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  • Calling a method with getattr in Python

    - by brain_damage
    How to call a method using getattr? I want to create a metaclass, which can call non-existing methods of some other class that start with the word 'oposite_'. The method should have the same number of arguments, but to return the opposite result. def oposite(func): return lambda s, *args, **kw: not oposite(s, *args, **kw) class Negate(type): def __getattr__(self, name): if name.startswith('oposite_'): return oposite(self.__getattr__(name[8:])) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): self.__getattr__ = Negate.__getattr__ class P(metaclass=Negate): def yep(self): return True But the problem is that self.__getattr__(sth) returns a NoneType object. >>> p = P() >>> p.oposite_yep() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#115>", line 1, in <module> p.oposite_yep() TypeError: <lambda>() takes at least 1 positional argument (0 given) How to deal with this?

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  • Dynamic dispatch and inheritance in python

    - by Bill Zimmerman
    Hi, I'm trying to modify Guido's multimethod (dynamic dispatch code): http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=101605 to handle inheritance and possibly out of order arguments. e.g. (inheritance problem) class A(object): pass class B(A): pass @multimethod(A,A) def foo(arg1,arg2): print 'works' foo(A(),A()) #works foo(A(),B()) #fails Is there a better way than iteratively checking for the super() of each item until one is found? e.g. (argument ordering problem) I was thinking of this from a collision detection standpoint. e.g. foo(Car(),Truck()) and foo(Truck(), Car()) and should both trigger foo(Car,Truck) # Note: @multimethod(Truck,Car) will throw an exception if @multimethod(Car,Truck) was registered first? I'm looking specifically for an 'elegant' solution. I know that I could just brute force my way through all the possibilities, but I'm trying to avoid that. I just wanted to get some input/ideas before sitting down and pounding out a solution. Thanks

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  • How does one avoid "Value restriction" errors with F#'s Seq.cast?

    - by gatoatigrado
    I see that Seq has a cast function from IEnumerable to Seq, but how do I get it to work? open System.Text.RegularExpressions;; let v = Regex.Match("abcd", "(ab)");; Seq.cast (v.Captures);; This produces, error FS0030: Value restriction. The value 'it' has been inferred to have generic type val it : seq<'_a Either define 'it' as a simple data term, make it a function with explicit arguments or, if you do not intend for it to be generic, add a type annotation.

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  • StructureMap - Injecting a dependency into a base class?

    - by David
    In my domain I have a handful of "processor" classes which hold the bulk of the business logic. Using StructureMap with default conventions, I inject repositories into those classes for their various IO (databases, file system, etc.). For example: public interface IHelloWorldProcessor { string HelloWorld(); } public class HelloWorldProcessor : IHelloWorldProcessor { private IDBRepository _dbRepository; public HelloWorldProcessor(IDBRepository dbRepository) { _dbRepository = dbrepository; } public string HelloWorld(){ return _dbRepository.GetHelloWorld(); } } Now, there are some repositories that I'd like to be available to all processors, so I made a base class like this: public class BaseProcessor { protected ICommonRepository _commonRepository; public BaseProcessor(ICommonRepository commonRepository) { _commonRepository = commonRepository; } } But when my other processors inherit from it, I get a compiler error on each one saying that there's no constructor for BaseProcessor which takes zero arguments. Is there a way to do what I'm trying to do here? That is, to have common dependencies injected into a base class that my other classes can use without having to write the injections into each one?

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  • How do I set sys.excepthook to invoke pdb globally in python?

    - by saffsd
    From Python docs: sys.excepthook(type, value, traceback)¶ This function prints out a given traceback and exception to sys.stderr. When an exception is raised and uncaught, the interpreter calls sys.excepthook with three arguments, the exception class, exception instance, and a traceback object. In an interactive session this happens just before control is returned to the prompt; in a Python program this happens just before the program exits. The handling of such top-level exceptions can be customized by assigning another three-argument function to sys.excepthook. http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html How do I modify this globally so the default action is to always invoke pdb? Is there a configuration file I can change? I don't want to wrap my code to do this.

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  • [R] multiple functions in one R script

    - by Philipp
    Hi, I guess it's a stupid question, but I don't get it :-( I wrote an R script, which creates heatmaps out of xls files. I am calling this R script with a Perl system call and pass over all the arguments. This all works fine. Now I wanted to make the R script less confusing by writing different functions in the R script, for example: args <- commandArgs(TRUE) parsexls <- function(filepath) { data <- read.xls(...) assign("data", data, globalenv()) } reorder <- function(var) { data <- data[order...] assign("data", data, globalenv()) } When I want to call the functions with parsexls(args[1]) reorder(args[2]) nothing happens. But when I place the parsexls(args[1]) in the script between the two functions shown above, the file is parsed correctly! The reorder(args[2]) seems never to be read. Any ideas what I am doing wrong? Phil

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  • CFExecute not performing command

    - by Drew
    <cfset LOCAL.cmd = expandPath('..\library\gm.exe') /> <cfset LOCAL.args = "convert image1.jpg image2.jpg" /> <cfexecute variable="gm" errorVariable="error" name="#LOCAL.cmd#" timeout="10" arguments="#local.args#" /> <cfdump var="#gm#" /> This code always results in an empty string in gm. No matter how I execute gm with or without parameters. Other examples work fine like running cmd.exe or netstat.exe as is in the CFDocs example. I get no errors thrown or warnings in errorVariable, it simply does nothing.

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  • How I can connect to Oracle from Perl?

    - by aartist
    We have Oracle Server " Oracle Version: 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit". I like to connect to this server with Perl from my RHEL machine. I am able to connect via sqlplus successfully. I can use 32-bit or 64-bit Perl. I have few questions. Which files I should download from Oracle.com and where should I install them? What are the environment settings or path that I should set? What are the configuration changes or Makefile arguments changes I should make to install DBD::Oracle module properly? Thanks.

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  • Injecting EntityManager Vs. EntityManagerFactory

    - by SB
    A long question, please bear with me. We are using Spring+JPA for a web application. My team is debating over injecting EntityManagerFactory in the GenericDAO(a DAO based on Generics something on the lines provided by APPFUSE, we do not use JpaDaosupport for some reason) over injecting an EntityManager. We are using "application managed persistence". The arguments against injecting a EntityManagerFactory is that its too heavy and so is not required, the EntityManager does what we need. Also, as Spring would create a new instance of a DAO for every web request(I doubt this) there are not going to be any concurrency issues as in the same EntityManager instance is shared by two threads. The argument for injecting EFM is that its a good practice over all its always good to have a handle to a factory. I am not sure which is the best approach, can someone please enlighten me? SB

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  • Does to_json require parameters? what about within rails?

    - by Harry Wood
    Does to_json require parameters? what about within rails? I started getting the error "wrong number of arguments (0 for 1)" when doing myhash.to_json Unfortunately I'm not sure when this error started happening, but I guess it relates to some versions of either rails or the json gem. I suppose my code (in a rails controller) is using the ActiveSupport::JSON version of to_json, rather than the to_josn method supported by the json gem. ActiveSupport::JSON vs JSON In environment.rb I have RAILS_GEM_VERSION = '2.3.2' and also config.gem "json", :version=> '1.1.7' It's just a simple hash structure containing primitives which I want to convert in my controller, and it was working, but now I can't seem to run to_json without passing parameters.

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  • How to invoke a method with a generic return type using reflection

    - by Andre Luus
    Hi there! I'm trying to invoke a method with reflection that has a generic return type, like this: public class SomeClass<T> { public List<T> GetStuff(); } I get an instance of SomeClass with a call to a Repository's GetClass<T> generic method. MethodInfo lGetSomeClassMethodInfo = typeof(IRepository) .GetMethod("GetClass") .MakeGenericMethod(typeof(SomeClass<>); object lSomeClassInstance = lGetSomeClassMethodInfo.Invoke( lRepositoryInstance, null); After that, I this is where I try to invoke the GetStuff method: typeof(SomeClass<>).GetMethod("GetStuff").Invoke(lSomeClassInstance, null) I get an exception about the fact that the method has generic arguments. However, I can't use MakeGenericMethod to resolve the return type. Also, if instead of typeof(SomeClass<>) I use lSomeClassInstance.GetType() (which should have resolved types) GetMethod("GetStuff") returns null! UPDATE I have found the solution and will post the answer shortly.

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  • calling a function without knowing the number of parameters in advance

    - by Sourabh Bose
    suppose i have a dll with 2 functions.name of dll="dll1" f1(int a, int b, int c); f2(int a); my program would take the funtion name ,the dll name and a "list" of parameters as input. how would i call the appropriate function with its appropriate parameters. i.e, if input is dll1 f1 list(5,8,9) this would require me to call f1 with 3 parameters if input was dll1 f2 list(8) it would require me to call f2 with one parameter how would i call the function without knowing the number of parameters in advance. further clarification: how do I write code that will call any function with all its arguments by building the argument list dynamically using some other source of information

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  • I'd like to know why a function executes fine when called from x but not when called from y

    - by Roland
    When called from archive(), readcont(char *filename) executes fine! Called from runoptions() though, it fails to list the files "archived"! why is this? The program must run in terminal. Use -h as a parameter to view the usage. This program is written to "archive" text files into ".rldzip" files. readcont( char *x) should show the files archived in file (*x) a) Successful call Use the program to archive 3 text files: rldzip.exe a.txt b.txt c.txt FILEXY -a archive() will call readcont and it will work showing the files archived after the binary FILEXY will be created. b) Unsuccessful call After the file is created, use: rldzip.exe FILEXY.rldzip -v You can see that the function crashes! I'd like to know why is this happening! /* Sa se scrie un program care: a) arhiveaza fisiere b) dezarhiveaza fisierele athivate */ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> struct content{ char *text; char *flname; }*arc; FILE *f; void readcont(char *x){ FILE *p; if((p = fopen(x, "rb")) == NULL){ perror("Critical error: "); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } content aux; int i; fread(&i, sizeof(int), 1, p); printf("\nFiles in %s \n\n", x); while(i-- >1 && fread(&aux, sizeof(struct content), 1, p) != 0) printf("%s \n", aux.flname); fclose(p); printf("\n\n"); } void archive(int argc, char **argv){ int i; char inttext[5000], textline[1000]; //Allocate dynamic memory for the content to be archived! arc = (content*)malloc(argc * sizeof(content)); for(i=1; i< argc; i++) { if((f = fopen(argv[i], "r")) == NULL){ printf("%s: ", argv[i]); perror(""); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while(!feof(f)){ fgets(textline, 5000, f); strcat(inttext, textline); } arc[i-1].text = (char*)malloc(strlen(inttext) + 1); strcpy(arc[i-1].text, inttext); arc[i-1].flname = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[i]) + 1); strcpy(arc[i-1].flname, argv[i]); fclose(f); } char *filen; filen=(char*)malloc(strlen(argv[argc])+1+7); strcpy(filen, argv[argc]); strcat(filen, ".rldzip"); f = fopen(filen, "wb"); fwrite(&argc, sizeof(int), 1, f); fwrite(arc, sizeof(content), argc, f); fclose(f); printf("Success! "); for(i=1; i< argc; i++) { (i==argc-1)? printf("and %s ", argv[i]) : printf("%s ", argv[i]); } printf("compressed into %s", filen); readcont(filen); free(filen); } void help(char *v){ printf("\n\n----------------------RLDZIP----------------------\n\nUsage: \n\n Archive n files: \n\n%s $file[1] $file[2] ... $file[n] $output -a\n\nExample:\n%s a.txt b.txt c.txt output -a\n\n\n\nView files:\n\n %s $file.rldzip -v\n\nExample:\n %s fileE.rldzip -v\n\n", v, v, v, v); } void runoptions(int c, char **v){ int i; if(c < 2){ printf("Arguments missing! Use -h for help"); } else{ for(i=0; i<c; i++) if(strcmp(v[i], "-h") == 0){ help(v[0]); exit(2); } for(i=0; i<c; i++) if(strcmp(v[i], "-v") == 0){ if(c != 3){ printf("Arguments misused! Use -h for help"); exit(2); } else { printf("-%s-", v[1]); readcont(v[1]); } } } if(strcmp(v[c-1], "-a") == 0) archive(c-2, v); } main(int argc, char **argv) { runoptions(argc, argv); }

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  • Good code architecture for this problem?

    - by RCIX
    I am developing a space shooter game with customizable ships. You can increase the strength of any number of properties of the ship via a pair of radar charts*. Internally, i represent each ship as a subclassed SpaceObject class, which holds a ShipInfo that describes various properties of that ship. I want to develop a relatively simple API that lets me feed in a block of relative strengths (from minimum to maximum of what the radar chart allows) for all of the ship properties (some of which are simplifications of the underlying actual set of properties) and get back a ShipInfo class i can give to a PlayerShip class (that is the object that is instantiated to be a player ship). I can develop the code to do the transformations between simplified and actual properties myself, but i would like some recommendations as to what sort of architecture to provide to minimize the pain of interacting with this translator code (i.e. no methods with 5+ arguments or somesuch other nonsense). Does anyone have any ideas? *=not actually implemented yet, but that's the plan.

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  • Powershell function that creates a array by input

    - by user2971548
    I'm quite new to Powershell and working on a little project with functions. What I'm trying to do is creating a function that takes 2 arguments. The first argument ($Item1) decides the size of the array, the second argument ($Item2) decides the value of the indexes. So if I write: $addToArray 10 5 I need the function to create a array with 10 indexes and the value 5 in each of them. The second argument would also have to take "text" as a value. This is my code so far. $testArray = @(); $indexSize = 0; function addToArray($Item1, $Item2) { while ($indexSize -ne $Item1) { $indexSize ++; } Write-host "###"; while ($Item2 -ne $indexSize) { $script:testArray += $Item2; $Item2 ++; } } Any help is appreciated. Kind regards Dennis Berntsson

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  • Is it bad practice to use python's getattr extensively?

    - by Wilduck
    I'm creating a shell-like environment. My original method of handleing user input was to use a dictionary mapping commands (strings) to methods of various classes, making use of the fact that functions are first class objects in python. For flexibility's sake (mostly for parsing commands), I'm thinking of changing my setup such that I'm using getattr(command), to grab the method I need and then passing arguments to it at the end of my parser. Another advantage of this approach is not having to update my (currently statically implemented) command dictionary every time I add a new method/command. My question is, will I be taking a hit to the efficiency of my shell? Does it matter how many methods/commands I have? I'm currently looking at 30 some commands, which could eventually double.

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  • Self-Configuring Classes W/ Command Line Args: Pattern or Anti-Pattern?

    - by dsimcha
    I've got a program where a lot of classes have really complicated configuration requirements. I've adopted the pattern of decentralizing the configuration and allowing each class to take and parse the command line/configuration file arguments in its c'tor and do whatever it needs with them. (These are very coarse-grained classes that are only instantiated a few times, so there is absolutely no performance issue here.) This avoids having to do shotgun surgery to plumb new options I add through all the levels they need to be passed through. It also avoids having to specify each configuration option in multiple places (where it's parsed and where it's used). What are some advantages/disadvantages of this style of programming? It seems to reduce separation of concerns in that every class is now doing configuration stuff, and to make programs less self-documenting because what parameters a class takes becomes less explicit. OTOH, it seems to increase encapsulation in that it makes each class more self-contained because no other part of the program needs to know exactly what configuration parameters a class might need.

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  • How to preserve object identity across different VMs

    - by wheleph
    To be specific let me illustrate the question with Spring http-remoting example. Suppose we have such implementation of a simple interface: public SearchServiceImpl implements SearchService { public SearchJdo processSearch(SearchJdo search) { search.name = "a funky name"; return search; } } SearchJdo is itself a simple POJO. Now when we call the method from a client through http-remoting we'll get: public class HTTPClient { public static void main(final String[] arguments) { final ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "spring-http-client-config.xml"); final SearchService searchService = (SearchService) context.getBean("searchService"); SearchJdo search = new SearchJdo(); search.name = "myName"; // this method actually returns the same object it gets as an argument SearchJdo search2 = searchService.processSearch(search); System.out.println(search == search2); // prints "false" } } The problem is that the search objects are different because of serializaton although from logical prospective they are the same. The question is whether there are some technique that allows to support or emulate object identity across VMs.

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  • accesing local exe file from asp.net application

    - by sansknwoledge
    hi, i am having a intranet asp.net application , all the clients connected to it is having a specific .exe file in their local disk, now i want to execute the .exe file from the .net application hosted in a intranet server. i used this code to do that Dim psi As New System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo() psi.WorkingDirectory = "C:\\" psi.FileName = "c:\\Project1.exe" '"file:///c:/Project1.exe" psi.Arguments = iApqpId 'cTimeMaster.APQPID psi.UseShellExecute = False System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(psi) but it is throwing a error the system cannot find the file specified. is it having a permission issue on local system or any thing else, any help would be greatly appriciated. thanks and regards

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  • c#: RedirectStandardOutput prevents exit exception?

    - by user1743977
    All I want is to redirect standard output of a process to a file. Sounds easy, but everything I tried doesn't work: 1) putting a dos-style redirection in the list of arguments (e.g. "param1 param2 output.txt") doesn't work, 2) using RedirectStandardOutput = true works, BUT, apparently the process does not through an exception when it exists. So the handler defined via process.Exited += ... doesn't catch anything. To be clear, once I remove the 'RedirectStandardOutput = true ' statement, it DOES catch an exception. What am I doing wrong ? Thanks, Ofer

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  • Can you change/redirect a django form's function by passing in your own function?

    - by Derek
    I'm dealing with django-paypal and want to change the button src images. So I went the the conf.py file in the source and edited the src destination. However, I really want to leave the source alone, and I noticed that the class PayPalPaymentsForm(forms.Form): has def get_image(self): return { (True, self.SUBSCRIBE): SUBSCRIPTION_SANDBOX_IMAGE, (True, self.BUY): SANDBOX_IMAGE, (True, self.DONATE): DONATION_SANDBOX_IMAGE, (False, self.SUBSCRIBE): SUBSCRIPTION_IMAGE, (False, self.BUY): IMAGE, (False, self.DONATE): DONATION_IMAGE, }[TEST, self.button_type] which handles all the image src destinations. Since changing this def in the source is worse than changing conf, I was wondering if there was a way to pass in customized defs you make like passing in initial arguments in forms? This way no source code is changed, and I can customize the get_image def as much as I need. passing in def something like this? def get_image(self): .... .... paypal = { 'amount': 10, 'item_name': 'test1', 'item_number': 'test1_slug', # PayPal wants a unique invoice ID 'invoice': str(uuid.uuid4()), } form = PayPalPaymentsForm(initial=paypal, get_image) Thanks!

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  • Inverse Factorial Function (Prolog)

    - by user2796815
    I have to write a Prolog program to computer the inverse of factorial function without using division. I was also given the note: "the inverse of a function is not necessarily a function". I have this is a normal factorial predicate.. fact(0,1). fact(N,F) :- N0, N1 is N-1, fact(N1,F1), F is N * F1. I've read on some other posts that you should be able to just switch around the arguments, but that doesn't seem to be the case with this version. Could anyone help me out with figuring out why?

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  • Why people are so afraid of using clone() (on collection and JDK classes) ?

    - by Bozho
    A number of times I've argued that using clone() isn't such a bad practice. Yes, I know the arguments. Bloch said it's bad. He indeed did, but he said that implementing clone() is bad. Using clone on the other hand, especially if it is implemented correctly by a trusted library, such as the JDK, is OK. Just yesterday I had a discussion about an answer of mine that merely suggests that using clone() for ArrayList is OK (and got no upvotes for that reason, I guess). If we look at the @author of ArrayList, we can see a familiar name - Josh Bloch. So clone() on ArrayList (and other collections) is perfectly fine. (Just look at the implementation). Same goes for Calendar and perhaps most of the java.lang and java.util classes. So, give me a reason why not to use clone() with JDK classes?

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  • Issue when I'm trying to draw gradient in swift

    - by bagusflyer
    I got an error when I was trying to draw gradient in Swift code: GradientView.swift:31:40: Could not find an overload for '__conversion' that accepts the supplied arguments Here is my code: let context : CGContextRef = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext() let locations :CGFloat[] = [ 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 ] let colors = [UIColor.redColor().CGColor,UIColor.greenColor().CGColor,UIColor.blueColor().CGColor, UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor] let colorspace : CGColorSpaceRef = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB() let gradient : CGGradientRef = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorspace, colors, locations) //CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorspace,colors,locations) let startPoint : CGPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0) let endPoint : CGPoint = CGPointMake(500,500) CGContextDrawLinearGradient(context, gradient,startPoint, endPoint, 0); The problem is the CGGradientCreateWithColors takes CFArray not a normal Swift Array. I have no idea how to convert CFArray to Array and can't find anything in Apple's document. Any idea? Thanks

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  • No-overflow cast on x64

    - by Cheeso
    I have an existing C codebase that works on x86. I'm now compiling it for x64. What I'd like to do is cast a size_t to a DWORD, and throw an exception if there's a loss of data. Q: Is there an idiom for this? Here's why I'm doing this: A bunch of Windows APIs accept DWORDs as arguments, and the code currently assumes sizeof(DWORD)==sizeof(size_t). That assumption holds for x86, but not for x64. So when compiling for x64, passing size_t in place of a DWORD argument, generates a compile-time warning. In virtually all of these cases the actual size is not going to exceed 2^32. But I want to code it defensively and explicitly. This is my first x64 project, so... be gentle.

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