Let's start with the simple case, and work our way to some more sophisticated options later on.  In many cases, you'll want to have several guests that communicate with the outside world on the same ethernet segment.  In the real world, you'd connect each of these systems to the same ethernet switch.  So, let's do the same thing in the virtual world: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw venus We've just created a virtual switch called "admin-vsw" and connected it to the physical device nxge2.  In the physical world, we'd have powered up our ethernet switch and installed a cable between it and our big enterprise datacenter switch.  We then created a virtual network interface for each one of the two guest systems "mars" and "venus" and connected both to that virtual switch.  They can now communicate with each other and with any system reachable via nxge2.  If primary were running Solaris 10, communication with the guests would not be possible.  This is different with Solaris 11, please see the Admin Guide for details.  Note that I've given both the vswitch and the vnet devices some sensible names, something I always recommend. Unless told otherwise, the LDoms Manager software will automatically assign MAC addresses to all network elements that need one.  It will also make sure that these MAC addresses are unique and reuse MAC addresses to play nice with all those friendly DHCP servers out there.  However, if we want to do this manually, we can also do that.  (One reason might be firewall rules that work on MAC addresses.)  So let's give mars a manually assigned MAC address: root@sun # ldm set-vnet mac-addr=0:14:4f:f9:c4:13 admin-net mars Within the guest, these virtual network devices have their own device driver.  In Solaris 10, they'd appear as "vnet0".  Solaris 11 would apply it's usual vanity naming scheme.  We can configure these interfaces just like any normal interface, give it an IP-address and configure sophisticated routing rules, just like on bare metal.  In many cases, using Jumbo Frames helps increase throughput performance.  By default, these interfaces will run with the standard ethernet MTU of 1500 bytes.  To change this,  it is usually sufficient to set the desired MTU for the virtual switch.  This will automatically set the same MTU for all vnet devices attached to that switch.  Let's change the MTU size of our admin-vsw from the example above: root@sun # ldm set-vsw mtu=9000 admin-vsw primary Note that that you can set the MTU to any value between 1500 and 16000.  Of course, whatever you set needs to be supported by the physical network, too. Another very common area of network configuration is VLAN tagging. This can be a little confusing - my advise here is to be very clear on what you want, and perhaps draw a little diagram the first few times.  As always, keeping a configuration simple will help avoid errors of all kind.  Nevertheless, VLAN tagging is very usefull to consolidate different networks onto one physical cable.  And as such, this concept needs to be carried over into the virtual world.  Enough of the introduction, here's a little diagram to help in explaining how VLANs work in LDoms: Let's remember that any VLANs not explicitly tagged have the default VLAN ID of 1. In this example, we have a vswitch connected to a physical network that carries untagged traffic (VLAN ID 1) as well as VLANs 11, 22, 33 and 44.  There might also be other VLANs on the wire, but the vswitch will ignore all those packets.  We also have two vnet devices, one for mars and one for venus.  Venus will see traffic from VLANs 33 and 44 only.  For VLAN 44, venus will need to configure a tagged interface "vnet44000".  For VLAN 33, the vswitch will untag all incoming traffic for venus, so that venus will see this as "normal" or untagged ethernet traffic.  This is very useful to simplify guest configuration and also allows venus to perform Jumpstart or AI installations over this network even if the Jumpstart or AI server is connected via VLAN 33.  Mars, on the other hand, has full access to untagged traffic from the outside world, and also to VLANs 11,22 and 33, but not 44.  On the command line, we'd do this like this: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 pvid=1 vid=11,22,33,44 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=1 vid=11,22,33 admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=33 vid=44 admin-vsw venus Finally, I'd like to point to a neat little option that will make your live easier in all those cases where configurations tend to change over the live of a guest system.  It's the "id=<somenumber>" option available for both vswitches and vnet devices.  Normally, Solaris in the guest would enumerate network devices sequentially.  However, it has ways of remembering this initial numbering.  This is good in the physical world.  In the virtual world, whenever you unbind (aka power off and disassemble) a guest system, remove and/or add network devices and bind the system again, chances are this numbering will change.  Configuration confusion will follow suit.  To avoid this, nail down the initial numbering by assigning each vnet device it's device-id explicitly: root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net id=1 admin-vsw venus Please consult the Admin Guide for details on this, and how to decipher these network ids from Solaris running in the guest. Thanks for reading this far.  Links for further reading are essentially only the Admin Guide and Reference Manual and can be found above.  I hope this is useful and, as always, I welcome any comments.

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• SQL SERVER – 5 Tips for Improving Your Data with expressor Studio

  - by pinaldave

  It’s no secret that bad data leads to bad decisions and poor results.  However, how do you prevent dirty data from taking up residency in your data store?  Some might argue that it’s the responsibility of the person sending you the data.  While that may be true, in practice that will rarely hold up.  It doesn’t matter how many times you ask, you will get the data however they decide to provide it. So now you have bad data.  What constitutes bad data?  There are quite a few valid answers, for example: Invalid date values Inappropriate characters Wrong data Values that exceed a pre-set threshold While it is certainly possible to write your own scripts and custom SQL to identify and deal with these data anomalies, that effort often takes too long and becomes difficult to maintain.  Instead, leveraging an ETL tool like expressor Studio makes the data cleansing process much easier and faster.  Below are some tips for leveraging expressor to get your data into tip-top shape. Tip 1:     Build reusable data objects with embedded cleansing rules One of the new features in expressor Studio 3.2 is the ability to define constraints at the metadata level.  Using expressor’s concept of Semantic Types, you can define reusable data objects that have embedded logic such as constraints for dealing with dirty data.  Once defined, they can be saved as a shared atomic type and then re-applied to other data attributes in other schemas. As you can see in the figure above, I’ve defined a constraint on zip code.  I can then save the constraint rules I defined for zip code as a shared atomic type called zip_type for example.   The next time I get a different data source with a schema that also contains a zip code field, I can simply apply the shared atomic type (shown below) and the previously defined constraints will be automatically applied. Tip 2:     Unlock the power of regular expressions in Semantic Types Another powerful feature introduced in expressor Studio 3.2 is the option to use regular expressions as a constraint.   A regular expression is used to identify patterns within data.   The patterns could be something as simple as a date format or something much more complex such as a street address.  For example, I could define that a valid IP address should be made up of 4 numbers, each 0 to 255, and separated by a period.  So 192.168.23.123 might be a valid IP address whereas 888.777.0.123 would not be.   How can I account for this using regular expressions? A very simple regular expression that would look for any 4 sets of 3 digits separated by a period would be:  ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ Alternatively, the following would be the exact check for truly valid IP addresses as we had defined above:  ^(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|[1-9]?[0-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|[1-9]?[0-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|[1-9]?[0-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|[1-9]?[0-9])$ .  In expressor, we would enter this regular expression as a constraint like this: Here we select the corrective action to be ‘Escalate’, meaning that the expressor Dataflow operator will decide what to do.  Some of the options include rejecting the offending record, skipping it, or aborting the dataflow. Tip 3:     Email pattern expressions that might come in handy In the example schema that I am using, there’s a field for email.  Email addresses are often entered incorrectly because people are trying to avoid spam.  While there are a lot of different ways to define what constitutes a valid email address, a quick search online yields a couple of really useful regular expressions for validating email addresses: This one is short and sweet:  \b[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}\b (Source: http://www.regular-expressions.info/) This one is more specific about which characters are allowed:  ^([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.)|(([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(\]?)$ (Source: http://regexlib.com/REDetails.aspx?regexp_id=26 ) Tip 4:     Reject “dirty data” for analysis or further processing Yet another feature introduced in expressor Studio 3.2 is the ability to reject records based on constraint violations.  To capture reject records on input, simply specify Reject Record in the Error Handling setting for the Read File operator.  Then attach a Write File operator to the reject port of the Read File operator as such: Next, in the Write File operator, you can configure the expressor operator in a similar way to the Read File.  The key difference would be that the schema needs to be derived from the upstream operator as shown below: Once configured, expressor will output rejected records to the file you specified.  In addition to the rejected records, expressor also captures some diagnostic information that will be helpful towards identifying why the record was rejected.  This makes diagnosing errors much easier! Tip 5:    Use a Filter or Transform after the initial cleansing to finish the job Sometimes you may want to predicate the data cleansing on a more complex set of conditions.  For example, I may only be interested in processing data containing males over the age of 25 in certain zip codes.  Using an expressor Filter operator, you can define the conditional logic which isolates the records of importance away from the others. Alternatively, the expressor Transform operator can be used to alter the input value via a user defined algorithm or transformation.  It also supports the use of conditional logic and data can be rejected based on constraint violations. However, the best tip I can leave you with is to not constrain your solution design approach – expressor operators can be combined in many different ways to achieve the desired results.  For example, in the expressor Dataflow below, I can post-process the reject data from the Filter which did not meet my pre-defined criteria and, if successful, Funnel it back into the flow so that it gets written to the target table. I continue to be impressed that expressor offers all this functionality as part of their FREE expressor Studio desktop ETL tool, which you can download from here.  Their Studio ETL tool is absolutely free and they are very open about saying that if you want to deploy their software on a dedicated Windows Server, you need to purchase their server software, whose pricing is posted on their website. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Networking in VirtualBox

  - by Fat Bloke

  Networking in VirtualBox is extremely powerful, but can also be a bit daunting, so here's a quick overview of the different ways you can setup networking in VirtualBox, with a few pointers as to which configurations should be used and when. VirtualBox allows you to configure up to 8 virtual NICs (Network Interface Controllers) for each guest vm (although only 4 are exposed in the GUI) and for each of these NICs you can configure: Which virtualized NIC-type is exposed to the Guest. Examples include: Intel PRO/1000 MT Server (82545EM),  AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973, the default) or  a Paravirtualized network adapter (virtio-net). How the NIC operates with respect to your Host's physical networking. The main modes are: Network Address Translation (NAT) Bridged networking Internal networking Host-only networking NAT with Port-forwarding The choice of NIC-type comes down to whether the guest has drivers for that NIC.  VirtualBox, suggests a NIC based on the guest OS-type that you specify during creation of the vm, and you rarely need to modify this. But the choice of networking mode depends on how you want to use your vm (client or server) and whether you want other machines on your network to see it. So let's look at each mode in a bit more detail... Network Address Translation (NAT) This is the default mode for new vm's and works great in most situations when the Guest is a "client" type of vm. (i.e. most network connections are outbound). Here's how it works: When the guest OS boots,  it typically uses DHCP to get an IP address. VirtualBox will field this DHCP request and tell the guest OS its assigned IP address and the gateway address for routing outbound connections. In this mode, every vm is assigned the same IP address (10.0.2.15) because each vm thinks they are on their own isolated network. And when they send their traffic via the gateway (10.0.2.2) VirtualBox rewrites the packets to make them appear as though they originated from the Host, rather than the Guest (running inside the Host). This means that the Guest will work even as the Host moves from network to network (e.g. laptop moving between locations), and from wireless to wired connections too. However, how does another computer initiate a connection into a Guest?  e.g. connecting to a web server running in the Guest. This is not (normally) possible using NAT mode as there is no route into the Guest OS. So for vm's running servers we need a different networking mode.... Bridged Networking Bridged Networking is used when you want your vm to be a full network citizen, i.e. to be an equal to your host machine on the network. In this mode, a virtual NIC is "bridged" to a physical NIC on your host, like this: The effect of this is that each VM has access to the physical network in the same way as your host. It can access any service on the network such as external DHCP services, name lookup services, and routing information just as the host does. Logically, the network looks like this: The downside of this mode is that if you run many vm's you can quickly run out of IP addresses or your network administrator gets fed up with you asking for statically assigned IP addresses. Secondly, if your host has multiple physical NICs (e.g. Wireless and Wired) you must reconfigure the bridge when your host jumps networks.  Hmm, so what if you want to run servers in vm's but don't want to involve your network administrator? Maybe one of the next 2 modes is for you... Internal Networking When you configure one or more vm's to sit on an Internal network, VirtualBox ensures that all traffic on that network stays within the host and is only visible to vm's on that virtual network. Configuration looks like this: The internal network ( in this example "intnet" ) is a totally isolated network and so is very "quiet". This is good for testing when you need a separate, clean network, and you can create sophisticated internal networks with vm's that provide their own services to the internal network. (e.g. Active Directory, DHCP, etc). Note that not even the Host is a member of the internal network, but this mode allows vm's to function even when the Host is not connected to a network (e.g. on a plane). Note that in this mode, VirtualBox provides no "convenience" services such as DHCP, so your machines must be statically configured or one of the vm's needs to provide a DHCP/Name service. Multiple internal networks are possible and you can configure vm's to have multiple NICs to sit across internal and other network modes and thereby provide routes if needed. But all this sounds tricky. What if you want an Internal Network that the host participates on with VirtualBox providing IP addresses to the Guests? Ah, then for this, you might want to consider Host-only Networking... Host-only Networking Host-only Networking is like Internal Networking in that you indicate which network the Guest sits on, in this case, "vboxnet0": All vm's sitting on this "vboxnet0" network will see each other, and additionally, the host can see these vm's too. However, other external machines cannot see Guests on this network, hence the name "Host-only". Logically, the network looks like this: This looks very similar to Internal Networking but the host is now on "vboxnet0" and can provide DHCP services. To configure how a Host-only network behaves, look in the VirtualBox Manager...Preferences...Network dialog: Port-Forwarding with NAT Networking Now you may think that we've provided enough modes here to handle every eventuality but here's just one more... What if you cart around a mobile-demo or dev environment on, say, a laptop and you have one or more vm's that you need other machines to connect into? And you are continually hopping onto different (customer?) networks. In this scenario: NAT - won't work because external machines need to connect in. Bridged - possibly an option, but does your customer want you eating IP addresses and can your software cope with changing networks? Internal - we need the vm(s) to be visible on the network, so this is no good. Host-only - same problem as above, we want external machines to connect in to the vm's. Enter Port-forwarding to save the day! Configure your vm's to use NAT networking; Add Port Forwarding rules; External machines connect to "host":"port number" and connections are forwarded by VirtualBox to the guest:port number specified. For example, if your vm runs a web server on port 80, you could set up rules like this:  ...which reads: "any connections on port 8080 on the Host will be forwarded onto this vm's port 80".  This provides a mobile demo system which won't need re-configuring every time you open your laptop lid. Summary VirtualBox has a very powerful set of options allowing you to set up almost any configuration your heart desires. For more information, check out the VirtualBox User Manual on Virtual Networking. -FB 

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• On StringComparison Values

  - by Jesse

  When you use the .NET Framework’s String.Equals and String.Compare methods do you use an overloStringComparison enumeration value? If not, you should be because the value provided for that StringComparison argument can have a big impact on the results of your string comparison. The StringComparison enumeration defines values that fall into three different major categories: Culture-sensitive comparison using a specific culture, defaulted to the Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture value (StringComparison.CurrentCulture and StringComparison.CurrentCutlureIgnoreCase) Invariant culture comparison (StringComparison.InvariantCulture and StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) Ordinal (byte-by-byte) comparison of  (StringComparison.Ordinal and StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) There is a lot of great material available that detail the technical ins and outs of these different string comparison approaches. If you’re at all interested in the topic these two MSDN articles are worth a read: Best Practices For Using Strings in the .NET Framework: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd465121.aspx How To Compare Strings: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc165449.aspx Those articles cover the technical details of string comparison well enough that I’m not going to reiterate them here other than to say that the upshot is that you typically want to use the culture-sensitive comparison whenever you’re comparing strings that were entered by or will be displayed to users and the ordinal comparison in nearly all other cases. So where does that leave the invariant culture comparisons? The “Best Practices For Using Strings in the .NET Framework” article has the following to say: “On balance, the invariant culture has very few properties that make it useful for comparison. It does comparison in a linguistically relevant manner, which prevents it from guaranteeing full symbolic equivalence, but it is not the choice for display in any culture. One of the few reasons to use StringComparison.InvariantCulture for comparison is to persist ordered data for a cross-culturally identical display. For example, if a large data file that contains a list of sorted identifiers for display accompanies an application, adding to this list would require an insertion with invariant-style sorting.” I don’t know about you, but I feel like that paragraph is a bit lacking. Are there really any “real world” reasons to use the invariant culture comparison? I think the answer to this question is, “yes”, but in order to understand why we should first think about what the invariant culture comparison really does. The invariant culture comparison is really just a culture-sensitive comparison using a special invariant culture (Michael Kaplan has a great post on the history of the invariant culture on his blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/michkap/archive/2004/12/29/344136.aspx). This means that the invariant culture comparison will apply the linguistic customs defined by the invariant culture which are guaranteed not to differ between different machines or execution contexts. This sort of consistently does prove useful if you needed to maintain a list of strings that are sorted in a meaningful and consistent way regardless of the user viewing them or the machine on which they are being viewed. Example: Prototype Names Let’s say that you work for a large multi-national toy company with branch offices in 10 different countries. Each year the company would work on 15-25 new toy prototypes each of which is assigned a “code name” while it is under development. Coming up with fun new code names is a big part of the company culture that everyone really enjoys, so to be fair the CEO of the company spent a lot of time coming up with a prototype naming scheme that would be fun for everyone to participate in, fair to all of the different branch locations, and accessible to all members of the organization regardless of the country they were from and the language that they spoke. Each new prototype will get a code name that begins with a letter following the previously created name using the alphabetical order of the Latin/Roman alphabet. Each new year prototype names would start back at “A”. The country that leads the prototype development effort gets to choose the name in their native language. (An appropriate Romanization system will be used for countries where the primary language is not written in the Latin/Roman alphabet. For example, the Pinyin system could be used for Chinese). To avoid repeating names, a list of all current and past prototype names will be maintained on each branch location’s company intranet site. Assuming that maintaining a single pre-sorted list is not feasible among all of the highly distributed intranet implementations, what string comparison method would you use to sort each year’s list of prototype names so that the list is both meaningful and consistent regardless of the country within which the list is being viewed? Sorting the list with a culture-sensitive comparison using the default configured culture on each country’s intranet server the list would probably work most of the time, but subtle differences between cultures could mean that two different people would see a list that was sorted slightly differently. The CEO wants the prototype names to be a unifying aspect of company culture and is adamant that everyone see the the same list sorted in the same order and there’s no way to guarantee a consistent sort across different cultures using the culture-sensitive string comparison rules. The culture-sensitive sort would produce a meaningful list for the specific user viewing it, but it wouldn’t always be consistent between different users. Sorting with the ordinal comparison would certainly be consistent regardless of the user viewing it, but would it be meaningful? Let’s say that the current year’s prototype name list looks like this: Antílope (Spanish) Babouin (French) Cahoun (Czech) Diamond (English) Flosse (German) If you were to sort this list using ordinal rules you’d end up with: Antílope Babouin Diamond Flosse Cahoun This sort is no good because the entry for “C” appears the bottom of the list after “F”. This is because the Czech entry for the letter “C” makes use of a diacritic (accent mark). The ordinal string comparison does a byte-by-byte comparison of the code points that make up each character in the string and the code point for the “C” with the diacritic mark is higher than any letter without a diacritic mark, which pushes that entry to the bottom of the sorted list. The CEO wants each country to be able to create prototype names in their native language, which means we need to allow for names that might begin with letters that have diacritics, so ordinal sorting kills the meaningfulness of the list. As it turns out, this situation is actually well-suited for the invariant culture comparison. The invariant culture accounts for linguistically relevant factors like the use of diacritics but will provide a consistent sort across all machines that perform the sort. Now that we’ve walked through this example, the following line from the “Best Practices For Using Strings in the .NET Framework” makes a lot more sense: One of the few reasons to use StringComparison.InvariantCulture for comparison is to persist ordered data for a cross-culturally identical display That line describes the prototype name example perfectly: we need a way to persist ordered data for a cross-culturally identical display. While this example is 100% made-up, I think it illustrates that there are indeed real-world situations where the invariant culture comparison is useful.

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• Documenting C# Library using GhostDoc and SandCastle

  - by sreejukg

  Documentation is an essential part of any IT project, especially when you are creating reusable components that will be used by other developers (such as class libraries). Without documentation re-using a class library is almost impossible. Just think of coding .net applications without MSDN documentation (Ooops I can’t think of it). Normally developers, who know the bits and pieces of their classes, see this as a boring work to write details again to generate the documentation. Also the amount of work to make this and manage it changes made the process of manual creation of Documentation impossible or tedious. So what is the effective solution? Let me divide this into two steps 1. Generate comments for your code while you are writing the code. 2. Create documentation file using these comments. Now I am going to examine these processes. Step 1: Generate XML Comments automatically Most of the developers write comments for their code. The best thing is that the comments will be entered during the development process. Additionally comments give a good reference to the code, make your code more manageable/readable. Later these comments can be converted into documentation, along with your source code by identifying properties and methods I found an add-in for visual studio, GhostDoc that automatically generates XML documentation comments for C#. The add-in is available in Visual Studio Gallery at MSDN. You can download this from the url http://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/46A20578-F0D5-4B1E-B55D-F001A6345748. I downloaded the free version from the above url. The free version suits my requirement. There is a professional version (you need to pay some $ for this) available that gives you some more features. I found the free version itself suits my requirements. The installation process is straight forward. A couple of clicks will do the work for you. The best thing with GhostDoc is that it supports multiple versions of visual studio such as 2005, 2008 and 2010. After Installing GhostDoc, when you start Visual studio, the GhostDoc configuration dialog will appear. The first screen asks you to assign a hot key, pressing this hotkey will enter the comment to your code file with the necessary structure required by GhostDoc. Click Assign to go to the next step where you configure the rules for generating the documentation from the code file. Click Create to start creating the rules. Click finish button to close this wizard. Now you performed the necessary configuration required by GhostDoc. Now In Visual Studio tools menu you can find the GhostDoc that gives you some options. Now let us examine how GhostDoc generate comments for a method. I have write the below code in my code behind file. public Char GetChar(string str, int pos) { return str[pos]; } Now I need to generate the comments for this function. Select the function and enter the hot key assigned during the configuration. GhostDoc will generate the comments as follows. /// <summary> /// Gets the char. /// </summary> /// <param name="str">The STR.</param> /// <param name="pos">The pos.</param> /// <returns></returns> public Char GetChar(string str, int pos) { return str[pos]; } So this is a very handy tool that helps developers writing comments easily. You can generate the xml documentation file separately while compiling the project. This will be done by the C# compiler. You can enable the xml documentation creation option (checkbox) under Project properties -> Build tab. Now when you compile, the xml file will created under the bin folder. Step 2: Generate the documentation from the XML file Now you have generated the xml file documentation. Sandcastle is the tool from Microsoft that generates MSDN style documentation from the compiler produced XML file. The project is available in codeplex http://sandcastle.codeplex.com/. Download and install Sandcastle to your computer. Sandcastle is a command line tool that doesn’t have a rich GUI. If you want to automate the documentation generation, definitely you will be using the command line tools. Since I want to generate the documentation from the xml file generated in the previous step, I was expecting a GUI where I can see the options. There is a GUI available for Sandcastle called Sandcastle Help File Builder. See the link to the project in codeplex. http://www.codeplex.com/wikipage?ProjectName=SHFB. You need to install Sandcastle and then the Sandcastle Help file builder. From here I assume that you have installed both sandcastle and Sandcastle help file builder successfully. Once you installed the help file builder, it will be available in your all programs list. Click on the Sandcastle Help File Builder GUI, will launch application. First you need to create a project. Click on File -> New project The New project dialog will appear. Choose a folder to store your project file and give a name for your documentation project. Click the save button. Now you will see your project properties. Now from the Project explorer, right click on the Documentation Sources, Click on the Add Documentation Source link. A documentation source is a file such as an assembly or a Visual Studio solution or project from which information will be extracted to produce API documentation. From the Add Documentation source dialog, I have selected the XML file generated by my project. Once you add the xml file to the project, you will see the dll file automatically added by the help file builder. Now click on the build button. Now the application will generate the help file. The Build window gives to the result of each steps. Once the process completed successfully, you will have the following output in the build window. Now navigate to your Help Project (I have selected the folder My Documents\Documentation), inside help folder, you can find the chm file. Open the chm file will give you MSDN like documentation. Documentation is an important part of development life cycle. Sandcastle with GhostDoc make this process easier so that developers can implement the documentation in the projects with simple to use steps.

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• European Interoperability Framework - a new beginning?

  - by trond-arne.undheim

  The most controversial document in the history of the European Commission's IT policy is out. EIF is here, wrapped in the Communication "Towards interoperability for European public services", and including the new feature European Interoperability Strategy (EIS), arguably a higher strategic take on the same topic. Leaving EIS aside for a moment, the EIF controversy has been around IPR, defining open standards and about the proper terminology around standardization deliverables. Today, as the document finally emerges, what is the verdict? First of all, to be fair to those among you who do not spend your lives in the intricate labyrinths of Commission IT policy documents on interoperability, let's define what we are talking about. According to the Communication: "An interoperability framework is an agreed approach to interoperability for organisations that want to collaborate to provide joint delivery of public services. Within its scope of applicability, it specifies common elements such as vocabulary, concepts, principles, policies, guidelines, recommendations, standards, specifications and practices." The Good - EIF reconfirms that "The Digital Agenda can only take off if interoperability based on standards and open platforms is ensured" and also confirms that "The positive effect of open specifications is also demonstrated by the Internet ecosystem." - EIF takes a productive and pragmatic stance on openness: "In the context of the EIF, openness is the willingness of persons, organisations or other members of a community of interest to share knowledge and stimulate debate within that community, the ultimate goal being to advance knowledge and the use of this knowledge to solve problems" (p.11). "If the openness principle is applied in full: - All stakeholders have the same possibility of contributing to the development of the specification and public review is part of the decision-making process; - The specification is available for everybody to study; - Intellectual property rights related to the specification are licensed on FRAND terms or on a royalty-free basis in a way that allows implementation in both proprietary and open source software" (p. 26). - EIF is a formal Commission document. The former EIF 1.0 was a semi-formal deliverable from the PEGSCO, a working group of Member State representatives. - EIF tackles interoperability head-on and takes a clear stance: "Recommendation 22. When establishing European public services, public administrations should prefer open specifications, taking due account of the coverage of functional needs, maturity and market support." - The Commission will continue to support the National Interoperability Framework Observatory (NIFO), reconfirming the importance of coordinating such approaches across borders. - The Commission will align its internal interoperability strategy with the EIS through the eCommission initiative. - One cannot stress the importance of using open standards enough, whether in the context of open source or non-open source software. The EIF seems to have picked up on this fact: What does the EIF says about the relation between open specifications and open source software? The EIF introduces, as one of the characteristics of an open specification, the requirement that IPRs related to the specification have to be licensed on FRAND terms or on a royalty-free basis in a way that allows implementation in both proprietary and open source software. In this way, companies working under various business models can compete on an equal footing when providing solutions to public administrations while administrations that implement the standard in their own software (software that they own) can share such software with others under an open source licence if they so decide. - EIF is now among the center pieces of the Digital Agenda (even though this demands extensive inter-agency coordination in the Commission): "The EIS and the EIF will be maintained under the ISA Programme and kept in line with the results of other relevant Digital Agenda actions on interoperability and standards such as the ones on the reform of rules on implementation of ICT standards in Europe to allow use of certain ICT fora and consortia standards, on issuing guidelines on essential intellectual property rights and licensing conditions in standard-setting, including for ex-ante disclosure, and on providing guidance on the link between ICT standardisation and public procurement to help public authorities to use standards to promote efficiency and reduce lock-in.(Communication, p.7)" All in all, quite a few good things have happened to the document in the two years it has been on the shelf or was being re-written, depending on your perspective, in any case, awaiting the storms to calm. The Bad - While a certain pragmatism is required, and governments cannot migrate to full openness overnight, EIF gives a bit too much room for governments not to apply the openness principle in full. Plenty of reasons are given, which should maybe have been put as challenges to be overcome: "However, public administrations may decide to use less open specifications, if open specifications do not exist or do not meet functional interoperability needs. In all cases, specifications should be mature and sufficiently supported by the market, except if used in the context of creating innovative solutions". - EIF does not use the internationally established terminology: open standards. Rather, the EIF introduces the notion of "formalised specification". How do "formalised specifications" relate to "standards"? According to the FAQ provided: The word "standard" has a specific meaning in Europe as defined by Directive 98/34/EC. Only technical specifications approved by a recognised standardisation body can be called a standard. Many ICT systems rely on the use of specifications developed by other organisations such as a forum or consortium. The EIF introduces the notion of "formalised specification", which is either a standard pursuant to Directive 98/34/EC or a specification established by ICT fora and consortia. The term "open specification" used in the EIF, on the one hand, avoids terminological confusion with the Directive and, on the other, states the main features that comply with the basic principle of openness laid down in the EIF for European Public Services. Well, this may be somewhat true, but in reality, Europe is 30 year behind in terminology. Unless the European Standardization Reform gets completed in the next few months, most Member States will likely conclude that they will go on referencing and using standards beyond those created by the three European endorsed monopolists of standardization, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. Who can afford to begin following the strict Brussels rules for what they can call open standards when, in reality, standards stemming from global standardization organizations, so-called fora/consortia, dominate in the IT industry. What exactly is EIF saying? Does it encourage Member States to go on using non-ESO standards as long as they call it something else? I guess I am all for it, although it is a bit cumbersome, no? Why was there so much interest around the EIF? The FAQ attempts to explain: Some Member States have begun to adopt policies to achieve interoperability for their public services. These actions have had a significant impact on the ecosystem built around the provision of such services, e.g. providers of ICT goods and services, standardisation bodies, industry fora and consortia, etc... The Commission identified a clear need for action at European level to ensure that actions by individual Member States would not create new electronic barriers that would hinder the development of interoperable European public services. As a result, all stakeholders involved in the delivery of electronic public services in Europe have expressed their opinions on how to increase interoperability for public services provided by the different public administrations in Europe. Well, it does not take two years to read 50 consultation documents, and the EU Standardization Reform is not yet completed, so, more pragmatically, you finally had to release the document. Ok, let's leave some of that aside because the document is out and some people are happy (and others definitely not). The Verdict Considering the controversy, the delays, the lobbying, and the interests at stake both in the EU, in Member States and among vendors large and small, this document is pretty impressive. As with a good wine that has not yet come to full maturity, let's say that it seems to be coming in in the 85-88/100 range, but only a more fine-grained analysis, enjoyment in good company, and ultimately, implementation, will tell. The European Commission has today adopted a significant interoperability initiative to encourage public administrations across the EU to maximise the social and economic potential of information and communication technologies. Today, we should rally around this achievement. Tomorrow, let's sit down and figure out what it means for the future.

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• Granular Clipboard Control in Oracle IRM

  - by martin.abrahams

  One of the main leak prevention controls that customers are looking for is clipboard control. After all, there is little point in controlling access to a document if authorised users can simply make unprotected copies by use of the cut and paste mechanism. Oddly, for such a fundamental requirement, many solutions only offer very simplistic clipboard control - and require the customer to make an awkward choice between usability and security. In many cases, clipboard control is simply an ON-OFF option. By turning the clipboard OFF, you disable one of the most valuable edit functions known to man. Try working for any length of time without copying and pasting, and you'll soon appreciate how valuable that function is. Worse, some solutions disable the clipboard completely - not just for the protected document but for all of the various applications you have open at the time. Normal service is only resumed when you close the protected document. In this way, policy enforcement bleeds out of the particular assets you need to protect and interferes with the entire user experience. On the other hand, turning the clipboard ON satisfies a fundamental usability requirement - but also makes it really easy for users to create unprotected copies of sensitive information, maliciously or otherwise. All they need to do is paste into another document. If creating unprotected copies is this simple, you have to question how much you are really gaining by applying protection at all. You may not be allowed to edit, forward, or print the protected asset, but all you need to do is create a copy and work with that instead. And that activity would not be tracked in any way. So, a simple ON-OFF control creates a real tension between usability and security. If you are only using IRM on a small scale, perhaps security can outweigh usability - the business can put up with the restriction if it only applies to a handful of important documents. But try extending protection to large numbers of documents and large user communities, and the restriction rapidly becomes really unwelcome. I am aware of one solution that takes a different tack. Rather than disable the clipboard, pasting is always permitted, but protection is automatically applied to any document that you paste into. At first glance, this sounds great - protection travels with the content. However, at any scale this model may not be so appealing once you've had to deal with support calls from users who have accidentally applied protection to documents that really don't need it - which would be all too easily done. This may help control leakage, but it also pollutes the system with documents that have policies applied with no obvious rhyme or reason, and it can seriously inconvenience the business by making non-sensitive documents difficult to access. And what policy applies if you paste some protected content into an already protected document? Which policy applies? There are no prizes for guessing that Oracle IRM takes a rather different approach. The Oracle IRM Approach Oracle IRM offers a spectrum of clipboard controls between the extremes of ON and OFF, and it leverages the classification-based rights model to give granular control that satisfies both security and usability needs. Firstly, we take it for granted that if you have EDIT rights, of course you can use the clipboard within a given document. Why would we force you to retype a piece of content that you want to move from HERE... to HERE...? If the pasted content remains in the same document, it is equally well protected whether it be at the beginning, middle, or end - or all three. So, the first point is that Oracle IRM always enables the clipboard if you have the right to edit the file. Secondly, whether we enable or disable the clipboard, we only affect the protected document. That is, you can continue to use the clipboard in the usual way for unprotected documents and applications regardless of whether the clipboard is enabled or disabled for the protected document(s). And if you have multiple protected documents open, each may have the clipboard enabled or disabled independently, according to whether you have Edit rights for each. So, even for the simplest cases - the ON-OFF cases - Oracle IRM adds value by containing the effect to the protected documents rather than to the whole desktop environment. Now to the granular options between ON and OFF. Thanks to our classification model, we can define rights that enable pasting between documents in the same classification - ie. between documents that are protected by the same policy. So, if you are working on this month's financial report and you want to pull some data from last month's report, you can simply cut and paste between the two documents. The two documents are classified the same way, subject to the same policy, so the content is equally safe in both documents. However, if you try to paste the same data into an unprotected document or a document in a different classification, you can be prevented. Thus, the control balances legitimate user requirements to allow pasting with legitimate information security concerns to keep data protected. We can take this further. You may have the right to paste between related classifications of document. So, the CFO might want to copy some financial data into a board document, where the two documents are sealed to different classifications. The CFO's rights may well allow this, as it is a reasonable thing for a CFO to want to do. But policy might prevent the CFO from copying the same data into a classification that is accessible to external parties. The above option, to copy between classifications, may be for specific classifications or open-ended. That is, your rights might enable you to go from A to B but not to C, or you might be allowed to paste to any classification subject to your EDIT rights. As for so many features of Oracle IRM, our classification-based rights model makes this type of granular control really easy to manage - you simply define that pasting is permitted between classifications A and B, but omit C. Or you might define that pasting is permitted between all classifications, but not to unprotected locations. The classification model enables millions of documents to be controlled by a few such rules. Finally, you MIGHT have the option to paste anywhere - such that unprotected copies may be created. This is rare, but a legitimate configuration for some users, some use cases, and some classifications - but not something that you have to permit simply because the alternative is too restrictive. As always, these rights are defined in user roles - so different users are subject to different clipboard controls as required in different classifications. So, where most solutions offer just two clipboard options - ON-OFF or ON-but-encrypt-everything-you-touch - Oracle IRM offers real granularity that leverages our classification model. Indeed, I believe it is the lack of a classification model that makes such granularity impractical for other IRM solutions, because the matrix of rules for controlling pasting would be impossible to manage - there are so many documents to consider, and more are being created all the time.

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• C# Extension Methods - To Extend or Not To Extend...

  - by James Michael Hare

  I've been thinking a lot about extension methods lately, and I must admit I both love them and hate them. They are a lot like sugar, they taste so nice and sweet, but they'll rot your teeth if you eat them too much.   I can't deny that they aren't useful and very handy. One of the major components of the Shared Component library where I work is a set of useful extension methods. But, I also can't deny that they tend to be overused and abused to willy-nilly extend every living type.   So what constitutes a good extension method? Obviously, you can write an extension method for nearly anything whether it is a good idea or not. Many times, in fact, an idea seems like a good extension method but in retrospect really doesn't fit.   So what's the litmus test? To me, an extension method should be like in the movies when a person runs into their twin, separated at birth. You just know you're related. Obviously, that's hard to quantify, so let's try to put a few rules-of-thumb around them.   A good extension method should:     Apply to any possible instance of the type it extends.     Simplify logic and improve readability/maintainability.     Apply to the most specific type or interface applicable.     Be isolated in a namespace so that it does not pollute IntelliSense.     So let's look at a few examples in relation to these rules.   The first rule, to me, is the most important of all. Once again, it bears repeating, a good extension method should apply to all possible instances of the type it extends. It should feel like the long lost relative that should have been included in the original class but somehow was missing from the family tree.    Take this nifty little int extension, I saw this once in a blog and at first I really thought it was pretty cool, but then I started noticing a code smell I couldn't quite put my finger on. So let's look:       public static class IntExtensinos     {         public static int Seconds(int num)         {             return num * 1000;         }           public static int Minutes(int num)         {             return num * 60000;         }     }     This is so you could do things like:       ...     Thread.Sleep(5.Seconds());     ...     proxy.Timeout = 1.Minutes();     ...     Awww, you say, that's cute! Well, that's the problem, it's kitschy and it doesn't always apply (and incidentally you could achieve the same thing with TimeStamp.FromSeconds(5)). It's syntactical candy that looks cool, but tends to rot and pollute the code. It would allow things like:       total += numberOfTodaysOrders.Seconds();     which makes no sense and should never be allowed. The problem is you're applying an extension method to a logical domain, not a type domain. That is, the extension method Seconds() doesn't really apply to ALL ints, it applies to ints that are representative of time that you want to convert to milliseconds.    Do you see what I mean? The two problems, in a nutshell, are that a) Seconds() called off a non-time value makes no sense and b) calling Seconds() off something to pass to something that does not take milliseconds will be off by a factor of 1000 or worse.   Thus, in my mind, you should only ever have an extension method that applies to the whole domain of that type.   For example, this is one of my personal favorites:       public static bool IsBetween<T>(this T value, T low, T high)         where T : IComparable<T>     {         return value.CompareTo(low) >= 0 && value.CompareTo(high) <= 0;     }   This allows you to check if any IComparable<T> is within an upper and lower bound. Think of how many times you type something like:       if (response.Employee.Address.YearsAt >= 2         && response.Employee.Address.YearsAt <= 10)     {     ...     }     Now, you can instead type:       if(response.Employee.Address.YearsAt.IsBetween(2, 10))     {     ...     }     Note that this applies to all IComparable<T> -- that's ints, chars, strings, DateTime, etc -- and does not depend on any logical domain. In addition, it satisfies the second point and actually makes the code more readable and maintainable.   Let's look at the third point. In it we said that an extension method should fit the most specific interface or type possible. Now, I'm not saying if you have something that applies to enumerables, you create an extension for List, Array, Dictionary, etc (though you may have reasons for doing so), but that you should beware of making things TOO general.   For example, let's say we had an extension method like this:       public static T ConvertTo<T>(this object value)     {         return (T)Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));     }         This lets you do more fluent conversions like:       double d = "5.0".ConvertTo<double>();     However, if you dig into Reflector (LOVE that tool) you will see that if the type you are calling on does not implement IConvertible, what you convert to MUST be the exact type or it will throw an InvalidCastException. Now this may or may not be what you want in this situation, and I leave that up to you. Things like this would fail:       object value = new Employee();     ...     // class cast exception because typeof(IEmployee) != typeof(Employee)     IEmployee emp = value.ConvertTo<IEmployee>();       Yes, that's a downfall of working with Convertible in general, but if you wanted your fluent interface to be more type-safe so that ConvertTo were only callable on IConvertibles (and let casting be a manual task), you could easily make it:         public static T ConvertTo<T>(this IConvertible value)     {         return (T)Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));     }         This is what I mean by choosing the best type to extend. Consider that if we used the previous (object) version, every time we typed a dot ('.') on an instance we'd pull up ConvertTo() whether it was applicable or not. By filtering our extension method down to only valid types (those that implement IConvertible) we greatly reduce our IntelliSense pollution and apply a good level of compile-time correctness.   Now my fourth rule is just my general rule-of-thumb. Obviously, you can make extension methods as in-your-face as you want. I included all mine in my work libraries in its own sub-namespace, something akin to:       namespace Shared.Core.Extensions { ... }     This is in a library called Shared.Core, so just referencing the Core library doesn't pollute your IntelliSense, you have to actually do a using on Shared.Core.Extensions to bring the methods in. This is very similar to the way Microsoft puts its extension methods in System.Linq. This way, if you want 'em, you use the appropriate namespace. If you don't want 'em, they won't pollute your namespace.   To really make this work, however, that namespace should only include extension methods and subordinate types those extensions themselves may use. If you plant other useful classes in those namespaces, once a user includes it, they get all the extensions too.   Also, just as a personal preference, extension methods that aren't simply syntactical shortcuts, I like to put in a static utility class and then have extension methods for syntactical candy. For instance, I think it imaginable that any object could be converted to XML:       namespace Shared.Core     {         // A collection of XML Utility classes         public static class XmlUtility         {             ...             // Serialize an object into an xml string             public static string ToXml(object input)             {                 var xs = new XmlSerializer(input.GetType());                   // use new UTF8Encoding here, not Encoding.UTF8. The later includes                 // the BOM which screws up subsequent reads, the former does not.                 using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())                 using (var xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(memoryStream, new UTF8Encoding()))                 {                     xs.Serialize(xmlTextWriter, input);                     return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(memoryStream.ToArray());                 }             }             ...         }     }   I also wanted to be able to call this from an object like:       value.ToXml();     But here's the problem, if i made this an extension method from the start with that one little keyword "this", it would pop into IntelliSense for all objects which could be very polluting. Instead, I put the logic into a utility class so that users have the choice of whether or not they want to use it as just a class and not pollute IntelliSense, then in my extensions namespace, I add the syntactical candy:       namespace Shared.Core.Extensions     {         public static class XmlExtensions         {             public static string ToXml(this object value)             {                 return XmlUtility.ToXml(value);             }         }     }   So now it's the best of both worlds. On one hand, they can use the utility class if they don't want to pollute IntelliSense, and on the other hand they can include the Extensions namespace and use as an extension if they want. The neat thing is it also adheres to the Single Responsibility Principle. The XmlUtility is responsible for converting objects to XML, and the XmlExtensions is responsible for extending object's interface for ToXml().

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• SortedDictionary and SortedList

  - by Simon Cooper

  Apart from Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, there's two other dictionaries in the BCL - SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue> and SortedList<TKey, TValue>. On the face of it, these two classes do the same thing - provide an IDictionary<TKey, TValue> interface where the iterator returns the items sorted by the key. So what's the difference between them, and when should you use one rather than the other? (as in my previous post, I'll assume you have some basic algorithm & datastructure knowledge) SortedDictionary We'll first cover SortedDictionary. This is implemented as a special sort of binary tree called a red-black tree. Essentially, it's a binary tree that uses various constraints on how the nodes of the tree can be arranged to ensure the tree is always roughly balanced (for more gory algorithmical details, see the wikipedia link above). What I'm concerned about in this post is how the .NET SortedDictionary is actually implemented. In .NET 4, behind the scenes, the actual implementation of the tree is delegated to a SortedSet<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>. One example tree might look like this: Each node in the above tree is stored as a separate SortedSet<T>.Node object (remember, in a SortedDictionary, T is instantiated to KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>): class Node { public bool IsRed; public T Item; public SortedSet<T>.Node Left; public SortedSet<T>.Node Right; } The SortedSet only stores a reference to the root node; all the data in the tree is accessed by traversing the Left and Right node references until you reach the node you're looking for. Each individual node can be physically stored anywhere in memory; what's important is the relationship between the nodes. This is also why there is no constructor to SortedDictionary or SortedSet that takes an integer representing the capacity; there are no internal arrays that need to be created and resized. This may seen trivial, but it's an important distinction between SortedDictionary and SortedList that I'll cover later on. And that's pretty much it; it's a standard red-black tree. Plenty of webpages and datastructure books cover the algorithms behind the tree itself far better than I could. What's interesting is the comparions between SortedDictionary and SortedList, which I'll cover at the end. As a side point, SortedDictionary has existed in the BCL ever since .NET 2. That means that, all through .NET 2, 3, and 3.5, there has been a bona-fide sorted set class in the BCL (called TreeSet). However, it was internal, so it couldn't be used outside System.dll. Only in .NET 4 was this class exposed as SortedSet. SortedList Whereas SortedDictionary didn't use any backing arrays, SortedList does. It is implemented just as the name suggests; two arrays, one containing the keys, and one the values (I've just used random letters for the values): The items in the keys array are always guarenteed to be stored in sorted order, and the value corresponding to each key is stored in the same index as the key in the values array. In this example, the value for key item 5 is 'z', and for key item 8 is 'm'. Whenever an item is inserted or removed from the SortedList, a binary search is run on the keys array to find the correct index, then all the items in the arrays are shifted to accomodate the new or removed item. For example, if the key 3 was removed, a binary search would be run to find the array index the item was at, then everything above that index would be moved down by one: and then if the key/value pair {7, 'f'} was added, a binary search would be run on the keys to find the index to insert the new item, and everything above that index would be moved up to accomodate the new item: If another item was then added, both arrays would be resized (to a length of 10) before the new item was added to the arrays. As you can see, any insertions or removals in the middle of the list require a proportion of the array contents to be moved; an O(n) operation. However, if the insertion or removal is at the end of the array (ie the largest key), then it's only O(log n); the cost of the binary search to determine it does actually need to be added to the end (excluding the occasional O(n) cost of resizing the arrays to fit more items). As a side effect of using backing arrays, SortedList offers IList Keys and Values views that simply use the backing keys or values arrays, as well as various methods utilising the array index of stored items, which SortedDictionary does not (and cannot) offer. The Comparison So, when should you use one and not the other? Well, here's the important differences: Memory usage SortedDictionary and SortedList have got very different memory profiles. SortedDictionary... has a memory overhead of one object instance, a bool, and two references per item. On 64-bit systems, this adds up to ~40 bytes, not including the stored item and the reference to it from the Node object. stores the items in separate objects that can be spread all over the heap. This helps to keep memory fragmentation low, as the individual node objects can be allocated wherever there's a spare 60 bytes. In contrast, SortedList... has no additional overhead per item (only the reference to it in the array entries), however the backing arrays can be significantly larger than you need; every time the arrays are resized they double in size. That means that if you add 513 items to a SortedList, the backing arrays will each have a length of 1024. To conteract this, the TrimExcess method resizes the arrays back down to the actual size needed, or you can simply assign list.Capacity = list.Count. stores its items in a continuous block in memory. If the list stores thousands of items, this can cause significant problems with Large Object Heap memory fragmentation as the array resizes, which SortedDictionary doesn't have. Performance Operations on a SortedDictionary always have O(log n) performance, regardless of where in the collection you're adding or removing items. In contrast, SortedList has O(n) performance when you're altering the middle of the collection. If you're adding or removing from the end (ie the largest item), then performance is O(log n), same as SortedDictionary (in practice, it will likely be slightly faster, due to the array items all being in the same area in memory, also called locality of reference). So, when should you use one and not the other? As always with these sort of things, there are no hard-and-fast rules. But generally, if you: need to access items using their index within the collection are populating the dictionary all at once from sorted data aren't adding or removing keys once it's populated then use a SortedList. But if you: don't know how many items are going to be in the dictionary are populating the dictionary from random, unsorted data are adding & removing items randomly then use a SortedDictionary. The default (again, there's no definite rules on these sort of things!) should be to use SortedDictionary, unless there's a good reason to use SortedList, due to the bad performance of SortedList when altering the middle of the collection.

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• Using JQuery tabs in an HTML 5 page

  - by nikolaosk

  In this post I will show you how to create a simple tabbed interface using JQuery,HTML 5 and CSS.Make sure you have downloaded the latest version of JQuery (minified version) from http://jquery.com/download.Please find here all my posts regarding JQuery.Also have a look at my posts regarding HTML 5.In order to be absolutely clear this is not (and could not be) a detailed tutorial on HTML 5. There are other great resources for that.Navigate to the excellent interactive tutorials of W3School.Another excellent resource is HTML 5 Doctor.Two very nice sites that show you what features and specifications are implemented by various browsers and their versions are http://caniuse.com/ and http://html5test.com/. At this times Chrome seems to support most of HTML 5 specifications.Another excellent way to find out if the browser supports HTML 5 and CSS 3 features is to use the Javascript lightweight library Modernizr.In this hands-on example I will be using Expression Web 4.0.This application is not a free application. You can use any HTML editor you like.You can use Visual Studio 2012 Express edition. You can download it here. Let me move on to the actual example.This is the sample HTML 5 page<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">  <head>    <title>Liverpool Legends</title>    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" >    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">    <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.8.2.min.js"> </script>     <script type="text/javascript" src="tabs.js"></script>       </head>  <body>    <header>        <h1>Liverpool Legends</h1>    </header>     <section id="tabs">        <ul>            <li><a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/controlpanel/blogs/posteditor.aspx?SelectedNavItem=Posts§ionid=1153&postid=9143136#first-tab">Defenders</a></li>            <li><a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/controlpanel/blogs/posteditor.aspx?SelectedNavItem=Posts§ionid=1153&postid=9143136#second-tab">Midfielders</a></li>            <li><a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/controlpanel/blogs/posteditor.aspx?SelectedNavItem=Posts§ionid=1153&postid=9143136#third-tab">Strikers</a></li>        </ul>   <div id="first-tab">     <h3>Liverpool Defenders</h3>     <p> The best defenders that played for Liverpool are Jamie Carragher, Sami Hyypia , Ron Yeats and Alan Hansen.</p>   </div>   <div id="second-tab">     <h3>Liverpool Midfielders</h3>     <p> The best midfielders that played for Liverpool are Kenny Dalglish, John Barnes,Ian Callaghan,Steven Gerrard and Jan Molby.        </p>   </div>   <div id="third-tab">     <h3>Liverpool Strikers</h3>     <p>The best strikers that played for Liverpool are Ian Rush,Roger Hunt,Robbie Fowler and Fernando Torres.<br/>      </p>   </div> </div></section>            <footer>        <p>All Rights Reserved</p>      </footer>     </body>  </html>  This is very simple HTML markup. I have styled this markup using CSS.The contents of the style.css file follow* {    margin: 0;    padding: 0;}header{font-family:Tahoma;font-size:1.3em;color:#505050;text-align:center;}#tabs {    font-size: 0.9em;    margin: 20px 0;}#tabs ul {    float: left;    background: #777;    width: 260px;    padding-top: 24px;}#tabs li {    margin-left: 8px;    list-style: none;}* html #tabs li {    display: inline;}#tabs li, #tabs li a {    float: left;}#tabs ul li.active {    border-top:2px red solid;    background: #15ADFF;}#tabs ul li.active a {    color: #333333;}#tabs div {    background: #15ADFF;    clear: both;    padding: 15px;    min-height: 200px;}#tabs div h3 {    margin-bottom: 12px;}#tabs div p {    line-height: 26px;}#tabs ul li a {    text-decoration: none;    padding: 8px;    color:#0b2f20;    font-weight: bold;}footer{background-color:#999;width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:1.1em;color:#002233;}There are some CSS rules that style the various elements in the HTML 5 file. These are straight-forward rules. The JQuery code lives inside the tabs.js file $(document).ready(function(){$('#tabs div').hide();$('#tabs div:first').show();$('#tabs ul li:first').addClass('active'); $('#tabs ul li a').click(function(){$('#tabs ul li').removeClass('active');$(this).parent().addClass('active');var currentTab = $(this).attr('href');$('#tabs div').hide();$(currentTab).show();return false;});}); I am using some of the most commonly used JQuery functions like hide , show, addclass , removeClass I hide and show the tabs when the tab becomes the active tab. When I view my page I get the following result Hope it helps!!!!!

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• Answers to Your Common Oracle Database Lifecycle Management Questions

  - by Scott McNeil

  We recently ran a live webcast on Strategies for Managing Oracle Database's Lifecycle. There were tons of questions from our audience that we simply could not get to during the hour long presentation. Below are some of those questions along with their answers. Enjoy! Question: In the webcast the presenter talked about “gold” configuration standards, for those who want to use this technique, could you recommend a best practice to consider or follow? How do I get started? Answer:Gold configuration standardization is a quick and easy way to improve availability through consistency. Start by choosing a reference database and saving the configuration to the Oracle Enterprise Manager repository using the Save Configuration feature. Next create a comparison template using the Oracle provided template as a starting point and modify the ignored properties to eliminate expected differences in your environment. Finally create a comparison specification using the comparison template you created plus your saved gold configuration and schedule it to run on a regular basis. Don’t forget to fill in the email addresses of those you want to notify upon drift detection. Watch the database configuration management demo to learn more. Question: Can Oracle Lifecycle Management Pack for Database help with patching an Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC) environment? Answer: Yes, Oracle Enterprise Manager supports both parallel and rolling patch application of Oracle Real Application Clusters. The use of rolling patching is recommended as there is no downtime involved. For more details watch this demo. Question: What are some of the things administrators can do to control configuration drift? Why is it important? Answer:Configuration drift is one of the main causes of instability and downtime of applications. Oracle Enterprise Manager makes it easy to manage and control drift using scheduled configuration comparisons combined with comparison templates. Question: Does Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Release 2 offer an incremental update feature for "gold" images? For instance, if the source binary has a higher PSU level, what is the best approach to update the existing "gold" image in the software library? Do you have to create a new image or can you just update the original one? Answer:Provisioning Profiles (Gold images) can contain the installation files and database configuration templates. Although it is possible to make some changes to the profile after creation (mainly to configuration), it is normally recommended to simply create a new profile after applying a patch to your reference database. Question: The webcast talked about enforcing in-house standards, does Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c offer verification of your databases and systems to those standards? For example, the initial "gold" image has been massively deployed over time, and there may be some changes to it. How can you do regular checks from Enterprise Manager to ensure the in-house standards are being enforced? Answer:There are really two methods to validate conformity to standards. The first method is to use gold standards which you compare other databases to report unwanted differences. This method uses a new comparison template technology which allows users to ignore known differences (i.e. SID, Start time, etc) which results in a report only showing important or non-conformant differences. This method is quick to setup and configure and recommended for those who want to get started validating compliance quickly. The second method leverages the new compliance framework which allows the creation of specific and robust validations. These compliance rules are grouped into standards which can be assigned to databases quickly and easily. Compliance rules allow for targeted and more sophisticated validation beyond the basic equals operation available in the comparison method. The compliance framework can be used to implement just about any internal or industry standard. The compliance results will track current and historic compliance scores at the overall and individual database targets. When the issue is resolved, the score is automatically affected. Compliance framework is the recommended long term solution for validating compliance using Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c. Check out this demo on database compliance to learn more. Question: If you are using the integration between Oracle Enterprise Manager and My Oracle Support in an "offline" mode, how do you know if you have the latest My Oracle Support metadata? Answer:In Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Release 2, you now only need to download one zip file containing all of the metadata xmls files. There is no indication that the metadata has changed but you could run a checksum on the file and compare it to the previously downloaded version to see if it has changed. Question: What happens if a patch fails while administrators are applying it to a database or system? Answer:A large portion of Oracle Enterprise Manager's patch automation is the pre-requisite checks that happen to ensure the highest level of confidence the patch will successfully apply. It is recommended you test the patch in a non-production environment and save the patch plan as a template once successful so you can create new plans using the saved template. If you are using the recommended ‘out of place’ patching methodology, there is no urgency because the database is still running as the cloned Oracle home is being patched. Users can address the issue and restart the patch procedure at the point it left off. If you are using 'in place' method, you can address the issue and continue where the procedure left off. Question: Can Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c R2 compare configurations between more than one target at the same time? Answer:Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c can compare any number of target configurations at one time. This is the basis of many important use cases including Configuration Drift Management. These comparisons can also be scheduled on a regular basis and emails notification sent should any differences appear. To learn more about configuration search and compare watch this demo. Question: How is data comparison done since changes are taking place in a live production system? Answer:There are many things to keep in mind when using the data comparison feature (as part of the Change Management ability to compare table data). It was primarily intended to be used for maintaining consistency of important but relatively static data. For example, application seed data and application setup configuration. This data does not change often but is critical when testing an application to ensure results are consistent with production. It is not recommended to use data comparison on highly dynamic data like transactional tables or very large tables. Question: Which versions of Oracle Database can be monitored through Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c? Answer:Oracle Database versions: 9.2.0.8, 10.1.0.5, 10.2.0.4, 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3. Watch the On-Demand Webcast Stay Connected: Twitter | Facebook | YouTube | Linkedin | NewsletterDownload the Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control12c Mobile app

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• Oracle Identity Manager Role Management With API

  - by mustafakaya

  As an administrator, you use roles to create and manage the records of a collection of users to whom you want to permit access to common functionality, such as access rights, roles, or permissions. Roles can be independent of an organization, span multiple organizations, or contain users from a single organization. Using roles, you can: View the menu items that the users can access through Oracle Identity Manager Administration Web interface. Assign users to roles. Assign a role to a parent role Designate status to the users so that they can specify defined responses for process tasks. Modify permissions on data objects. Designate role administrators to perform actions on roles, such as enabling members of another role to assign users to the current role, revoke members from current role and so on. Designate provisioning policies for a role. These policies determine if a resource object is to be provisioned to or requested for a member of the role. Assign or remove membership rules to or from the role. These rules determine which users can be assigned/removed as direct membership to/from the role.  In this post, i will share some examples for role management with Oracle Identity Management API.  You can do role operations you can use Thor.API.Operations.tcGroupOperationsIntf interface. tcGroupOperationsIntf service =  getClient().getService(tcGroupOperationsIntf.class);     Assign an user to role :    public void assignRoleByUsrKey(String roleName, String usrKey) throws Exception {         Map<String, String> filter = new HashMap<String, String>();         filter.put("Groups.Role Name", roleName);         tcResultSet role = service.findGroups(filter);         String groupKey = role.getStringValue("Groups.Key");         service.addMemberUser(Long.parseLong(groupKey), Long.parseLong(usrKey));     }  Revoke an user from role:     public void revokeRoleByUsrKey(String roleName, String usrKey) throws Exception {         Map<String, String> filter = new HashMap<String, String>();         filter.put("Groups.Role Name", roleName);         tcResultSet role = service.findGroups(filter);         String groupKey = role.getStringValue("Groups.Key");         service.removeMemberUser(Long.parseLong(groupKey), Long.parseLong(usrKey));     } Get all members of a role :      public List<User> getRoleMembers(String roleName) throws Exception {         List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();         Map<String, String> filter = new HashMap<String, String>();         filter.put("Groups.Role Name", roleName);         tcResultSet role = service.findGroups(filter);       String groupKey = role.getStringValue("Groups.Key");         tcResultSet members = service.getAllMemberUsers(Long.parseLong(groupKey));         for (int i = 0; i < members.getRowCount(); i++) {                 members.goToRow(i);                 long userKey = members.getLongValue("Users.Key");                 User member = oimUserManager.findUserByUserKey(String.valueOf(userKey));                 userList.add(member);         }        return userList;     } About me: Mustafa Kaya is a Senior Consultant in Oracle Fusion Middleware Team, living in Istanbul. Before coming to Oracle, he worked in teams developing web applications and backend services at a telco company. He is a Java technology enthusiast, software engineer and addicted to learn new technologies,develop new ideas. Follow Mustafa on Twitter,Connect on LinkedIn, and visit his site for Oracle Fusion Middleware related tips.

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• Exception Handling And Other Contentious Political Topics

  - by Justin Jones

  So about three years ago, around the time of my last blog post, I promised a friend I would write this post. Keeping promises is a good thing, and this is my first step towards easing back into regular blogging. I fully expect him to return from Pennsylvania to buy me a beer over this. However, it’s been an… ahem… eventful three years or so, and blogging, unfortunately, got pushed to the back burner on my priority list, along with a few other career minded activities. Now that the personal drama of the past three years is more or less resolved, it’s time to put a few things back on the front burner. What I consider to be proper exception handling practices is relatively well known these days. There are plenty of blog posts out there already on this topic which more or less echo my opinions on this topic. I’ll try to include a few links at the bottom of the post. Several years ago I had an argument with a co-worker who posited that exceptions should be caught at every level and logged. This might seem like sanity on the surface, but the resulting error log looked something like this: Error: System.SomeException Followed by small stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace. Error: System.SomeException Followed by slightly bigger stack trace.   These were all the same exception. The problem with this approach is that the error log, if you run any kind of analytics on in, becomes skewed depending on how far up the stack trace your exception was thrown. To mitigate this problem, we came up with the concept of the “PreLoggedException”. Basically, we would log the exception at the very top level and subsequently throw the exception back up the stack encapsulated in this pre-logged type, which our logging system knew to ignore. Now the error log looked like this: Error: System.SomeException Followed by small stack trace. Much cleaner, right? Well, there’s still a problem. When your exception happens in production and you go about trying to figure out what happened, you’ve lost more or less all context for where and how this exception was thrown, because all you really know is what method it was thrown in, but really nothing about who was calling the method or why. What gives you this clue is the entire stack trace, which we’re losing here. I believe that was further mitigated by having the logging system pull a system stack trace and add it to the log entry, but what you’re actually getting is the stack for how you got to the logging code. You’re still losing context about the actual error. Not to mention you’re executing a whole slew of catch blocks which are sloooooooowwwww……… In other words, we started with a bad idea and kept band-aiding it until it didn’t suck quite so bad. When I argued for not catching exceptions at every level but rather catching them following a certain set of rules, my co-worker warned me “do yourself a favor, never express that view in any future interviews.” I suppose this is my ultimate dismissal of that advice, but I’m not too worried. My approach for exception handling follows three basic rules: Only catch an exception if 1. You can do something about it. 2. You can add useful information to it. 3. You’re at an application boundary. Here’s what that means: 1. Only catch an exception if you can do something about it. We’ll start with a trivial example of a login system that uses a file. Please, never actually do this in production code, it’s just concocted example. So if our code goes to open a file and the file isn’t there, we get a FileNotFound exception. If the calling code doesn’t know what to do with this, it should bubble up. However, if we know how to create the file from scratch we can create the file and continue on our merry way. When you run into situations like this though, What should really run through your head is “How can I avoid handling an exception at all?” In this case, it’s a trivial matter to simply check for the existence of the file before trying to open it. If we detect that the file isn’t there, we can accomplish the same thing without having to handle in in a catch block. 2. Only catch an exception if you can do something about it. Continuing with the poorly thought out file based login system we contrived in part 1, if the code calls a Login(…) method and the FileNotFound exception is thrown higher up the stack, the code that calls Login must account for a FileNotFound exception. This is kind of counterintuitive because the calling code should not need to know the internals of the Login method, and the data file is an implementation detail. What makes more sense, assuming that we didn’t implement any of the good advice from step 1, is for Login to catch the FileNotFound exception and wrap it in a new exception. For argument’s sake we’ll say LoginSystemFailureException. (Sorry, couldn’t think of anything better at the moment.) This gives us two stack traces, preserving the original stack trace in the inner exception, and also is much more informative to the calling code. 3. Only catch an exception if you’re at an application boundary. At some point we have to catch all the exceptions, even the ones we don’t know what to do with. WinForms, ASP.Net, and most other UI technologies have some kind of built in mechanism for catching unhandled exceptions without fatally terminating the application. It’s still a good idea to somehow gracefully exit the application in this case if possible though, because you can no longer be sure what state your application is in, but nothing annoys a user more than an application just exploding. These unhandled exceptions need to be logged, and this is a good place to catch them. Ideally you never want this option to be exercised, but code as though it will be. When you log these exceptions, give them a “Fatal” status (e.g. Log4Net) and make sure these bugs get handled in your next release. That’s it in a nutshell. If you do it right each exception will only get logged once and with the largest stack trace possible which will make those 2am emergency severity 1 debugging sessions much shorter and less frustrating. Here’s a few people who also have interesting things to say on this topic:  http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2008/09/10/vexing-exceptions.aspx http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/9538/Exception-Handling-Best-Practices-in-NET I know there’s more but I can’t find them at the moment.

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• Super constructor must be a first statement in Java constructor [closed]

  - by Val

  I know the answer: "we need rules to prevent shooting into your own foot". Ok, I make millions of programming mistakes every day. To be prevented, we need one simple rule: prohibit all JLS and do not use Java. If we explain everything by "not shooting your foot", this is reasonable. But there is not much reason is such reason. When I programmed in Delphy, I always wanted the compiler to check me if I read uninitializable. I have discovered myself that is is stupid to read uncertain variable because it leads unpredictable result and is errorenous obviously. By just looking at the code I could see if there is an error. I wished if compiler could do this job. It is also a reliable signal of programming error if function does not return any value. But I never wanted it do enforce me the super constructor first. Why? You say that constructors just initialize fields. Super fields are derived; extra fields are introduced. From the goal point of view, it does not matter in which order you initialize the variables. I have studied parallel architectures and can say that all the fields can even be assigned in parallel... What? Do you want to use the unitialized fields? Stupid people always want to take away our freedoms and break the JLS rules the God gives to us! Please, policeman, take away that person! Where do I say so? I'm just saying only about initializing/assigning, not using the fields. Java compiler already defends me from the mistake of accessing notinitialized. Some cases sneak but this example shows how this stupid rule does not save us from the read-accessing incompletely initialized in construction: public class BadSuper { String field; public String toString() { return "field = " + field; } public BadSuper(String val) { field = val; // yea, superfirst does not protect from accessing // inconstructed subclass fields. Subclass constr // must be called before super()! System.err.println(this); } } public class BadPost extends BadSuper { Object o; public BadPost(Object o) { super("str"); this. o = o; } public String toString() { // superconstructor will boom here, because o is not initialized! return super.toString() + ", obj = " + o.toString(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new BadSuper("test 1"); new BadPost(new Object()); } } It shows that actually, subfields have to be inilialized before the supreclass! Meantime, java requirement "saves" us from writing specializing the class by specializing what the super constructor argument is, public class MyKryo extends Kryo { class MyClassResolver extends DefaultClassResolver { public Registration register(Registration registration) { System.out.println(MyKryo.this.getDepth()); return super.register(registration); } } MyKryo() { // cannot instantiate MyClassResolver in super super(new MyClassResolver(), new MapReferenceResolver()); } } Try to make it compilable. It is always pain. Especially, when you cannot assign the argument later. Initialization order is not important for initialization in general. I could understand that you should not use super methods before initializing super. But, the requirement for super to be the first statement is different. It only saves you from the code that does useful things simply. I do not see how this adds safety. Actually, safety is degraded because we need to use ugly workarounds. Doing post-initialization, outside the constructors also degrades safety (otherwise, why do we need constructors?) and defeats the java final safety reenforcer. To conclude Reading not initialized is a bug. Initialization order is not important from the computer science point of view. Doing initalization or computations in different order is not a bug. Reenforcing read-access to not initialized is good but compilers fail to detect all such bugs Making super the first does not solve the problem as it "Prevents" shooting into right things but not into the foot It requires to invent workarounds, where, because of complexity of analysis, it is easier to shoot into the foot doing post-initialization outside the constructors degrades safety (otherwise, why do we need constructors?) and that degrade safety by defeating final access modifier When there was java forum alive, java bigots attecked me for these thoughts. Particularly, they dislaked that fields can be initialized in parallel, saying that natural development ensures correctness. When I replied that you could use an advanced engineering to create a human right away, without "developing" any ape first, and it still be an ape, they stopped to listen me. Cos modern technology cannot afford it. Ok, Take something simpler. How do you produce a Renault? Should you construct an Automobile first? No, you start by producing a Renault and, once completed, you'll see that this is an automobile. So, the requirement to produce fields in "natural order" is unnatural. In case of alarmclock or armchair, which are still chair and clock, you may need first develop the base (clock and chair) and then add extra. So, I can have examples where superfields must be initialized first and, oppositely, when they need to be initialized later. The order does not exist in advance. So, the compiler cannot be aware of the proper order. Only programmer/constructor knows is. Compiler should not take more responsibility and enforce the wrong order onto programmer. Saying that I cannot initialize some fields because I did not ininialized the others is like "you cannot initialize the thing because it is not initialized". This is a kind of argument we have. So, to conclude once more, the feature that "protects" me from doing things in simple and right way in order to enforce something that does not add noticeably to the bug elimination at that is a strongly negative thing and it pisses me off, altogether with the all the arguments to support it I've seen so far. It is "a conceptual question about software development" Should there be the requirement to call super() first or not. I do not know. If you do or have an idea, you have place to answer. I think that I have provided enough arguments against this feature. Lets appreciate the ones who benefit form it. Let it just be something more than simple abstract and stupid "write your own language" or "protection" kind of argument. Why do we need it in the language that I am going to develop?

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• Getting Started With Tailoring Business Processes

  - by Richard Bingham

  In this article, and for the sake of simplicity, we will use the term “On-Premise” to mean a deployment where you have design-time development access to the instance, including administration of the technology components, the applications filesystem, and the database. In reality this might be a local development instance that is then supported by a team who can deploy your customizations to the restricted production instance equivalents. Tools Overview Firstly let’s look at the Design-Time tools within JDeveloper for customizing and extending the artifacts of a Business Process. In essence this falls into two buckets; SOA Composite Editor for working with BPEL processes, and the BPM Studio. The SOA Composite Editor As a standard extension to JDeveloper, this graphical design tool should be familiar to anyone previously worked with Oracle SOA Server. With easy-to-use modeling capability, backed-up by full XML source-view (for read-only), it provides everything that is needed to implement the technical design. In simple terms, once deployed to the remote SOA Server the composite components (like Mediator) leverage the Event Delivery Network (EDN) for interaction with the application logic. If you are customizing an existing Fusion Applications BPEL process then be aware that it does support MDS-based customization layers just like Page Composer where different customizations are used based on the run-time context, like for a specific Product or Business Unit. This also makes them safe from patching and upgrades, although only a single active version of the composite is available at run-time. This is defined by a field on the composite record, available in Enterprise Manager. Obviously if you wish to fire different activities and tasks based on the user context then you can should include switches to fork the flows in your custom BPEL process. Figure 1 – A BPEL process in Composite Editor The following describes the simplified steps for making customizations to BPEL processes. This is the most common method of changing the business processes of Fusion Applications, as over 400 BPEL-based composite applications are provided out-of-the-box. Setup your local Fusion Applications JDeveloper environment. The SOA Composite Editor should be installed as part of the Fusion Applications extension. If there are problems you can also find it under the ‘Check for Updates’ help menu option. Since SOA Server is not part of the JDeveloper integrated WebLogic Server, setup a standalone WebLogic environment for deploying and testing. Obviously you might use a Fusion Applications development instance also. Package the existing standard Fusion Applications SOA Composite using Enterprise Manager and export it as a complete SOA Archive (SAR) file, resulting in a local .jar file. You may need to ask your system administrator for this. Import the exported SAR .jar file into JDeveloper using the File menu, under the option ‘SOA Archive into SOA Project’. In JDeveloper set the appropriate customization layer values, and then change from the default role to the Fusion Applications Customization Developer role. Make the customizations and save the application project. Finally redeploy the composite application, either to a direct Application Server connection, or as a fresh SAR (jar) file that can then be re-imported and deployed via Enterprise Manager. The Business Process Management (BPM) Suite In addition to the relatively low-level development environment associated with BPEL process creation, Oracle provides a suite of products that allow business process adjustments to be made without the need for some of the programming skills.  The aim is to abstract much of the technical implementation and to provide a Business Analyst tools for immediately implementing organization changes. Obviously there are some limitations on what they can do, however the BPM Suite functionality increases with each release and for the majority of the cases the tools remains as applicable as its developer-orientated sister. At the current time business processes must be explicitly coded to support just one of these use-cases, either BPEL for developer use or BPM for business analyst use. That said, they both run on the same SOA Server in much the same way. The components bundled in each SOA Composite Application can be verified by inspection through Enterprise Manager. Figure 2 – A BPM Process in JDeveloper BPM Suite. BPM processes are written in a standard notation (BPMN) and the modeling tools are very similar to that of BPEL. The steps to deploy a custom BPM process are also essentially much the same, since the BPM process is bundled into a SOA Composite just like a BPEL process. As such the SOA Composite Editor  actually has support for both artifacts and even allows use of them together, such as a calling a BPM process as a partnerlink from a BPEL process. For more details see the references below. Business Analyst Tooling In addition to using JDeveloper extensions for BPM development, there are run-time tools that Business Analysts can use to make adjustments, so that without high costs of an IT project the system can be tuned to match changes to the business operation. The first tool to consider is the BPM Composer, deployed with the middleware SOA Server and accessible online, and for Fusion Applications it is under the Business Process icon on the homepage of the Application Composer. Figure 3 – Business Process Composer showing a CRM process flow. The key difference between this and using JDeveloper is that the BPM Composer has a Business Catalog prepopulated with features and functions that can be used, mostly through registered WebServices. This means no coding or complex interface development is required, simply drag-drop-configure. The items in the business catalog are seeded by either Oracle (as a BPM Template) or added to by your own custom development. You cannot create or generate catalog content from BPM Composer directly. As per the screenshot you can see the Business Catalog content in the BPM Project browser region. In addition, other online tools for use by Business Analysts include the BPM Worklist application for editing business rules and approval management configuration, plus the SOA Composer which focuses on non-approval business rules and domain value maps. At the current time there are only a handful of BPM processes shipped with Fusion Applications HCM and CRM, including on-boarding workers and processing customer registrations.  This also means a limited number of associated BPM Templates provided out-of-the-box, therefore a limited Business Catalog. That said, BPM-based extension is a powerful capability to leverage and will most likely develop going forwards, especially for use in SaaS deployments where full design-time JDeveloper access is not available. Further Reading For BPEL – Fusion Applications Extensibility Guide – Section 12 For BPM – Fusion Applications Extensibility Guide – Section 7 The product-specific documentation and implementation guides for Fusion Applications Fusion Middleware Developers Guide for SOA Suite Modeling and Implementation Guide for Oracle Business Process Management User’s Guide for Oracle Business Process Composer Oracle University courses on BPM Suite and SOA Development

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• Using a Dell DRAC virtual console through a NAT firewall

  - by jetboy

  I have two Dell Poweredge R210 servers, both running Ubuntu 10 Server x64. Server A has a Dell DRAC ILO card (on 172.16.96.91), and both the server and the DRAC use Server B as a gateway (with server B's WAN IP being xxx.xxx.xxx.xx). Server B uses the following NAT rules in IPTables to route traffic through to Server A's DRAC: *NAT --append PREROUTING --in-interface eth1 --protocol tcp --destination xxx.xxx.xxx.xx --destination-port 8019 --jump DNAT --to-destination 172.16.96.91:443 --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth1 --jump SNAT --to-source xxx.xxx.xxx.xx This works fine for accessing Server A's DRAC via Server B, apart from the Java virtual console. This fails with the following error: com.sun.deploy.net.FailedDownloadException: Unable to load resource: https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xx:443/software/avctKVM.jar at com.sun.deploy.net.DownloadEngine.actionDownload(Unknown Source) etc. I know that the Java console uses port 5900, and possibly ports 83 and 5891. Can anyone help me in getting this working?

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• How can I configure Symantec Endpoint Protection Agent to allow access to windows shares?

  - by Peter Bernier

  I'm having some difficulties exposing a standard windows file share on a Windows Embedded Standard 2009 device that is running Symantec Endpoint Protection Agent 5.1. I'm using simply file sharing to expose a particular directory. That share is visible locally on the machine and externally visible when I disable the endpoint protection agent. I've added a rule (and moved it to the to ensure priority) allowing all hosts access on TDP ports 137,138,138,445 and another rule allowing UDP access on ports 137,138,139. When I try to connect, two endpoint protection dialogs pop up saying: Traffic has been blocked from this application: NWLINK2 IPX Protocol Driver (nwlnkipx.sys) Traffic has been blocked from this application: IPv6 driver (tcpip6.sys) I'm not using IPv6 anywhere. Interestingly, I discovered a workaround in that I can white-list all traffic from the subnet the device is on, which meets my needs, but I'm still curious as to why my original approach wasn't successful. Can anyone suggestion a reason why the above endpoint protection rules won't allow me to access windows file shares on the device?

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• when using exchange 2010 it complains of not talking to Information Store service on exchange 2007

  - by ChrisMuench

  I am attempting to do an upgrade in my org from exchange 2007 to exchange 2010. I moved all the mailboxes and made sure my certificates were setup in exchange 2010. I then changed my ip forwarding rules to forward mail to my exchange 2010 box. I can receive email. I then powered off my exchange 2007 server. However now when I open my exchange 2010 console it is complaing of not being able to talk to the Information Store service on my exchange 2007 server. What is up? do I have to tell exchange somewhere "who" is the new exchange server? I'm confused. I hate it when software does it automatically. I want to force it to do something.

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• Multi Svn Repositories in Apache

  - by fampinheiro

  I have a set up with apache and subversion In the apache configuration i have <Location /svn> DAV svn SVNParentPath c:/svn </Location> Now i have multiple repositories a a_b a_c a_b_c a_b_d b and i want to map them as a/svn a/b/svn a/c/svn a/b/c/svn a/b/d/svn b/svn to do this without adding directives and restarting apache i tought of making this rules RewriteEngine On RewriteCond $1 !=svn RewriteCond $2 !=svn RewriteRule ^/([^/]+)/(.*?)/svn/(.*)$ /$1_$2/svn/$3 [N] RewriteRule ^/([^/]+)/svn/(.*)$ /svn/$1/$2 [L,PT] this way i rewrite them to /svn/a /svn/a_b /svn/a_c /svn/a_b_c /svn/a_b_d /svn/b The objective is that the client don't have the notion of this happening when a acess is made to a folder without trailing slash the mod dav return a redirect to the folder with the trailing slash exposing my internal url. can i rewrite the outgoing url ?!

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• reverse proxy on PFsense, squid or otherwise

  - by Mustafa Ismail Mustafa

  I've been trying to get this to work for days now and its not working. After bashing my head against the desk enough times, I've decided to man up and ask. I'm desperately trying to set up a reverse proxy on the pfsense box itself. One because its a pretty powerful box and its not being utilized to the maximum at all and two because I don't have any spare machines to setup squid (or any other reverse proxy [capable]) server on. So, on pfsense, everytime I set up rules (on ServicesProxy ServerGeneral) as so: acl surveillance dstdomain surveillance.myweb.local; acl camera dstdomain camera.myweb.local; http_access allow surveillance AND camera (ad nauseum) when I check the services, squid stops and refuses to restart until I remove them pesky acls that are supposed to make my life easier! What am I doing wrong? How can I get it to work? Is there another way/package I can use? Thanks

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• URL Rewrite is adding HTTPS to my canonical redirects in IIS7

  - by Derek Hunziker

  Hello, I have the following rule defined in my Web.config: <rule name="Enforce canonical hostname" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" /> <conditions> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" negate="true" pattern="^www\.mydomain\.org$" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="http://www.mydomain.com/" redirectType="Permanent" /> </rule> What I am experiencing is strange... It appears that I am being redirected to https://www.mydomain.com/ which causes my browser to hang. I do not have SSL encryption turned on, nor do I have any special authorization rules. The web server in question is behind an F5 load balancer. Any ideas?

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• MMC and Server Manager Authentication Errors - Access Denied

  - by Vazgen

  I'm trying to connect remotely from my Windows 8 client to manage my Hyper-V Server 2012. I have done everything I can find to configure remote management of the server including: Added a net user on server Enabled anonymous dcom access on server and client Added firewall rules for "Windows Firewall Remote Management" and "Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)" on server Added firewall exception on server for client IP Added cmdkey on client Added server to TrustedHost list on client Added LocalAccountTokenFilter policy registry entry on server Added client IP to server's host file Added server IP to client's host file I cannot believe I am still getting these errors. What's even more strange is that I can connect in Hyper-V Manager and create VM's but not in MMC and Server Manager. I also get Access Denied trying to Open the Authorization Store on my server from my client using Authorization Manager. I'm providing all the errors because I have a feeling they root from the same problem. Does anybody see anything I missed?

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• Windows XP update not working

  - by Josh

  I have a problem with XP updating. It hangs when I try to search for updates on the website. But the automatic updates still work. And it's running IE6, so I'm trying to update to IE8, hoping that will fix the problems with the website. But when installing IE8 it just hangs at Installing Internet Explorer 8 for Windows XP And if I try to install it manually, it hangs when installing the updates for IE8. So looking at these logs, is there anything going wrong with the update process? Here is the end of ie8_main.log: 00:00.547: Started: 2012/09/15 (Y/M/D) 08:14:31.046 (local) 00:00.719: Time Format in this log: MM:ss.mmm (minutes:seconds.milliseconds) 00:00.781: Command line: c:\cac6f883a91a15abdac3e9\update\iesetup.exe /wu-silent 00:00.828: INFO: Checking version for c:\cac6f883a91a15abdac3e9\update\iesetup.exe: 8.0.6001.18702 00:01.047: INFO: Acquired Package Installer Mutex 00:01.078: INFO: Operating System: Windows Workstation: 5.1.2600 (Service Pack 3) 00:01.328: ERROR: Couldn't read value: 'LIPPackage' from [Version] section in update.inf 00:01.359: INFO: Checking Prerequisites 00:01.391: INFO: Prerequisites Satisfied: Yes 00:01.484: INFO: Checking version for C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe: 6.0.2900.5512 00:01.516: INFO: C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe version: 6.0.2900.5512 00:01.562: INFO: Checking if iexplore.exe's current version is between 8.0.6001.0... 00:01.594: INFO: ...and 8.1.0.0... 00:01.625: INFO: Maximum version on which to run IEAK branding is: 8.1.0.0... 00:01.656: INFO: iexplore.exe version check success. Install can proceed. 00:01.703: INFO: Checking version for C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe: 6.0.2900.5512 00:01.719: INFO: Checking version for C:\WINDOWS\system32\mshtml.dll: 6.0.2900.6266 00:01.750: INFO: Checking version for C:\WINDOWS\system32\wininet.dll: 6.0.2900.6254 00:01.906: INFO: EULA not shown in passive or quiet mode. 00:01.984: INFO: Skip directly to Options page. 00:02.078: INFO: |PreInstall >>> CPageProgress::DlgProc: Exiting Phase PH_NONE 00:02.109: INFO: |PreInstall >>> CPageProgress::_ChangeState: Original Phase: 0 00:02.141: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 1 00:02.187: INFO: |Initialize >>> >[BEGIN]------------------------------ 00:02.219: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 1 00:02.250: INFO: |Initialize >>> SKIP[FALSE]>>Looking for skip clauses 00:02.281: INFO: |Initialize >>> SKIP[FALSE]>>Result: RUNNING This Phase 00:02.312: INFO: |Initialize >>> Calculating bytes needed to install. 00:02.375: INFO: |Initialize >>> Diskspace Required: 151918308 00:02.422: INFO: |Initialize >>> Diskspace Available to user: 223816298496 00:02.453: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>CWindowsUpdateMgr::Initialize: CoCreateInstance.CLSID_UpdateSession: HResult 0x00000000 00:02.484: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>CWindowsUpdateMgr::Initialize: PutClientApplicationID: HResult 0x00000000 00:02.516: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>CWindowsUpdateMgr::Initialize: CreateUpdateSearcher: HResult 0x00000000 00:02.547: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>CWindowsUpdateMgr::Initialize: CreateUpdateDownloader: HResult 0x00000000 00:02.594: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>CWindowsUpdateMgr::Initialize: CreateUpdateInstaller: HResult 0x00000000 00:02.625: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>WindowsUpdateMgr::Initialize: State Change: SS_INITIALIZED. 00:02.656: INFO: |Initialize >>> CStateInitialize::OnInitialize: Windows Update Manager Initialization Result: 0x00000000 00:02.687: INFO: |Initialize >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Preparing to Leave State. 00:02.719: INFO: |Initialize >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Setting Progress 100. 00:02.766: INFO: |Initialize >>> CInstallationState::_SetProgress: Post Set Progress Message Succeeded. 00:02.797: INFO: |Initialize >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Posting Exit Phase Message. 00:02.828: INFO: |Initialize >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Post Exit Phase Message Succeeded. 00:02.859: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::DlgProc: Received WM_PR_SETPROGRESS, 64, 0 00:02.891: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 1 00:02.953: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::DlgProc: Received WM_PR_EXITPHASE, 0, 0 00:02.984: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 1 00:03.016: INFO: |Initialize >>> <[END]-------------------------------- 00:03.047: INFO: |Initialize >>> CPageProgress::_ChangeState: Original Phase: 1 00:03.078: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> >[BEGIN]------------------------------ 00:03.109: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 2 00:03.156: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> SKIP[FALSE]>>Looking for skip clauses 00:03.187: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> SKIP[FALSE]>> Adding [FALSE] Condition: !_psdStateData->GetIsInitSuccessful() 00:03.219: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> SKIP[FALSE]>> Adding [TRUE ] Condition: !g_pApp->GetState()->AreWeDoingUninstall() 00:03.250: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> SKIP[TRUE ]>>Result: SKIPPING This Phase 00:03.281: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Preparing to Leave State. 00:03.312: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Setting Progress 100. 00:03.344: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CInstallationState::_SetProgress: Post Set Progress Message Succeeded. 00:03.375: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Posting Exit Phase Message. 00:03.391: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CInstallationState::_ExitState: Post Exit Phase Message Succeeded. 00:03.437: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CPageProgress::DlgProc: Received WM_PR_SETPROGRESS, 64, 0 00:03.469: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 2 00:03.500: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CPageProgress::DlgProc: Received WM_PR_EXITPHASE, 0, 0 00:03.531: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 2 00:03.562: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> <[END]-------------------------------- 00:03.594: INFO: |Uninstall Prev. >>> CPageProgress::_ChangeState: Original Phase: 2 00:03.625: INFO: |WU Download >>> >[BEGIN]------------------------------ 00:03.656: INFO: |WU Download >>> CPageProgress::_UpdateDisplay: Actual Phase: 3 00:03.703: INFO: |WU Download >>> SKIP[FALSE]>>Looking for skip clauses 00:03.734: INFO: |WU Download >>> SKIP[FALSE]>> Adding [FALSE] Condition: !_psdStateData->GetIsInitSuccessful() 00:03.766: INFO: |WU Download >>> SKIP[FALSE]>> Adding [FALSE] Condition: !g_pApp->GetState()->GetOptShouldUpdate() 00:03.781: INFO: |WU Download >>> SKIP[FALSE]>> Adding [FALSE] Condition: g_pApp->GetState()->GetOptIEAKMode()==IEAK_BRANDING 00:03.812: INFO: |WU Download >>> SKIP[FALSE]>> Adding [FALSE] Condition: g_pApp->GetState()->AreWeDoingUninstall() 00:03.859: INFO: |WU Download >>> SKIP[FALSE]>>Result: RUNNING This Phase 00:03.891: INFO: Setting Windows Update Registry Keys: LookingForUpdates=0x00 - ForcePostUpdateDownload=0x00 - ForcePostUpdateInstall=0x00 00:03.953: INFO: Setting Windows Update Registry Keys: LookingForUpdates=0x01 - ForcePostUpdateDownload=0x01 - ForcePostUpdateInstall=0x00 00:03.984: INFO: WindowsUpdate>>Search: Search criteria: 'IsInstalled=0 and Type='Software' and CategoryIDs contains '5312e4f1-6372-442d-aeb2-15f2132c9bd7'' 00:04.031: INFO: |WU Download >>> Looking for Internet Explorer updates... And here is the end of the WindowsUpdate.log: 2012-09-15 08:14:16:109 1168 fc AU ############# 2012-09-15 08:14:16:109 1168 fc AU ## START ## AU: Search for updates 2012-09-15 08:14:16:109 1168 fc AU ######### 2012-09-15 08:14:16:109 1168 fc AU <<## SUBMITTED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {92AA8321-2BDA-46EA-828E-52D43F3BD58C}] 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {B4B9471C-1A5E-4D9C-94EF-84B00592946A}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {7F28CDA0-8249-47CA-BD3C-677813249FE9}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {F1B1A591-BB75-4B1C-9FBD-03EEDB00CC9D}.103 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {6384F8AC-4973-4ED9-BC7F-4644507FB001}.102 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {1C81AA3A-6F53-499D-B519-2A81CFBAA1DB}.102 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {7A25C7EC-3798-4413-A493-57A259D18959}.103 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {D6E99F31-FBF4-4DBF-B408-7D75B282D85B}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {1D45A361-56E7-4A3E-8E9F-AE022D050D13}.101 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {AA38D853-2A3E-4F72-86E9-32663D73DC55}.102 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {3ABE760C-4578-4C84-A1CB-BF1DF019EFE4}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {596ADB47-108D-482D-85BA-A513621434B7}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {0F90F2F5-18A2-412C-AEB9-7F027D6C986D}.104 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {7079BEEB-6120-4AFD-AD07-FB4DFA284FBE}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent Update {A566B4B1-D44F-46F8-A862-64EFA6684948}.100 is pruned out due to potential supersedence 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent Update {A2E271BC-57AE-44C3-8BFF-919D81299B5D}.100 is pruned out due to potential supersedence 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {DE76AB56-5835-46D4-A6B7-1ABED2572F00}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {C683FDC6-3997-4D12-AABB-49AE57031FE6}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {4C5429B5-22FE-4656-9E82-D80C1B99D73E}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:16:140 1168 2c4 Agent * Found 16 updates and 69 categories in search; evaluated appl. rules of 1868 out of 3469 deployed entities 2012-09-15 08:14:16:171 1168 2c4 Agent ********* 2012-09-15 08:14:16:171 1168 2c4 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = MicrosoftUpdate] 2012-09-15 08:14:16:171 1168 2c4 Agent ************* 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent ************* 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent ** START ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent ********* 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent * Online = No; Ignore download priority = No 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent * Criteria = "IsHidden=0 and IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Installation' and IsAssigned=1 or IsHidden=0 and IsPresent=1 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' and IsAssigned=1 or IsHidden=0 and IsInstalled=1 and DeploymentAction='Installation' and IsAssigned=1 and RebootRequired=1 or IsHidden=0 and IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' and IsAssigned=1 and RebootRequired=1" 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent * ServiceID = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D} Third party service 2012-09-15 08:14:16:187 1168 2c4 Agent * Search Scope = {Machine} 2012-09-15 08:14:16:203 4000 59c COMAPI >>-- RESUMED -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = MicrosoftUpdate] 2012-09-15 08:14:16:203 4000 59c COMAPI - Updates found = 16 2012-09-15 08:14:16:203 4000 59c COMAPI --------- 2012-09-15 08:14:16:218 4000 59c COMAPI -- END -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = MicrosoftUpdate] 2012-09-15 08:14:16:218 4000 59c COMAPI ------------- 2012-09-15 08:14:20:843 1168 69c AU AU received install approval from client for 1 updates 2012-09-15 08:14:20:843 1168 69c AU ############# 2012-09-15 08:14:20:843 1168 69c AU ## START ## AU: Install updates 2012-09-15 08:14:20:859 1168 69c AU ######### 2012-09-15 08:14:20:859 1168 69c AU # Initiating manual install 2012-09-15 08:14:20:859 1168 69c AU # Approved updates = 1 2012-09-15 08:14:20:875 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {0F90F2F5-18A2-412C-AEB9-7F027D6C986D}.104 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:20:875 1168 2c4 Agent * Found 1 updates and 69 categories in search; evaluated appl. rules of 1326 out of 3469 deployed entities 2012-09-15 08:14:20:875 1168 2c4 Agent ********* 2012-09-15 08:14:20:875 1168 2c4 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2012-09-15 08:14:20:875 1168 2c4 Agent ************* 2012-09-15 08:14:20:875 1168 69c AU <<## SUBMITTED ## AU: Install updates / installing updates [CallId = {BB25B2FA-1DA6-46EF-BBAD-93AEC822BD21}] 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 eac AU >>## RESUMED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {92AA8321-2BDA-46EA-828E-52D43F3BD58C}] 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 eac AU # 1 updates detected 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 280 Agent ************* 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 280 Agent ** START ** Agent: Installing updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 280 Agent ********* 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 280 Agent * Updates to install = 1 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 eac AU ######### 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 eac AU ## END ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {92AA8321-2BDA-46EA-828E-52D43F3BD58C}] 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 eac AU ############# 2012-09-15 08:14:20:890 1168 eac AU Featured notifications is disabled. 2012-09-15 08:14:20:906 1168 2c4 Report REPORT EVENT: {F352ECAD-2C8C-4F9A-A225-333B5018F1F0} 2012-09-15 08:13:23:234-0500 1 188 102 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 0 AutomaticUpdates Success Content Install Installation Ready: The following updates are downloaded and ready for installation. This computer is currently scheduled to install these updates on Sunday, September 16, 2012 at 3:00 AM: - Internet Explorer 8 for Windows XP 2012-09-15 08:14:20:906 1168 2c4 Report REPORT EVENT: {707D1D6E-BA62-438F-B704-0CC083B1FB6C} 2012-09-15 08:13:23:234-0500 1 202 102 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 0 AutomaticUpdates Success Content Install Reboot completed. 2012-09-15 08:14:20:906 1168 2c4 Report REPORT EVENT: {65C04CE5-D046-4B6F-92F1-E2DF36730338} 2012-09-15 08:14:16:156-0500 1 147 101 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 0 MicrosoftUpdate Success Software Synchronization Windows Update Client successfully detected 16 updates. 2012-09-15 08:14:20:921 1168 280 Agent * Title = Internet Explorer 8 for Windows XP 2012-09-15 08:14:20:921 1168 280 Agent * UpdateId = {0F90F2F5-18A2-412C-AEB9-7F027D6C986D}.104 2012-09-15 08:14:20:921 1168 280 Agent * Bundles 2 updates: 2012-09-15 08:14:20:921 1168 280 Agent * {114743B0-0F07-4000-8C51-BE808D819516}.104 2012-09-15 08:14:20:921 1168 280 Agent * {81B41B2D-E98D-4DFE-9CB7-E88AE50E9B42}.104 2012-09-15 08:14:25:078 1168 280 Handler Attempting to create remote handler process as RAY\Ray in session 0 2012-09-15 08:14:25:250 1168 280 DnldMgr Preparing update for install, updateId = {114743B0-0F07-4000-8C51-BE808D819516}.104. 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Misc =========== Logging initialized (build: 7.6.7600.256, tz: -0500) =========== 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Misc = Process: C:\WINDOWS\system32\wuauclt.exe 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Misc = Module: C:\WINDOWS\system32\wuaueng.dll 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Handler ::::::::::::: 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Handler :: START :: Handler: Command Line Install 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Handler ::::::::: 2012-09-15 08:14:27:453 1256 528 Handler : Updates to install = 1 2012-09-15 08:14:35:062 676 684 Misc =========== Logging initialized (build: 7.6.7600.256, tz: -0500) =========== 2012-09-15 08:14:35:062 676 684 Misc = Process: c:\cac6f883a91a15abdac3e9\update\iesetup.exe 2012-09-15 08:14:35:062 676 684 Misc = Module: C:\WINDOWS\system32\wuapi.dll 2012-09-15 08:14:35:062 676 684 COMAPI ------------- 2012-09-15 08:14:35:062 676 684 COMAPI -- START -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = Windows Internet Explorer 8 Setup Utility] 2012-09-15 08:14:35:062 676 684 COMAPI --------- 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent ************* 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent ** START ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = Windows Internet Explorer 8 Setup Utility] 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent ********* 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent * Online = Yes; Ignore download priority = No 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent * Criteria = "IsInstalled=0 and Type='Software' and CategoryIDs contains '5312e4f1-6372-442d-aeb2-15f2132c9bd7'" 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent * ServiceID = {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} Third party service 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Agent * Search Scope = {Machine} 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 676 684 COMAPI <<-- SUBMITTED -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = Windows Internet Explorer 8 Setup Utility] 2012-09-15 08:14:35:078 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:093 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:156 1168 2c4 Misc WARNING: WinHttp: SendRequestToServerForFileInformation failed with 0x80190194 2012-09-15 08:14:35:156 1168 2c4 Misc WARNING: WinHttp: ShouldFileBeDownloaded failed with 0x80190194 2012-09-15 08:14:35:156 1168 2c4 Misc WARNING: DownloadFileInternal failed for http://download.windowsupdate.com/v9/1/windowsupdate/redir/muv4wuredir.cab: error 0x80190194 2012-09-15 08:14:35:156 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:171 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:312 1168 2c4 Misc WARNING: WinHttp: SendRequestToServerForFileInformation failed with 0x80190194 2012-09-15 08:14:35:312 1168 2c4 Misc WARNING: WinHttp: ShouldFileBeDownloaded failed with 0x80190194 2012-09-15 08:14:35:312 1168 2c4 Misc WARNING: DownloadFileInternal failed for http://download.microsoft.com/v9/1/windowsupdate/redir/muv4wuredir.cab: error 0x80190194 2012-09-15 08:14:35:312 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:312 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:406 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:421 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:437 1168 2c4 Agent Checking for updated auth cab for service 7971f918-a847-4430-9279-4a52d1efe18d at http://download.windowsupdate.com/v9/1/microsoftupdate/redir/muauth.cab 2012-09-15 08:14:35:437 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\AuthCabs\authcab.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:437 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:578 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\AuthCabs\authcab.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:593 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:687 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:718 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:765 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:781 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:781 1168 2c4 PT +++++++++++ PT: Starting category scan +++++++++++ 2012-09-15 08:14:35:781 1168 2c4 PT + ServiceId = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D}, Server URL = https://www.update.microsoft.com/v6/ClientWebService/client.asmx 2012-09-15 08:14:35:906 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:921 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:968 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:35:984 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:35:984 1168 2c4 PT +++++++++++ PT: Synchronizing server updates +++++++++++ 2012-09-15 08:14:35:984 1168 2c4 PT + ServiceId = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D}, Server URL = https://www.update.microsoft.com/v6/ClientWebService/client.asmx 2012-09-15 08:14:37:250 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:37:265 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:37:312 1168 2c4 Misc Validating signature for C:\WINDOWS\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2012-09-15 08:14:37:328 1168 2c4 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2012-09-15 08:14:37:328 1168 2c4 PT +++++++++++ PT: Synchronizing extended update info +++++++++++ 2012-09-15 08:14:37:328 1168 2c4 PT + ServiceId = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D}, Server URL = https://www.update.microsoft.com/v6/ClientWebService/client.asmx 2012-09-15 08:14:37:453 784 314 DtaStor WARNING: Attempted to add URL http://download.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/software/dflt/2010/06/3888874_6c6699387d7465bc17c02cc31a660b216427fc78.cab for file bGaZOH10ZbwXwCzDGmYLIWQn/Hg= when file has not been previously added to the datastore 2012-09-15 08:14:37:468 784 314 DtaStor WARNING: Attempted to add URL http://download.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/software/dflt/2011/12/4876484_606d98885a70abb9e5e7f3821682cf5541b17c27.cab for file YG2YiFpwq7nl5/OCFoLPVUGxfCc= when file has not been previously added to the datastore 2012-09-15 08:14:37:468 784 314 DtaStor WARNING: Attempted to add URL http://download.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/software/dflt/2012/08/5179550_0e825c9da8f36ff2addcbbf4089e12bff764e0a0.cab for file DoJcnajzb/Kt3Lv0CJ4Sv/dk4KA= when file has not been previously added to the datastore 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {551EF226-28CF-44D9-B318-4959C2B73B26}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {955266A7-6210-4C18-BAEF-0E8244D975A9}.100 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {797D3C3F-CFD2-4D26-BB52-BE038205C7C4}.105 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent * Added update {EDB28194-3635-480E-A069-1D1984CCB2AB}.102 to search result 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent * Found 4 updates and 5 categories in search; evaluated appl. rules of 52 out of 65 deployed entities 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent ********* 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = Windows Internet Explorer 8 Setup Utility] 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937 1168 2c4 Agent ************* 2012-09-15 08:14:37:953 676 8cc COMAPI >>-- RESUMED -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = Windows Internet Explorer 8 Setup Utility] 2012-09-15 08:14:37:953 676 8cc COMAPI - Updates found = 4 2012-09-15 08:14:37:953 676 8cc COMAPI --------- 2012-09-15 08:14:37:953 676 8cc COMAPI -- END -- COMAPI: Search [ClientId = Windows Internet Explorer 8 Setup Utility] 2012-09-15 08:14:37:953 676 8cc COMAPI ------------- 2012-09-15 08:14:42:937 1168 2c4 Report REPORT EVENT: {88008109-CF47-404E-940D-6C21A85DFF64} 2012-09-15 08:14:37:937-0500 1 147 101 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 0 Windows Internet Explorer 8 Set Success Software Synchronization Windows Update Client successfully detected 4 updates. I could upload the entire WindowsUpdate.log file to dropbox if required.

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• Iptables setup for PPTP server and UPnP on clients [on hold]

  - by SPYke

  I have a Debian server with one static external IP. It has PPTP server installed. Local IP is 192.168.1.200 and remote IPs are 192.168.1.201-209. I have several users, who connect to my server using their routers through the Internet. VPN work flawlessly. Routers have UPnP enabled, but devices, that use UPnP, are reporting no UPnP available. What rules do I need in iptables to make it work? Thanks.

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• ProxyPass: discard body data

  - by Kay

  I have some rules like <Location /xyz> ProxyPass http://example.com/abc ... </Location> I want to accept requests to http://mypage.lan/xyz/123 and deliver the data of http://example.com/abc/123. I need to accept POST request, but I don't want to send the body content to example.com. I would like to send a GET request, but a POST request with Content-Length: 0 would be fine, too. Is it possible, to configure Apache 2 not to promote the request body?

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