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  • Doing sum's if certain conditions are true

    - by Gugu
    I am trying to build a query that does a sum if a certain parameter is set. For example: SELECT SUM(IF(<condition>,field,field)) AS total_value ...which is working correctly. But i have more than one condition in IF(), like: SELECT SUM(IF(<condition> <condition>,field,field)) AS total_value ..which is not working, could you have any idea what should be the right query for this.

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  • jQuery: click() function doesn't work on the <a> element.. why ?

    - by Patrick
    hi, I cannot trigger this click on this element $(this).find('.views-field-field-cover-fid').find('a.imagecache-coverimage').click(); The jQuery path is correct. Indeed if I print it, it gives the correct a element: console.log($(this).find('.views-field-field-cover-fid').find('a.imagecache-coverimage')); But for some reason the function click() doesn't work on it. thanks

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  • why doesn't focus() work in the following line of jquery?

    - by jela
    The following code is intended to check if 4 numbers are entered in the blurred field. If not, the field value is deleted, and the field is focused. The deletion works fine, but the the call to focus() does not work. $('input.dateValue').live('blur',function(event){ if (!(/(\d){4}$/.test($(this).attr('value')))) $(this).attr('value','').focus(); }); Why does the call to focus() not focus the field?

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  • SortedDictionary and SortedList

    - by Simon Cooper
    Apart from Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, there's two other dictionaries in the BCL - SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue> and SortedList<TKey, TValue>. On the face of it, these two classes do the same thing - provide an IDictionary<TKey, TValue> interface where the iterator returns the items sorted by the key. So what's the difference between them, and when should you use one rather than the other? (as in my previous post, I'll assume you have some basic algorithm & datastructure knowledge) SortedDictionary We'll first cover SortedDictionary. This is implemented as a special sort of binary tree called a red-black tree. Essentially, it's a binary tree that uses various constraints on how the nodes of the tree can be arranged to ensure the tree is always roughly balanced (for more gory algorithmical details, see the wikipedia link above). What I'm concerned about in this post is how the .NET SortedDictionary is actually implemented. In .NET 4, behind the scenes, the actual implementation of the tree is delegated to a SortedSet<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>. One example tree might look like this: Each node in the above tree is stored as a separate SortedSet<T>.Node object (remember, in a SortedDictionary, T is instantiated to KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>): class Node { public bool IsRed; public T Item; public SortedSet<T>.Node Left; public SortedSet<T>.Node Right; } The SortedSet only stores a reference to the root node; all the data in the tree is accessed by traversing the Left and Right node references until you reach the node you're looking for. Each individual node can be physically stored anywhere in memory; what's important is the relationship between the nodes. This is also why there is no constructor to SortedDictionary or SortedSet that takes an integer representing the capacity; there are no internal arrays that need to be created and resized. This may seen trivial, but it's an important distinction between SortedDictionary and SortedList that I'll cover later on. And that's pretty much it; it's a standard red-black tree. Plenty of webpages and datastructure books cover the algorithms behind the tree itself far better than I could. What's interesting is the comparions between SortedDictionary and SortedList, which I'll cover at the end. As a side point, SortedDictionary has existed in the BCL ever since .NET 2. That means that, all through .NET 2, 3, and 3.5, there has been a bona-fide sorted set class in the BCL (called TreeSet). However, it was internal, so it couldn't be used outside System.dll. Only in .NET 4 was this class exposed as SortedSet. SortedList Whereas SortedDictionary didn't use any backing arrays, SortedList does. It is implemented just as the name suggests; two arrays, one containing the keys, and one the values (I've just used random letters for the values): The items in the keys array are always guarenteed to be stored in sorted order, and the value corresponding to each key is stored in the same index as the key in the values array. In this example, the value for key item 5 is 'z', and for key item 8 is 'm'. Whenever an item is inserted or removed from the SortedList, a binary search is run on the keys array to find the correct index, then all the items in the arrays are shifted to accomodate the new or removed item. For example, if the key 3 was removed, a binary search would be run to find the array index the item was at, then everything above that index would be moved down by one: and then if the key/value pair {7, 'f'} was added, a binary search would be run on the keys to find the index to insert the new item, and everything above that index would be moved up to accomodate the new item: If another item was then added, both arrays would be resized (to a length of 10) before the new item was added to the arrays. As you can see, any insertions or removals in the middle of the list require a proportion of the array contents to be moved; an O(n) operation. However, if the insertion or removal is at the end of the array (ie the largest key), then it's only O(log n); the cost of the binary search to determine it does actually need to be added to the end (excluding the occasional O(n) cost of resizing the arrays to fit more items). As a side effect of using backing arrays, SortedList offers IList Keys and Values views that simply use the backing keys or values arrays, as well as various methods utilising the array index of stored items, which SortedDictionary does not (and cannot) offer. The Comparison So, when should you use one and not the other? Well, here's the important differences: Memory usage SortedDictionary and SortedList have got very different memory profiles. SortedDictionary... has a memory overhead of one object instance, a bool, and two references per item. On 64-bit systems, this adds up to ~40 bytes, not including the stored item and the reference to it from the Node object. stores the items in separate objects that can be spread all over the heap. This helps to keep memory fragmentation low, as the individual node objects can be allocated wherever there's a spare 60 bytes. In contrast, SortedList... has no additional overhead per item (only the reference to it in the array entries), however the backing arrays can be significantly larger than you need; every time the arrays are resized they double in size. That means that if you add 513 items to a SortedList, the backing arrays will each have a length of 1024. To conteract this, the TrimExcess method resizes the arrays back down to the actual size needed, or you can simply assign list.Capacity = list.Count. stores its items in a continuous block in memory. If the list stores thousands of items, this can cause significant problems with Large Object Heap memory fragmentation as the array resizes, which SortedDictionary doesn't have. Performance Operations on a SortedDictionary always have O(log n) performance, regardless of where in the collection you're adding or removing items. In contrast, SortedList has O(n) performance when you're altering the middle of the collection. If you're adding or removing from the end (ie the largest item), then performance is O(log n), same as SortedDictionary (in practice, it will likely be slightly faster, due to the array items all being in the same area in memory, also called locality of reference). So, when should you use one and not the other? As always with these sort of things, there are no hard-and-fast rules. But generally, if you: need to access items using their index within the collection are populating the dictionary all at once from sorted data aren't adding or removing keys once it's populated then use a SortedList. But if you: don't know how many items are going to be in the dictionary are populating the dictionary from random, unsorted data are adding & removing items randomly then use a SortedDictionary. The default (again, there's no definite rules on these sort of things!) should be to use SortedDictionary, unless there's a good reason to use SortedList, due to the bad performance of SortedList when altering the middle of the collection.

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  • Securing an ADF Application using OES11g: Part 2

    - by user12587121
    To validate the integration with OES we need a sample ADF Application that is rich enough to allow us to test securing the various ADF elements.  To achieve this we can add some items including bounded task flows to the application developed in this tutorial. A sample JDeveloper 11.1.1.6 project is available here. It depends on the Fusion Order Demo (FOD) database schema which is easily created using the FOD build scripts.In the deployment we have chosen to enable only ADF Authentication as we will delegate Authorization, mostly, to OES.The welcome page of the application with all the links exposed looks as follows: The Welcome, Browse Products, Browse Stock and System Administration links go to pages while the Supplier Registration and Update Stock are bounded task flows.  The Login link goes to a basic login page and once logged in a link is presented that goes to a logout page.  Only the Browse Products and Browse Stock pages are really connected to the database--the other pages and task flows do not really perform any operations on the database. Required Security Policies We make use of a set of test users and roles as decscribed on the welcome page of the application.  In order to exercise the different authorization possibilities we would like to enforce the following sample policies: Anonymous users can see the Login, Welcome and Supplier Registration links. They can also see the Welcome page, the Login page and follow the Supplier Registration task flow.  They can see the icon adjacent to the Login link indicating whether they have logged in or not. Authenticated users can see the Browse Product page. Only staff granted the right can see the Browse Product page cost price value returned from the database and then only if the value is below a configurable limit. Suppliers and staff can see the Browse Stock links and pages.  Customers cannot. Suppliers can see the Update Stock link but only those with the update permission are allowed to follow the task flow that it launches.  We could hide the link but leave it exposed here so we can easily demonstrate the method call activity protecting the task flow. Only staff granted the right can see the System Administration link and the System Administration page it accesses. Implementing the required policies In order to secure the application we will make use of the following techniques: EL Expressions and Java backing beans: JSF has the notion of EL expressions to reference data from backing Java classes.  We use these to control the presentation of links on the navigation page which respect the security contraints.  So a user will not see links that he is not allowed to click on into. These Java backing beans can call on to OES for an authorization decision.  Important Note: naturally we would configure the WLS domain where our ADF application is running as an OES WLS SM, which would allow us to efficiently query OES over the PEP API.  However versioning conflicts between OES 11.1.1.5 and ADF 11.1.1.6 mean that this is not possible.  Nevertheless, we can make use of the OES RESTful gateway technique from this posting in order to call into OES. You can easily create and manage backing beans in Jdeveloper as follows: Custom ADF Phase Listener: ADF extends the JSF page lifecycle flow and allows one to hook into the flow to intercept page rendering.  We use this to put a check prior to rendering any protected pages, again calling on to OES via the backing bean.  Phase listeners are configured in the adf-settings.xml file.  See the MyPageListener.java class in the project.  Here, for example,  is the code we use in the listener to check for allowed access to the sysadmin page, navigating back to the welcome page if authorization is not granted:                         if (page != null && (page.equals("/system.jspx") || page.equals("/system"))){                             System.out.println("MyPageListener: Checking Authorization for /system");                             if (getValue("#{oesBackingBean.UIAccessSysAdmin}").toString().equals("false") ){                                   System.out.println("MyPageListener: Forcing navigation away from system" +                                       "to welcome");                                 NavigationHandler nh = fc.getApplication().getNavigationHandler();                                   nh.handleNavigation(fc, null, "welcome");                               } else {                                 System.out.println("MyPageListener: access allowed");                              }                         } Method call activity: our app makes use of bounded task flows to implement the sequence of pages that update the stock or allow suppliers to self register.  ADF takes care of ensuring that a bounded task flow can be entered by only one page.  So a way to protect all those pages is to make a call to OES in the first activity and then either exit the task flow or continue depending on the authorization decision.  The method call returns a String which contains the name of the transition to effect. This is where we configure the method call activity in JDeveloper: We implement each of the policies using the above techniques as follows: Policies 1 and 2: as these policies concern the coarse grained notions of controlling access to anonymous and authenticated users we can make use of the container’s security constraints which can be defined in the web.xml file.  The allPages constraint is added automatically when we configure Authentication for the ADF application.  We have added the “anonymousss” constraint to allow access to the the required pages, task flows and icons: <security-constraint>    <web-resource-collection>      <web-resource-name>anonymousss</web-resource-name>      <url-pattern>/faces/welcome</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/afr/*</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/adf/*</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/key.png</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/faces/supplier-reg-btf/*</url-pattern>      <url-pattern>/faces/supplier_register_complete</url-pattern>    </web-resource-collection>  </security-constraint> Policy 3: we can place an EL expression on the element representing the cost price on the products.jspx page: #{oesBackingBean.dataAccessCostPrice}. This EL Expression references a method in a Java backing bean that will call on to OES for an authorization decision.  In OES we model the authorization requirement by requiring the view permission on the resource /MyADFApp/data/costprice and granting it only to the staff application role.  We recover any obligations to determine the limit.  Policy 4: is implemented by putting an EL expression on the Browse Stock link #{oesBackingBean.UIAccessBrowseStock} which checks for the view permission on the /MyADFApp/ui/stock resource. The stock.jspx page is protected by checking for the same permission in a custom phase listener—if the required permission is not satisfied then we force navigation back to the welcome page. Policy 5: the Update Stock link is protected with the same EL expression as the Browse Link: #{oesBackingBean.UIAccessBrowseStock}.  However the Update Stock link launches a bounded task flow and to protect it the first activity in the flow is a method call activity which will execute an EL expression #{oesBackingBean.isUIAccessSupplierUpdateTransition}  to check for the update permission on the /MyADFApp/ui/stock resource and either transition to the next step in the flow or terminate the flow with an authorization error. Policy 6: the System Administration link is protected with an EL Expression #{oesBackingBean.UIAccessSysAdmin} that checks for view access on the /MyADF/ui/sysadmin resource.  The system page is protected in the same way at the stock page—the custom phase listener checks for the same permission that protects the link and if not satisfied we navigate back to the welcome page. Testing the Application To test the application: deploy the OES11g Admin to a WLS domain deploy the OES gateway in a another domain configured to be a WLS SM. You must ensure that the jps-config.xml file therein is configured to allow access to the identity store, otherwise the gateway will not b eable to resolve the principals for the requested users.  To do this ensure that the following elements appear in the jps-config.xml file: <serviceProvider type="IDENTITY_STORE" name="idstore.ldap.provider" class="oracle.security.jps.internal.idstore.ldap.LdapIdentityStoreProvider">             <description>LDAP-based IdentityStore Provider</description>  </serviceProvider> <serviceInstance name="idstore.ldap" provider="idstore.ldap.provider">             <property name="idstore.config.provider" value="oracle.security.jps.wls.internal.idstore.WlsLdapIdStoreConfigProvider"/>             <property name="CONNECTION_POOL_CLASS" value="oracle.security.idm.providers.stdldap.JNDIPool"/></serviceInstance> <serviceInstanceRef ref="idstore.ldap"/> download the sample application and change the URL to the gateway in the MyADFApp OESBackingBean code to point to the OES Gateway and deploy the application to an 11.1.1.6 WLS domain that has been extended with the ADF JRF files. You will need to configure the FOD database connection to point your database which contains the FOD schema. populate the OES Admin and OES Gateway WLS LDAP stores with the sample set of users and groups.  If  you have configured the WLS domains to point to the same LDAP then it would only have to be done once.  To help with this there is a directory called ldap_scripts in the sample project with ldif files for the test users and groups. start the OES Admin console and configure the required OES authorization policies for the MyADFApp application and push them to the WLS SM containing the OES Gateway. Login to the MyADFApp as each of the users described on the login page to test that the security policy is correct. You will see informative logging from the OES Gateway and the ADF application to their respective WLS consoles. Congratulations, you may now login to the OES Admin console and change policies that will control the behaviour of your ADF application--change the limit value in the obligation for the cost price for example, or define Role Mapping policies to determine staff access to the system administration page based on user profile attributes. ADF Development Notes Some notes on ADF development which are probably typical gotchas: May need this on WLS startup in order to allow us to overwrite credentials for the database, the signal here is that there is an error trying to access the data base: -Djps.app.credential.overwrite.allowed=true Best to call Bounded Task flows via a CommandLink (as opposed to a go link) as you cannot seem to start them again from a go link, even having completed the task flow correctly with a return activity. Once a bounded task flow (BTF) is initated it must complete correctly  via a return activity—attempting to click on any other link whilst in the context of a  BTF has no effect.  See here for example: When using the ADF Authentication only security approach it seems to be awkward to allow anonymous access to the welcome and registration pages.  We can achieve anonymous access using the web.xml security constraint shown above (where no auth-constraint is specified) however it is not clear what needs to be listed in there….for example the /afr/* and /adf/* are in there by trial and error as sometimes the welcome page will not render if we omit those items.  I was not able to use the default allPages constraint with for example the anonymous-role or the everyone WLS group in order to be able to allow anonymous access to pages. The ADF security best practice advises placing all pages under the public_html/WEB-INF folder as then ADF will not allow any direct access to the .jspx pages but will only allow acces via a link of the form /faces/welcome rather than /faces/welcome.jspx.  This seems like a very good practice to follow as having multiple entry points to data is a source of confusion in a web application (particulary from a security point of view). In Authentication+Authorization mode only pages with a Page definition file are protected.  In order to add an emty one right click on the page and choose Go to Page Definition.  This will create an empty page definition and now the page will require explicit permission to be seen. It is advisable to give a unique context root via the weblogic.xml for the application, as otherwise the application will clash with any other application with the same context root and it will not deploy

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  • Why don't the keyboard shortcuts (e.g. hotkeys like Ctrl-C) work in a SharePoint rich-text field?

    - by zoagli
    I use SharePoint 2010 via Internet Explorer 8 on Windows XP. I have a standard input mask for a task consisting of text fields, rich-text fields et al. In text fields, I can use keyboard shortcuts (a.k.a. hotkeys) for editing (Ctrl-C/Ctrl-V) and formatting (Ctrl-B/Ctrl-I), but in the richtext field, none of them work. If I click on the appropriate button, however, the expected function is executed properly - but that is a tedious workaround. What could be the cause? Could it be that the Ctrl key is not recognized at all? (BTW: The problem is not reproducible in Firefox, because it doesn't show the rich-text controls at all. Why is another question.)

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  • Simple C# CSV Excel export class

    - by Chris
    Thought this might be handy for someone, this is an extremely simple CSV export class that I needed. Features: Extremely simple to use Escapes commas and quotes so excel handles them fine Exports date and datetimes in timezone-proof format Without further ado: using System; using System.Data.SqlTypes; using System.IO; using System.Text; using System.Collections.Generic; /// <summary> /// Simple CSV export /// Example: /// CsvExport myExport = new CsvExport(); /// /// myExport.AddRow(); /// myExport["Region"] = "New York, USA"; /// myExport["Sales"] = 100000; /// myExport["Date Opened"] = new DateTime(2003, 12, 31); /// /// myExport.AddRow(); /// myExport["Region"] = "Sydney \"in\" Australia"; /// myExport["Sales"] = 50000; /// myExport["Date Opened"] = new DateTime(2005, 1, 1, 9, 30, 0); /// /// Then you can do any of the following three output options: /// string myCsv = myExport.Export(); /// myExport.ExportToFile("Somefile.csv"); /// byte[] myCsvData = myExport.ExportToBytes(); /// </summary> public class CsvExport { /// <summary> /// To keep the ordered list of column names /// </summary> List<string> fields = new List<string>(); /// <summary> /// The list of rows /// </summary> List<Dictionary<string, object>> rows = new List<Dictionary<string, object>>(); /// <summary> /// The current row /// </summary> Dictionary<string, object> currentRow { get { return rows[rows.Count - 1]; } } /// <summary> /// Set a value on this column /// </summary> public object this[string field] { set { // Keep track of the field names, because the dictionary loses the ordering if (!fields.Contains(field)) fields.Add(field); currentRow[field] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Call this before setting any fields on a row /// </summary> public void AddRow() { rows.Add(new Dictionary<string, object>()); } /// <summary> /// Converts a value to how it should output in a csv file /// If it has a comma, it needs surrounding with double quotes /// Eg Sydney, Australia -> "Sydney, Australia" /// Also if it contains any double quotes ("), then they need to be replaced with quad quotes[sic] ("") /// Eg "Dangerous Dan" McGrew -> """Dangerous Dan"" McGrew" /// </summary> string MakeValueCsvFriendly(object value) { if (value == null) return ""; if (value is INullable && ((INullable)value).IsNull) return ""; if (value is DateTime) { if (((DateTime)value).TimeOfDay.TotalSeconds==0) return ((DateTime)value).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); return ((DateTime)value).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); } string output = value.ToString(); if (output.Contains(",") || output.Contains("\"")) output = '"' + output.Replace("\"", "\"\"") + '"'; return output; } /// <summary> /// Output all rows as a CSV returning a string /// </summary> public string Export() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); // The header foreach (string field in fields) sb.Append(field).Append(","); sb.AppendLine(); // The rows foreach (Dictionary<string, object> row in rows) { foreach (string field in fields) sb.Append(MakeValueCsvFriendly(row[field])).Append(","); sb.AppendLine(); } return sb.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// Exports to a file /// </summary> public void ExportToFile(string path) { File.WriteAllText(path, Export()); } /// <summary> /// Exports as raw UTF8 bytes /// </summary> public byte[] ExportToBytes() { return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Export()); } }

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  • SharePoint: Problem with BaseFieldControl

    - by Anoop
    Hi All, In below code in a Gird First column is BaseFieldControl from a column of type Choice of SPList. Secound column is a text box control with textchange event. Both the controls are created at rowdatabound event of gridview. Now the problem is that when Steps: 1) select any of the value from BaseFieldControl(DropDownList) which is rendered from Choice Column of SPList 2) enter any thing in textbox in another column of grid. 3) textchanged event fires up and in textchange event rebound the grid. Problem: the selected value becomes the first item or the default value(if any). but if i do not rebound the grid at text changed event it works fine. Please suggest what to do. using System; using Microsoft.SharePoint; using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Data; namespace SharePointProjectTest.Layouts.SharePointProjectTest { public partial class TestBFC : LayoutsPageBase { GridView grid = null; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { grid = new GridView(); grid.ShowFooter = true; grid.ShowHeader = true; grid.AutoGenerateColumns = true; grid.ID = "grdView"; grid.RowDataBound += new GridViewRowEventHandler(grid_RowDataBound); grid.Width = Unit.Pixel(900); MasterPage holder = (MasterPage)Page.Controls[0]; holder.FindControl("PlaceHolderMain").Controls.Add(grid); DataTable ds = new DataTable(); ds.Columns.Add("Choice"); //ds.Columns.Add("person"); ds.Columns.Add("Curr"); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { DataRow dr = ds.NewRow(); ds.Rows.Add(dr); } grid.DataSource = ds; grid.DataBind(); } catch (Exception ex) { } } void tx_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { DataTable ds = new DataTable(); ds.Columns.Add("Choice"); ds.Columns.Add("Curr"); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { DataRow dr = ds.NewRow(); ds.Rows.Add(dr); } grid.DataSource = ds; grid.DataBind(); } void grid_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow) { SPWeb web = SPContext.Current.Web; SPList list = web.Lists["Source for test"]; SPField field = list.Fields["Choice"]; SPListItem item=list.Items.Add(); BaseFieldControl control = (BaseFieldControl)GetSharePointControls(field, list, item, SPControlMode.New); if (control != null) { e.Row.Cells[0].Controls.Add(control); } TextBox tx = new TextBox(); tx.AutoPostBack = true; tx.ID = "Curr"; tx.TextChanged += new EventHandler(tx_TextChanged); e.Row.Cells[1].Controls.Add(tx); } } public static Control GetSharePointControls(SPField field, SPList list, SPListItem item, SPControlMode mode) { if (field == null || field.FieldRenderingControl == null || field.Hidden) return null; try { BaseFieldControl webControl = field.FieldRenderingControl; webControl.ListId = list.ID; webControl.ItemId = item.ID; webControl.FieldName = field.Title; webControl.ID = "id_" + field.InternalName; webControl.ControlMode = mode; webControl.EnableViewState = true; return webControl; } catch (Exception ex) { return null; } } } }

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  • MySQL query works in PHPMyAdmin but not PHP

    - by Su4p
    I do not understand what's happening. I have a query in PHP who crashes -with a strange error-. When I copy/paste the exact same request in PHPMyAdmin it works as expected. What am I doing wrong here ? SELECT oms_patient.id, oms_patient.date, oms_patient.date_modif, date_modif, AES_DECRYPT(nom,"xxxxx") AS "Nom", AES_DECRYPT(prenom,"xxxxx") AS "Prénom usuel", DATE_FORMAT(ddn, "%d/%m/%Y") AS "Date de naissance", villeNaissance AS "Lieu de naissance (ville)", CONCAT(oms_departement.libelle,"(",id_departement,")") AS "Lieu de vie", CONCAT(oms_pays.libelle,"(",id_pays,")") AS "Pays", CONCAT(patientsexe.libelle,"(",id_sexe,")") AS "Sexe", CONCAT(patientprofession.libelle,"(",id_profession,")") AS "Profession", IF(asthme>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Asthme", IF(rhinite>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Rhinite", IF(bcpo>0,"Oui","Non") AS "BPCO", IF(insuffisanceResp>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Insuffisance respiratoire chronique", IF(chirurgieOrl>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Chirurgie ORL du ronflement", IF(autreChirurgie>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Autre chirurgie ORL", IF(allergies>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Allergies", IF(OLD>0,"Oui","Non") AS "OLD", IF(hypertensionArterielle>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Hypertension artérielle", IF(infarctusMyocarde>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Infarctus du myocarde", IF(insuffisanceCoronaire>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Insuffisance coronaire", IF(troubleRythme>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Trouble du rythme", IF(accidentVasculaireCerebral>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Accident vasculaire cérébral", IF(insuffisanceCardiaque>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Insuffisance cardiaque", IF(arteriopathie>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Artériopathie", IF(tabagismeActuel>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Tabagisme actuel", CONCAT(nbPaquetsActuel," ","PA") AS "", IF(tabagismeAncien>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Tabagisme ancien", CONCAT(nbPaquetsAncien," ","PA") AS "", IF(alcool>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Alcool (conso régulière)", IF(refluxGastro>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Reflux gastro-oesophagien", IF(glaucome>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Glaucome", IF(diabete>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Diabète", CONCAT(patienttypeDiabete.libelle,"(",id_typeDiabete,")") AS "", IF(hypercholesterolemie>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Hypercholestérolémie", IF(hypertriglyceridemie>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Hypertriglycéridémie", IF(dysthyroidie>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Dysthyroïdie", IF(depression>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Dépression", IF(sedentarite>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Sédentarité", IF(syndromeDApneesSommeil>0,"Oui","Non") AS "SAS", IF(obesite>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Obésité", IF(dysmorphieFaciale>0,"Oui","Non") AS "Dysmorphie faciale", TextObservations AS "", id_user FROM oms_patient LEFT JOIN oms_departement ON oms_departement.id = id_departement LEFT JOIN oms_pays ON oms_pays.id = id_pays LEFT JOIN patientsexe ON patientsexe.id = id_sexe LEFT JOIN patientprofession ON patientprofession.id = id_profession LEFT JOIN patienttypeDiabete ON patienttypeDiabete.id = id_typeDiabete WHERE oms_patient.id=1 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'small"(conso régulière)", IF(refluxGastro0,"Oui","Non") as "Reflux ga' at line 1 "near 'small" <-- where is small o_O The PHP code isn't really relevant cause you won't see a lot. $db = mysql_connect(); mysql_select_db();//TODO SWITCH TO PDO mysql_query("SET NAMES UTF8"); $fields = $form->getFields($form); $settingsForm = $form->getSettings(); $sql = 'SELECT oms_patient.id,oms_patient.date,oms_patient.date_modif,'; foreach ($fields as $field) { if (!$field->isMultiSelect()) { $field->select_full(&$sql, 'oms_patient', null); } } if (isset($settingsForm['linkTo'])) { $idLinkTo = 'id_' . str_replace('oms_', '', $settingsForm['linkTo']); $sql .= $idLinkTo; } $sql.=' FROM oms_patient'; foreach ($fields as $field) { if (!$field->isMultiSelect() && $field->getTable('oms_patient')) { $sql .=' LEFT JOIN ' . $field->getTable('oms_patient') . ' ON ' . $field->getTable('oms_patient') . '.id = '.$field->getFieldName().' '; } } $sql.=' where oms_patient.id=' . $this->m_settings['e']; $result = mysql_query($sql) or die('Erreur SQL !<br>' . $sql . '<br>' . mysql_error()); $data = mysql_fetch_assoc($result); var_dump of $sql string(2663) "SELECT oms_patient.id,oms_patient.date,oms_patient.date_modif,date_modif,AES_DECRYPT(nom,"xxxxx") as "Nom",AES_DECRYPT("prenom","xxxxx") as "Prénom usuel",DATE_FORMAT(ddn, "%d/%m/%Y") as "Date de naissance",villeNaissance as "Lieu de naissance (ville)",CONCAT(oms_departement.libelle,"(",id_departement,")") as "Lieu de vie",CONCAT(oms_pays.libelle,"(",id_pays,")") as "Pays",CONCAT(patientsexe.libelle,"(",id_sexe,")") as "Sexe",CONCAT(patientprofession.libelle,"(",id_profession,")") as "Profession", IF"... can't go further to see what is in the output after the "..." <-- if you have an idea

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  • Sorting an XML file through XSL

    - by jbugeja
    I have an XML file that I want to sort by an attribute. The file is structured as shown below: <wb xmlns:cf="http://www.macromedia.com/2004/cfform"> <a:form name="chart"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="09" INDEX="2" LEFT="200" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="08" INDEX="3" LEFT="200" /> <a:fieldset FIELD="a" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="02" INDEX="4" LEFT="200" /> <a:select1 FIELDNUMBER="01" /> </a:fieldset> <a:fieldset FIELD="b" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="04" INDEX="7" LEFT="200" /> <a:select1 FIELDNUMBER="03" /> <a:fieldset FIELD="c" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="06" INDEX="8" LEFT="200" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="05" INDEX="6" LEFT="200" /> </a:fieldset> </a:fieldset> </a:form> </wb> I would like to sort the above XML all throughout by @fieldnumber, but at the same I want to keep the same structure of the XML. I have managed to sort other XML file but they did not have such nesting levels. Is this possible with XSL alone and if so how can this be done? The output should be as follows: <wb xmlns:cf="http://www.macromedia.com/2004/cfform"> <a:form name="chart"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="08" INDEX="3" LEFT="200" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="09" INDEX="2" LEFT="200" /> <a:fieldset FIELD="a" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:select1 FIELDNUMBER="01" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="02" INDEX="4" LEFT="200" /> </a:fieldset> <a:fieldset FIELD="b" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:select1 FIELDNUMBER="03" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="04" INDEX="7" LEFT="200" /> <a:fieldset FIELD="c" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="05" INDEX="6" LEFT="200" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="06" INDEX="8" LEFT="200" /> </a:fieldset> </a:fieldset> </a:form> </wb> As another example, should the FIELDNUMBER 04 be changed to a value greater than 7 such as 10 (let's assume 10 in this example) then the output of the fieldset with FIELD value b becomes: <a:fieldset FIELD="b" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:select1 FIELDNUMBER="03" /> <a:fieldset FIELD="c" FIELDNAME="FieldSet1"> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="05" INDEX="6" LEFT="200" /> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="06" INDEX="8" LEFT="200" /> </a:fieldset> <a:input FIELDNUMBER="10" INDEX="7" LEFT="200" /> </a:fieldset>

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  • When someone deletes a shared data source in SSRS

    - by Rob Farley
    SQL Server Reporting Services plays nicely. You can have things in the catalogue that get shared. You can have Reports that have Links, Datasets that can be used across different reports, and Data Sources that can be used in a variety of ways too. So if you find that someone has deleted a shared data source, you potentially have a bit of a horror story going on. And this works for this month’s T-SQL Tuesday theme, hosted by Nick Haslam, who wants to hear about horror stories. I don’t write about LobsterPot client horror stories, so I’m writing about a situation that a fellow MVP friend asked me about recently instead. The best thing to do is to grab a recent backup of the ReportServer database, restore it somewhere, and figure out what’s changed. But of course, this isn’t always possible. And it’s much nicer to help someone with this kind of thing, rather than to be trying to fix it yourself when you’ve just deleted the wrong data source. Unfortunately, it lets you delete data sources, without trying to scream that the data source is shared across over 400 reports in over 100 folders, as was the case for my friend’s colleague. So, suddenly there’s a big problem – lots of reports are failing, and the time to turn it around is small. You probably know which data source has been deleted, but getting the shared data source back isn’t the hard part (that’s just a connection string really). The nasty bit is all the re-mapping, to get those 400 reports working again. I know from exploring this kind of stuff in the past that the ReportServer database (using its default name) has a table called dbo.Catalog to represent the catalogue, and that Reports are stored here. However, the information about what data sources these deployed reports are configured to use is stored in a different table, dbo.DataSource. You could be forgiven for thinking that shared data sources would live in this table, but they don’t – they’re catalogue items just like the reports. Let’s have a look at the structure of these two tables (although if you’re reading this because you have a disaster, feel free to skim past). Frustratingly, there doesn’t seem to be a Books Online page for this information, sorry about that. I’m also not going to look at all the columns, just ones that I find interesting enough to mention, and that are related to the problem at hand. These fields are consistent all the way through to SQL Server 2012 – there doesn’t seem to have been any changes here for quite a while. dbo.Catalog The Primary Key is ItemID. It’s a uniqueidentifier. I’m not going to comment any more on that. A minor nice point about using GUIDs in unfamiliar databases is that you can more easily figure out what’s what. But foreign keys are for that too… Path, Name and ParentID tell you where in the folder structure the item lives. Path isn’t actually required – you could’ve done recursive queries to get there. But as that would be quite painful, I’m more than happy for the Path column to be there. Path contains the Name as well, incidentally. Type tells you what kind of item it is. Some examples are 1 for a folder and 2 a report. 4 is linked reports, 5 is a data source, 6 is a report model. I forget the others for now (but feel free to put a comment giving the full list if you know it). Content is an image field, remembering that image doesn’t necessarily store images – these days we’d rather use varbinary(max), but even in SQL Server 2012, this field is still image. It stores the actual item definition in binary form, whether it’s actually an image, a report, whatever. LinkSourceID is used for Linked Reports, and has a self-referencing foreign key (allowing NULL, of course) back to ItemID. Parameter is an ntext field containing XML for the parameters of the report. Not sure why this couldn’t be a separate table, but I guess that’s just the way it goes. This field gets changed when the default parameters get changed in Report Manager. There is nothing in dbo.Catalog that describes the actual data sources that the report uses. The default data sources would be part of the Content field, as they are defined in the RDL, but when you deploy reports, you typically choose to NOT replace the data sources. Anyway, they’re not in this table. Maybe it was already considered a bit wide to throw in another ntext field, I’m not sure. They’re in dbo.DataSource instead. dbo.DataSource The Primary key is DSID. Yes it’s a uniqueidentifier... ItemID is a foreign key reference back to dbo.Catalog Fields such as ConnectionString, Prompt, UserName and Password do what they say on the tin, storing information about how to connect to the particular source in question. Link is a uniqueidentifier, which refers back to dbo.Catalog. This is used when a data source within a report refers back to a shared data source, rather than embedding the connection information itself. You’d think this should be enforced by foreign key, but it’s not. It does allow NULLs though. Flags this is an int, and I’ll come back to this. When a Data Source gets deleted out of dbo.Catalog, you might assume that it would be disallowed if there are references to it from dbo.DataSource. Well, you’d be wrong. And not because of the lack of a foreign key either. Deleting anything from the catalogue is done by calling a stored procedure called dbo.DeleteObject. You can look at the definition in there – it feels very much like the kind of Delete stored procedures that many people write, the kind of thing that means they don’t need to worry about allowing cascading deletes with foreign keys – because the stored procedure does the lot. Except that it doesn’t quite do that. If it deleted everything on a cascading delete, we’d’ve lost all the data sources as configured in dbo.DataSource, and that would be bad. This is fine if the ItemID from dbo.DataSource hooks in – if the report is being deleted. But if a shared data source is being deleted, you don’t want to lose the existence of the data source from the report. So it sets it to NULL, and it marks it as invalid. We see this code in that stored procedure. UPDATE [DataSource]    SET       [Flags] = [Flags] & 0x7FFFFFFD, -- broken link       [Link] = NULL FROM    [Catalog] AS C    INNER JOIN [DataSource] AS DS ON C.[ItemID] = DS.[Link] WHERE    (C.Path = @Path OR C.Path LIKE @Prefix ESCAPE '*') Unfortunately there’s no semi-colon on the end (but I’d rather they fix the ntext and image types first), and don’t get me started about using the table name in the UPDATE clause (it should use the alias DS). But there is a nice comment about what’s going on with the Flags field. What I’d LIKE it to do would be to set the connection information to a report-embedded copy of the connection information that’s in the shared data source, the one that’s about to be deleted. I understand that this would cause someone to lose the benefit of having the data sources configured in a central point, but I’d say that’s probably still slightly better than LOSING THE INFORMATION COMPLETELY. Sorry, rant over. I should log a Connect item – I’ll put that on my todo list. So it sets the Link field to NULL, and marks the Flags to tell you they’re broken. So this is your clue to fixing it. A bitwise AND with 0x7FFFFFFD is basically stripping out the ‘2’ bit from a number. So numbers like 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, etc, whose binary representation ends in either 11 or 10 get turned into 0, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, etc. We can test for it using a WHERE clause that matches the SET clause we’ve just used. I’d also recommend checking for Link being NULL and also having no ConnectionString. And join back to dbo.Catalog to get the path (including the name) of broken reports are – in case you get a surprise from a different data source being broken in the past. SELECT c.Path, ds.Name FROM dbo.[DataSource] AS ds JOIN dbo.[Catalog] AS c ON c.ItemID = ds.ItemID WHERE ds.[Flags] = ds.[Flags] & 0x7FFFFFFD AND ds.[Link] IS NULL AND ds.[ConnectionString] IS NULL; When I just ran this on my own machine, having deleted a data source to check my code, I noticed a Report Model in the list as well – so if you had thought it was just going to be reports that were broken, you’d be forgetting something. So to fix those reports, get your new data source created in the catalogue, and then find its ItemID by querying Catalog, using Path and Name to find it. And then use this value to fix them up. To fix the Flags field, just add 2. I prefer to use bitwise OR which should do the same. Use the OUTPUT clause to get a copy of the DSIDs of the ones you’re changing, just in case you need to revert something later after testing (doing it all in a transaction won’t help, because you’ll just lock out the table, stopping you from testing anything). UPDATE ds SET [Flags] = [Flags] | 2, [Link] = '3AE31CBA-BDB4-4FD1-94F4-580B7FAB939D' /*Insert your own GUID*/ OUTPUT deleted.Name, deleted.DSID, deleted.ItemID, deleted.Flags FROM dbo.[DataSource] AS ds JOIN dbo.[Catalog] AS c ON c.ItemID = ds.ItemID WHERE ds.[Flags] = ds.[Flags] & 0x7FFFFFFD AND ds.[Link] IS NULL AND ds.[ConnectionString] IS NULL; But please be careful. Your mileage may vary. And there’s no reason why 400-odd broken reports needs to be quite the nightmare that it could be. Really, it should be less than five minutes. @rob_farley

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  • Using Sitecore RenderingContext Parameters as MVC controller action arguments

    - by Kyle Burns
    I have been working with the Technical Preview of Sitecore 6.6 on a project and have been for the most part happy with the way that Sitecore (which truly is an MVC implementation unto itself) has been expanded to support ASP.NET MVC. That said, getting up to speed with the combined platform has not been entirely without stumbles and today I want to share one area where Sitecore could have really made things shine from the "it just works" perspective. A couple days ago I was asked by a colleague about the usage of the "Parameters" field that is defined on Sitecore's Controller Rendering data template. Based on the standard way that Sitecore handles a field named Parameters, I was able to deduce that the field expected key/value pairs separated by the "&" character, but beyond that I wasn't sure and didn't see anything from a documentation perspective to guide me, so it was time to dig and find out where the data in the field was made available. My first thought was that it would be really nice if Sitecore handled the parameters in this field consistently with the way that ASP.NET MVC handles the various parameter collections on the HttpRequest object and automatically maps them to parameters of the action method executing. Being the hopeful sort, I configured a name/value pair on one of my renderings, added a parameter with matching name to the controller action and fired up the bugger to see... that the parameter was not populated. Having established that the field's value was not going to be presented to me the way that I had hoped it would, the next assumption that I would work on was that Sitecore would handle this field similar to how they handle other similar data and would plug it into some ambient object that I could reference from within the controller method. After a considerable amount of guessing, testing, and cracking code open with Redgate's Reflector (a must-have companion to Sitecore documentation), I found that the most direct way to access the parameter was through the ambient RenderingContext object using code similar to: string myArgument = string.Empty; var rc = Sitecore.Mvc.Presentation.RenderingContext.CurrentOrNull; if (rc != null) {     var parms = rc.Rendering.Parameters;     myArgument = parms["myArgument"]; } At this point, we know how this field is used out of the box from Sitecore and can provide information from Sitecore's Content Editor that will be available when the controller action is executing, but it feels a little dirty. In order to properly test the action method I would have to do a lot of setup work and possible use an isolation framework such as Pex and Moles to get at a value that my action method is dependent upon. Notice I said that my method is dependent upon the value but in order to meet that dependency I've accepted another dependency upon Sitecore's RenderingContext.  I'm a big believer in, when possible, ensuring that any piece of code explicitly advertises dependencies using the method signature, so I found myself still wanting this to work the same as if the parameters were in the request route, querystring, or form by being able to add a myArgument parameter to the action method and have this parameter populated by the framework. Lucky for us, the ASP.NET MVC framework is extremely flexible and provides some easy to grok and use extensibility points. ASP.NET MVC is able to provide information from the request as input parameters to controller actions because it uses objects which implement an interface called IValueProvider and have been registered to service the application. The most basic statement of responsibility for an IValueProvider implementation is "I know about some data which is indexed by key. If you hand me the key for a piece of data that I know about I give you that data". When preparing to invoke a controller action, the framework queries registered IValueProvider implementations with the name of each method argument to see if the ValueProvider can supply a value for the parameter. (the rest of this post will assume you're working along and make a lot more sense if you do) Let's pull Sitecore out of the equation for a second to simplify things and create an extremely simple IValueProvider implementation. For this example, I first create a new ASP.NET MVC3 project in Visual Studio, selecting "Internet Application" and otherwise taking defaults (I'm assuming that anyone reading this far in the post either already knows how to do this or will need to take a quick run through one of the many available basic MVC tutorials such as the MVC Music Store). Once the new project is created, go to the Index action of HomeController.  This action sets a Message property on the ViewBag to "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!" and invokes the View, which has been coded to display the Message. For our example, we will remove the hard coded message from this controller (although we'll leave it just as hard coded somewhere else - this is sample code). For the first step in our exercise, add a string parameter to the Index action method called welcomeMessage and use the value of this argument to set the ViewBag.Message property. The updated Index action should look like: public ActionResult Index(string welcomeMessage) {     ViewBag.Message = welcomeMessage;     return View(); } This represents the entirety of the change that you will make to either the controller or view.  If you run the application now, the home page will display and no message will be presented to the user because no value was supplied to the Action method. Let's now write a ValueProvider to ensure this parameter gets populated. We'll start by creating a new class called StaticValueProvider. When the class is created, we'll update the using statements to ensure that they include the following: using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.Globalization; using System.Web.Mvc; With the appropriate using statements in place, we'll update the StaticValueProvider class to implement the IValueProvider interface. The System.Web.Mvc library already contains a pretty flexible dictionary-like implementation called NameValueCollectionValueProvider, so we'll just wrap that and let it do most of the real work for us. The completed class looks like: public class StaticValueProvider : IValueProvider {     private NameValueCollectionValueProvider _wrappedProvider;     public StaticValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         var parameters = new NameValueCollection();         parameters.Add("welcomeMessage", "Hello from the value provider!");         _wrappedProvider = new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(parameters, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);     }     public bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix)     {         return _wrappedProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix);     }     public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)     {         return _wrappedProvider.GetValue(key);     } } Notice that the only entry in the collection matches the name of the argument to our HomeController's Index action.  This is the important "secret sauce" that will make things work. We've got our new value provider now, but that's not quite enough to be finished. Mvc obtains IValueProvider instances using factories that are registered when the application starts up. These factories extend the abstract ValueProviderFactory class by initializing and returning the appropriate implementation of IValueProvider from the GetValueProvider method. While I wouldn't do so in production code, for the sake of this example, I'm going to add the following class definition within the StaticValueProvider.cs source file: public class StaticValueProviderFactory : ValueProviderFactory {     public override IValueProvider GetValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         return new StaticValueProvider(controllerContext);     } } Now that we have a factory, we can register it by adding the following line to the end of the Application_Start method in Global.asax.cs: ValueProviderFactories.Factories.Add(new StaticValueProviderFactory()); If you've done everything right to this point, you should be able to run the application and be presented with the home page reading "Hello from the value provider!". Now that you have the basics of the IValueProvider down, you have everything you need to enhance your Sitecore MVC implementation by adding an IValueProvider that exposes values from the ambient RenderingContext's Parameters property. I'll provide the code for the IValueProvider implementation (which should look VERY familiar) and you can use the work we've already done as a reference to create and register the factory: public class RenderingContextValueProvider : IValueProvider {     private NameValueCollectionValueProvider _wrappedProvider = null;     public RenderingContextValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         var collection = new NameValueCollection();         var rc = RenderingContext.CurrentOrNull;         if (rc != null && rc.Rendering != null)         {             foreach(var parameter in rc.Rendering.Parameters)             {                 collection.Add(parameter.Key, parameter.Value);             }         }         _wrappedProvider = new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(collection, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);         }     public bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix)     {         return _wrappedProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix);     }     public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)     {         return _wrappedProvider.GetValue(key);     } } In this post I've discussed the MVC IValueProvider used to map data to controller action method arguments and how this can be integrated into your Sitecore 6.6 MVC solution.

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  • rsnapshot backup TO remote server

    - by Zulakis
    I just bought 100GB of "Cloud"-Space at Strato's HiDrive for remote server backups. They offer the following services: sftp,webdav,smb/cifs,rsync,scp Now i want to do a remote backup to my Backup-Space using rsnapshot. All the examples I found were only for backing up FROM remote servers to local machine, but not for backing up TO remote servers. How can I do incremental backups using rsnapshot using one of the protocols above?

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  • what's the differences between rsync applications to use for backups?

    - by Thr4wn
    There are many concerns about backing up servers (naturally), and the best responses I found for "backing up best practices" was http://serverfault.com/questions/512/best-practices-to-keep-your-computers-backed-up-efficiently/1076#1076. However, Many people recommended 'rsync', but there are many rsync applications out there (like rsync-backup and duplicity, etc), and I want to know the trade-offs and recommendations for which one to use. Is there one that simply is newer and technically superior to all the rest?

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  • "Enumeration yielded no results" When using Query Syntax in C#

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    I have created this query to fetch some result from database. Here is my table structure. What exaclty is happening. DtMapGuestDepartment as Table 1 DtDepartment as Table 2 Are being used var dept_list= from map in DtMapGuestDepartment.AsEnumerable() where map.Field<Nullable<long>>("GUEST_ID") == DRowGuestPI.Field<Nullable<long>>("PK_GUEST_ID") join dept in DtDepartment.AsEnumerable() on map.Field<Nullable<long>>("DEPARTMENT_ID") equals dept.Field<Nullable<long>>("DEPARTMENT_ID") select dept.Field<string>("DEPARTMENT_ID"); I am performing this query on DataTables and expect it to return me a datatable. Here I want to select distinct department from Table 1 as well which will be my next quest. Please answer to that also if possible.

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  • C#: System.Lazy&lt;T&gt; and the Singleton Design Pattern

    - by James Michael Hare
    So we've all coded a Singleton at one time or another.  It's a really simple pattern and can be a slightly more elegant alternative to global variables.  Make no mistake, Singletons can be abused and are often over-used -- but occasionally you find a Singleton is the most elegant solution. For those of you not familiar with a Singleton, the basic Design Pattern is that a Singleton class is one where there is only ever one instance of the class created.  This means that constructors must be private to avoid users creating their own instances, and a static property (or method in languages without properties) is defined that returns a single static instance. 1: public class Singleton 2: { 3: // the single instance is defined in a static field 4: private static readonly Singleton _instance = new Singleton(); 5:  6: // constructor private so users can't instantiate on their own 7: private Singleton() 8: { 9: } 10:  11: // read-only property that returns the static field 12: public static Singleton Instance 13: { 14: get 15: { 16: return _instance; 17: } 18: } 19: } This is the most basic singleton, notice the key features: Static readonly field that contains the one and only instance. Constructor is private so it can only be called by the class itself. Static property that returns the single instance. Looks like it satisfies, right?  There's just one (potential) problem.  C# gives you no guarantee of when the static field _instance will be created.  This is because the C# standard simply states that classes (which are marked in the IL as BeforeFieldInit) can have their static fields initialized any time before the field is accessed.  This means that they may be initialized on first use, they may be initialized at some other time before, you can't be sure when. So what if you want to guarantee your instance is truly lazy.  That is, that it is only created on first call to Instance?  Well, there's a few ways to do this.  First we'll show the old ways, and then talk about how .Net 4.0's new System.Lazy<T> type can help make the lazy-Singleton cleaner. Obviously, we could take on the lazy construction ourselves, but being that our Singleton may be accessed by many different threads, we'd need to lock it down. 1: public class LazySingleton1 2: { 3: // lock for thread-safety laziness 4: private static readonly object _mutex = new object(); 5:  6: // static field to hold single instance 7: private static LazySingleton1 _instance = null; 8:  9: // property that does some locking and then creates on first call 10: public static LazySingleton1 Instance 11: { 12: get 13: { 14: if (_instance == null) 15: { 16: lock (_mutex) 17: { 18: if (_instance == null) 19: { 20: _instance = new LazySingleton1(); 21: } 22: } 23: } 24:  25: return _instance; 26: } 27: } 28:  29: private LazySingleton1() 30: { 31: } 32: } This is a standard double-check algorithm so that you don't lock if the instance has already been created.  However, because it's possible two threads can go through the first if at the same time the first time back in, you need to check again after the lock is acquired to avoid creating two instances. Pretty straightforward, but ugly as all heck.  Well, you could also take advantage of the C# standard's BeforeFieldInit and define your class with a static constructor.  It need not have a body, just the presence of the static constructor will remove the BeforeFieldInit attribute on the class and guarantee that no fields are initialized until the first static field, property, or method is called.   1: public class LazySingleton2 2: { 3: // because of the static constructor, this won't get created until first use 4: private static readonly LazySingleton2 _instance = new LazySingleton2(); 5:  6: // Returns the singleton instance using lazy-instantiation 7: public static LazySingleton2 Instance 8: { 9: get { return _instance; } 10: } 11:  12: // private to prevent direct instantiation 13: private LazySingleton2() 14: { 15: } 16:  17: // removes BeforeFieldInit on class so static fields not 18: // initialized before they are used 19: static LazySingleton2() 20: { 21: } 22: } Now, while this works perfectly, I hate it.  Why?  Because it's relying on a non-obvious trick of the IL to guarantee laziness.  Just looking at this code, you'd have no idea that it's doing what it's doing.  Worse yet, you may decide that the empty static constructor serves no purpose and delete it (which removes your lazy guarantee).  Worse-worse yet, they may alter the rules around BeforeFieldInit in the future which could change this. So, what do I propose instead?  .Net 4.0 adds the System.Lazy type which guarantees thread-safe lazy-construction.  Using System.Lazy<T>, we get: 1: public class LazySingleton3 2: { 3: // static holder for instance, need to use lambda to construct since constructor private 4: private static readonly Lazy<LazySingleton3> _instance 5: = new Lazy<LazySingleton3>(() => new LazySingleton3()); 6:  7: // private to prevent direct instantiation. 8: private LazySingleton3() 9: { 10: } 11:  12: // accessor for instance 13: public static LazySingleton3 Instance 14: { 15: get 16: { 17: return _instance.Value; 18: } 19: } 20: } Note, you need your lambda to call the private constructor as Lazy's default constructor can only call public constructors of the type passed in (which we can't have by definition of a Singleton).  But, because the lambda is defined inside our type, it has access to the private members so it's perfect. Note how the Lazy<T> makes it obvious what you're doing (lazy construction), instead of relying on an IL generation side-effect.  This way, it's more maintainable.  Lazy<T> has many other uses as well, obviously, but I really love how elegant and readable it makes the lazy Singleton.

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  • Eclipse Code Templates with Cobol

    - by Bruno Brant
    People, My team is just beginning to learn how to use COBOL on Eclipse (as part of the Rational Developer for System Z package) and one of our most desired features are code templates or code snippets. What we'd like to have is a code completion based on snippets just like we have on Java. For example, when I type try and hit ctrl-space Eclipse shows me a list of completion options, where one of those is create a try/catch block. Well, in COBOL one could leverage this when creating, for example, embedded SQL blocks, like EXEC SQL SELECT field, field, field, FROM table WHERE field = value, field = value END-EXEC. However, for some reason, it seems that Eclipse treats COBOL a little differently (no wonder why) from other languages. As such, when looking for the code templates in the preferences menu for COBOL, its appearance is very different from the Java one. The question is: how does one uses Eclipse's code templates with COBOL?

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  • Sharepoint listsService.updateList method clarification

    - by cyrix86
    I've seen an example here: msdn but it's a little confusing. So if I have a list definition with a field called "CustomField" and I want to update the "ShowField" attribute of this field to be true then I would do this: XmlNode listNode = listService.GetList("MyList"); string version = listNode.Attributes["Version"].Value; string guid = listNode.Attributes["Name"].Value; XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); XmlElement updateFields = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Fields"); string fieldXml = @"<Method ID="1"><Field Name="CustomField" ShowField="true" /></Method>"; updateFields.InnerXml = fieldXml; XmlNode result = listService.UpdateList(guid, null, null, updateFields, null, version); I'm confused because it would seem that you would need to provide a field element to indicate what field to update and then a value element to specify the new value. Could someone clarify this please?

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  • MySQL auto increment

    - by mouthpiec
    Hi, I have table with an auto-increment field, but I need to transfer the table to another table on another database. Will the value of field 1 be 1, that of field 2 be 2, etc? Also in case the database get corrupted and I need to restore the data, will the auto-increment effect in some way? will the value change? (eg if the first row, id (auto-inc) = 1, name = john, country = UK .... will the id field remain 1?) I am asking because if other table refer to this value, all data will get out of sync if this field change.

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  • UITabBarController detect tab clicks

    - by satyam
    I'm creating an app using tab bar controller. It has 2 tabs. In first tab, it will have a text field and a submit button. user will enter some value in text field and clicks submit. Now my problem: on click of submit button, some result "X" is computed depending on value entered in text field and it will open second tab. here result "X" has to be shown in label. without entering some value in text field, if user clicks on second tab, it must show an alert that "enter some value in text field" How can i achieve this. please help me.

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  • Why don't these class attributes register?

    - by slypete
    I have a factory method that generates django form classes like so: def get_indicator_form(indicator, patient): class IndicatorForm(forms.Form): #These don't work! indicator_id = forms.IntegerField(initial=indicator.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput()) patient_id = forms.IntegerField(initial=patient.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput()) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): forms.Form.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.indicator = indicator self.patient = patient #These do! setattr(IndicatorForm, 'indicator_id', forms.IntegerField(initial=indicator.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput())) setattr(IndicatorForm, 'patient_id', forms.IntegerField(initial=patient.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput())) for field in indicator.indicatorfield_set.all(): setattr(IndicatorForm, field.name, copy(field.get_field_type())) return type('IndicatorForm', (forms.Form,), dict(IndicatorForm.__dict__)) I'm trying to understand why the top form field declarations don't work, but the setattr method below does work. I'm fairly new to python, so I suspect it's some language feature that I'm misunderstanding. Can you help me understand why the field declarations at the top of the class don't add the fields to the class? In a possibly related note, when these classes are instantiated, instance.media returns nothing even though some fields have widgets with associated media. Thanks, Pete

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