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  • How to remove NTFS system files from a previous Vista installation

    - by Boldewyn
    I'm trying to shrink my system partition under Win Vista. It's all fine, except that in front of the last 300MB of the volume sits a single file, that cannot be moved by defrag or other means from its position. It's called C:\$Extend\$UsnJrnl:$J, and my assumtion is, that it is left from a previous installation of Vista, when I re-set up the system. Now, googling for this kind of files brings interesting results, but no solution to my problem: Files left on the disk can become ownerless in a new setup of Windows and inaccessible (even for administrators). To be able to access them again, I found the tip to use takeown to re-assign them to the Admin group (or anyone else). Works like a charm for normal files, but not for the C:\$Extend stuff. The C:\$Extend folder is a system folder of the NTFS file system, where the journal is stored (especially in a file called $UsnJrnl:$Data, whose name is surprisingly close to mine). You can delete the journal with fsutil usn /delete C:, however, this doesn't work from within the booted system (as I found out trying). Also, I'm not quite sure of the side effects. You can't move the NTFS own files with standard defrag tools. The same holds, by the way, for not accessible files. Every bit of knowledge out there is targeted to either not accessible files or the $Extend NTFS stuff, but noone addresses my problem involving both, an inaccessible system file. Question: How can I remove this file, or at least how can I move it on the disk?

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  • Why are ISP's installing routers on my site when the feed is a form of ethernet already?

    - by Cosmin Prund
    I'm connected to 3 ISP's right now. Two of them already have routers at my site, the third one announced me "they need to install some equipment" when I requested BGP session. I can only assume they need to install a Router, since that connection is now working fine, using the usual /30 net block for the connection, and the "last-mile" solution is not going to change since they only installed it last week and the BGP was in the contract from the beginning. I simply don't understand this: the "feed" is already a form of ethernet. Even those they're using different technologies for the last mile, they're all entering the ISP router using an RJ45 WAN port. I assume the ISP router does something really important that can't be done by the Big Router on the other end of the connection. It must also be something that can hurt them if miss-configured, since they don't trust us (the client) to do the stuff on our router. And I'm not talking cheap throw-away routers here: One of the routers is Cisco 2800. Edit to add network details: I'm connected to 3 ISP's, two over Radio links, one over Fiber Optic. One of the radio links is going to get dropped and the other radio link will be turned into fiber sometime next year. The fiber is 20 Mbit, radio 1 is 40 Mbit and radio 2 is 2 Mbit. I've got a /24 of provider independent address space. I'm not doing out-of-the ordinary stuff with my network, I'm overly connected because my network needs to be "up" all the time.

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  • Can I boot up a virtual machine natively?

    - by Anshul
    My question is: Is is possible to run a virtual machine natively on your hardware if you have installed the proper drivers etc? In other words, can I use a VHD as a regular hard drive to boot from? The reason I want to do this is that I do both graphics-intensive and audio-intensive work, but my computer is not powerful enough to handle both at the same time and many times I install a bunch of audio programs that I don't want affecting the stability of my graphics programs. Basically I wanted to have sandboxing between the two sets of applications. So I tried running the graphics-intensive programs in a VirtualBox VM and the audio-intensive work natively (simply because it's a pain to route ASIO audio devices in/out of VirtualBox). This kind-of works - the graphics-intensive stuff is tolerable, but still relatively slow, because it's running inside a VM. So my next idea was to just dual-boot and install the graphics and audio programs in separate partitions but I frequently use them in tandem, so it wouldn't be practical to reboot my machine every time I need to use the other set of programs. But I could live with this scenario: If I need to do more audio-intensive stuff, I'll just boot up to the audio partition and run the graphics programs in a VM, and then when I'm working heavily on the graphics part, I'll just boot the graphics partition as a regular OS directly on the hardware. Is this possible? For example by booting up a VHD as a regular hard drive? Or by setting up dual-boot, and every time the audio partition is shut down, synchronize the graphics VM VHD with the native graphics partition? Is it practical, given the above scenario? And if it's not possible, barring buying another computer, can anyone suggest a best-of-all-worlds setup (the two worlds being performance, sandboxing, and running in parallel) for the above scenario? Thanks in advance.

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  • central apache log analysis of many hosts

    - by Jason Antman
    We have 30+ apache httpd servers, and are looking to perform analysis on the logs both for historical trending and near "real time" monitoring/alerting. I'm mainly interested in things like error rates (4xx/5xx), response time, overall request rate, etc. but it would also be very useful to pull out more compute-intensive statistics like unique client IPs and user agents per unit of time. I'm leaning towards building this as a centralized collector/server/storage, and am also considering the possibility of storing non-apache logs (i.e. general syslog, firewall logs, etc.) in the same system. Obviously a large part of this will probably have to be custom (at least the connection between pieces and the parsing/analysis we do), but I haven't been able to find much information on people who have done stuff like this, at least at shops smaller than Google/Facebook/etc. who can throw their log data into a hundred-node compute cluster and run Map/Reduce on it. The main things I'm looking for are: - All open source - Some way of collecting logs from apache machines that isn't too resource-intensive, and transports them relatively quickly over the network - Some way of storing them (NoSQL? key-value store?) on the backend, for a given amount of time (and then rolling them up into historical averages) - In the middle of this, a way of graphing in near-real-time (probably also with some statistical analysis on it) and hopefully alerting off of those graphs. Any suggestions/pointers/ideas, to either "products"/projects or descriptions of how other people do this would be greatly helpful. Unfortunately, we're not exactly a new-age-y devops shop, lots of old stuff, homogeneous infrastructure, and strained boxes.

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  • Regarding partitions for dual-booting Ubuntu with pre-existing Windows 7

    - by Shasteriskt
    I have zero actual experience with configuring disk partitions and the stuff I have read for the past few hours have been confusing me a bit, so please bear with me. First of all, I'd like to explain what I'm setting to achieve: Windows 7 with: C:\ Windows 7 (pre-existing installation) D:\ Data (Already exists and has files already) Ubuntu 11 - Does not exist yet, but I already have a LiveCD in hand. \root directory for Ubuntu \home on its own partition I plan \swap on its own partition with around 8GB Here is the current situation: I have a single 500 GB hard-disk with Windows 7 x64 installed, and the current partition schemes is as follows: System Reserved: 100 MB (Primary, Active) C: 100 GB - Where Windows 7 is installed (Primary) D: 365 GB - Where my files are located, LOTS of free space (Primary) Now, I would like to shrink my D: drive and create around 40 GB of unallocated disk space for the Ubuntu installation, but here what's confusing me a bit: I'm thinking I would create an extended partition and subdivide it into 3 logical partitions for the Ubuntu setup I had in mind. (If you think my setup is a bad idea, please let me know & why. I also hope you can suggest a better one...) I am aware that I can only have up to 4 primary partitions, or 3 primary partitions with 1 extended parition max. Now, does the System Recovery portion count as one primary partition? I'm really new to these things and it is totally unclear to me. In shrinking my D: drive using Windows 7's Disk Management tool, I would get an unallocated free space which I don't know how to make an extended partition from. It seems like I can only create a primary partition from it, not an extended one. How do I go about it? (I'd also like to note, if it is of any importance, that I am trying to avoid using the option to install Ubuntu alongside Windows, and much rather prefer using the custom install where I can specify which drives I wish to use and stuff. Somehow I feel its safer that way.)

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  • Virtualbox Networking: XP Guest, Ubuntu Host: Connecting to Windows servers & local network?

    - by user51833
    Here's what I have: Windows XP running in VirtualBox 3.0.8_OSE r53138; Host OS = Ubuntu 9.10 "Karmic Koala"; Windows network in my office with smb fileservers; Guest OS is connected to the internet and is sharing folders with Host OS; Limited networking expertise. Here's what I actually need to do: Use MS Outlook in my XP guest with all its calendar-sharing features and stuff (if this is all done through the internet then great) - or find a Linux app that can do the same stuff; Map Windows network servers, eg. smb://server01/ in my XP guest (I can already access these in Ubuntu. Here's what I've tried with no luck: Entering the server address (example above) in my XP guest windows explorer address bar (got a "could not access the file, path or drive" error message - maybe if I could enter login/pass information? But I don't know how); Mapping the server as a network drive (Windows could not find the path); Mounting the server as one of my shared folders (I couldn't find it through the shared folders browser in VirtualBox - is there somewhere in the Linux filesystem that Ubuntu keeps links to mounted servers?).

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  • nginx proxying different servers for different subdomains

    - by The.Anti.9
    i just set up an nginx server. On the same computer as nginx, I have apache running on port 8000 (this was previously set up.) and I want no subdomain and the www. subdomain to go to the local apache instance. But i want the stuff. subdomain to link to my server where i keep all my miscellaneous files (pictures, documents, etc.), which is also listening on port 80 at the ip 192.168.1.102. I tried configuring it, but when i go to my domain, I just get the "Welcome to nginx!". Here's what I have: user www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name theanti9.com www.theanti9.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8000; } } server { listen 80; server_name stuff.theanti9.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.102:80; } } } I'm not really sure what's wrong. Any suggestions?

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  • Apache LDAP with local groups

    - by Greg Ogle
    I have a server that currently uses htpasswd to authenticate users. I'm migrating to using LDAP, but my LDAP server is only for user authentication, not allowing me to add groups. I still need to use groups as they are used for access control via the Apache Directory tags in my configuration. The alternative is to revisit the access control altogether, using php or something of the sort to limit access. this works for 'basic' authentication <Directory /misc/www/html/site> #LDAP & other config stuff irrelevant to issue Require ldap-group cn=<service>,ou=Groups,dc=<service>,dc=<org>,dc=com </Directory> attempted <Directory /misc/www/html/site> #LDAP & other config stuff irrelevant to issue #groups file from previous configuration using htpasswd #tried to tweak to match new user format, but I don't think it looks up in here AuthGroupFile /misc/www/htpasswd/groups #added the group, which is how it works when using htpasswd Require ldap-group cn=<service>,ou=Groups,dc=<service>,dc=<org>,dc=com group xyz </Directory>

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  • How to go about rotating logs which are arbitrary named and placed in deeply nested directories?

    - by Roman Grazhdan
    I have a couple of hosts which are basically a playground for developers. On these hosts, each of them has a directory under /tmp where he is free to do all he wants - store files, write logs etc. Of course, the logs are to be rotated, or else the disc will be 100% full in a week. The files can be plenty, but I've dealt with it with paths like /tmp/[a-e]*/* and so on and lived happily for a while, but as they try new cool stuff on the machine logrotate rules grow ugly and unmanageable, and it's getting more difficult to understand which files hit the glob. Also, logrotate would segfault if asked to rotate a socket. I don't feel like trying to enforce some naming policies in that environment, I think it's going to take quite a lot of time and get people annoyed and still would fail at some point. And I still need to manage the logs, not just rm the dirs at night. So is it a good idea in circumstances like these to write a script which would handle these temporary files? I prefer sticking with standard utilities whenever possible, but here I think logrotate is getting less and less manageable. And probably someone heard of some logrotate alternatives which would work well in such an environment? I don't need emailing logs or some other advanced features, so theoretically some well commented find | xargs would do. P.S. I do have a log aggregator but this stuff is not going to touch my little cute logstash machine.

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  • Ways to parse NCSA combined based log files

    - by Kyle
    I've done a bit of site: searching with Google on Server Fault, Super User and Stack Overflow. I also checked non site specific results and and didn't really see a question like this, so here goes... I did spot this question, related to grep and awk which has some great knowledge but I don't feel the text qualification challenge was addressed. This question also broadens the scope to any platform and any program. I've got squid or apache logs based on the NCSA combined format. When I say based, meaning the first n col's in the file are per NCSA combined standards, there might be more col's with custom stuff. Here is an example line from a squid combined log: 1.1.1.1 - - [11/Dec/2010:03:41:46 -0500] "GET http://yourdomain.com:8080/en/some-page.html HTTP/1.1" 200 2142 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; C) AppleWebKit/532.4 (KHTML, like Gecko)" TCP_MEM_HIT:NONE I'd like to be able to parse n logs and output specific columns, for sorting, counting, finding unique values etc The main challenge and what makes it a little tricky and also why I feel this question hasn't yet been asked or answered, is the text qualification conundrum. When I spotted asql from the grep/awk question, I was very excited but then realised that it didn't support combined out of the box, something I'll look at extending I guess. Looking forward to answers, and learning new stuff! Answers doesn't have to be limited to platform or program/language. For the context of this question, the platforms I use the most are Linux or OSX. Cheers

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  • Windows 7 Paging file apparently not being used

    - by Daniel F.
    I'm running Windows 7 Home Premium 32bit on a mobo with 24GB RAM. Of those 24GB, 20GB are assigned as a RAMDISK via ASRock XFastRAM. This RAMDISK has the drive letter X assigned to it. On X:\ I'm storing the temporary files folder, as well as pagefile.sys. Pagefile.sys has 6GB of size. The X:\ has usually around 14GB free space, so the temporary files are negligible, it's mostly the browsers which are storing their caches on there. Now my issue is that Firefox is crashing a lot on me, no error message pops up, but I know that this is because it's out of memory. I could kind of live with that, but now that I switched from using Eclipse to Android Studio, I know that I'm in trouble, because Java isn't capable of allocating, and Android Studio, together with the Java instances it launches, is quite a memory hog. So I tried to figure out what's wrong, and apparently Windows isn't swapping out memory onto the paging file. While my applications are crashing (firefox) / not starting (java vm's), the paging file is only using constantly around 15% of its size (checked with the performance monitor). 15% equals to 1GB aprox. I know that the correct solution would be to switch to 64 bit Windows, but I had to use the 32 bit version because of driver issues which I had about two years ago, and I guess that I'll have them again if I reformat and install the 64 bit version. Also, the machine is running quite stable, the only issue is the memory, so I'd like to use it as it is (as the apps are installed and configured) Is there a way to make Windows use the paging file more efficiently? None of my processes require more than 1GB, I'd just like it to swap out some seldomly used stuff, like GoogleCrashHandler.exe and stuff like that in order to have "more physical memory avaliable". Is that possible?

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  • ubuntu's average load never below "0.00 0.01 0.05"

    - by Karma Fusebox
    I have several ubuntu 12.04 VMs running on a ubuntu 12.04 KVM host. Those of the virtual machines that are totally idle with no services (except syslog and the other "small" standard stuff of a fresh installation) show a constant load of "0.00 0.01 0.05" in top/htop as average 1/5/15. When there are "real" applications running, the load averages behave perfectly normal but they never fall below the mentioned values. While this doesn't affect performance at all and could easily be ignored, it screws up the monitoring graphs in a very annoying way: (Notice how load15 behaves nicely if 0.05 for a short time in the right half of the pic) Unfortunately I don't know what diagnostic outputs might be helpful for you, so here's some default stuff: # top top - 16:31:01 up 1:05, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 62 total, 1 running, 61 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.2%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1019464k total, 73452k used, 946012k free, 6140k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 22504k cached . # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 995 72 923 0 6 21 -/+ buffers/cache: 43 951 Swap: 0 0 0 . # iostat -x /dev/vda Linux 3.2.0-32-virtual (vm3) 11/15/2012 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.25 0.00 0.65 0.20 0.24 98.66 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util vda 0.14 0.12 0.51 0.22 6.74 1.46 22.50 0.02 23.26 20.64 29.30 7.63 0.56 Need something else? Has anyone ever seen this behavior? Might this be a bug in kvm/ubuntu/kernel 3.x in the end? Thanks a lot!

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  • Vmware player change dhcp server settings

    - by Tathagata
    I have a Windows Server 2003 running from a Vmware player on Win 7 box. The idea is to test Windows Deployment service in the virtual network. Is it possible to configure the vmware dhcp server with WDS related stuff(option 66, 67)? I found a few references where people were using the vnetlib.exe to start, stop the dhcp serverchange the subnet mask etc - but there's no info on how to get set the dhcp server options. DHCP config from the virtual network editor I do have the Workstation, without the license for it. In the Virtual network Editor, the DHCP settings for the network I'm using, only allows me to set the subnetmask, IP ranges and stuff like that. But not the dhcp options. DHCP server on the WDS server Authorizing the DHCP server in the guest WDS server fails. The VMware player can run its own dhcp server fro the virtual network with out any authorization from the Active directory - can I do the same, with Win dhcp server in the guest Win Server? ~~~~~ Can I authorize W2K8 DHCP server for private network, even when prohibited in enterprise network? says we have to run a third party dhcp server... :/.

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  • How can I tell why I have access to a file share on Windows Server

    - by Joel
    I have a file share on a Windows 2008 R2 server in a AD domain (call it \SECURESERVER\STUFF) and I am not sure if I have the share and folder permissions set up right. I noticed the problem when I set up new server (WORKGROUP\FOREIGNSERVER) that was not joined to the domain and tried to copy some files off of \SECURESERVER\STUFF. I was surprised to find that when I tried to access the files, it did not prompt me for a username and password and proceeded to give me full access to the files. That worried me so I tried the same thing on some workstations that were not in the domain and they did NOT have the same behavior (they did prompt for a username/password as desired/expected). So, I think there is something peculiar about FOREIGNSERVER. I am logging into it with a local admin account, but my domain and SECURESERVER should know nothing of this server. I've carefully gone through the share and folder permissions on the share but I can't find the reason that FOREIGNSERVER has access. How can I find out why FOREIGNSERVER has access to SECURESERVER?

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  • Can a non-redundant RAID5 cause any serious problems (compared to RAID0)?

    - by leemes
    I used to have a three-disc RAID5 (mdadm) in my computer for personal media storage (music, videos, photos, programs, games, ...). It had three discs with 750 GB each, resulting in an array capacity of 1.5 TB. One day (one year ago), I needed one of those discs to install another operating system. I thought, I don't need the redundancy anymore since I backup the most important stuff (personal photos e.g.) on an external disc anyway. So I decided to remove one of the three discs without converting the RAID to RAID0 or even two separate discs, because I had no temporary storage (since one cannot simply convert the RAID5 to RAID0 AFAIK). So now, for about one year, I have a non-redundant RAID5 with 2 of 3 discs running. Sometimes, one of the discs has a defective contact at the power cable or something similar causing the drive to stop working temporarily (I don't know exactly what it is). Since it still works when rebooting the computer and in most cases by calling some mdadm commands, it wasn't that problematic. Note that the data is not very critical, since I still have a backup of the most important stuff. But in the last few weeks, one of the drives fails very frequently (every few hours), so it gets really annoying to manage this. My questions are: Is there any disadvantage (apart from the annoying management) of a non-redundant RAID5 (with one drive less than typical) over a RAID0? If I understand it correctly, both have no redundancy and the same capacity. On a temporary drive failure, I can restart the array in both cases, assuming that the drive itself still works after the failure. Can it happen that the drive contents alter on a drive failure, making the array inconsistent? If so, can I tell mdadm to check the array for failures (without a file system level checking tool)? Since the drive most probably only has a defective contact causing it to fail for a second only, can I tell mdadm to automatically restart the array, so I will not even notice the failure if no application wanted to access the file system during the failure?

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  • Safe to remove Python2.6 files?

    - by darkfeline
    I'm using Linux Mint 11 (will upgrade soon), and I've noticed that, even though I don't have any python2.6 packages installed with apt, there's a bunch of residual python2.6 files scattered around my drive, including, but not limited to, dist-packages in /usr/lib/python2.6 and various /usr/share stuff. Is there any way to test if these files are still being used? I'm tempted to sudo rm -rf the lot of them, but I'm scared it'll break stuff. Also, does anyone have any idea where these files could have come from? I believe I had python2.6 installed once upon a time, but I made sure to --purge them, so there shouldn't be any trace of them left, right? EDIT: after using a quick script to check all of the files, it appears most of them belong to important packages, so I won't try weeding out the few which I know are probably useless. Although I am curious why so many packages have python2.6 files when I don't even have it installed. These files are not associated with any packages and I'm not sure if they are safe to remove: /usr/bin/ipython2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.15.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/easy_install.py /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/IPython /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/ipython-0.10.1.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools.pth /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/site.py /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx.pth /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages /usr/local/lib/python2.6/site-packages /usr/share/man/man1/ipython2.6.1.gz

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  • after building in more ram, bios/debian does nothing [closed]

    - by derty
    My private server has 2x1gb Ram working with a 64bit Debian and an Q6600 Intel. This runs 2 virtual mashines on it each one recives 512mb RAM. Which you can immagine is a bit tight for the hole system. Now i got 2x2gb ram from a friend. I'm not sure if thery are clocking at the same speed, but i'm sure my power adaptor is not on his limit and can handle that. So there are 2 ram sockets left at the mainboard. I shuted down the system and build in the 4 gigs and looked what happen. After pressing the start button, everything gets noisy as known BUT the screen shows nothing, not even the bios stuff it usally does. Why isn't the system booting? I can immagine that it does not direkt link between booting debian and the bios not showing a thing. Or is it Grub? I mounted the system disk, and i can see it, switch folders write stuff with "vim" it does not seems like there is a problem.

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  • Strange Behaviour with Unicode Characters in Windows

    - by open_sourse
    Ok, I do not know if this is a programming question, but it certainly is a technical one so I am asking it here. I was working on some internationalization stuff in my PHP code, and in order to ensure that my generated HTML shows up Unicode correctly based on the encoding and stuff I decided to add some Chinese text to my PHP page, which then echoes it into the browser to complete my test case. So I went into google and typed "Chinese", copied the first Chinese text that the search returned (which was ??/??). I then copied it into Notepad++ which is my editor, and to my surprise showed up as boxes similar to [][]/[][]. So I thought the encoding in Notepad++ was messed up and I changed the encoding to UTF-8 and UCS, neither worked. I did it fresh in a newly encoded file, still I got the boxes. The same content when I paste into Google and StackOverFlow (like I did in this posting) shows up correct Chinese! I even opened up Windows Clipboard Viewer and the content is represented in the Clipboard as boxes! I tried pasting it into Windows Explorer address bar and using to rename a file to, but I still get boxes. But it shows up correctly when pasted into my Chrome Browser address bar! Is this a Windows issue? Since I am able to paste it correctly in SO, the data in memory should be encoded correctly right? But if that is the case why does it show up as boxes in the Clipboard Viewer? I am confused here...By the way I am using Windows XP with SP3. (I am asking this question here, even if it is not programmatic, because it is preventing me from running my programming test cases..)

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  • How should an experienced Windows SysAdmin learn Linux? [closed]

    - by Systemspoet
    I have a new hire starting in a few weeks who is an experienced Windows SysAdmin. I think he's fairly senior on the Windows side, with a pretty deep AD understanding and experience with Exchange 2007, 2010, and exchange migrations. He's done a little PowerShell but I suspect more of the "run this command to do this" variety then "write a script to do this" sort. However, we are a mixed shop and (he knows this) I expect him to become a reasonably competent Linux SysAdmin over time. I'm looking for good starting points to bring him along. I have over ten years of Linux/UNIX experience, so it all sort of seems intuitive to me, but I've been thinking about the toolkit you actually need to be productive in the Linux CLI world. Just to be able to use the machines at all, off the top of my head... vi Basic CLI stuff -- move around, rename files, copy files, tar, gzip, changing passwords, finding relevant manpages, keep track of where you are, find things in your history, etc, etc. More advanced things that I take for granted but are actually pretty hard -- doing things with 'find', extracting relevant text via 'awk' and/or 'cut', knowing when to use 'grep' and when to use 'grep -e' or 'egrep'. Distribution specific stuff... compiling software, rpm, yum, apt-get, you name it. This all seems pretty basic to me, but when I think back to 1995 when I was first learning my way, some of those things took me years to master. So my question is -- where should I send him to pick up those skills? I'm not just thinking of classes, but rather also websites and books? Where do you all suggest as a starting point for picking up Linux skills?

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  • Inexpensive (used) hardware for Xen virtualization test?

    - by Jason Antman
    Virtualization is one of the areas where I could really use some experience. I also run quite a few services (web, mail, dns, etc.) out of my home. Since most of my hardware is getting a bit old (I'm running on stuff that was surplused years ago...) I decided that it's about time I start renewing some things, and also play around with virtualization a bit more. My plan is to setup a SAN box (simple iSCSI target, relatively inexpensive gigE switch), get a pair (for starters) of new servers, and start building some new stuff with Xen, specifically planning on playing with live migration and full virtualization. Does anyone have recommendations for used, older "servers" (really anything in a rack-mount form factor, I'm not too worried about things like iLO/iLOM for the test nodes) that support VT-x/AMD-V? I'm biased to HP, but it looks like they didn't make Proliants with VT-x/Vanderpool processors until G6 (for the DL360) or so, which is way out of my price range. I'm looking in the sub-$300 range (or less, if possible), used, probably Ebay. Any recommendations are greatly appreciated. Edit:And, to catch this before the comments start coming - these are personal systems. I have first-generation Proliants still in use (I got them as corporate surplus in 05, they've been running since then, and probably were running since 01 or 02 prior to being sold). I don't need anything shiny and new - I've got a bunch of old boxes, at least one complete replacement for every model in use, and that's fine for me (and easy on the wallet).

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  • Compiz & Linux compositing: how does it fit into the X architecture?

    - by Latanius
    Not a really "how to solve stuff" question, but... I was wondering how the modern X architecture works, with compiz & all. What I know about it: in the beginning, there was the X server, clients connected (presumably on TCP), and then sent messages to the server to instruct it to show windows etc. because this didn't work (at all? or just fast enough?) for OpenGL & 3D acceleration, additional APIs were created for direct rendering (DRI? and, in addition to the X server, what things did the X clients talk to to render stuff and through what interfaces?) and, finally, enter Compiz: X clients end up (somehow) rendering to OpenGL textures, which is then put together to form a fancy-looking screen with translucent windows, and rendered to the screen. What I'm especially interested in is what components does the system have and how do they connect to each other? Like... if there is a box labelled "compiz" in the system... is it inside the X server? If it's not, how do the rendered images from the apps end up in it? And where does it render to? Is that another X server? Or DRI? Of course, I'd be equally happy if pointed to some docs capable of clearing up the confusion described above (conditional on they being significantly shorter than book-sized entities).

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  • New i7 is slower than old Core 2 Duo? Why? (BIOS programming)

    - by DrChase
    I've always wondered why the companies who make BIOS' either have terrible engineering psychologists or none at all. But without wasting your time further with random speculative questions, my real question is as follows: Why does my new computer run slower than my old computer? Old Computer: Intel Core 2 Duo CPU @ 3.0 Ghz (stock) 4GB OCZ DDR2 800 RAM Wolfdale E8400 mb nVidia GeForce 8600 GT New Computer: Intel Core i7 920 @ ~3.2 Ghz 6 GB OCZ DDR3 1066 RAM EVGA x58 SLI LE motherboard nVidia GeForce GTX 275 Vista x64 Home Premium on both. "Run slower" is defined as: - poorer FPS performance in the same games, applications - takes longer to start up - general desktop usage (checking email, opening up files, running exe's) is noticeably slower At first I thought I must've not set something up in the BIOS or something. But I have no idea how to set anything in the bios except for "Dummy O.C.", which brought me to ~3.2 Ghz. But beyond that I have no idea. I've been reading stuff about "ram timing" and voltages and the like but I really have no idea about that stuff. I'm a psychologist who has a basic understanding in building his own computers, not a computer scientist. Can someone give me some wisdom that might guide me to the reason my new computer is worse than my older one? I'm sorry if this is a bad question, or not appropriate to SO. I'm just pretty frustrated now and you all have helped me in the past so I figured I'd give it a shot. Thanks for your time.

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  • Can I recover a non-system disk deleted during 2008 R2 setup?

    - by serialhobbyist
    I've done a truly stupid thing and 'deleted' the data disk on a Server 2008 R2 box. Can I recover it? If so, how? I was rebuilding the box because a motherboard change had broken things. I've built loads of boxes and was going through the standard stuff without much concentration. I got to the disk screen which normally displays the two paritions on the drive: the recovery one and the system one. As normal, I deleted the two things I saw. It was only when two lots of unallocated space didn't merge into one that the full horror of what I'd done hit me. Yes, I've got backups... of the stuff I have space to back up. The real irony is that, earlier in the day, I'd ordered to 1 TB disks to deal with the problem. So, anyway, I'd really like to get this partition back because it'll save me a lot of time. How can I do it?

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  • Some Power Supply Cable Questions?

    - by jasondavis
    I am building a new PC and I haven't done this in a few years. It will have all the latest tech stuff. I got my PSU in the mail and I am looking over the cables (it has a lot) I thought it was a mudular PSU so I could only use the cables I need but instead it is a hybrid (some wires attached and some can be added/removed instead of all of then being removable). 1) So I am curious, I believe all my hard drives and optical drives are powered off of a sata power cable so does that mean I probably do not need any of the 4 pin molex cables? Or are these used for other things? 2) I know the 24-pin cable goes to my motherboard. 3) I have some 6-pin cables that are labeled pci-e which is new to me. I read these are for some grapghic cards and stuff. I have 2 grapghic cards but they do not require a seperate pci-e power wire be hooked to them. So are these pci-e wires just to power pci-express cards? Or for other things as well? 4) I have a 4pin ATX 12v wire, what is this for? 5) 8 pin EPS, what is this for?

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  • One Apache server, multiple clients - best practices for config files?

    - by OttaSean
    First time user; please be gentle. :-) (And if you don't like my question I'd be grateful for a comment as to why...) I am doing a contract at a government server shop that provides web services for multiple client groups in other areas of the government. My employer has asked me to look into how other shops, in similar situations, handle configuration files, and whether there are any best practices on the subject. I'm pretty sure there are lots of installations out there running multiple VirtualHosts out of one Apache installation, but surprisingly I couldn't find anything online about how people handle config file layout, so was hoping some of you wise folks on ServerFault might have some thoughts or pointers for me. The current setup - which seems logical to me - is that each client site has its own directory off the root - so: /client/tps-reports/ /client/silly-walks/ /client/ministry-of-magic/ and so on - and each of those directories has a /htdocs, /cgi-bin, and /conf (among others). The main /etc/apache/httpd.conf only contains Include statements (and lots of comments), the last of which is: Include /etc/apache/vhosts/*.conf The vhosts directory contains symlinks: tpsrept.conf - /client/tps-reports/conf/tpsrept.conf sillywk.conf - /client/silly-walks/conf/sillywk.conf mom.conf - /client/ministry-of-magic/mom.conf Each of those .conf files contains the actual NameVirtualHost definition and a gigantic <VirtualHost 192.168.12.34> stanza - which contains all the stuff about the specific site. The idea is that clients have access to what's in their own /client/xx directory, so they can change stuff in the section of the config that is relevant to them. As I mentioned above, that seems fairly logical to me, but I'm wondering if any of you wise folks are aware of potential gotchas with this sort of layout, or any other thoughts on why it is or isn't a good idea. In particular, how do other places do it? Is there a "best practice" for this sort of thing? Many thanks in advance for your time and any thoughts you all might have.

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