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• GlusterFS as elastic file storage?

  - by Christopher Vanderlinden

  Is there any way to run GlusterFS in a replicated mode, but with the ability to dynamically scale the volume up and down? Say you have 3 servers all running glusterd. your Gluster volume would have to be setup with replica 3 gluster volume create test-volume replica 3 192.168.0.150:/test-volume 192.168.0.151:/test-volume 192.168.0.152:/test-volume You would then mount it as say \mnt\gfs_test What happens when I want to add 2 more servers to the storage pool and then also use them in this volume? Is there any easy way to expand the volume AND increase that replica count to 5? My end goal is to run this on EC2 instances, say 3 Apache front ends, with the webroot setup on the gluster volume mount. My concern is that if I ever need to spin up a server, I would want the server to not only be an additional Apache front end, but also another server in the gluster file system, adding to fault tolerance as well as possibly giving a slight boost in read speed. Maybe there are better options that would fit the bill here? Thanks.

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• Splunk is fantastically expensive: What are the alternatives?

  - by samsmith

  This has been discussed, but it has been several months, so it may be time to revisit it: Earlier discussion RE Splunk alternatives For the record, Splunk rocks. But the pricing is simply beyond what we can consider (When I spoke with Splunk today, the cost for a system to index 5gb/day of data is over $30,000.) That is more than we spend on SQL Server (by a large multiple), more than we spend on a rack of servers (by a multiple), etc. etc. The splunk sales team is correct (that for $30K we get more value and functionality than if we spend the same building our own system), but it doesn't matter. The splunk cost is simply too high (by a multiple). Soooooo, we are looking around! Is anyone out there building a splunk like system? Our basic need: Able to listen for syslog messages on multiple udp ports Able to index the incoming data in an async way Some kind of search engine Some kind of UI An API to the search engine (to embed in our console) We currently need to index 3-5gb/day, but need to be able to scale to 10gb/day or more. We do not need a lot of history (30 days is fine). We use Windows 2008 and 2003 servers. Thanks for your thoughts!

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• Is there a screen sharing/remote desktop app for mac that lets you use a different host screen resolution?

  - by MarqueIV

  Ok, there are tons and tons of questions about remote desktop for mac and they're all being closed as duplicates. I however am specifically looking for one that will let me use a different resolution than the host, the way you can with Remote Desktop for Windows. For instance, when I connect to my 11" Macbook Air booted into Windows7 from my quad-screen desktop, also booted into Win7 using Microsoft's Remote Desktop Client, it blanks out the screen on the notebook, then virtualizes the video across all four of my desktop's monitors at their native resolutions (2560x1600, 2 x 1920x1200 and 1600x1200) and the notebook now acts as if it has four physical monitors connected to it. All of this from a notebook that only has a 1366 x 768 native resolution. Even when running OS X on the client running RDC, while it doesn't support multi-monitors like its Win counterpart, it still lets me run at the native resolution of the client screen of 2560x1600. Again, it just blanks out the host screen while doing so. However when using Mac's screen sharing, since that is just glorified VNC, it just mirrors what's already on the host's screen, meaning it will always be a single screen with the resolution of 1366x768. This of course makes sense since VNC is a mirroring solution, not a video-virtualizing one like RDC, but it means that on my quad-monitor setup, the remote window isn't even large enough to fill up a single monitor, let alone four (unless you have a client that can scale it up, but that's video scaling. It's still only 1366x768.) So what I'm looking for is if there is a solution on the Mac that lets me do the same thing as RDC in a Win environment. Don't care if I have to pay. I'd gladly pay several hundred dollars for this. I just need that specific feature. Note: People have suggested various VNC clients, but the VNC host still runs at 1366x768 so that will not work here. Ever. Also, people have suggested Synergy/Synergy+/Teleport and such which share the keyboard and mouse, not video. Completely different animal unrelated to what I'm looking for.

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• Live Screencast under Linux

  - by OmnipotentEntity

  I was having some difficulty with running a Live Screencast under Linux. I've found jtvlc and tried using that, but whenever I use it the stream comes out either blank or lagged with extremely high latency. I have a fast internet connection and a fast computer, but am I perhaps taxing it too much? Any ideas on what I could possibly be doing wrong? # 1. Get an account on http://www.justin.tv/ # 2. Copy streaming key from: http://www.justin.tv/broadcast/adv_other # 2. Install VLC: http://www.videolan.org/vlc/ # 3. Get Win/Mac/Lin Stream Client: \ # http://apiwiki.justin.tv/mediawiki/index.php/Linux_Broadcasting_API # 4. Adjust the vlc parameters to your liking and run VLC like this #!/bin/bash cvlc screen:// --input-slave=pulse:// \ --screen-width 1920 \ --screen-height 1080 \ --screen-fps 5 \ -v input_stream \ --sout='#duplicate{ dst="transcode{ scale=1, venc=x264{ keyint=60 }, vcodec=h264, vb=600, acodec=mp4a, ab=32, channels=2, samplerate=22050 } :rtp{dst=127.0.0.1,port=1234,sdp=file:///tmp/vlc.sdp} "}' \ --sout-transcode-threads=4 & sleep 2 # 5. Run JTVLC to stream like this: ./jtvlc/jtvlc omnipotententity censored /tmp/vlc.sdp # Notes: #- If you want to see what you're about to stream add 'dst=display, ' # before 'dst="transcode[' # More about the VLC parameters: http://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Modules/screen

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• Scaling databases with cheap SSD hard drives

  - by Dennis Kashkin

  Hey guys! I hope that many of you are working with high traffic database-driven websites, and chances are that your main scalability issues are in the database. I noticed a couple of things lately: Most large databases require a team of DBAs in order to scale. They constantly struggle with limitations of hard drives and end up with very expensive solutions (SANs or large RAIDs, frequent maintenance windows for defragging and repartitioning, etc.) The actual annual cost of maintaining such databases is in $100K-$1M range which is too steep for me :) Finally, we got several companies like Intel, Samsung, FusionIO, etc. that just started selling extremely fast yet affordable SSD hard drives based on SLC Flash technology. These drives are 100 times faster in random read/writes than the best spinning hard drives on the market (up to 50,000 random writes per second). Their seek time is pretty much zero, so the cost of random I/O is the same as sequential I/O, which is awesome for databases. These SSD drives cost around $10-$20 per gigabyte, and they are relatively small (64GB). So, there seems to be an opportunity to avoid the HUGE costs of scaling databases the traditional way by simply building a big enough RAID 5 array of SSD drives (which would cost only a few thousand dollars). Then we don't care if the database file is fragmented, and we can afford 100 times more disk writes per second without having to spread the database across 100 spindles. . Is anybody else interested in this? I've been testing a few SSD drives and can share my results. If anybody on this site has already solved their I/O bottleneck with SSDs, I would love to hear your war stories! PS. I know that there are plenty of expensive solutions out there that help with scalability, for example the time proven RAM-based SANs. I want to be clear that even $50K is too expensive for my project. I have to find a solution that costs no more than $10K and does not take much time to implement.

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• How to stop Firefox on an SSD from freezing when using the search box or submitting a form?

  - by sblair

  Firefox usually freezes for about a second whenever I search for something from the toolbar search box, when submitting a form, or when clearing the search box history. I suspect it has something to do with the auto-complete feature. Using Windows 7's Resource Monitor, the problem seems to be from the file: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\<profile>\formhistory.sqlite-journal I believe this is a temporary file which caches database writes. The following screenshot shows the very high response times from six different searches, and that the queue length on drive C shoots off the scale: My Firefox profile is on an Intel X25-M G2 SSD. The problem doesn't seem to occur if I create a new profile on a hard disk drive. However, I'd like to know why the problem exists on the SSD in the first place (because it's an annoying problem which contradicts the reason I bought an SSD, and it might happen with other applications too), and how to prevent it. It still occurs if Firefox is started in safe mode, and with the recent beta versions. Updates: VACUUMing the Firefox profile databases does not help with this problem. The SSD Optimizer in the Intel SSD Toolbox does not help either.

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• Value of Itanium or Sparc over x86_64 for Oracle Deployment

  - by Antitribu

  We are looking at a new environment to run our Oracle Database running on SUSE (potentially migrating to RedHat). Our database is approximately 100GB and performs adequately on our current hardware (x86_64) with approximately 6GB of ram allocated to it. We are growing quickly however and will require more performance shortly. Given the cost of Oracle licenses we would like to maximize the value from each license by choosing the most appropriate CPU to run the software on. The questions are: Are there substantial benefits to looking at Itanium or Sparc hardware, are there any drawbacks? Is there a point where one starts to scale out better? What are the long term support options for Itanium? Given the dominance of x86 would it be safer long term to stick with x86? On average what would be the performance benefit of implementing an Oracle database on Itanium or Sparc over x86_64? Is this an issue at all or will other factors (IO/RAM) cap out first? If anyone can point me towards some solid documentation on comparisons between the platforms that provides good case analysis of when to choose which I'm more than happy to accept that as an answer. Edit:- Added Sparc as an Option as it was previously not considered however with the recent Oracle Sun aquisition seems very relevant.

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• SQL Server performance on VSphere 4.0

  - by Charles

  We are having a performance issue that we cannot explain with our VMWare environment and I am hoping someone here may be able to help. We have a web application that uses a databases backend. We have an SQL 2005 Cluster setup on Windows 2003 R2 between a physical node and a virtual node. Both physical servers are identical 2950's with 2x Xeaon x5460 Quad Core CPUs and 64GB of memory, 16GB allocated to the OS. We are utilizing an iSCSI San for all cluster disks. The problem is this, when utilizing the application under a repeated stress testing that adds CPUs to the cluster nodes, the Physical node scales from 1 pCPU to 8 pCPUs, meaning we see continued performance increases. When testing the node running Vsphere, we have the expected 12% performance hit for being virtual but we still scale from 1 vCPU to 4 vCPUs like the physical but beyond this performance drops off, by the time we get to 8 vCPUs we are seeing performance numbers worse than at 4 vCPUs. Again, both nodes are configured identically in terms of hardware, Guest OS, SQL Configurations etc and there is no traffic other than the testing on the system. There are no other VMs on the virtual server so there should be no competition for resources. We have contacted VMWare for help but they have not really been any suggesting things like setting SQL Processor Affinity which, while being helpful would have the same net effect on each box and should not change our results in the least. We have looked at all of VMWare's SQL Tuning guides with regards to VSphere with no benefit, please help!

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• ffmpeg cutting video duration

  - by Steve Spence

  When using ffmpeg on linux, my 4.3GB 2.21 second video is being chopped down to 1.56 duration. I'm trying to reduce file size, but not lose frames. steve@steve-OptiPlex-170L:~/Desktop$ ffmpeg -i microbe.avi microbe.mp4 ffmpeg version 0.8.3-4:0.8.3-0ubuntu0.12.04.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jun 12 2012 16:37:58 with gcc 4.6.3 * THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED * This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead. Input #0, avi, from 'microbe.avi': Duration: 00:02:21.80, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 242311 kb/s Stream #0.0: Video: rawvideo, bgr24, 1280x960, 10 tbr, 10 tbn, 10 tbc Incompatible pixel format 'bgr24' for codec 'mpeg4', auto-selecting format 'yuv420p' [buffer @ 0x9f861e0] w:1280 h:960 pixfmt:bgr24 [avsink @ 0x9f86440] auto-inserting filter 'auto-inserted scaler 0' between the filter 'src' and the filter 'out' [scale @ 0x9f7d800] w:1280 h:960 fmt:bgr24 - w:1280 h:960 fmt:yuv420p flags:0x4 Output #0, mp4, to 'microbe.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 1280x960, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 10 tbn, 10 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 - #0.0 Press ctrl-c to stop encoding frame= 1164 fps= 6 q=31.0 Lsize= 3775kB time=116.40 bitrate= 265.7kbits/s video:3765kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.272870% steve@steve-OptiPlex-170L:~/Desktop$

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• Migrating to AWS Cloud with auto-scaling - where to put Redis and ElasticSearch?

  - by RobMasters

  I've been trying to research this topic but haven't found anywhere that recommends where to install services such as Redis and ElasticSearch when migrating to a cloud framework. I'm currently running a Symfony2 application on 2 static servers - one is running MySQL and the other is the public facing web server, which also has Redis and ElasticSearch running on it. Both of these servers are virtualised, but they're static in terms of not being able to replicate at present (various aspects are still dependent on the local filesystem). The goal is to migrate to AWS and use auto-scaling to be able to spin up and kill web servers as required, but I'm not clear on what I should put on each EC2 instance. Should they be single-responsibility only? i.e. Set up individual instances for the web server(s), Redis, and ElasticSearch and most likely an RDS instance for MySQL and only set up auto-scaling on the web server(s)? I don't foresee having to scale the ElasticSearch server anytime soon as it's only driving the search functionality, but it's possible that Redis may need to be replicated at some point - but should this be done manually? I'm not sure of how this could be done automatically as each instance needs to be configured to know about it's master/slave(s) as far as I know. I'd appreciate advice on this. One more quick question while I'm here - how would I be able to deploy code changes when there are X web servers currently active? I'm using a Capifony deployment script (Symfony2 version of Capistrano), which I think can handle multiple servers easily enough by specifying an array of :domain addresses...but how can should this be handled when the number of web servers can vary?

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• What methods are available for updating a non-Internet-connected VMWare ESXi host?

  - by romandas

  I have a stand-alone installation of VMWare vSphere Essentials, with a vCenter Server and 3 ESXi 4.0 host servers. The environment is intended to remain as a stand-alone network, with the exception that I can "float" a workstation or server between the 'Net and the VMWare network for patches and maintenance. With other installations, where the Internet is available, I've used the vSphere Host Update utility to connect to VMWare and then apply the patches to the ESXi hosts. My problem is that this utility does not seem to function if it cannot connect to both VMWare and the ESXi host at the same time, as the scan for patches function will not scan the server without connecting to VMWare's site to sync its repository first. Even if I sync it, disconnect from the 'Net and connect to the VMWare network, it still won't scan hosts for required patches -- it will prompt for syncing with VMWare and if you click No to syncing, the scan does not occur. Does anyone know of other options for updating the ESXi hosts in some automated fashion? I believe I can manually pull down required patches and apply them, but this will not scale well, and in the future I'm sure I'll want something a bit more scalable.

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• Switching from Onboard intel to Nvidia Dedicated GPU

  - by Anarkie

  How can I switch from Intel onboard grpahics to Nvidia Dedicated GPU? When I go to windows screen resolution I see intel. I cant change it. I go to Device Manager, I see both Adapters are there and Nvidia is known.I disabled intel, I didnt see any option to set one as primary so I disabled intel, black screen!Reboot and re-enable intel. I right click on the desktop, choose "Nvidia Control Panel" and on 3D options I chose the desired game I want to play, High performance Nvidia, but it didnt switch when I started the game. Then I made preferred GPU in the global settings High performance Nvidia for everything it still didnt change.I understand to save the battery etc. there is a switch option between these two but I dont see this switch when it is necessary, I cant also switch manually?Is there a manual switch FN key?I looked but couldnt find. Why I want to do this? 1) Better game peformance. 2) I want to play an old game from 2002(Diablo 2 LOD), when I start the game there are black bars on the sides, so screen becomes just smaller which I dislike!I heard this is intel's specification to center the display.But instead I would like to scale or expand it to fit widescreen(fullscreen).Which should be possible with Nvidia. My Notebook Specs: Fujitsu Lifebook AH531, Win7 , 64 bit, i5, intel HD graphics onboard, Nvidia GT 525. I didnt install Nvidia later, it was always installed and ready from the moment I turned on the computer first time. How I determined that the cards werent switched when I am playing the game: with the windows key I exited from the game, then looked at screen resolutions menu, still saw intel, also the game was still with black bars.I know intel GPU should enough for Diablo 2 but I am interested in this answer for further games, I dont always play Diablo, what if I install an up to date game for example?Then Intel will not be sufficient.I would like to learn the switch option.

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• How to diagnose storage system scaling problems?

  - by Unknown

  We are currently testing the maximum sequential read throughput of a storage system (48 disks total behind two HP P2000 arrays) connected to HP DL580 G7 running RHEL 5 with 128 GB of memory. Initial testing has been mainly done by running DD-commands like this: dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=3000 In parallel for each disk. However, we have been unable to scale the results from one array (maximum throughput of 1.3 GB/s) to two (almost the same throughput). Each array is connected to a dedicated host bust adapter, so they should not be the bottleneck. The disks are currently in JBOD configuration, so each disk can be addressed directly. I have two questions: Is running multiple DD commands in parallel really a good way to test maximum read throughput? We have noticed very high SWAPIN-% numbers in iotop, which I find hard to explain because the target is /dev/null How shoud we proceed in trying to find the reason for the scaling problem? Do you thing the server itself is the bottleneck here, or could there be some linux parameters that we have overlooked?

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• Distributed storage and computing

  - by Tim van Elteren

  Dear Serverfault community, After researching a number of distributed file systems for deployment in a production environment with the main purpose of performing both batch and real-time distributed computing I've identified the following list as potential candidates, mainly on maturity, license and support: Ceph Lustre GlusterFS HDFS FhGFS MooseFS XtreemFS The key properties that our system should exhibit: an open source, liberally licensed, yet production ready, e.g. a mature, reliable, community and commercially supported solution; ability to run on commodity hardware, preferably be designed for it; provide high availability of the data with the most focus on reads; high scalability, so operation over multiple data centres, possibly on a global scale; removal of single points of failure with the use of replication and distribution of (meta-)data, e.g. provide fault-tolerance. The sensitivity points that were identified, and resulted in the following questions, are: transparency to the processing layer / application with respect to data locality, e.g. know where data is physically located on a server level, mainly for resource allocation and fast processing, high performance, how can this be accomplished? Do you from experience know what solutions provide this transparency and to what extent? posix compliance, or conformance, is mentioned on the wiki pages of most of the above listed solutions. The question here mainly is, how relevant is support for the posix standard? Hadoop for example isn't posix compliant by design, what are the pro's and con's? what about the difference between synchronous and asynchronous opeartion of a distributed file system. Though a synchronous distributed file system has the preference because of reliability it also imposes certain limitations with respect to scalability. What would be, from your expertise, the way to go on this? I'm looking forward to your replies. Thanks in advance! :) With kind regards, Tim van Elteren

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• Are there any viable DNS or LDAP alternatives for distributed key/value storage and retrieval?

  - by makerofthings7

  I'm working on a software app that needs distributed decentralized name resolution, and isn't bound to TCP/IP. Or more precisely, I need to store a "key" and look up it's value, and the key may be a string, a number, or any other realistic data type. Examples: With a phone number, look up a name. (or with an area code, redirect to the server that handles that exchange) With an IP Address get a DNS name, or a Whois contact (string value) With a string, get an IP, ( like a DNS TXT or SRV record). I'm thinking out of the box here and looking for any software that allows for this. (more info below) Are there any secure, scalable DNS alternatives that have gained notoriety? I could ask on StackOverflow, but think the infrastructure groups would have better insight on this. Edit More info: I'm looking at "Namecoin" the DNS version of Bitcoin, and since that project is faltering, I'm looking at alternative ways to store name-value pairs, with an optional qualifier. I think a name value pair is of global interest is useful, but on a limited scale. Namecoin tried to be too much, and ended up becoming nothing. I'm trying to solve that problem in researching alternatives and applying distributed technologies where applicable. Bitcoin/Namecoin offers a Distributed Hash Table, which has some positive aspects, but not useful for DNS, except for root servers.

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• To what extent is size a factor in SSD performance?

  - by artif

  To what extent is the size of an SSD a factor in its performance? In my mind, correct me if I'm wrong, a bigger SSD should be, everything else being equal, faster than a smaller one. A bigger SSD would have more erase blocks and thus more leeway for the FTL (flash translation layer) to do garbage collection optimization. Also there would be more time before TRIM became necessary. I see on Wikipedia that it remarks that "The performance of the SSD can scale with the number of parallel NAND flash chips used in the device" so it seems throughput also increases significantly. Also many SSDs contain internal caches of some sort and presumably those caches are larger for correspondingly large SSDs. But supposing this effect exists, I would like a quantitative analysis. Does throughput increase linearly? How much is garbage collection impacted, if at all? Does latency stay the same? And so on. Would the performance of a 8 GB SSD be significantly different from, for example, an 80 GB SSD assuming both used high quality chips, controllers, etc? Are there any resources (webpages, research papers, presentations, books, etc) that discuss correlations between SSD performance (4 KB random write speed, latency, maximum sequential throughput, etc) and size? I realize this does not really sound like a programming question but it is relevant for what I'm working on (using flash for caching hard drive data) which does involve programming. If there is a better place to ask this question, eg a more hardware oriented site, what would that be? Something like the equivalent of stack overflow (or perhaps a forum) for in-depth questions on hardware interfaces, internals, etc would be appreciated.

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• Recommend a UK based VPS host equivalent to Dreamhost [closed]

  - by Pez Cuckow

  I appreciate this question could be considered subjective and argumentative so can people make recommendations rather than arguing about the best. I believe the "correct" answer is the one closest to what I am looking for. Basically I live in the UK but have been using the US based Dreamhost for about 6 years now, and my web projects are getting to the scale where the websites need to the UK based to cope with the demand and load. I originally had shared hosting with Dreamhost but upgraded to a VPS a while ago, getting 512mb of RAM, unlimited disk space, bandwidth and domains for $30. Their control panel is a custom easy to use build that they have created in house and offers features very similar to other web panels (as far as I am aware). So basically my question boils down to, is there anywhere that offers an equivalent package? In all honesty as long as I have over 50gb HDD space and unlimited domains it doesn't really matter? Are there any VPS providers you would recommend as reliable? I promise to check every link posted, many thanks for your time!

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• Steps to deploy a custom routing protocol

  - by user134589

  I'm a Ph.D Student and I'm researching a Service Centric Networking architecture with resourceallocation on a large scale. What I'm looking to do is expand an existing routing protocol like OSPF with extra fields and some new message types that I need for communication between Nodes. I want to manipulate the cost of a network link and I want paths to be calculated like in OSPF V2/v3, but using the cost that my algorithms have calculated. What I have I have the source code of OSPF from Quagga. I am assuming I can edit this code how I want, including packet structures and creating new types. Yes, I am aware it won't be easy but this is a 6 years research project and I am eager to develop something new, to move forward. What I need I would like to know how I can deploy the edited OSPF source files I have (written in C) on any type of server. I have a large testbed environment available with hundreds of virtual nodes and pretty much any OS out there. So if I want to test my extended protocol, how do I make all the nodes in a network use this to communicate? I do not understand what parts of the kernel I need to edit here. I tried searching for days now and I am unable to find how to deploy a non-existing routing protocol, without the use of an application-level framework. If somebody could push me in the right direction that'd be awesome. note: I need this to be a routingprotocol and not an application, since I want this to work on op of the network layer for performance reasons. Thanks!

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• Discrepancy in file size on disk and ls output

  - by smokinguns

  I have a script that checks for gzipped file sizes greater than 1MB and outputs files along with their sizes as a report. This is the code: myReport=`ls -ltrh "$somePath" | egrep '\.gz$' | awk '{print $9,"=>",$5}'` # Count files that exceed 1MB oversizeFiles=`find "$somePath" -maxdepth 1 -size +1M -iname "*.gz" -print0 | xargs -0 ls -lh | wc -l` if [ $oversizeFiles -eq 0 ];then status="PASS" else status="CHECK FAILED. FOUND FILES GREATER THAN 1MB" fi echo -e $status"\n"$myReport The problem is that ls command outputs the files sizes as 1.0MB in the report but the status is "FAIL" as "$oversizeFiles" variable's value is 2. I checked the file sizes on disk and 2 files are 1.1MB. Why this discrepancy? How should I modify the script so that I can generate an accurate report? BTW, I'm on a Mac. Here is what man page for "find" says on my Mac OSX: -size n[ckMGTP] True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is n. If n is followed by a c,then the primary is true if the file's size is n bytes (characters). Similarly if n is followed by a scale indicator then the file's size is compared to n scaled as: k kilobytes (1024 bytes) M megabytes (1024 kilobytes) G gigabytes (1024 megabytes) T terabytes (1024 gigabytes) P petabytes (1024 terabytes)

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• Xen domU mem-set issue

  - by Casper Langemeijer

  I'm running into a problem on my xen 4.0.1 server (debian squeeze) My host has 32G of memory, Domain-0 has 2048 M assigned to it. (scaled down with xm mem-set Domain-0 2048) top in Domain-0 confirms this. I created a virtual machine config file (using xen-tools) with the following options: memory = '512' maxmem = '2048' Both host and guest machines are running the standard 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 debian kernel. 'xm create' creates a virtual machine with 512MB of memory as expected. Then 'xm mem-set domU 1024' will not expand the memory to 1024MB running 'xm mem-set domU 400' does set the memory to about 400MB Then 'xm mem-set domU 1024' will expands the memory back to 512MB Based on this, you would say that xm ignores the maxmem and silently sets maxmem to 512, but in the output of xm top the MAXMEM column reads 2G. the MEM column will not go over 512M. The output of xm list tells another story, it shows 1024 when I 'xm mem-set domU 1024'. I've googled myself all away around the internet for this issue and found that most people don't scale back Domain-0. I know I've seen a bugreport about the issue I'm experiencing, but can't find it anymore. Does anyone see what I'm doing wrong here? Hmm.. I just upgraded my kernel to the one provided by debian backports. The issue has gone.

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• 100% uptime for a web application

  - by Chris Lively

  We received an interesting "requirement" from a client today. They want 100% uptime with off-site failover on a web application. From our web application's viewpoint, this isn't an issue. It was designed to be able to scale out across multiple database servers, etc. However, from a networking issue I just can't seem to figure out how to make it work. In a nutshell, the application will live on servers within the client's network. It is accessed by both internal and external people. They want us to maintain an off-site copy of the system that in the event of a serious failure at their premises would immediately pick up and take over. Now we know there is absolutely no way to resolve it for internal people (carrier pigeon?), but they want the external users to not even notice. Quite frankly, I haven't the foggiest idea of how this might be possible. It seems that if they lose Internet connectivity then we would have to do a DNS change to forward traffic to the external machines... Which, of course, takes time. Ideas? UPDATE I had a discussion with the client today and they clarified on the issue. They stuck by the 100% number, saying the application should stay active even in the event of a flood. However, that requirement only kicks in if we host it for them. They said they would handle the uptime requirement if the application lives entirely on their servers. You can guess my response.

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• optimal folder structure for storing 100k files on a USB drive

  - by cherouvim

  I need to store 100k files (around 40GB) in a USB drive. Each file has a unique int id (e.g 45000). Option one is to put all files in a single folder: root/ root/1.pdf root/2.pdf root/3.pdf ... root/567.pdf root/568.pdf root/569.pdf ... root/10001.pdf root/10002.pdf root/10003.pdf ... root/99998.pdf root/99999.pdf root/100000.pdf Option two is to create a [1-9][0-9]* folder hierarchy based on that id: root/ root/1/file.pdf root/2/file.pdf root/3/file.pdf ... root/5/6/7/file.pdf root/5/6/8/file.pdf root/5/6/9/file.pdf ... root/1/0/0/0/1/file.pdf root/1/0/0/0/2/file.pdf root/1/0/0/0/3/file.pdf ... root/9/9/9/9/8/file.pdf root/9/9/9/9/9/file.pdf root/1/0/0/0/0/0/file.pdf Which option will scale better? I can understand that the second option will require tons of folders but each folder will at most contain 10 folders and 1 file. Maintenance will not be an issue since everything will be controlled by an application. Note that this is a USB drive on linux and based on the above I'd also like to know whether I should go with FAT32 or NTFS.

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• Software/hardware to build video streaming server?

  - by Sasha Yanovets

  I am looking for a video streaming server solution, something like online TV server, with ability to make live broadcasts in the internet. What software could you recommend for that? What kind of hardware it should run on, should be there anything special? I am looking for a solution that could be scaled up to at least 1000 simultaneous users online with good resolution of video. I think it is good to have general answer on what direction to choose. But here more details on my specific case: I just looking for a solution almost from scratch. We have some video content that we've produced, but it is not delivered over internet yet. We do not tied to any particular vendor for now. We want to make 24 hours of steaming three 8 hour blocks with change of content every day. We want the ability to make regular live broadcasts. I guess we will need to have several options of streaming quality (low ~56 kb/s mid ~273 kb/s). Some terms just foreign to me (like play-truncation rate), if you could point out what parameters we should avare of, it would be great. Uplink to the internet is to be determined. We plan to start from something and scale up on the way. If you are already have some kind of media streaming server, just describe its configuration here (hardware, OS, software), peak number of concurrent users it serves. I think it could help people approaching this task.

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• Scaling a LAMP website hosted on EC2

  - by Gublooo

  Hello, I'm very new to all this - I've recently managed to launch my website on EC2. As next step, I want to learn how to scale the website. I have a general idea but wanted some input from the experts about how to go about it. My website is based on LAMP but also has Red5 server which allows users to record messages and also used for playing them back. Currently this is the architecture I'm planning to setup for initial scaling. Deploy four small EC2 instances for the following purposes: Instance-1: On this instance I will run the MySql database Instance-2: On this instance I will run the red5 server Instance-3 & Instance-4 These 2 instances will be used to deploy the website and will have Apache running on them. They will communicate with the mysql server on Instance-1 and red5 server on Instance-2 using the internal IP address. As an when required, I will launch another instance of the same EBS - I will have EBS of say 50 GIG where all the mysql data will be stored. Also red5 will use this EBS to store the video messages Load-Balancer - Use the load balancer provided by Amazon to load balance Instance-3 and Instance-4 This is what I have in mind. I could be way off so please bear with me. Also I have not taken into account the case of scaling MySql server as I currently have no idea about how that will be done and whether or not it is necessary initially. I am aware that Amazon provides auto scaling and mysql scaling as well but I dont want to get into that right now. Your feedback is appreciated Thanks

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• PHP on several servers with session-sharing

  - by Etu

  there's certanly other threads about this, but I have one more question. We are about to scale the website at work to have more than one server. And we need to share the sessions between the servers. We have been looking into different solutions, one in memcached and use Memcached as sessionhandler in PHP. That will probably work. And the idea would be to run memcached on every machine and let all webservers access all other servers memcached servers, and then we have shared sessions between the machines, yay. (we have no resources to setup with sticky-sessions yet, that's a later project. we need this running, and we need this running now. and we will loadbalance with DNS for a starter) But then... If I want to take one server down, say, for maintenance, or a server crashes, or whatever reason. I don't want the users to just loose their sessions and have to start from the beginning... That's why we need some kind of replication, which Memcached does not support. Then I found http://repcached.lab.klab.org/ -- which has multi-master replication of memcached, which is great, and is what I want. But does it work with 2 machines? Say 3, 5, 10? For future scaling. I also looked into redishttp://redis.io/ -- which also seems great, but is a bit more "shaky" with the php-session-handler support, and no multi-master-replication. The thing is that I like to use memcached, but I want to be able to power down one of two boxes without loosing half of the sessions. Any suggestions?

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