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• How do I use Loki's small object allocator?

  - by Gregory

  I need to use Loki's small object allocator but I am very confused as to how it works. I've read the documentation and lots of forums but it doesnt make sense: some of them say to use the stl, others use custom allocators. I just need to be able to test its performance with allocating and deallocating objects of different sizes. Could someone please provide a small example of how to use it?

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• Malloc corrupting already malloc'd memory in C

  - by Kyte

  I'm currently helping a friend debug a program of his, which includes linked lists. His list structure is pretty simple: typedef struct nodo{ int cantUnos; char* numBin; struct nodo* sig; }Nodo; We've got the following code snippet: void insNodo(Nodo** lista, char* auxBin, int auxCantUnos){ printf("*******Insertando\n"); int i; if (*lista) printf("DecInt*%p->%p\n", *lista, (*lista)->sig); Nodo* insert = (Nodo*)malloc(sizeof(Nodo*)); if (*lista) printf("Malloc*%p->%p\n", *lista, (*lista)->sig); insert->cantUnos = auxCantUnos; insert->numBin = (char*)malloc(strlen(auxBin)*sizeof(char)); for(i=0 ; i<strlen(auxBin) ; i++) insert->numBin[i] = auxBin[i]; insert-numBin[i] = '\0'; insert-sig = NULL; Nodo* aux; [etc] (The lines with extra indentation were my addition for debug purposes) This yields me the following: *******Insertando DecInt*00341098->00000000 Malloc*00341098->2832B6EE (*lista)-sig is previously and deliberately set as NULL, which checks out until here, and fixed a potential buffer overflow (he'd forgotten to copy the NULL-terminator in insert-numBin). I can't think of a single reason why'd that happen, nor I've got any idea on what else should I provide as further info. (Compiling on latest stable MinGW under fully-patched Windows 7, friend's using MinGW under Windows XP. On my machine, at least, in only happens when GDB's not attached.) Any ideas? Suggestions? Possible exorcism techniques? (Current hack is copying the sig pointer to a temp variable and restore it after malloc. It breaks anyways. Turns out the 2nd malloc corrupts it too. Interestingly enough, it resets sig to the exact same value as the first one).

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• How to boundary check in gcc / mingw?

  - by Hernán Eche

  Having tried this int main(void) { int a[10]; a[20]=5; } gcc -Wall -O2 main.c It gives me no warning... It's gcc within windows (mingw) and I am not able to detect this kind of boundary limit bug how to tell compiler to check it? can mingw do it? thanks

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• Memory mapped files causes low physical memory

  - by harik

  I have a 2GB RAM and running a memory intensive application and going to low available physical memory state and system is not responding to user actions, like opening any application or menu invocation etc. How do I trigger or tell the system to swap the memory to pagefile and free physical memory? I'm using Windows XP. If I run the same application on 4GB RAM machine it is not the case, system response is good. After getting choked of available physical memory system automatically swaps to pagefile and free physical memory, not that bad as 2GB system. To overcome this problem (on 2GB machine) attempted to use memory mapped files for large dataset which are allocated by application. In this case virtual memory of the application(process) is fine but system cache is high and same problem as above that physical memory is less. Even though memory mapped file is not mapped to process virtual memory system cache is high. why???!!! :( Any help is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Why does my Delphi program's memory continue to grow?

  - by lkessler

  I am using Delphi 2009 which has the FastMM4 memory manager built into it. My program reads in and processes a large dataset. All memory is freed correctly whenever I clear the dataset or exit the program. It has no memory leaks at all. Using the CurrentMemoryUsage routine given in spenwarr's answer to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/437683/how-to-get-the-memory-used-by-a-delphi-program, I have displayed the memory used by FastMM4 during processing. What seems to be happening is that memory is use is growing after every process and release cycle. e.g.: 1,456 KB used after starting my program with no dataset. 218,455 KB used after loading a large dataset. 71,994 KB after clearing the dataset completely. If I exit at this point (or any point in my example), no memory leaks are reported. 271,905 KB used after loading the same dataset again. 125,443 KB after clearing the dataset completely. 325,519 KB used after loading the same dataset again. 179,059 KB after clearing the dataset completely. 378,752 KB used after loading the same dataset again. It seems that my program's memory use is growing by about 53,400 KB upon each load/clear cycle. Task Manager confirms that this is actually happening. I have heard that FastMM4 does not always release all of the program's memory back to the Operating system when objects are freed so that it can keep some memory around when it needs more. But this continual growing bothers me. Since no memory leaks are reported, I can't identify a problem. Does anyone know why this is happening, if it is bad, and if there is anything I can or should do about it?

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• How to find number of memory accesses

  - by Sharat Chandra

  Can anybody tell me a unix command that can be used to find the number of memory accesses that took place in a given interval. vmstat, top and sar only give the amount of physical memory space occupied/available .. But do not give the number of memory of accesses in a given interval

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• detecting double free object, release or not release ...

  - by mongeta

  Hello, If we have this code in our interface .h file: NSString *fieldNameToStoreModel; NSFetchedResultsController *fetchedResultsController; NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext; DataEntered *dataEntered; In our implementation file .m we must have: - (void)dealloc { [fieldNameToStoreModel release]; [fetchedResultsController release]; [managedObjectContext release]; [dataEntered release]; [super dealloc]; } The 4 objects are assigned from a previous UIViewController, like this: UIViewController *detailViewController; detailViewController = [[CarModelSelectViewController alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStylePlain]; ((CarModelSelectViewController *)detailViewController).dataEntered = self.dataEntered; ((CarModelSelectViewController *)detailViewController).managedObjectContext = self.managedObjectContext; ((CarModelSelectViewController *)detailViewController).fieldNameToStoreModel = self.fieldNameToStoreModel; [self.navigationController pushViewController:detailViewController animated:YES]; [detailViewController release]; The objects that now live in the new UIViewController, are the same as the previous UIViewController, and I can't release them in the new UIViewController ? The problems is that sometimes, my app crashes when I leave the new UIViewController and go to the previous one, not always. Normally the error that I'm getting is a double free object. I've used the malloc_error_break but I'm still not sure wich object is. Sometimes I can go from the previous UIViewController to the next one and come back 4 or 5 times, and the double free object appears. If I don't release any object, all is working and Instruments says that there are no memory leaks ... So, the final question, should I release those objects here or not ? Thanks, m.

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• differing methods of alloc / init / retaining an object in objective-c

  - by taber

  In several pieces of sample objective-c code I've seen people create new objects like this: RootViewController *viewController = [[RootViewController alloc] init]; self.rootViewController = viewController; // self.rootViewController is a (nonatomic,retain) synthesized property [viewController release]; [window addSubview: [self.rootViewController view]]; Is that any different "behind the scenes" than doing it like this instead? self.rootViewController = [[RootViewController alloc] init]; [window addSubview: [self.rootViewController view]]; Seems a bit more straightforward/streamlined that way so I'm wondering why anyone would opt for the first method. Thanks!

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• Silverlight 4 seems like starving of memory

  - by Marco

  I have been playing a bit with Silverlight and try to port my Silverlight 3.0 application to Silverlight 4.0. My application loads different XAP files and upon a user request create an instance of a Xaml user control and adds it to the main container, in a sort of MEF approach in order I can have an extensible and pluggable application. The application is pretty huge and to keep acceptable the performances and the initial loading I have built up some helper classes to load in the background all pages and user controls that might be used later on. On Silverlight 3.0 everything was running smoothly without any problem so far. Switching to SL 4.0 I have noticed that when the process approaches to create the instances of the user controls the layout freezes unexpectedly for a minute and sometimes for more. Looking at the task manager the memory usage of IE jumps from 50MB to 400MB and sometimes up to 1.5 GB. If the process won't take that much the layout is rendered properly even though the memory usage is still extremely high. Otherwise everything crashes due to out of memory exception. Running the same application compiled in SL3, the memory used is about 200MB when all the usercontrols are loaded. Time spent to load the application in SL3 is about 10 seconds, while it takes up to 3 mins in SL4 There are no transparencies, no opacities set, no effects and animations in the layout. User controls are instantied on the fly and added or removed in the visual tree on purpose when the user switches from one screen to another. The resources are all cleaned properly when a usercontrol is removed from the visual tree to allow the GC to operate in the background. I may do something wrong but I could not figure out where exactly nail out the source of this problem. As far as I know there is no memory profiler in SL4 that can help me out to find where to look at. But again I could not be updated on new debugging tools available.

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• Unknown error in the memory in C

  - by Sergey Gavruk

  I have a 2D dynamic array. I enter a line of 0's after line which has a biggest number: void InsertZero(int **a, int pos){ int i, j; a = (int**)realloc(a, n * sizeof(*a)); a[n-1] = (int*)calloc(n, sizeof(**a)); d = 0; for(i = n-1; i > pos; i--){ for(j = 0; j < n; j++){ a[i][j] = a[i-1][j]; printf("%d ", a[i][j]); } } for(i = 0; i < n; i++){ a[pos][i] = 0; } } If i make a size of array 3, 5, 7, 9, ... it works correctly. But if a number of lines is 2, 4, 6, ... , it is an access violation error, when i try to print my array: void Print(void){ int i, j; for(i = 0; i < (n-d); i++){ for(j = 0; j < n; j++){ printf("%d\t", arr[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } } code: http://codepad.org/JcUis6W4

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• Can memory be cleaned up?

  - by Tom

  I am working in Delphi 5 (with FastMM installed) on a Win32 project, and have recently been trying to drastically reduce the memory usage in this application. So far, I have cut the usage nearly in half, but noticed something when working on a separate task. When I minimized the application, the memory usage shrunk from 45 megs down to 1 meg, which I attributed to it paging out to disk. When I restored it and restarted working, the memory went up only to 15 megs. As I continued working, the memory usage slowly went up again, and a minimize and restore flushed it back down to 15 megs. So to my thinking, when my code tells the system to release the memory, it is still being held on to according to Windows, and the actual garbage collection doesn't kick in until a lot later. Can anyone confirm/deny this sort of behavior? Is it possible to get the memory cleaned up programatically? If I keep using the program without doing this manual flush, I get an out of memory error after a while, and would like to eliminate that. Thanks.

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• Allocate 2D Array on Device Memory in CUDA

  - by Gitmo

  How do I allocate and transfer(to and from Host) 2D arrays in device memory in Cuda?

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• can a OOM be caused by not finding enough contiguous memory?

  - by raticulin

  I start some java code with -Xmx1024m, and at some point I get an hprof due to OOM. The hprof shows just 320mb, and give me a stack trace: at java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange([CII)[C (Arrays.java:3209) at java.lang.String.<init>([CII)V (String.java:215) at java.lang.StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String; (StringBuilder.java:430) ... This comes from a large string I am copying. I remember reading somewhere (cannot find where) what happened is these cases is: process still has not consumed 1gb of memory, is way below even if heap still below 1gb, it needs some amount of memory, and for copyOfRange() it has to be continuous memory, so even if it is not over the limit yet, it cannot find a large enough piece of memory on the host, it fails with an OOM. I have tried to look for doc on this (copyOfRange() needs a block of continuous memory), but could not find any. The other possible culprit would be not enough permgen memory. Can someone confirm or refute the continuous memory hypothesis? Any pointer to some doc would help too.

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• Accessing outside the memory allocated by the program. (Accessing other app's memory)

  - by Auxiliary

  Is there a way to access (read or free) memory chunks that are outside the memory that is allocated for the program without getting access violation exceptions. Well what I actually would like to understand apart from this, is how a memory cleaner (system garbage collector) works. I've always wanted to write such a program. (The language isn't an issue) Thanks in advance :)

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• NonStop ODBC: how the connections (ODBC servers) are assigned to CPUs?

  - by Vladimir Dyuzhev

  We have an ODBC pool running on a NonStop server. The pool is connected to SQL/MX. This pool is used by a few external Java applications, each of which has an JDBC pool connected to ODBC pool (e.g. 14 connections per application). With time (after a few application recycles) we see an imbalance between CPUs -- some have 8 ODBC processes running, some only 5. That leads to CPU time imbalance too. Up to this point we assumed that a CPU is assigned to ODBC process in round-robin fashion. That would maintain the number of ODBC processes more or less equally distributed. It's not the case though. Is there any information on how ODBC pool decided which CPU to choose for every new allocated process? Does it look at CPU load? Available memory? Something else? Sadly, even HP's own people (available to us, that is) couldn't answer those questions with certainty. :-(

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• Memory layout of executable

  - by Ross

  Hi all, When loading an executable then segments like the code, data, bss and so on need to be placed in memory. I am just wondering, if someone could tell me where on a standard x86 for example the libc library is placed. Is that at the top or bottom of memory. My guess is at the bottom, close to the application code, ie., that would look something like this here: --------- 0x1000 Stack | V ^ | Heap ---------- Data + BSS ---------- App Code ---------- libc ---------- 0x0000 Thanks a lot, Ross

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• Best way to figure out why didReceiveMemoryWarning is always getting called on a UIViewController

  - by wgpubs

  I have a UIViewController and I'm noticing that I've done something to where the didReceiveMemoryWarning method is getting called every time I run it on an actual device. I've run the project with Run Run With Performance Tool Object Allocations (and Leaks also). There are no leaks but I have no idea how to read or understand the "Object Allocations" data that is displayed. So ... How do I read this information and what is/are the best ways to figure out (and resolve) why this is happening? Thanks

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• dynamically created arrays

  - by DevAno1

  My task consists of two parts. First I have to create globbal char array of 100 elements, and insert some text to it using cin. Afterwards calculate amount of chars, and create dedicated array with the length of the inputted text. I was thinking about following solution : char[100]inputData; int main() { cin >> inputData >> endl; int length=0; for(int i=0; i<100; i++) { while(inputData[i] == "\0") { ++count; } } char c = new char[count]; Am I thinking good ? Second part of the task is to introduce in the first program dynamically created array of pointers to all inserted words. Adding a new word should print all the previous words and if there is no space for next words, size of the inputData array should be increased twice. And to be honest this is a bit too much for me. How I can create pointers to words specifically ? And how can I increase the size of global array without loosing its content ? With some temporary array ?

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• Why does this program crash: passing of std::string between DLLs

  - by msiemeri

  Hello together. I have some trouble figuring out why the following crashes (MSVC9): //// the following compiles to A.dll with release runtime linked dynamically //A.h class A { __declspec(dllexport) std::string getString(); }; //A.cpp #include "A.h" std::string A::getString() { return "I am a string."; } //// the following compiles to main.exe with debug runtime linked dynamically #include "A.h" int main() { A a; std::string s = A.getString(); return 0; } // crash on exit Obviously (?) this is due to the different memory models for the executable and DLL. Could it be that the string A::getString() returns is being allocated in A.dll and freed in main.exe? If so, why - and what would be a safe way to pass strings between DLLs (or executables, for that matter)? Without using wrappers like shared_ptr with a custom deleter.

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• Wrapping allocated output parameters with a scoped_ptr/array

  - by Danra

  So, I have some code which looks like this: byte* ar; foo(ar) // Allocates a new[] byte array for ar ... delete[] ar; To make this safer, I used a scoped_array: byte* arRaw; scoped_array ar; foo(arRaw); ar.reset(arRaw); ... // No delete[] The question is, Is there any existing way to do this using just the scoped_array, without using a temporary raw array? I can probably write an in-place "resetter" class, just wondering if the functionality exists and I'm missing it. Thanks, Dan

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• [C#] Not enough memory or not enough handles?

  - by Nayan

  I am working on a large scale project where a custom (pretty good and robust) framework has been provided and we have to use that for showing up forms and views. There is abstract class StrategyEditor (derived from some class in framework) which is instantiated whenever a new StrategyForm is opened. StrategyForm (a customized window frame) contains StrategyEditor. StrategyEditor contains StrategyTab. StrategyTab contains StrategyCanvas. This is a small portion of the big classes to clarify that there are many objects that will be created if one StrategyForm object is allocated in memory at run-time. My component owns all these classes mentioned above except StrategyForm whose code is not in my control. Now, at run-time, user opens up many strategy objects (which trigger creation of new StrategyForm object.) After creating approx. 44 strategy objects, we see that the USER OBJECT HANDLES (I'll use UOH from here onwards) created by the application reaches to about 20k+, while in registry the default amount for handles is 10k. Read more about User Objects here. Testing on different machines made it clear that the number of strategy objects opened is different for message to pop-up - on one m/c if it is 44, then it can be 40 on another. When we see the message pop-up, it means that the application is going to respond slowly. It gets worse with few more objects and then creation of window frames and subsequent objects fail. We first thought that it was not-enough-memory issue. But then reading more about new in C# helped in understanding that an exception would be thrown if app ran out of memory. This is not a memory issue then, I feel (task manager also showed 1.5GB+ available memory.) M/C specs Core 2 Duo 2GHz+ 4GB RAM 80GB+ free disk space for page file Virtual Memory set: 4000 - 6000 My questions Q1. Does this look like a memory issue and I am wrong that it is not? Q2. Does this point to exhaustion of free UOHs (as I'm thinking) and which is resulting in failure of creation of window handles? Q3. How can we avoid loading up of an StrategyEditor object (beyond a threshold, keeping an eye on the current usage of UOHs)? (we already know how to fetch number of UOHs in use, so don't go there.) Keep in mind that the call to new StrategyForm() is outside the control of my component. Q4. I am bit confused - what are Handles to user objects exactly? Is MSDN talking about any object that we create or only some specific objects like window handles, cursor handles, icon handles? Q5. What exactly cause to use up a UOH? (almost same as Q4) I would be really thankful to anyone who can give me some knowledgeable answers. Thanks much! :)

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• Can I free memory passed to SysAllocString?

  - by RichAmberale

  When allocating a new BSTR with SysAllocString via a wchar_t* on the heap, should I then free the original wchar_t* on the heap? So is this the right way? wchar_t *hs = new wchar_t[20]; // load some wchar's into hs... BSTR bs = SysAllocString(hs); delete[] hs; Am I supposed to call delete here to free up the memory? Or was that memory just adoped by the BSTR?

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• Finding leaks under GeneralBlock-16?

  - by erastusnjuki

  If ObjectAlloc cannot deduce type information for the block, it uses 'GeneralBlock'. Any strategies to get leaks from this block that may eliminate the need of my 'trial and error' methods that I use? The Extended Detail thing doesn't really do it for me as I just keep guessing.

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• Visual Studio 2010 -- how to reduce its memory footprint

  - by GregC

  I have a solution with just under 100 projects in it, a mix of C++ and C# (mostly C#). When working in VS2005, the working set of Visual Studio is considerably smaller than that of VS2010. I was wondering if there are some things that can be turned off, so I can develop in VS2010 under 32-bit OS without running out of memory.

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• Problem with using malloc in link lists (urgent ! help please)

  - by Abhinav

  I've been working on this program for five months now. Its a real time application of a sensor network. I create several link lists during the life of the program and Im using malloc for creating a new node in the link. What happens is that the program suddenly stops or goes crazy and restarts. Im using AVR and the microcontroller is ATMEGA 1281. After a lot of debugging I figured out that that the malloc is causing the problem. I do not free the memory after exiting the function that creates a new link so Im guessing that this is eventually causing the heap memory to overflow or something like that. Now if I use the free() function to deallocate the memory at the end of the function using malloc, the program just gets stuck when the control reaches free(). Is this because the memory becomes too clustered after calling free() ? I also create reference tables for example if 'head' is a new link list and I create another list called current and make it equal to head. table *head; table *current = head; After the end of the function if I use free free(current); current = NULL: Then the program gets stuck here. I dont know what to do. What am I doing wrong? Is there a way to increase the size of the heap memory Please help...

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