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• Wheres my memory going?

  - by Stu2000

  My machine keeps 'freezing' before eventaully logging out with all the programs exiting. This is rather annoying, and I think its because I keep running out of memory. I am not running any custom software, just netbeans, chrome etc. (Stuff I usually run on other ubuntu computers without issue). For some reason my memory usage is through the roof as seen here, but I can't quite figure out why. Here is a screenshot which may be useful with htop and gnome-system monitor open as user and as root. I notice that my console-kit-daemon is taking up about a gig of 'virtual memory'. Is that normal? Any tips/advice will be helpful. In the meantime I have ordered 2 x 4 gig ram sticks to try and just throw hardware at the issue.

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• How do I include Implementation and Usage Documentation in one file

  - by Angelo.Hannes

  There are two types of documentation. One type, the Implementation Documentation, contains information about specific implementation of a construct (eg. Class, Method, etc.). It is targeted to the future me, maintainer, debugger and so on. And there is Usage Documentation, containing information how to use a provided api. It does not contain information about specific implementation and is targeted to users of the api. How do I include both of them in one file? (Or do I include both of them in one file? And if not, what type belongs into the source file?) Are there special techniques, using java-doc and/or best practices?

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• Make Your Own Windows 8 Start Button with Zero Memory Usage

  - by The Geek

  After using Windows 8 for a while, I’ve come to the conclusion that removing the Start button from the Taskbar was a huge mistake. Here’s how to make your own “Start” button that brings up the Metro Start screen—but doesn’t waste any memory at all. What we’ll be doing is pretty simple—create a script that simulates pressing the Windows key button, make it into an executable, assign an icon, and pin it to the taskbar so that it sorta looks like the Start button, and works the same way. Since nothing is running, no RAM is wasted. Make Your Own Windows 8 Start Button with Zero Memory Usage Reader Request: How To Repair Blurry Photos HTG Explains: What Can You Find in an Email Header?

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• Where to find PHP version usage stats?

  - by Darren Cook

  My original question was: what percentage of sites are using php 5.4.x? (As it has some very interesting new features.) With secondary questions like how many of the cheap web hosting places have upgraded, which versions of the linux distros include it, etc. But I'm coming up blanks. http://php.net/usage.php stops at July 2007, and the nexen.net website seems to have stopped in 2008. At SecuritySpace they only list the web servers, not php versions. The TIOBE link isn't what I'm after (it doesn't -- and couldn't -- break down by version number. I thought php.net might show download numbers, but I cannot see them anywhere. I kind of answered the distro question, but it requires a lot of clicking around at distrowatch.com. E.g. I see here that Ubuntu offers php 5.4.6 in the latest snapshot, but the latest release (Ubuntu 12.04) has 5.3.10.

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• Ubuntuone Preferences does not show usage, name, e-mail, current plan

  - by Jim

  Ubuntuone is correctly synchronizing selected files between two computers running Ubuntu 10.10. When I open Ubuntuone Preferences, Account tab, on one computer it does not display the usage, name e-mail or current plan. On the other computer all information is shown correctly. On the Devices tab the 2 computers are not shown. They do show correctly on the other computer. Any ideas on how to fix this problem. I have reinstalled Ubuntuone per this link: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne/FAQ/HowDoICompletelyRemoveAndReinstallUbuntuOne

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• La beta du SDK de Kinect pour Windows est disponible gratuitement pour un usage non commercial

  La beta du SDK de Kinect pour Windows est disponible gratuitement Pour un usage non commercial Mise à jour du 17/06/11, par Hinault Romaric Comme l'avait annoncé Microsoft lors de la conférence MiX 11 de la Las Vegas en avril (lire ci-avant), le SDK de Kinect pour Windows est disponible aujourd'hui en version Beta. Ce SDK permettra aux développeurs de créer des applications pour PC exploitant son capteur de mouvements, de porter les jeux initialement conçus pour la Xbox 360 vers le PC ou appliquer la technologie à d'autres usages. Pour Microsoft, Kinect est en effet « plus qu'une simple plateforme pour les jeux et le ...

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• Meaning of the free space indication in Deluge

  - by Tjae Beamon

  Recently I installed Ubuntu 12.0.4 using Wubi with my current Windows Vista. I have already installed all the 265 updates from the Ubuntu software center and downloaded Deluge from there. My hardrive is 80GB according to the disc usage analyzer. It also says 31.2 GB used and 47.8GB free. The confusion comes when I run Deluge. At the bottom it says 2.0GB free space. Is that 2.0GB just a size set from the torrent client and can be changed or am I limited to just that 2.0GB?

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• Aide On a Low Memory System

  - by Jason Mock

  I have a Linux server running on a Linode.com VPS, where I'm trying to utilize aide to detect any issues. However, the nightly aide run uses up all of my available memory and swap (512MB RAM / 384MB SWAP). I've tried adding a script to /etc/cron.daily that would stop/start services using a lot of memory (apache2, mysql) during the aide run. Unfortunately, it seems like aide continued to use every available byte (including the space freed up from apache2 and mysql). Here's a graph from munin showing what happens when aide runs: Note the spike of memory usage, well into swap, when aide runs Any suggestions on tuning aide to not use so much memory, or is there an alternative to aide that doesn't behave this way?

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• gnome shell with very high CPU usage

  - by 501 - not implemented

  i'm running ubuntu gnome 13.10 on my dell latiude e6510 with a i5 m560. The I5 comes with a embedded Intel HD 3400 Graphics. The average cpu usage of the gnome-shell is by 160% it's to high, I think. Is there a problem with a driver? If i call the command glxinfo | grep OpenGL it returns: OpenGL vendor string: VMware, Inc. OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.3, 128 bits) OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 9.2.1 OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30 OpenGL extensions: Greetings

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• Vim and emacs usage/use case/user statistics

  - by G. Kayaalp

  I wonder if there are statistical documents/research based on use of the two major text editors, in which amount of usage is compared to use case, be it programming language, industry, user age, OS and/or many other things I can't think of now. I don't need this information for an assignment/homework or something, I'm just curious about it. I've been searching this for some time, not very intensively, and only thing I have found was this: Emacs user base size Lastly, I want to denote that I'm not looking for estimations. I'm not asking if one editor is better that the other, nor I am expecting help on choice between them. I'm not asking for opinions.

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• DNSCrypt-Proxy specific usage

  - by trekkiejonny

  I have some specific usage questions about DNSCrypt-Proxy. I followed a guide and ended with the command dnscrypt-proxy --daemonize –user=dnscrypt Without any further switches does it default to using OpenDNS's resolver server? I want to use specific servers, I found reference to pointing it to the full path of a CSV file. What is the CSV format for use with DNSCrypt? Would it be "address:port,public key"? Does it go in order of working addresses? For example, first resolver doesn't connect it moves on to the second line of the CSV, then third etc. Lastly, would this question be more appropriate in another StackExchange section?

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• Tweaking Hudson memory usage

  - by rovarghe

  Hudson 3.1 has some performance optimizations that greatly reduces its memory footprint. Prior to this Hudson used to always hold the entire data model (all jobs and all builds) in memory which affected scalability. Some installations configured heap sizes in excess of 1GB to counteract this. Hudson 3.1.x maintains an MRU cache and only loads jobs and builds as they are required. Because of the inability to change existing APIs and be backward compatible with plugins, there were limits to how far we could go with this approach. Memory optimizations almost always come with a related cost, in this case its additional I/O that has to be performed to load data on request. On a small site that has frequent traffic, this is usually not noticeable since the MRU cache will usually hold on to all the data. A large site with infrequent traffic might experience some delays when the first request hits the server after a long gap. If you have a large heap and are able to allocate more memory, the cache settings can be adjusted to take advantage of this and even go back to pre-3.1 behavior. All the cache settings can be passed as options to the JVM container (Tomcat or the default Jetty container) using the -D option. There are two caches, independant of each other, one for Jobs and the other for Builds. For the jobs cache: hudson.jobs.cache.evict_in_seconds ( default=60 ) Seconds from last access (could be because of a servlet request or a background cron thread) a job should be purged from the cache. Set this to 0 to never purge based on time. hudson.jobs.cache.initial_capacity ( default=1024 ) Initial number of jobs the cache can accomodate. Setting this to the number of jobs you typically display on your Hudson landing page or home page will speed up consecutive access to that page. If the default is too large you may consider downsizing and using that memory for the Builds cache instead. hudson.jobs.cache.max_entries ( default=1024) Maximum number of jobs in the cache. The default is large enough for most installations, but if you find I/O activity when always accessing the hudson home page you might consider increasing this, but first verify if the I/O is caused by frequent eviction (see above), rather than by the cache not being large enough. For the builds cache: The builds cache is used to store Build objects as they are read from storage. Typically this happens when a user drills down into the details of a particular Job from the hudson hom epage. The cache is shared among builds for different jobs since in most installations all jobs are not accessed with the same frequency, so a per-job builds cache would be a waste of memory. hudson.job.builds.cache.evict_in_seconds ( default=60 ) Same as the equivalent Job cache, applied to Build. hudson.job.builds.cache.initial_capacity" ( default=512 ) Same as equivalent Job cache setting. Note the smaller initial size. If your site stores a large number of builds and has frequent access to more builds you might consider bumping this up. hudson.job.builds.cache.max_entries ( default=10240 ) The default max is large enough for most installations, the builds cache has bigger sized objects, so be careful about increasing the upper limit on this. See section on monitoring below. Sample usage: java -jar hudson-war-3.1.2-SNAPSHOT.war -Dhudson.jobs.cache.evict_in_seconds=300 \ -Dhudson.job.builds.cache.evict_in_seconds=300 Monitoring cache usage The 'jmap' tool that comes with the JDK can be used to monitor cache performance in an indirect way by looking at the number of Job and Build objects in each cache. Find the PID of the hudson instance and run $ jmap -histo:live <pid | grep 'hudson.model.*Lazy.*Key$' Here's a sample output: num #instances #bytes class name 523: 28 896 hudson.model.RunMap$LazyRunValue$Key 1200: 3 96 hudson.model.LazyTopLevelItem$Key These are the keys to the Jobs (LazyTopLevelItem$Key) and Builds (RunMap$LazyRunValue$Key) in the caches, so counting the number of keys is a good indicator of the number of items in the cache at any given moment. The size in bytes can be ignored, they are just the size of the keys, not the actual sizes of the objects they hold. Those sizes can only be obtained with a profiler. With the output above we can conclude that there are 3 jobs and 28 builds in memory. The 28 builds can all be from 1 job or all 3 jobs. Over time on an idle system, these should get evicted and memory cache should be empty. In practice, because of background cron threads and triggers, jobs rarely fall down to zero. Access of a job or a build by a cron thread resets the eviction timer.

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• SQL SERVER – Solution – Challenge – Puzzle – Usage of FAST Hint

  - by pinaldave

  Earlier I had posted quick puzzle and I had received wonderful response to the same from Brad Schulz. Today we will go over the solution. The puzzle was posted here: SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Usage of FAST Hint The question was in what condition the hint FAST will be useful. In the response to this puzzle blog post here is what SQL Server Expert Brad Schulz has pointed me to his blog post where he explain how FAST hint can be useful. I strongly recommend to read his blog post over here. With the permission of the Brad, I am reproducing following queries here. He has come up with example where FAST hint improves the performance. USE AdventureWorks GO DECLARE @DesiredDateAtMidnight DATETIME = '20010709' DECLARE @NextDateAtMidnight DATETIME = DATEADD(DAY,1,@DesiredDateAtMidnight) -- Query without FAST SELECT OrderID=h.SalesOrderID ,h.OrderDate ,h.TerritoryID ,TerritoryName=t.Name ,c.CardType ,c.CardNumber ,CardExpire=RIGHT(STR(100+ExpMonth),2)+'/'+STR(ExpYear,4) ,h.TotalDue FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader h LEFT JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory t ON h.TerritoryID=t.TerritoryID LEFT JOIN Sales.CreditCard c ON h.CreditCardID=c.CreditCardID WHERE OrderDate>=@DesiredDateAtMidnight AND OrderDate<@NextDateAtMidnight ORDER BY h.SalesOrderID; -- Query with FAST(10) SELECT OrderID=h.SalesOrderID ,h.OrderDate ,h.TerritoryID ,TerritoryName=t.Name ,c.CardType ,c.CardNumber ,CardExpire=RIGHT(STR(100+ExpMonth),2)+'/'+STR(ExpYear,4) ,h.TotalDue FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader h LEFT JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory t ON h.TerritoryID=t.TerritoryID LEFT JOIN Sales.CreditCard c ON h.CreditCardID=c.CreditCardID WHERE OrderDate>=@DesiredDateAtMidnight AND OrderDate<@NextDateAtMidnight ORDER BY h.SalesOrderID OPTION(FAST 10) Now when you check the execution plan for the same, you will find following visible difference. You will find query with FAST returns results with much lower cost. Thank you Brad for excellent post and teaching us something. I request all of you to read original blog post written by Brad for much more information. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, Readers Contribution, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• SYS2 Scripts Updated – Scripts to monitor database backup, database space usage and memory grants now available

  - by Davide Mauri

  I’ve just released three new scripts of my “sys2” script collection that can be found on CodePlex: Project Page: http://sys2dmvs.codeplex.com/ Source Code Download: http://sys2dmvs.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/57732 The three new scripts are the following sys2.database_backup_info.sql sys2.query_memory_grants.sql sys2.stp_get_databases_space_used_info.sql Here’s some more details: database_backup_info This script has been made to quickly check if and when backup was done. It will report the last full, differential and log backup date and time for each database. Along with these information you’ll also get some additional metadata that shows if a database is a read-only database and its recovery model: By default it will check only the last seven days, but you can change this value just specifying how many days back you want to check. To analyze the last seven days, and list only the database with FULL recovery model without a log backup select * from sys2.databases_backup_info(default) where recovery_model = 3 and log_backup = 0 To analyze the last fifteen days, and list only the database with FULL recovery model with a differential backup select * from sys2.databases_backup_info(15) where recovery_model = 3 and diff_backup = 1 I just love this script, I use it every time I need to check that backups are not too old and that t-log backup are correctly scheduled. query_memory_grants This is just a wrapper around sys.dm_exec_query_memory_grants that enriches the default result set with the text of the query for which memory has been granted or is waiting for a memory grant and, optionally, its execution plan stp_get_databases_space_used_info This is a stored procedure that list all the available databases and for each one the overall size, the used space within that size, the maximum size it may reach and the auto grow options. This is another script I use every day in order to be able to monitor, track and forecast database space usage. As usual feedbacks and suggestions are more than welcome!

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• Why is the root partition on my disk full?

  - by Agmenor

  I installed Ubuntu 12.04 by doing a fresh install where there was previously Ubuntu 11.10. My computer warns me now that my disk is nearly full. After having run apt-get purge, run apt-get autoremove and emptied the Trash can, I still have this problem as shown by this screenshot of Gparted: The disk /dev/sda7 is indeed full. I ran the Disk Usage Analyzer (Baobab) and I am still not sure of what is happening: One of my hypothesis is that when installing Ubuntu 12.04, I didn't configure my disks well and the disk /dev/sda6 is not mounted well as /home. Is this the reason indeed? What should I do to verify this and then to get the things fixed? Here are a few additional details to answer the questions I received (thank you everybody): My home directory is not encrypted. The Backup utility (Déjà Dup) is not set for automatic backups. (I do it myself and manually.) After I mount /dev/sda6, the command df -h gives Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda7 244G 221G 12G 96% / udev 3,9G 4,0K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1,6G 904K 1,6G 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 3,9G 164K 3,9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda6 653G 189G 433G 31% /media/8ec2fa69-039b-4c52-ab1b-034d785132a1 (sorry but formatting this into code does not work, for an unknown reason) Thanks to izx's post, I realized /dev/sda6 was not even mounted before. It contains all the documents I used to have when I was running Ubuntu 11.10.

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• improve Collision detection memory usage (blocks with bullets)

  - by Eddy

  i am making a action platform 2D game, something like Megaman. I am using XNA to make it. already made player phisics,collisions, bullets, enemies and AIs, map editor, scorolling X Y camera (about 75% of game is finished ). as i progressed i noticed that my game would be more interesting to play if bullets would be destroyed on collision with regular(stationary ) map blocks, only problem is that if i use my collision detection (each bullet with each block) sometimes it begins to lag(btw if my bullet exits the screen player can see it is removed from bullet list) So how to improve my collision detection so that memory usage would be so high? :) ( on a map 300x300 blocks for example don't think that bigger map should be made); int block = 0; int bulet= 0; bool destroy_bullet = false; while (bulet < bullets.Count) { while (block < blocks.Count) { if (bullets[bulet].P_Bul_rec.Intersects( blocks[block].rect)) {//bullets and block are Lists that holds objects of bullet and block classes //P_Bul_rec just bullet rectangle destroy_bullet = true; } block++; } if (destroy_bullet) { bullets.RemoveAt(bulet); destroy_bullet = false; } else { bulet++; } block = 0; }

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• Software licensing template that gives room for restricting usage to certain industries/uses of software/source

  - by BSara

  *Why this question is not a duplicate of the questions specified as such: I did not ask if there was a license that restricted specific uses and I did not ask if I could rewrite every line of any open source project. I asked very specifically: "Does there exist X? If not, can I Y with Z?". As far as I can tell, the two questions that were specified as duplicates do not answer my specific question. Please remove the duplicate status placed on the question. I'm developing some software that I would like to be "semi" open source. I would like to allow for anyone to use my software/source unless they are using the software/source for certain purposes. For example, I don't want to allow usage of the software/source if it is being used to create, distribute, view or otherwise support pornography, illegal purposes, etc. I'm no lawyer and couldn't ever hope to write a license myself nor do I have to time to figure how to best do this. My question is this: Does there exist a freely available license or a template for a license that I can use to license my software under they conditions explained above just like one can use the Creative Commons licenses? If not, am I allowed to just alter one of Creative Commons licenses to meet my needs?

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• Best Usage of Multiple Computers For a Developer

  - by whaley

  I have two Macbook Pros - both are comparable in hardware. One is a 17" and the other a 15". The 17" has a slightly swifter CPU clock speed, but beyond that the differences are completely negligible. I tried a setup a while back where I had the 17" hooked up to an external monitor in the middle of my desk with the 15" laptop immediately to the right of it, and was using teleport to control the 15" from my 17". All development, terminal usage, etc. etc. was being done on the 17" and the 15" was primarily used for email / IM / IRC... or anything secondary to what I was working on. I have a MobileMe account so preferences were synced, but otherwise I didn't really use anything else to keep the computers in sync (I use dropbox/git but probably not optimally). For reasons I can't put my finger on, this setup never felt quite right. A few things that irked me was the 15" was way under-utlized and the 17" was overutilized having 2 laptops and a 21" monitor all on one desk actually took up lots of desk space and it felt like I had too much to look at. I reverted back to just using the 17" and the external monitor and keeping the 15" around the house (and using it very sparingly). For those of you who are using multiple laptops (or just multiple machines for that matter), I'd like to see setups that work for you for when you have 2 or more machines that gives you optimal productivity and why. I'd like to give this one more shot but with a different approach than my previous - which was using the 15" as a machine for secondary things (communication, reading documentation, etc. etc).

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• Where is my ram?

  - by gsedej

  I have 2GB installed on my machine running Ubuntu 12.04. After some time of use, I see much of my RAM used. The RAM does not free enough even though I closed all my programs. I included 2 screenshots. First is "Gnome system monitor" (all process) and second is "htop" (with sudo), both sorted by memory usage. From both you see, that it's not possible that all running apps takes together 1GB of memory. First 7 biggest programs sum 250, but others are much smaller (all can't sum even 100MB). The cache is 300MB (yellow ||| on htop) and is not included in 1GB used. Also 260MB is already on swap. (which actually makes 1,3GB of used memory) If i start Firefox (or Chrome) with many tabs, it has only 1GB available and not potentially 1,5 GB (assume 0,5GB is for system). When I need more ram, swapping happens. So where is my ram? Which program is using it? How can i free it, to be available for e.g. Firefox? Gnome system monitor htop

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• Why is my disk full?

  - by Agmenor

  I installed Ubuntu 12.04 by doing a fresh install where there was previously Ubuntu 11.10. My computer warns me now that my disk is nearly full. After having run apt-get purge, run apt-get autoremove and emptied the Trash can, I still have this problem as shown by this screenshot of Gparted: The disk /dev/sda7 is indeed full. I ran the Disk Usage Analyzer (Baobab) and I am still not sure of what is happening: One of my hypothesis is that when installing Ubuntu 12.04, I didn't configure my disks well and the disk /dev/sda6 is not mounted well as /home. Is this the reason indeed? What should I do to verify this and then to get the things fixed? Here are a few additional details to answer the questions I received (thank you everybody): My home directory is not encrypted. The Backup utility (Déjà Dup) is not set for automatic backups. (I do it myself and manually.) After I mount /dev/sda6, the command df -h gives Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda7 244G 221G 12G 96% / udev 3,9G 4,0K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1,6G 904K 1,6G 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 3,9G 164K 3,9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda6 653G 189G 433G 31% /media/8ec2fa69-039b-4c52-ab1b-034d785132a1 (sorry but formatting this into code does not work, for an unknown reason) Thanks to izx's post, I realized /dev/sda6 was not even mounted before. It contains all the documents I used to have when I was running Ubuntu 11.10.

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• Updating to linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic occupies all disk space

  - by user42228

  I just ran a normal update through the update manager that wanted to update me to linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic. The installation paused halfway with a message that the root was full. I checked the disk usage, and noticed that one of the newly installed files: /lib/modules/3.2.0-26-generic/modules.ccwmap took up 63GB(!). Compared to the previous version: /lib/modules/3.2.0-24-generic/modules.ccwmap that took up only 4KB it seems like something went awfully wrong! As mentioned the update was paused when i ran out of disk space. There is no option in the update dialog to cancel or perform rollback on the update. Is it asking for trouble to kill the update manager? Any ideas as to what went wrong, and what I can do to remedy it? It's only minimal how much space I can free on that partition (without deleting the above mentioned file). If it is any help, the update was paused after this: Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic

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• obiee memory usage

  - by user554629

  Heap memory is a frequent customer topic. Here's the quick refresher, oriented towards AIX, but the principles apply to other unix implementations. 1. 32-bit processes have a maximum addressability of 4GB; usable application heap size of 2-3 GB.  On AIX it is controlled by an environment variable: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x080000000   # 2GB ( The leading zero is deliberate, not required )   1a. It is  possible to get 3.25GB  heap size for a 32-bit process using @DSA (Discontiguous Segment Allocation)     export LDR_CNTRL=MAXDATA=0xd0000000@DSA  # 3.25 GB 32-bit only        One side-effect of using AIX segments "c" and "d" is that shared libraries will be loaded privately, and not shared.        If you need the additional heap space, this is worth the trade-off.  This option is frequently used for 32-bit java.   1b. 64-bit processes have no need for the @DSA option. 2. 64-bit processes can double the 32-bit heap size to 4GB using: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x100000000  # 1 with 8-zeros    2a. But this setting would place the same memory limitations on obiee as a 32-bit process    2b. The major benefit of 64-bit is to break the binds of 32-bit addressing.  At a minimum, use 8GB export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x200000000  # 2 with 8-zeros    2c.  Many large customers are providing extra safety to their servers by using 16GB: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x400000000  # 4 with 8-zeros There is no performance penalty for providing virtual memory allocations larger than required by the application.  - If the server only uses 2GB of space in 64-bit ... specifying 16GB just provides an upper bound cushion.    When an unexpected user query causes a sudden memory surge, the extra memory keeps the server running. 3.  The next benefit to 64-bit is that you can provide huge thread stack sizes for      strange queries that might otherwise crash the server.      nqsserver uses fast recursive algorithms to traverse complicated control structures.    This means lots of thread space to hold the stack frames.    3a. Stack frames mostly contain register values;  64-bit registers are twice as large as 32-bit          At a minimum you should  quadruple the size of the server stack threads in NQSConfig.INI          when migrating from 32- to 64-bit, to prevent a rogue query from crashing the server.           Allocate more than is normally necessary for safety.    3b. There is no penalty for allocating more stack size than you need ...           it is just virtual memory;   no real resources  are consumed until the extra space is needed.    3c. Increasing thread stack sizes may require the process heap size (MAXDATA) to be increased.          Heap space is used for dynamic memory requests, and for thread stacks.          No performance penalty to run with large heap and thread stack sizes.           In a 32-bit world, this safety would require careful planning to avoid exceeding 2GM usable storage.     3d. Increasing the number of threads also may require additional heap storage.          Most thread stack frames on obiee are allocated when the server is started,          and the real memory usage increases as threads run work. Does 2.8GB sound like a lot of memory for an AIX application server? - I guess it is what you are accustomed to seeing from "grandpa's applications". - One of the primary design goals of obiee is to trade memory for services ( db, query caches, etc) - 2.8GB is still well under the 4GB heap size allocated with MAXDATA=0x100000000 - 2.8GB process size is also possible even on 32-bit Windows applications - It is not unusual to receive a sudden request for 30MB of contiguous storage on obiee.- This is not a memory leak;  eventually the nqsserver storage will stabilize, but it may take days to do so. vmstat is the tool of choice to observe memory usage.  On AIX vmstat will show  something that may be  startling to some people ... that available free memory ( the 2nd column ) is always  trending toward zero ... no available free memory.  Some customers have concluded that "nearly zero memory free" means it is time to upgrade the server with more real memory.   After the upgrade, the server again shows very little free memory available. Should you be concerned about this?   Many customers are !!  Here is what is happening: - AIX filesystems are built on a paging model.   If you read/write a  filesystem block it is paged into memory ( no read/write system calls ) - This filesystem "page" has its own "backing store" on disk, the original filesystem block.   When the system needs the real memory page holding the file block, there is no need to "page out".    The page can be stolen immediately, because the original is still on disk in the filesystem. - The filesystem  pages tend to collect ... every filesystem block that was ever seen since    system boot is available in memory.  If another application needs the file block, it is retrieved with no physical I/O. What happens if the system does need the memory ... to satisfy a 30MB heap request by nqsserver, for example? - Since the filesystem blocks have their own backing store ( not on a paging device )   the kernel can just steal any filesystem block ... on a least-recently-used basis   to satisfy a new real memory request for "computation pages". No cause for alarm.   vmstat is accurately displaying whether all filesystem blocks have been touched, and now reside in memory.   Back to nqsserver:  when should you be worried about its memory footprint? Answer:  Almost never.   Stop monitoring it ... stop fussing over it ... stop trying to optimize it. This is a production application, and nqsserver uses the memory it requires to accomplish the job, based on demand. C'mon ... never worry?   I'm from New York ... worry is what we do best. Ok, here is the metric you should be watching, using vmstat: - Are you paging ... there are several columns of vmstat outputbash-2.04$ vmstat 3 3 System configuration: lcpu=4 mem=4096MB kthr    memory              page              faults        cpu    ----- ------------ ------------------------ ------------ -----------  r  b    avm   fre  re  pi  po  fr   sr  cy  in   sy  cs us sy id wa  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0  13   45  73  0  0 99  0  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0   9   12  77  0  0 99  0  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0   9   40  86  0  0 99  0 avm is the "available free memory" indicator that trends toward zerore   is "re-page".  The kernel steals a real memory page for one process;  immediately repages back to original processpi  "page in".   A process memory page previously paged out, now paged back in because the process needs itpo "page out" A process memory block was paged out, because it was needed by some other process Light paging activity ( re, pi, po ) is not a concern for worry.   Processes get started, need some memory, go away. Sustained paging activity  is cause for concern.   obiee users are having a terrible day if these counters are always changing. Hang on ... if nqsserver needs that memory and I reduce MAXDATA to keep the process under control, won't the nqsserver process crash when the memory is needed? Yes it will.   It means that nqsserver is configured to require too much memory and there are  lots of options to reduce the real memory requirement.  - number of threads  - size of query cache  - size of sort But I need nqsserver to keep running. Real memory is over-committed.    Many things can cause this:- running all application processes on a single server    ... DB server, web servers, WebLogic/WebSphere, sawserver, nqsserver, etc.   You could move some of those to another host machine and communicate over the network  The need for real memory doesn't go away, it's just distributed to other host machines. - AIX LPAR is configured with too little memory.     The AIX admin needs to provide more real memory to the LPAR running obiee. - More memory to this LPAR affects other partitions. Then it's time to visit your friendly IBM rep and buy more memory.

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• need assistance with my.cnf - 1500% CPU usage

  - by Alan Long

  I'm running into a few issues with our new database server. It is a HP G8 with 2 INTEL XEON E5-2650 processors and 32GB of ram. This server is dedicated as a MySQL server (5.1.69) for our intranet portal. I have been having issues with this server staying alive - I notice high CPU usage during certain times of day (8% ~ 1500%+) and see very low memory usage (7 ~ 15%) based on using the 'top' command. When the CPU usage passes 1000%, that is when the app usually dies. I'm trying to see what I'm doing wrong with the config file, hopefully one of the experts can chime in and let me know what they think. See below for my.cnf file: [mysqld] default-storage-engine=InnoDB datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #user=mysql large-pages # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 max_connections=275 tmp_table_size=1G key_buffer_size=384M key_buffer=384M thread_cache_size=1024 long_query_time=5 low_priority_updates=1 max_heap_table_size=1G myisam_sort_buffer_size=8M concurrent_insert=2 table_cache=1024 sort_buffer_size=8M read_buffer_size=5M read_rnd_buffer_size=6M join_buffer_size=16M table_definition_cache=6k open_files_limit=8k slow_query_log #skip-name-resolve # Innodb Settings innodb_buffer_pool_size=18G innodb_thread_concurrency=0 innodb_log_file_size=1G innodb_log_buffer_size=16M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50 innodb_file_per_table #innodb_buffer_pool_instances=4 #eliminating double buffering innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT flush_time=86400 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=40M #innodb_io_capacity = 5000 #innodb_read_io_threads = 64 #innodb_write_io_threads = 64 # increase until threads_created doesnt grow anymore thread_cache=1024 query_cache_type=1 query_cache_limit=4M query_cache_size=256M # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 0 wait_timeout = 1800 connect_timeout = 10 interactive_timeout = 60 [mysqldump] max_allowed_packet=32M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid log-slow-queries=/var/log/mysql/slow-queries.log long_query_time = 1 log-queries-not-using-indexes we connect to one database with 75 tables, the largest table has 1,150,000 entries and the second largest has 128,036 entries. I have also verified that our PHP queries are optimized as best as possible. Reference - MySQLtuner: >> MySQLTuner 1.2.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.69-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: -Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 420M (Tables: 75) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 75 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [!!] User '[email protected]' has no password set. -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 1h 14m 50s (8M q [1K qps], 705 conn, TX: 6B, RX: 892M) [--] Reads / Writes: 68% / 32% [--] Total buffers: 19.7G global + 35.2M per thread (275 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 29.1G (93% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (472/8M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 66% (183/275) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 384.0M/91.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (173 cached / 0 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 96.2% (7M cached / 7M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 553614 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (3 temp sorts / 1K sorts) [!!] Temporary tables created on disk: 49% (3K on disk / 7K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 74% (183 created / 705 connections) [OK] Table cache hit rate: 97% (231 open / 238 opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (17/8K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (432K immediate / 432K locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 420.9M/18.0G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Temporary table size is already large - reduce result set size Reduce your SELECT DISTINCT queries without LIMIT clauses Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 256M) [see warning above] Thanks in advanced for your help!

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• Setting Key Usage attributes with Makecert

  - by nlawalker

  Is it possible to set Key Usage attributes using makecert, or any other tool I can use to generate my own test certificates? The reason I'm interested is that certificates used for BizTalk Server AS2 transport require a key usage of Digital Signature for signing and Data Encipherment or Key Encipherment for encryption/decryption, and I want to play around with this feature. I see how to set enhanced key usage attributes with makecert, but not key usage.

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• MongoDB usage best practices

  - by andresv

  The project I'm working on uses MongoDB for some stuff so I'm creating some documents to help developers speedup the learning curve and also avoid mistakes and help them write clean & reliable code. This is my first version of it, so I'm pretty sure I will be adding more stuff to it, so stay tuned! C# Official driver notes The 10gen official MongoDB driver should always be referenced in projects by using NUGET. Do not manually download and reference assemblies in any project. C# driver quickstart guide: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Driver+Quickstart Reference links C# Language Center: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Language+Center MongoDB Server Documentation: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Home MongoDB Server Downloads: http://www.mongodb.org/downloads MongoDB client drivers download: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Drivers MongoDB Community content: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Community+Projects Tutorials Tutorial MongoDB con ASP.NET MVC - Ejemplo Práctico (Spanish):http://geeks.ms/blogs/gperez/archive/2011/12/02/tutorial-mongodb-con-asp-net-mvc-ejemplo-pr-225-ctico.aspx MongoDB and C#:http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/87757/MongoDB-and-C C# driver LINQ tutorial:http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Driver+LINQ+Tutorial C# driver reference: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+Driver+Tutorial Safe Mode Connection The C# driver supports two connection modes: safe and unsafe. Safe connection mode (only applies to methods that modify data in a database like Inserts, Deletes and Updates. While the current driver defaults to unsafe mode (safeMode == false) it's recommended to always enable safe mode, and force unsafe mode on specific things we know aren't critical. When safe mode is enabled, the driver internal code calls the MongoDB "getLastError" function to ensure the last operation is completed before returning control the the caller. For more information on using safe mode and their implicancies on performance and data reliability see: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/getLastError+Command If safe mode is not enabled, all data modification calls to the database are executed asynchronously (fire & forget) without waiting for the result of the operation. This mode could be useful for creating / updating non-critical data like performance counters, usage logging and so on. It's important to know that not using safe mode implies that data loss can occur without any notification to the caller. As with any wait operation, enabling safe mode also implies dealing with timeouts. For more information about C# driver safe mode configuration see: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/CSharp+getLastError+and+SafeMode The safe mode configuration can be specified at different levels: Connection string: mongodb://hostname/?safe=true Database: when obtaining a database instance using the server.GetDatabase(name, safeMode) method Collection: when obtaining a collection instance using the database.GetCollection(name, safeMode) method Operation: for example, when executing the collection.Insert(document, safeMode) method Some useful SafeMode article: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4604868/mongodb-c-sharp-safemode-official-driver Exception Handling The driver ensures that an exception will be thrown in case of something going wrong, in case of using safe mode (as said above, when not using safe mode no exception will be thrown no matter what the outcome of the operation is). As explained here https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/mongodb-user/mS6jIq5FUiM there is no need to check for any returned value from a driver method inserting data. With updates the situation is similar to any other relational database: if an update command doesn't affect any records, the call will suceed anyway (no exception thrown) and you manually have to check for something like "records affected". For MongoDB, an Update operation will return an instance of the "SafeModeResult" class, and you can verify the "DocumentsAffected" property to ensure the intended document was indeed updated. Note: Please remember that an Update method might return a null instance instead of an "SafeModeResult" instance when safe mode is not enabled. Useful Community Articles Comments about how MongoDB works and how that might affect your application: http://ethangunderson.com/blog/two-reasons-to-not-use-mongodb/ FourSquare using MongoDB had serious scalability problems: http://mashable.com/2010/10/07/mongodb-foursquare/ Is MongoDB a replacement for Memcached? http://www.quora.com/Is-MongoDB-a-good-replacement-for-Memcached/answer/Rick-Branson MongoDB Introduction, shell, when not to use, maintenance, upgrade, backups, memory, sharding, etc: http://www.markus-gattol.name/ws/mongodb.html MongoDB Collection level locking support: https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-1240 MongoDB performance tips: http://www.quora.com/MongoDB/What-are-some-best-practices-for-optimal-performance-of-MongoDB-particularly-for-queries-that-involve-multiple-documents Lessons learned migrating from SQL Server to MongoDB: http://www.wireclub.com/development/TqnkQwQ8CxUYTVT90/read MongoDB replication performance: http://benshepheard.blogspot.com.ar/2011/01/mongodb-replication-performance.html

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