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• Why not open a PDF file in the browser but first save it to the harddisk?

  - by Lernkurve

  Question Is it correct that saving a PDF to the harddisk first, and then opening it from there with some PDF reader (not the browser) is safer than opening it directly with the browser plugin? My current understanding I know that the PDF browser plugin might have a security leak and a manipulated PDF file might exploit it and get access to the user's computer. I recently heard that saving the PDF file frist and opening it then was safer. I don't understand why that should be safer. Can anyone explain? My logic would suggest that a manipulated file started from the harddisk can just as well exploit a security leak, say for instance, of Adobe Acrobat Reader.

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• Why is business-class storage so expensive?

  - by Mark Henderson

  This is a Canonical Question about the Cost of Enterprise Storage. See also the following question: What's the best way to explain storage issues to developers and other users Regarding general questions like: Why do I have to pay 50 bucks a month per extra gigabyte of storage? Our file server is always running out of space, why doesn't our sysadmin just throw an extra 1TB drive in there? Why is SAN equipment so expensive? The Answers here will attempt to provide a better understanding of how enterprise-level storage works and what influences the price. If you can expand on the Question or provide insight as to the Answer, please post.

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• Trying to administer network setting of server via netsh

  - by Jaime

  Hi there, I am trying to configure the LAN settings of a Windows 2008 server remotely via netsh. I've been trying this command (issued at the client) assuming the IP address of the server is 192.168.0.1: netsh -r 192.168.0.1 -u 192.168.0.1\Administrator -p password lan show config but I keep getting the following message: WARNING: Could not obtain host information from machine [192.168.0.1]. Some commands may not be available. The RPC server is unavailable. Am I understanding the command above properly? Is there a step or two that I missed in setting this up? Thanks in advance. P.S. The Routing and Remove Access service on the server is enabled.

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• How Does Failover Clustering Work in Windows 2008 R2?

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I am trying to learn how the failover clustering features works with Windows 2008 R2 as I am going to be using as part of SQL Server 2012 always on. I have been able to find information on how to set it up, and what it does. However, I am having trouble finding a nice technical document on how it actually works in detail (For example with keepalived there are docs that explain how often are heartbeat packets sent, what they look like etc). I know this is a pretty broad question, but I would like to have a good understanding of mechanisms of this feature.

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• Dynamically loading sub-trees into YUI Treeview

  - by user319399

  When you create a YUI TreeView instance, you can pass in an object that represents an entire tree, and it will automatically build up the TextNodes for you. I'd like to send in a partial tree, such that the tree only goes, say, 2 levels deep, and anything deeper than that will invoke dynamic loading. I've got that much working. Now for the interesting part. In the dynamic loading callback I give to my tree instance, I want to again be able to just give YUI a big object representing more of the tree. I want to do something like this: // data is a array of objects organized into a tree, with some nodes requiring dynamic loading when they are navigated to tree = new YAHOO.widget.TreeView("treeDiv1", data); tree.setDynamicLoad(loadDataForNode); function loadDataForNode(node, onCompleteCallback) { if(node.children.length==0) { var subTree = { "label":"Cars", isLeaf:false, children:[ { "label":"Chevy", isLeaf:true }, { "label":"Ford", isLeaf:true }, ] }; // doesn't work, even though it has the required "label" field var tempNode = new YAHOO.widget.TextNode(subTree, node, true); } onCompleteCallback(); } Is this possible? Or do I have to iterate over all the nodes in my subtree and construct individual TextNodes for each one? Thanks much...

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• nginx redirect to a subdomain even without trailing slashes

  - by Oliver A.

  Hi, I just installed and partially configured nginx on a dedicated server of mine. But I've got some trouble understanding the regexp. I would like to make nginx redirect www.mydomain.com/forum/ AND www.mydomain.com/forum (note the missing trailing slash; case-insensitive; same applies for "forums" instead of "forum") to forum.mydomain.com/. This is what I came up with: location ~* ^/(forum|forums) { rewrite ^/(.*)/(.*)$ http://forum.mydomain.com/$2? permanent; } ... but for some reason it works with trailing slashes only. :-/ Please help me! Thanks in advance!

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• Windows 8 Media Center Pack Install Fails with DoTransmogrify failed due to error 0x80070011

  - by Conrad Frix

  When I attempt to use Add Features to install the Windows 8 Media Center pack I get the "Something Went Wrong" Message Checking %localappdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Anytime Upgrade\Upgrade.log I can see the following error block 2012-10-27 18:43:13, Error WAU DoTransmogrify failed due to error 0x80070011. 2012-10-27 18:43:13, Error WAU UpgradeSKU failed. Exiting. 2012-10-27 18:43:13, Error WAU The worker process exited unexpectedly 2012-10-27 18:43:13, Error WAU Something went wrong 2012-10-27 18:43:13, Error WAU Close this wizard and try again. My understanding is that 0x80070011 means Error_Not_Same_Device. I think this may be related to the fact that C:\Users is a junction point to D:\Users Do I have to move my users directory back? Is there a workaround?

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• Convert png sequence to x264 with ffmpeg

  - by Thucydides411

  I am trying to convert a series of pngs into an mp4 video. I am using ffmpeg, and want to encode the video with the x264 codec. Using the command ffmpeg -y -r 30 -b 1800k -i _tmp%04d.png -vcodec libx264 out.mp4 I get the following warning message Incompatible pixel format 'bgra' for codec 'libx264', auto-selecting format 'yuv420p' My understanding is that there is an alpha channel in the pngs, which the x264 encoder cannot handle. Is there a way to get around this problem? Is there, for example, a way to get the encoder to ignore the alpha channel (my pngs don't actually have any transparent elements)? I'm aware that I could batch convert the pngs beforehand to strip the alpha channel, but the sequence of images is produced by another program, and having to preprocess the images each time I make a video would be less than optimal. Edit: After stripping the alpha channel from each frame using the command convert in.png -background white -flatten +matte out.png ffmpeg gives the warning message Incompatible pixel format 'pal8' for codec 'libx264', auto-selecting format 'yuv420p' so still no dice.

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• Lazy Loading Association and Casting

  - by Zuber

  I am using NHibernate 2.0.1 and .NET I am facing issues with Lazy loading an association I have a BusinessObject class that has associations to other BusinessObject in it, and it can go deeper. The following function is in the BusinessObject to read the values of a collection in the BusinessObject. public virtual object GetFieldValue(string fieldName) { var fieldItems = fieldName.Split(AppConstants.DotChar); var objectToRead = this; for (var i = 0; i < fieldItems.Length - 1; i++) { objectToRead = (BusinessObject) objectToRead.GetFieldValue(fieldItems[i]); } //if (objectToRead._data == null) return objectToRead.SystemId + " Error: _data was null"; return objectToRead.FieldValue(fieldName.LastItem()); } The FieldValue function is described below private object FieldValue(string fieldName) { return _data.Contains(fieldName) ? _data[fieldName] : null; } The BusinessObject has a dictionary_data which stores the field values. Assume the fieldName is BusinessDriver.Description and the BusinessObject which has this field is StrategyBusinessDriver This code breaks down the field name into two - BusinessDriver & Description. The first iteration reads the BusinessDriver object from StrategyBusinessDriver. It is cast into a BusinessObject type so that I can call the GetFieldValue again on it to read the next field i.e Description in the BusinessDriver. The problem is that when I read the BusinessDriver in the first iteration and cast it, I get the Ids and all other details of the BusinessObject but the field dictionary _data and other collections are not fetched. This should be fetched lazily when I read the _data of the BusinessObject. However, this does not happen and I get an error that _data is null. Is there something wrongly coded because of which the collection is not fetched lazily? Please ask for more clarifications if needed. Thanks in advance. UPDATE: It works when I don't do Lazy load.

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• security issue of Linux sudo command?

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, 1. I am using Red Hat Enterprise 5 Linux box. I find if a user is in /etc/sudoers file, then if the user run command with sudo, the user will run this command with root privilege (without knowing root password, the user runs sudo only need to input the user's own password in order to run a command with sudo). Is that correct understanding? 2. If yes, then is it a security hole? Since users other than root could run with root privilege? thanks in advance, George

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• Bitlocker-to-go on fixed drive

  - by Unsigned

  Scenario Two drives are connected to a computer. One via a SATA-to-USB interface, the other directly via a SATA-to-eSATA cable. The drive on USB appears as a removable drive, the drive on eSATA appears as a fixed drive. Both use NTFS. The USB drive offers Bitlocker-To-Go, the eSATA drive only offers BitLocker. Question It is my understanding that drives encrypted with BitLocker-To-Go include an app to allow Windows XP read-only access to the volume. Is this the only difference, and is there a way to use Bitlocker-To-Go on the eSATA drive? Update Another difference is found here: The recovery key is required when a BitLocker-protected fixed data drive configured for automatic unlocking is moved to another computer.[1] Assuming that does not apply to removable drives.

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• Where should I go to learn about networking? [closed]

  - by Ollie Saunders

  I wonder if anyone could recommend resource or resources such as a good book that: explains how all the important protocols work and interact. I’m interested in those that are relevant in a typical home network and used over the Internet explains in detail how ADSL Internet connections work to the level of depth necessary so that I’m able to tweak and measure performance settings starts from the beginning but attempts to provide proper understanding rather than idiot-oriented steps to follow Basically, I’m interested in how these technologies work and tend to be implemented in hardware and software rather than “here’s what to do if…” I’m interested in Computer Networking by Andrew S. Tanenbaum and I wonder if anyone else has any experience with that title. It’s expensive but I could probably loan a copy for £3 from the library or so.

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• Upgrading kernel on Debian server hosting Xen 3.2.1

  - by mitnosirrag

  I have a physical server running Debian 6 and Xen Hypervisor 3.2.1, and kernal -a says "2.6.26-1-xen-amd64". I have not updated for a long time, because when I run apt-get upgrade, one of the updates is linux-image-2.6-amd64. My understanding was that my kernel needs to have Xen support, will upgrading to this kernel break my dom0? I have myself up against a wall, because I host a VM for a website that isn't mine, so I need the latest security updates, but can't risk taking them offline. Eventually they will move off, and I won't be hosting something I am unqualified to host, but that isn't the point right now.

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• Are there any FIPS-140-2 certified solutions for Linux?

  - by Mark Renouf

  I'm not even 100% certain what this involves, but my current understanding is this: use of only approved cryptographic algorithms for network traffic (easy, we use SSL and lock down the algorithms to only the really strong ones). Some form of physical data protection, involving disk encryption and physical tamper evident packaging. Obviously we're on our own if we need a tamper-proof product. But what about software for encrpytion. My guess is just using LUKS (although secure) will not be certified because it's open source (gov't seems a bit biased towards proprietary solutions here). Guardian Edge was mentioned by someone, but that appears to be complete Windows-based. So we need something like it, certified FIPS-140 compliant we can use on Linux.

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• kernel software trap handling

  - by Tony

  I'm reading a book on Windows Internals and there's something I don't understand: "The kernel handles software interrupts either as part of hardware interrupt handling or synchronously when a thread invokes kernel functions related to the software interrupt." So does this mean that software interrupts or exceptions will only be handled under these conditions: a. When the kernel is executing a function from said thread related to the software exception(trap) b. when it is already handling a hardware trap Is my understanding of this correct? The next bit: "In most cases, the kernel installs front-end trap handling functions that perform general trap handling tasks before and after transferring control to other functions that field the trap." I don't quite understand what it means by 'front-end trap handling functions' and 'field the trap'? Can anyone help me?

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• How is virtual machine port opening works

  - by Xianlin

  I have a question regarding VM port. Say I have a Virtual Machine and a Host Machine. The opening ports on Host are 80, 22, 443 only. if I opened ports 80, 22, 443 VM it should be working. However if I opened port 21 on VM, will it work? If it works, does it mean the port 21 on Host is opened also? My understanding is that the network traffic goes from VM's virtual network adapter to Host's physical network adapter. So the ports on these 2 network adapters should match. Am I correct to say this?

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• please explain my fio results - is O_SYNC|O_DIRECT misbehaving on linux?

  - by Zoltan

  I'm going mad over figuring out what the problem could be with one of our storage boxes. With a simple fio script I'm testing random writes using bs=1M and direct=1. The SSD is a Samsung 840pro attached to an LSI HBA (3Gbit/s ports). This is the result I'm getting under FreeBSD 9.1: WRITE: io=13169MB, aggrb=224743KB/s, minb=224743KB/s, maxb=224743KB/s, mint=60002msec, maxt=60002msec This is regardless of sync being set to 0 or 1. On linux, this is the result with sync=0: WRITE: io=14828MB, aggrb=253060KB/s, minb=253060KB/s, maxb=253060KB/s, mint=60001msec, maxt=60001msec and with sync=1: WRITE: io=6360.0MB, aggrb=108542KB/s, minb=108542KB/s, maxb=108542KB/s, mint=60001msec, maxt=60001msec My understanding is that since I'm operating on the raw block device, O_SYNC should not make any difference - there's no filesystem, any barrier, anything between the writes and the drive itself. Especially with O_DIRECT|O_SYNC set. Any ideas? For reference, here's the fio script I'm testing with: [global] bs=1M ioengine=sync iodepth=4 size=16g direct=1 runtime=60 filename=/dev/sdh sync=1 [rand-write] rw=randwrite stonewall

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• rsync command deletion error "IO error encountered -- skipping file deletion"

  - by Jam88

  I use rsync command to take backup of files from one of my ubuntu server to another ubuntu machine. Backup server trigger a script that use rysnc command. Here is the command I use rsync -rltvh --partial --stats --exclude=.beagle/ --exclude=.* --delete-after root@live_server:/home/ /home/live_server_backup/home /tmp/logfile.log 2&1 live_server is ssh-able without password. So it works. Now problem is with --delete-after option After all file synced .At the end I can see deletion procedure skipped.logfile error is like IO error encountered -- skipping file deletion When i tried to find log there were some error while file sync rsync: send_files failed to open "/home/xyz/Desktop/PPT_session_1_context.pdf": Permission denied (13) So my understanding is as rsync could not read all the files from target for safety reason it is skipping the file deletion. Is there any way to make --delete-after work even if there is some permission error? I do not want to use force deletion as it will be dangerous in some situation.

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• Right to Left UI in iPhone (Hebrew)

  - by Reflog

  Hello, I'm struggling in creating a RTL UI in iPhone application. The framework doesn't seem to have any support for RTL languages. The only thing is the alignment inside labels, which is nice, but it conflicts with other controls behaviour. The question is: Is there a working code for a RTL TableView? Something that would handle the disclosure buttons to be on the left, section titles to be right aligned, index view to be left aligned? As far as I understand I cannot move the index view of the tableview, i have to overlay some custom control... Any suggestions/pointers/examples? p.s. this is not a duplication of this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1677988/right-to-left-alignment-for-uitableview since what I am looking for is a deeper customization, not just a new type of CellView. (Update: Mar 10) For now - I've removed support for indexView from the tableView at all, implemented the cells as custom views by myself (with disclosure buttons on the left), and customized the header/footer of the table as well. the only thing that is left is the Index View. Thanks in advance!

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• Ubuntu 12.04 Netinstall URL? Xen Host

  - by notFound

  Well I have an Xen server, I've got a CentOS container up fine but a friend of mine wants (oh god) Ubuntu Server 12.04, why he can't use Debian is beyond my understanding. But anyways, I can't remember how I installed the CentOS container but I'm giving virt-manager a try now, since I don't have a disk image already the only option is to get a Network Install URL since I'm using PV. So does anyone know what I should type in there, if it was CentOS I could easily type http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6.2/os/i386 for example. The furthest I've got in finding a suitable URL is http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/ but that of course wont work. Any ideas?

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• Confusion over terminology SSH, Shell, Terminal, Command Prompt and Telnet

  - by byronyasgur

  I don't usually use SSH if I can get away with it, but if I have to I do of course, and I've seemingly done this for years while still managing to remain slightly confused about these different terms ... from my basic research, this is my understanding, could someone verify/correct this? Telnet ... before SSH, not secure SSH ... ( secure shell ) the general name of the system/protocol Shell ... short name for SSH Command Line/Command Prompt ... the windows version Terminal ... the Unix version, also used by apple. Two further questions: What is the Linux version commonly called, is it just called SSH ? What is bash ?

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• Perl script and out of memory errors

  - by Kevin

  We have a midsized server with 48GB of RAM and are attempting to import a list of around 100,000 opt-in email subscribers to a new list management system written in Perl. From my understanding, Perl doesn't have imposed memory limits like PHP, and yet we are continuously getting internal server errors when attempting to do the import. When investigating the error logs, we see that the script ran out of memory. Since perl doesn't have a setting to limit the memory usage (as far as I can tell) why are we getting these errors? I doubt a small import like this is consuming 48GB of ram. We have compromised and split the list into chunks of 10,000, but would like to figure out the root cause for future fixes. This is a CentOS machine with Litespeed as the web server.

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• How backward compatible are the HSDPA mobile networks

  - by Chris Kimpton

  Hi, I have got this Huawei wifi device, which has been unlocked for other networks. Works fine in UK on Vodafone (as well as 3). We are trying to get it to work with the Claro network in Jamaica. It connects and stays connected, but fails to get a 3g connection, just the slow EDGE one. Claro support say its because Claro currently does not support the 2100MHz frequency for 3G, which is what the device uses Does that sound correct? They say I need one that: Ensure however that these devices can use the 850MHz frequency. My understanding was that the device supports up to 2100, including their 850mhz... I am thinking that maybe the APN is incorrect, but I have set it to the only value I can find on the net, namely: internet.ideasclaro.com.jm Thanks in advance, Chris

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• openwrt uses a single interface bridge?

  - by timbo

  My understanding of bridging is that it ties together two interfaces at layer 2. I am looking at a Ubiquiti Nanostation2 running OpenWRT that has an ethernet port 'eth0' and a wifi port 'ath0'. The ethernet port (the 'wan' port) is not part of the bridge and the bridge is just a single interface. Can anyone clarify this? - seems very different to Ubuntu. /etc/config/network: config 'interface' 'loopback' option 'ifname' 'lo' option 'proto' 'static' option 'ipaddr' '127.0.0.1' option 'netmask' '255.0.0.0' config 'interface' 'wan' option 'ifname' 'eth0' option 'proto' 'dhcp' config 'interface' 'wifi' option 'ipaddr' '192.168.13.1' option 'type' 'bridge' option 'proto' 'static' option 'netmask' '255.255.255.0' option 'ifname' 'wifi0'

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• Partial-stroking / Short-stroking / Half-stroking Hard Drives?

  - by Daniel Magliola

  Could anyone here explain to me what is implied by this term? (I've seen the same thing mentioned with the 3 terms). At first when I read about it, for some reason I understood that it was some way of splitting the bytes across the platters of the disk, which sounded like a good idea and obviously doesn't make sense, because that wouldn't cut disk size in half (and disk are probably already splitting bytes across platters)... The best I've come to understand is that basically instead of creating one partition for the whole size of the disk, you create 2 partitions, and use only one of them, either the one in the "center" or the one in the "rim" of the platters, and since one of the two is faster (people didn't seem to agree on which one was faster), that makes everything better. Am I understanding this correctly? Has anyone tried this with their drives and had a good outcome? Thanks!

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