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  • 8-direction path finding algorithm

    - by frinkz
    I'm having trouble finding the right pathfinding algorithm for some AI I'm working on. I have players on a pitch, moving around freely (not stuck to a grid), but they are confined to moving in 8 directions (N NE E etc.) I was working on using A*, and a graph for this. But I realised, every node on the graph is equally far apart, and all the edges have the same weight - since the pitch is rectangular. And the number of nodes is enormous (being a large pitch, with them able to move between 1 pixel and another) I figured there must be another algorithm, optimised for this sort of thing?

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  • Algorithm: efficient way to remove duplicate integers from an array

    - by ejel
    I got this problem from an interview with Microsoft. Given an array of random integers, write an algorithm in C that removes duplicated numbers and return the unique numbers in the original array. E.g Input: {4, 8, 4, 1, 1, 2, 9} Output: {4, 8, 1, 2, 9, ?, ?} One caveat is that the expected algorithm should not required the array to be sorted first. And when an element has been removed, the following elements must be shifted forward as well. Anyway, value of elements at the tail of the array where elements were shifted forward are negligible. Update: The result must be returned in the original array and helper data structure (e.g. hashtable) should not be used. However, I guess order preservation is not necessary. Update2: For those who wonder why these impractical constraints, this was an interview question and all these constraints are discussed during the thinking process to see how I can come up with different ideas.

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  • Classical Round Table algorithm?

    - by user1795954
    Coins with different value are spread in circle around a round table . We can choose any coin such that for any two adjacent pair of coins , atleast one must be selected (both maybe selected too) . In such condition we have to find minimum possible value of coins selected . I have to respect time complexity so instead of using naive recursive bruteforce , i tried doing it using dynamic programming . But i get Wrong Answer - my algorithm is incorrect . If someone could suggest an algorithm to do it dynamically , i could code myself in c++ . Also maximum number of coins is 10^6 , so i think O(n) solution exists .

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  • Algorithm for evaluating nested logical expression

    - by TravelingSalesman
    I have a logical expression that I would like to evaluate. The expression can be nested and consists of T (True) or F (False) and parenthesis. The parenthesis "(" means "logical OR". Two terms TF beside each others (or any other two combinations beside each others), should be ANDED (Logical AND). For example, the expression: ((TFT)T) = true I need an algorithm for solving this problem. I thought of converting the expression first to disjunctive or conjunctive normal form and then I can easily evaluate the expression. However, I couldn't find an algorithm that normalizes the expression. Any suggestions? Thank you. The problem statement can be found here: https://icpcarchive.ecs.baylor.edu/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=2&category=378&page=show_problem&problem=2967

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  • Coming Up with a Good Algorithm for a Simple Idea

    - by mkoryak
    I need to come up with an algorithm that does the following: Lets say you have an array of positive numbers (e.g. [1,3,7,0,0,9]) and you know beforehand their sum is 20. You want to abstract some average amount from each number such that the new sum would be less by 7. To do so, you must follow these rules: you can only subtract integers the resulting array must not have any negative values you can not make any changes to the indices of the buckets. The more uniformly the subtraction is distributed over the array the better. Here is my attempt at an algorithm in JavaScript + underscore (which will probably make it n^2): function distributeSubtraction(array, goal){ var sum = _.reduce(arr, function(x, y) { return x + y; }, 0); if(goal < sum){ while(goal < sum && goal > 0){ var less = ~~(goal / _.filter(arr, _.identity).length); //length of array without 0s arr = _.map(arr, function(val){ if(less > 0){ return (less < val) ? val - less : val; //not ideal, im skipping some! } else { if(goal > 0){ //again not ideal. giving preference to start of array if(val > 0) { goal--; return val - 1; } } else { return val; } } }); if(goal > 0){ var newSum = _.reduce(arr, function(x, y) { return x + y; }, 0); goal -= sum - newSum; sum = newSum; } else { return arr; } } } else if(goal == sum) { return _.map(arr, function(){ return 0; }); } else { return arr; } } var goal = 7; var arr = [1,3,7,0,0,9]; var newArray = distributeSubtraction(arr, goal); //returned: [0, 1, 5, 0, 0, 7]; Well, that works but there must be a better way! I imagine the run time of this thing will be terrible with bigger arrays and bigger numbers. edit: I want to clarify that this question is purely academic. Think of it like an interview question where you whiteboard something and the interviewer asks you how your algorithm would behave on a different type of a dataset.

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  • Fast partial sorting algorithm

    - by trican
    I'm looking for a fast way to do a partial sort of 81 numbers - Ideally I'm looking to extract the lowest 16 values (its not necessary for the 16 to be in the absolutely correct order). The target for this is dedicated hardware in an FPGA - so this slightly complicated matters as I want the area of the resultant implementation as small as possible. I looked at and implemented the odd-even merge sort algorithm, but I'm ideally looking for anything that might be more efficient for my needs (trade algorithm implementation size for a partial sort giving lowest 16, not necessarily in order as opposed to a full sort) Any suggestions would be very welcome Many thanks

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  • Algorithm to determine coin combinations

    - by A.J.
    I was recently faced with a prompt for a programming algorithm that I had no idea what to do for. I've never really written an algorithm before, so I'm kind of a newb at this. The problem said to write a program to determine all of the possible coin combinations for a cashier to give back as change based on coin values and number of coins. For example, there could be a currency with 4 coins: a 2 cent, 6 cent, 10 cent and 15 cent coins. How many combinations of this that equal 50 cents are there? The language I'm using is C++, although that doesn't really matter too much. edit: This is a more specific programming question, but how would I analyze a string in C++ to get the coin values? They were given in a text document like 4 2 6 10 15 50 (where the numbers in this case correspond to the example I gave)

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  • [NEWVERSION]algorithm || method to write prog[UNSOLVED] [closed]

    - by fatai
    I am one of the computer science student. Everyone solve problem with a different or same method, ( but actually I dont know whether they use method or I dont know whether there are such common method to approach problem.) if there are common method, What is it ? If there are different method, which method are you using ? All teacher give us problem which in simple form sometimes, but they donot introduce any approach or method(s) so that we cannot make a decision to choose the method then apply that one to problem , afterward find solution then write code.No help from teacher , push us to find method to solve homework. Ex: my friend is using no method , he says "I start to construct algorithm while I try to write prog." I have found one method when I failed the course, More accurately, my method: When I counter problem in language , I will get more paper and then ; first, input/ output step ; my prog will take this / these there argument(s) and return namely X , ex : in c, input length is not known and at same type , so I must use pointer desired output is in form of package , so use structure second, execution part ; in that step , I am writing all step which are goes to final output ex : in python ; 1.) [ + , [- , 4 , [ * , 1 , 2 ]], 5] 2.) [ + , [- , 4 , 2 ],5 ] 3.) [ + , 2 , 5] 4.) 7 ==> return 7 third, I will write test code ex : in c++ input : append 3 4 5 6 vector_x remove 0 1 desired output vector_x holds : 5 6 now, my other question is ; What is/are other method(s) which have/has been; used to construct class :::: for c++ , python, java used to communicate classes / computers used for solving embedded system problem ::::: for c by other user? Some programmer uses generalized method without considering prog-language(java , perl .. ), what is this method ? Why I wonder , because I learn if you dont costruct algorithm on paper, you may achieve your goal. Like no money no lunch , I can say no algorithm no prog therefore , feel free when you write your own method , a way which is introduced by someone else but you are using and you find it is so efficient

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  • I need an algorithm to find the best path

    - by user242635
    I need an algorithm to find the best solution of a path finding problem. The problem can be stated as: At the starting point I can proceed along multiple different paths. At each step there are another multiple possible choices where to proceed. There are two operations possible at each step: A boundary condition that determine if a path is acceptable or not. A condition that determine if the path has reached the final destination and can be selected as the best one. At each step a number of paths can be eliminated, letting only the "good" paths to grow. I hope this sufficiently describes my problem, and also a possible brute force solution. My question is: is the brute force is the best/only solution to the problem, and I need some hint also about the best coding structure of the algorithm.

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  • Is there any algorithm for finding LINES by PIXEL COLORS on picture?

    - by Ole Jak
    So I have Image like this I want to get something like this (I hevent drawn all lines I want but I hope you can get my idea) I need algorithm for finding all straight lines on it by just reading colors of pixels. No hard math, no Haar, no Hough. Some algorithm which would be based on points colors. I want to give to algorithm parameters like min line length and max line distortion. I want to get relative to picture pixel coords start and end points of lines. So I need algorithm for finding straight lines of different colors on picture. Algorithm which would be based on idea of image of different colors and Lines of static colors. Yes - such algorithm will not work for images with lots of shadows and lights. But It willl probably be fast (I hope so). Is there any such algorithm?

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  • Why does adding Crossover to my Genetic Algorithm gives me worse results?

    - by MahlerFive
    I have implemented a Genetic Algorithm to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). When I use only mutation, I find better solutions than when I add in crossover. I know that normal crossover methods do not work for TSP, so I implemented both the Ordered Crossover and the PMX Crossover methods, and both suffer from bad results. Here are the other parameters I'm using: Mutation: Single Swap Mutation or Inverted Subsequence Mutation (as described by Tiendil here) with mutation rates tested between 1% and 25%. Selection: Roulette Wheel Selection Fitness function: 1 / distance of tour Population size: Tested 100, 200, 500, I also run the GA 5 times so that I have a variety of starting populations. Stop Condition: 2500 generations With the same dataset of 26 points, I usually get results of about 500-600 distance using purely mutation with high mutation rates. When adding crossover my results are usually in the 800 distance range. The other confusing thing is that I have also implemented a very simple Hill-Climbing algorithm to solve the problem and when I run that 1000 times (faster than running the GA 5 times) I get results around 410-450 distance, and I would expect to get better results using a GA. Any ideas as to why my GA performing worse when I add crossover? And why is it performing much worse than a simple Hill-Climb algorithm which should get stuck on local maxima as it has no way of exploring once it finds a local max?

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  • Why does adding Crossover to my Genetic Algorithm give me worse results?

    - by MahlerFive
    I have implemented a Genetic Algorithm to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). When I use only mutation, I find better solutions than when I add in crossover. I know that normal crossover methods do not work for TSP, so I implemented both the Ordered Crossover and the PMX Crossover methods, and both suffer from bad results. Here are the other parameters I'm using: Mutation: Single Swap Mutation or Inverted Subsequence Mutation (as described by Tiendil here) with mutation rates tested between 1% and 25%. Selection: Roulette Wheel Selection Fitness function: 1 / distance of tour Population size: Tested 100, 200, 500, I also run the GA 5 times so that I have a variety of starting populations. Stop Condition: 2500 generations With the same dataset of 26 points, I usually get results of about 500-600 distance using purely mutation with high mutation rates. When adding crossover my results are usually in the 800 distance range. The other confusing thing is that I have also implemented a very simple Hill-Climbing algorithm to solve the problem and when I run that 1000 times (faster than running the GA 5 times) I get results around 410-450 distance, and I would expect to get better results using a GA. Any ideas as to why my GA performing worse when I add crossover? And why is it performing much worse than a simple Hill-Climb algorithm which should get stuck on local maxima as it has no way of exploring once it finds a local max?

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  • Minimum-Waste Print Job Grouping Algorithm?

    - by Matt Mc
    I work at a publishing house and I am setting up one of our presses for "ganging", in other words, printing multiple jobs simultaneously. Given that different print jobs can have different quantities, and anywhere from 1 to 20 jobs might need to be considered at a time, the problem would be to determine which jobs to group together to minimize waste (waste coming from over-printing on smaller-quantity jobs in a given set, that is). Given the following stable data: All jobs are equal in terms of spatial size--placement on paper doesn't come into consideration. There are three "lanes", meaning that three jobs can be printed simultaneously. Ideally, each lane has one job. Part of the problem is minimizing how many lanes each job is run on. If necessary, one job could be run on two lanes, with a second job on the third lane. The "grouping" waste from a given set of jobs (let's say the quantities of them are x, y and z) would be the highest number minus the two lower numbers. So if x is the higher number, the grouping waste would be (x - y) + (x - z). Otherwise stated, waste is produced by printing job Y and Z (in excess of their quantities) up to the quantity of X. The grouping waste would be a qualifier for the given set, meaning it could not exceed a certain quantity or the job would simply be printed alone. So the question is stated: how to determine which sets of jobs are grouped together, out of any given number of jobs, based on the qualifiers of 1) Three similar quantities OR 2) Two quantities where one is approximately double the other, AND with the aim of minimal total grouping waste across the various sets. (Edit) Quantity Information: Typical job quantities can be from 150 to 350 on foreign languages, or 500 to 1000 on English print runs. This data can be used to set up some scenarios for an algorithm. For example, let's say you had 5 jobs: 1000, 500, 500, 450, 250 By looking at it, I can see a couple of answers. Obviously (1000/500/500) is not efficient as you'll have a grouping waste of 1000. (500/500/450) is better as you'll have a waste of 50, but then you run (1000) and (250) alone. But you could also run (1000/500) with 1000 on two lanes, (500/250) with 500 on two lanes and then (450) alone. In terms of trade-offs for lane minimization vs. wastage, we could say that any grouping waste over 200 is excessive. (End Edit) ...Needless to say, quite a problem. (For me.) I am a moderately skilled programmer but I do not have much familiarity with algorithms and I am not fully studied in the mathematics of the area. I'm I/P writing a sort of brute-force program that simply tries all options, neglecting any option tree that seems to have excessive grouping waste. However, I can't help but hope there's an easier and more efficient method. I've looked at various websites trying to find out more about algorithms in general and have been slogging my way through the symbology, but it's slow going. Unfortunately, Wikipedia's articles on the subject are very cross-dependent and it's difficult to find an "in". The only thing I've been able to really find would seem to be a definition of the rough type of algorithm I need: "Exclusive Distance Clustering", one-dimensionally speaking. I did look at what seems to be the popularly referred-to algorithm on this site, the Bin Packing one, but I was unable to see exactly how it would work with my problem. Any help is appreciated. :)

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  • How could I apply a genetic algorithm to a simple game that follows rollercoaster tracks?

    - by Chris
    I have free-rein over what I do on a final assignment for school, with respect to modifying a simple direct-x game that currently just has the camera follow some rollercoaster rails. I've developed an interest in genetic algorithms and would like to take this opportunity to apply one and learn something about them. However, I can't think of any way I could possibly apply one in this case. What are some options available to me?

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  • Implementing Naïve Bayes algorithm in Java - Need some guidance

    - by techventure
    hello stackflow people As a School assignment i'm required to implement Naïve Bayes algorithm which i am intending to do in Java. In trying to understand how its done, i've read the book "Data Mining - Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques" which has a section on this topic but am still unsure on some primary points that are blocking my progress. Since i'm seeking guidance not solution in here, i'll tell you guys what i thinking in my head, what i think is the correct approach and in return ask for correction/guidance which will very much be appreciated. please note that i am an absolute beginner on Naïve Bayes algorithm, Data mining and in general programming so you might see stupid comments/calculations below: The training data set i'm given has 4 attributes/features that are numeric and normalized(in range[0 1]) using Weka (no missing values)and one nominal class(yes/no) 1) The data coming from a csv file is numeric HENCE * Given the attributes are numeric i use PDF (probability density function) formula. + To calculate the PDF in java i first separate the attributes based on whether they're in class yes or class no and hold them into different array (array class yes and array class no) + Then calculate the mean(sum of the values in row / number of values in that row) and standard divination for each of the 4 attributes (columns) of each class + Now to find PDF of a given value(n) i do (n-mean)^2/(2*SD^2), + Then to find P( yes | E) and P( no | E) i multiply the PDF value of all 4 given attributes and compare which is larger, which indicates the class it belongs to In temrs of Java, i'm using ArrayList of ArrayList and Double to store the attribute values. lastly i'm unsure how to to get new data? Should i ask for input file (like csv) or command prompt and ask for 4 values? I'll stop here for now (do have more questions) but I'm worried this won't get any responses given how long its got. I will really appreciate for those that give their time reading my problems and comment.

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  • help in the Donalds B. Johnson's algorithm, i cannot understand the pseudo code (PART II)

    - by Pitelk
    Hi all , i cannot understand a certain part of the paper published by Donald Johnson about finding cycles (Circuits) in a graph. More specific i cannot understand what is the matrix Ak which is mentioned in the following line of the pseudo code : Ak:=adjacency structure of strong component K with least vertex in subgraph of G induced by {s,s+1,....n}; to make things worse some lines after is mentins " for i in Vk do " without declaring what the Vk is... As far i have understand we have the following: 1) in general, a strong component is a sub-graph of a graph, in which for every node of this sub-graph there is a path to any node of the sub-graph (in other words you can access any node of the sub-graph from any other node of the sub-graph) 2) a sub-graph induced by a list of nodes is a graph containing all these nodes plus all the edges connecting these nodes. in paper the mathematical definition is " F is a subgraph of G induced by W if W is subset of V and F = (W,{u,y)|u,y in W and (u,y) in E)}) where u,y are edges , E is the set of all the edges in the graph, W is a set of nodes. 3)in the code implementation the nodes are named by integer numbers 1 ... n. 4) I suspect that the Vk is the set of nodes of the strong component K. now to the question. Lets say we have a graph G= (V,E) with V = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} which it can be divided into 3 strong components the SC1 = {1,4,7,8} SC2= {2,3,9} SC3 = {5,6} (and their edges) Can anybody give me an example for s =1, s= 2, s= 5 what if going to be the Vk and Ak according to the code? The pseudo code is in my previous question in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2908575/help-in-the-donalds-b-johnsons-algorithm-i-cannot-understand-the-pseudo-code and the paper can be found at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2908575/help-in-the-donalds-b-johnsons-algorithm-i-cannot-understand-the-pseudo-code thank you in advance

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  • How to optimize this algorithm?

    - by Bakhtiyor
    I have two sets of arrays like this for example. $Arr1['uid'][]='user 1'; $Arr1['weight'][]=1; $Arr1['uid'][]='user 2'; $Arr1['weight'][]=10; $Arr1['uid'][]='user 3'; $Arr1['weight'][]=5; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 1'; $Arr2['weight'][]=3; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 4'; $Arr2['weight'][]=20; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 5'; $Arr2['weight'][]=15; $Arr2['uid'][]='user 2'; $Arr2['weight'][]=2; The size of two arrays could be different of course. $Arr1 has coefficient of 0.7 and $Arr2 has coefficient of 0.3. I need to calculate following formula $result=$Arr1['weight'][$index]*$Arr1Coeff+$Arr2['weight'][$index]*$Arr2Coeff; where $Arr1['uid']=$Arr2['uid']. So when $Arr1['uid'] doesn't exists in $Arr2 then we need to omit $Arr2 and vice versa. And, here is an algorithm I am using now. foreach($Arr1['uid'] as $index=>$arr1_uid){ $pos=array_search($arr1_uid, $Arr2['uid']); if ($pos===false){ $result=$Arr1['weight'][$index]*$Arr1Coeff; echo "<br>$arr1_uid has not found and RES=".$result; }else{ $result=$Arr1['weight'][$index]*$Arr1Coeff+$Arr2['weight'][$pos]*$Arr2Coeff; echo "<br>$arr1_uid has found on $pos and RES=".$result; } } foreach($Arr2['uid'] as $index=>$arr2_uid){ if (!in_array($arr2_uid, $Arr1['uid'])){ $result=$Arr2['weight'][$index]*$Arr2Coeff; echo "<br>$arr2_uid has not found and RES=".$result; }else{ echo "<br>$arr2_uid has found somewhere"; } } The question is how can I optimize this algorithm? Can you offer other better solution for this problem? Thank you.

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  • What sorting algorithm is this?

    - by Mike
    Hi, I have a sorting algorithm as follows. My question is, which sorting algorithm is this? I thought it was bubble sort, but it does not do multiple runs. Any idea? Thanks! //sorting in descending order struct node { int value; node* NEXT; } //Assume HEAD pointer denotes the first element in the //linked list // only change the values…don’t have to change the //pointers Sort( Node *Head) { node* first,second,temp; first= Head; while(first!=null) { second=first->NEXT; while(second!=null) { if(first->value < second->value) { temp = new node(); temp->value=first->value; first->value=second->value; second->value=temp->value; delete temp; } second=second->NEXT; } first=first->NEXT; } }

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  • Address Match Key Algorithm

    - by sestocker
    I have a list of addresses in two separate tables that are slightly off that I need to be able to match. For example, the same address can be entered in multiple ways: 110 Test St 110 Test St. 110 Test Street Although simple, you can imagine the situation in more complex scenerios. I am trying to develop a simple algorithm that will be able to match the above addresses as a key. For example. the key might be "11TEST" - first two of 110, first two of Test and first two of street variant. A full match key would also include first 5 of the zipcode as well so in the above example, the full key might look like "11TEST44680". I am looking for ideas for an effective algorithm or resources I can look at for considerations when developing this. Any ideas can be pseudo code or in your language of choice. We are only concerned with US addresses. In fact, we are only looking at addresses from 250 zip codes from Ohio and Michigan. We also do not have access to any postal software although would be open to ideas for cost effective solutions (it would essentially be a one time use). Please be mindful that this is an initial dump of data from a government source so suggestions of how users can clean it are helpful as I build out the application but I would love to have the best initial I possibly can by being able to match addresses as best as possible.

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  • Required Working Precision for the BBP Algorithm?

    - by brainfsck
    Hello, I'm looking to compute the nth digit of Pi in a low-memory environment. As I don't have decimals available to me, this integer-only BBP algorithm in Python has been a great starting point. I only need to calculate one digit of Pi at a time. How can I determine the lowest I can set D, the "number of digits of working precision"? D=4 gives me many correct digits, but a few digits will be off by one. For example, computing digit 393 with precision of 4 gives me 0xafda, from which I extract the digit 0xa. However, the correct digit is 0xb. No matter how high I set D, it seems that testing a sufficient number of digits finds an one where the formula returns an incorrect value. I've tried upping the precision when the digit is "close" to another, e.g. 0x3fff or 0x1000, but cannot find any good definition of "close"; for instance, calculating at digit 9798 gives me 0xcde6 , which is not very close to 0xd000, but the correct digit is 0xd. Can anyone help me figure out how much working precision is needed to calculate a given digit using this algorithm? Thank you,

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  • Multiplication algorithm for abritrary precision (bignum) integers.

    - by nn
    Hi, I'm writing a small bignum library for a homework project. I am to implement Karatsuba multiplication, but before that I would like to write a naive multiplication routine. I'm following a guide written by Paul Zimmerman titled "Modern Computer Arithmetic" which is freely available online. On page 4, there is a description of an algorithm titled BasecaseMultiply which performs gradeschool multiplication. I understand step 2, 3, where B^j is a digit shift of 1, j times. But I don't understand step 1 and 3, where we have A*b_j. How is this multiplication meant to be carried out if the bignum multiplication hasn't been defined yet? Would the operation "*" in this algorithm just be the repeated addition method? Here is the parts I have written thus far. I have unit tested them so they appear to be correct for the most part: The structure I use for my bignum is as follows: #define BIGNUM_DIGITS 2048 typedef uint32_t u_hw; // halfword typedef uint64_t u_w; // word typedef struct { unsigned int sign; // 0 or 1 unsigned int n_digits; u_hw digits[BIGNUM_DIGITS]; } bn; Currently available routines: bn *bn_add(bn *a, bn *b); // returns a+b as a newly allocated bn void bn_lshift(bn *b, int d); // shifts d digits to the left, retains sign int bn_cmp(bn *a, bn *b); // returns 1 if a>b, 0 if a=b, -1 if a<b

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